Flying to the moon in the movies and in reality. Part three
Millions of shocked viewers around the world have seen how powerful Saturn-5s with lunar Apollos on board launched from a spaceport on Cape Canaveral.
The surprising openness, as it were, excluded the very statement of the question that anyone in NASA doubts its success, all the more trying to mislead the world.
Direct observation of the launches was carried out by Soviet intelligence vessels in the waters of neutral waters, tracking the launches of the American Apollo at Cape Canaveral.
Radio intelligence has a reliable tracking method that does not depend on the possible false content of the transmitted telemetry. This is a radio direction finding. For the radio direction finding method, it is only important from which direction the radio signal is coming, the more ships participate in radio direction finding, the higher the accuracy. In addition, our sailors used optical observation methods.
However, the demonstrated openness of lunar starts had its limits. In the United States, Operation Crossroad was developed, the scale of its importance reflects the cost of 250 million dollars. The essence of this operation was precisely in all sorts of obstruction of control by the USSR intelligence services of lunar launches from Cape Canaveral.
When three Soviet electronic intelligence vessels cruised in Cape Canaveral during the launch of the Apollo 18 on May 1969 and the seven ships during the Apollo 10 on July (11 on July 16), the Americans did everything to Soviet vessels could not observe the flight of the rocket after its launch. Powerful radio interference was only part of the opposition, the threat of the use of force completed the arguments of US warships.
Семи советским СЃСѓРґР ° Рј противостояли РґРѕ 15 РЅР ° РґРІРѕРґРЅС‹ С ... РєРѕСЂР ° Р ± Р ± R fleet RЎRЁђђ Ryo RЅRµSЃRєRsR »SЊRєRs RїРѕРґРІРѕРґРЅС‹ С ... Р »РѕРґРѕРє, переведенны С ... РґР ° РСРРСРСРРР °Р °Р °Р °Р °Р °Р °Р °Р °Р °Р °Р °РѓР °РєРєРєРєРєРєРєРєРєРєРєРєРєСє
It would seem that to hide if all the parameters of the rocket and the entire flight (starting mass, engine power, acceleration mode, dropping the first and second rocket stages, trajectory) are communicated in advance by NASA? If this information is reliable, if the launch of a rocket is demonstrated to the whole world, why simultaneously break off third-party control over its further flight? On the contrary, it would give an extra confirmation of authenticity, would remove any doubts, but as it turns out, there was something to hide “honest gentlemen”.
The efforts of Soviet specialists were not in vain. After repeated observations of the Apollo launches and flights in March, May and July of 1969, the place of the final point of all the Apollo lunars was clearly established. This is a region south of the Azores in the Atlantic, which was confirmed by later public research.
According to the American data, the rocket reached the speed in 2,4 km / s relative to the ambient air before the separation of the first stage. For a long time, this figure was accepted by the majority with absolutely no criticism, while Ph.D. Pokrovsky, using NASA newsreel materials, found that the true speed of the rocket at this moment is substantially less.
Thanks to research on several methods (“Mach cone”, “smoke lagging”, “lateral emissions of explosive products”), it was concluded that the “moon” rocket does fly much slower and at a lower altitude than NASA . In this case, its path hardly lies on the moon, and, most likely, much closer, in the waters of the Atlantic Ocean ...
So, when the region of the true Apollo driveings was already marked, the task was to obtain the "moon" evidence. What happened later will be called by the Soviet specialists a “gift of fate.”
Historical fact: in September 1970, the US Coast Guard icebreaker Southwind entered the port of Murmansk. To the amazed crew of the Saunaweed, an empty command module from the Apollo lunar program, previously caught in the Atlantic by the Soviet Apatit vessel, was handed over.
The command module returned by the Soviet Union was loaded onto a US ship.
According to the official version, the sailors of the British Royal Navy lost a capsule with the BP-1227 number in the fog during an emergency rescue training for a spacecraft crewman.
Since the capsule got to Murmansk, what happened then? Most experts do not allow randomness in the disappearance of the capsule, believing that these events were the result of a special operation successfully carried out by Soviet sailors. The trophy was a model of the Apollo 13 command module, the launch of which occurred on April 11 of 1970.
The Apollo-13 launch from Cape Canaveral (as if on the Moon) was carried out in the evening, at 19 hours GMT, the capsule was picked up for the night, thus, the discovery and the space launch are separated in a matter of hours.
The extremely bad weather from 11 to 12 on April 1970, when an unprecedented storm of snow charges broke out in the Bay of Biscay, contributed to the success of Soviet sailors, allowing the Americans to take the trophy under their nose. In addition, the largest naval exercises “Ocean” of the Soviet Navy in the Atlantic, which began on April 14, provided cover for the delivery of the caught capsule to Murmansk, where it was carefully studied.
As noted by Soviet specialists from the TsKBM (Central Engineering Design Bureau), it was a metal, very well made of thick galvanized iron, without traces of corrosion, an overall weight model of the Apollo command module. On the capsule there was no heat protection. The inlet screwed into a multitude of bolts did not suggest the presence of a crew in it, and dark gray spots on the surface of the capsule and its blackened bottom suggested that the capsule flew from near space, more precisely, from the stratosphere.
If the Americans could not create a real rocket with a carrying capacity necessary for flying to the moon, they could only go on mystifying such a rocket as the Saturn-5. For example, when using the Saturn-1B rocket, for a new look in the inflated body. In this case, no astronaut rocket "Saturn-5" and could not carry, being unmanned, and its main task was to fly away from the cosmodrome far away, with an empty disc.
By secreting information about the discovery of the capsule, and especially about the date of this discovery, the Soviet leaders saved the Apollo 13 mission from dangerous doubts, receiving a powerful trump card for further conversations with the Americans.
Naturally, in the USA, a “good mine” was depicted, the capsule was called not differently than the “boiler iron”, almost a trifle at the level of the props that had been fished out and returned, which had no relation to the Saturn-5 launches. But be that as it may, a scandal erupted in the States. It is possible that it was for this reason that the then director of NASA, Thomas Paine, resigned, followed by 15 on September 1970 of the year, that is, exactly one week after the ceremonial transfer of the capsule took place. You can also add here that documents about events that preceded the ceremony in Murmansk should be declassified in the 2021 year, unless a decision is made to extend their statute of limitations.
It must be assumed that the “moon capsule” was, though very weighty, but only part of the “compromising evidence” accumulated by the USSR on the statements of the Americans about the conquest of the Moon.
The main "evidence" of the United States ("lunar soil", which astronauts allegedly brought in kilograms) turned out to be fake. This became especially apparent when comparing with real lunar soil, delivered by Soviet automatic stations. Moreover, having at their disposal first-class widescreen professional cameras “Hasselblad”, a high-quality film on which even specks of dust on the sleeve of a spacesuit would be visible, the Americans showed the world pictures, excusable except to amateurs with cheap cameras.
Constant “experts” from NASA explained the low quality to the public by the fact that when processing photographs brought by astronauts, a technical procedure was used that drastically reduced the quality of the image, from high in the original images to very low in frames posted to the site. It must be thought that nothing other than for "historical believability." In general, the claimed scanning of films from the Hasselblad cameras was conducted not only with a low resolution, but unprecedentedly rough.
A careful study of the official images presented on behalf of the Apollo astronauts, we can conclude that they are not only no different from what American automatic stations transmitted to Earth, but it is very likely that they were made by automatic devices. In this case, everything that the American automatic devices took from the Ranger, Surveyor and Lunar Orbiter programs went into action, and only repeaters and dummies in imitation of presence turned out to be on the Moon, which was prepared in advance. The very "conquerors of the moon" in this situation should have been dropped in their Apollo from transport aircraft into the waters of the Pacific Ocean.
Whatever it was, namely, the main evidence (“lunar soil”, film and photo materials on lunar missions) would later disappear from NASA’s repositories. As they say, the ends in the water.
Now the most important thing: to legitimize before the whole world the conquest of the Moon by the United States allowed only official recognition of this fact by the Soviet Union with its impeccable reputation for all honest and open research in the Soviet space program. Without this, the United States would not have proved anything; moreover, being caught with only fake “lunar soil”, they would have acquired shame and dropped their image “below the plinth”.
Why did the Soviet leadership recognize the conquest of the moon by the United States, moreover, refused to further competition in a manned visit to the moon? Well, let the H-1 rocket required some work, for the possibility of landing on the moon and the return of Soviet cosmonauts to Earth, even if it would be expensive, but to repeat the manned flyby of the moon, already worked out automatically? .. The Americans did not hesitate to be second in the beginning space exploration, what prevented the leadership of the USSR?
There are always causes and effects, including those related to the lunar exploits of the United States, their recognition in the USSR, whose leadership during the Cold War did not in the least question the surprising success of potential enemies. So who crowned the United States with the moon crown, why was this possible? As one character said in a popular Soviet cartoon: “Oh, brother! These are crooks. They are plotting a sinister crime on the roof ... "
To believe this or not, but the “deal with the devil” could well have taken place, in fact, to mix the US with mud, initially nobody wanted to disgrace the Soviet leadership. In this case, the unconditional victory of socialism, the feat of the Soviet people, the communist idea and the highest morality were exchanged for short-term benefits, like those Indians who gave their pure gold for cheap mirrors and glass beads.
Adherents of American supremacy in space, especially paid for provocateurs and other US patriots, are ready to pour mud at the whole “soviet”, convincing everyone and everything that the Americans were on the Moon. At the same time, even agreeing with the mysterious hints that the United States was forbidden to continue to fly to the moon by aliens ...
What is worse illiteracy? As Leo Tolstoy said, semi-literacy is worse than complete ignorance. So people have enough knowledge to understand what they are told, but they do not have enough knowledge to understand what they are keeping back.
No miracles, everything has a scientific explanation, in which the United States physically could not successfully fly to the moon in the last century. Only recognition of the USSR legalized the American lunar scam, which was a grand political mistake of the then Soviet leadership, which ultimately led to the death of the Soviet Union.
Some of our astronauts were then impressed by the trip to the United States, believing in the lunar feat of the “friends”. Others from the deal, also sealed by joint falsification in orbit (Soyuz-Apollo), became not only artists, but also storytellers, jealously confirming American wonders on the Moon.
As you wish, but in the end, if the United States conquered the moon, proving its complete superiority over the USSR and socialism, with what kindness did they go to defuse international tensions and unprecedented concessions to the Soviet Union?
For the first time in world history, US President Richard Nixon personally flies to Moscow (May 1972 of the year). A record number of contracts and agreements are signed.
Indeed, many significant events coincided surprisingly with the American triumph on the moon. This is the end of the Cold War, the “detente”, the thaw in relations with the United States and the whole Western world, and many other concessions of the West, received by the USSR in foreign policy. Why did these bourgeois gifts bore down on him, moreover, if the Soviet Union lost the space race? We will not be here unfounded.
The embargo on the supply of Soviet oil to Western Europe was lifted, the USSR began to penetrate the Western gas market, where it has been successfully operating to this day.
An agreement was reached on the supply of American grain to the USSR at prices lower than the world average, which even had a negative effect on the welfare of the Americans themselves.
Finally, it is noted that Western companies built chemical plants in the USSR in exchange for the finished products of these plants, that is, the Soviet Union received modern enterprises without investing a penny from themselves.
More than 700 foreign firms from 19 countries of Europe (CMEA and Western Europe), the USA, Canada and Japan took part in equipping KamAZ. The Americans even handed over drawings of their International truck for production in the Soviet Union, which later became the prototype of KamAZ.
The complete production cycle of modern electronic components, including semiconductor integrated circuits, also appeared in the Soviet Union at this time.
Leonid Ilyich himself was also not ignored. These are expensive gifts. For example, when returning, take the United States (1973 year) to Leonid Brezhnev presented “Lincoln Continental”, a fashionable American sedan of dark blue color. A car worth 10 000 dollars (about 60 000 in dollars 2018 of the year), engraved on the dashboard of the car read: “For a good memory. Best wishes".
As a result, the Cold War and the constant threat of a full-fledged nuclear catastrophe were then a thing of the past, and the peak of “detente” was the Helsinki Act of 1975 of the year, which asserted the inviolability of the borders established in Europe after World War II. That would not have been the case with the Soviet Union defeated in space.
But the "kindness" of capitalism ends quickly. What is done is done.
I would also like to recall here the subtle KGB humor of Vladimir Vladimirovich, when he asked the question of American falsification on the Moon that it was impossible to falsify such an event. Like, this is the same as arguing that the 11 of September, the Americans themselves blew up the twin towers, themselves led the actions of terrorists. Yes, who would doubt American honesty! Especially after the shock of the “white powder” in the UN for aggression against Iraq ...
Anyone who is still touched by the phrase "This is one small step for a man, but a giant leap for all of humanity," I would like to say that the United States is not the whole of humanity.
The surprising openness, as it were, excluded the very statement of the question that anyone in NASA doubts its success, all the more trying to mislead the world.
Direct observation of the launches was carried out by Soviet intelligence vessels in the waters of neutral waters, tracking the launches of the American Apollo at Cape Canaveral.
Radio intelligence has a reliable tracking method that does not depend on the possible false content of the transmitted telemetry. This is a radio direction finding. For the radio direction finding method, it is only important from which direction the radio signal is coming, the more ships participate in radio direction finding, the higher the accuracy. In addition, our sailors used optical observation methods.
However, the demonstrated openness of lunar starts had its limits. In the United States, Operation Crossroad was developed, the scale of its importance reflects the cost of 250 million dollars. The essence of this operation was precisely in all sorts of obstruction of control by the USSR intelligence services of lunar launches from Cape Canaveral.
When three Soviet electronic intelligence vessels cruised in Cape Canaveral during the launch of the Apollo 18 on May 1969 and the seven ships during the Apollo 10 on July (11 on July 16), the Americans did everything to Soviet vessels could not observe the flight of the rocket after its launch. Powerful radio interference was only part of the opposition, the threat of the use of force completed the arguments of US warships.
Семи советским СЃСѓРґР ° Рј противостояли РґРѕ 15 РЅР ° РґРІРѕРґРЅС‹ С ... РєРѕСЂР ° Р ± Р ± R fleet RЎRЁђђ Ryo RЅRµSЃRєRsR »SЊRєRs RїРѕРґРІРѕРґРЅС‹ С ... Р »РѕРґРѕРє, переведенны С ... РґР ° РСРРСРСРРР °Р °Р °Р °Р °Р °Р °Р °Р °Р °Р °Р °РѓР °РєРєРєРєРєРєРєРєРєРєРєРєРєСє
It would seem that to hide if all the parameters of the rocket and the entire flight (starting mass, engine power, acceleration mode, dropping the first and second rocket stages, trajectory) are communicated in advance by NASA? If this information is reliable, if the launch of a rocket is demonstrated to the whole world, why simultaneously break off third-party control over its further flight? On the contrary, it would give an extra confirmation of authenticity, would remove any doubts, but as it turns out, there was something to hide “honest gentlemen”.
The efforts of Soviet specialists were not in vain. After repeated observations of the Apollo launches and flights in March, May and July of 1969, the place of the final point of all the Apollo lunars was clearly established. This is a region south of the Azores in the Atlantic, which was confirmed by later public research.
According to the American data, the rocket reached the speed in 2,4 km / s relative to the ambient air before the separation of the first stage. For a long time, this figure was accepted by the majority with absolutely no criticism, while Ph.D. Pokrovsky, using NASA newsreel materials, found that the true speed of the rocket at this moment is substantially less.
Thanks to research on several methods (“Mach cone”, “smoke lagging”, “lateral emissions of explosive products”), it was concluded that the “moon” rocket does fly much slower and at a lower altitude than NASA . In this case, its path hardly lies on the moon, and, most likely, much closer, in the waters of the Atlantic Ocean ...
So, when the region of the true Apollo driveings was already marked, the task was to obtain the "moon" evidence. What happened later will be called by the Soviet specialists a “gift of fate.”
Historical fact: in September 1970, the US Coast Guard icebreaker Southwind entered the port of Murmansk. To the amazed crew of the Saunaweed, an empty command module from the Apollo lunar program, previously caught in the Atlantic by the Soviet Apatit vessel, was handed over.
The command module returned by the Soviet Union was loaded onto a US ship.
According to the official version, the sailors of the British Royal Navy lost a capsule with the BP-1227 number in the fog during an emergency rescue training for a spacecraft crewman.
Since the capsule got to Murmansk, what happened then? Most experts do not allow randomness in the disappearance of the capsule, believing that these events were the result of a special operation successfully carried out by Soviet sailors. The trophy was a model of the Apollo 13 command module, the launch of which occurred on April 11 of 1970.
The Apollo-13 launch from Cape Canaveral (as if on the Moon) was carried out in the evening, at 19 hours GMT, the capsule was picked up for the night, thus, the discovery and the space launch are separated in a matter of hours.
The extremely bad weather from 11 to 12 on April 1970, when an unprecedented storm of snow charges broke out in the Bay of Biscay, contributed to the success of Soviet sailors, allowing the Americans to take the trophy under their nose. In addition, the largest naval exercises “Ocean” of the Soviet Navy in the Atlantic, which began on April 14, provided cover for the delivery of the caught capsule to Murmansk, where it was carefully studied.
As noted by Soviet specialists from the TsKBM (Central Engineering Design Bureau), it was a metal, very well made of thick galvanized iron, without traces of corrosion, an overall weight model of the Apollo command module. On the capsule there was no heat protection. The inlet screwed into a multitude of bolts did not suggest the presence of a crew in it, and dark gray spots on the surface of the capsule and its blackened bottom suggested that the capsule flew from near space, more precisely, from the stratosphere.
If the Americans could not create a real rocket with a carrying capacity necessary for flying to the moon, they could only go on mystifying such a rocket as the Saturn-5. For example, when using the Saturn-1B rocket, for a new look in the inflated body. In this case, no astronaut rocket "Saturn-5" and could not carry, being unmanned, and its main task was to fly away from the cosmodrome far away, with an empty disc.
By secreting information about the discovery of the capsule, and especially about the date of this discovery, the Soviet leaders saved the Apollo 13 mission from dangerous doubts, receiving a powerful trump card for further conversations with the Americans.
Naturally, in the USA, a “good mine” was depicted, the capsule was called not differently than the “boiler iron”, almost a trifle at the level of the props that had been fished out and returned, which had no relation to the Saturn-5 launches. But be that as it may, a scandal erupted in the States. It is possible that it was for this reason that the then director of NASA, Thomas Paine, resigned, followed by 15 on September 1970 of the year, that is, exactly one week after the ceremonial transfer of the capsule took place. You can also add here that documents about events that preceded the ceremony in Murmansk should be declassified in the 2021 year, unless a decision is made to extend their statute of limitations.
It must be assumed that the “moon capsule” was, though very weighty, but only part of the “compromising evidence” accumulated by the USSR on the statements of the Americans about the conquest of the Moon.
The main "evidence" of the United States ("lunar soil", which astronauts allegedly brought in kilograms) turned out to be fake. This became especially apparent when comparing with real lunar soil, delivered by Soviet automatic stations. Moreover, having at their disposal first-class widescreen professional cameras “Hasselblad”, a high-quality film on which even specks of dust on the sleeve of a spacesuit would be visible, the Americans showed the world pictures, excusable except to amateurs with cheap cameras.
Constant “experts” from NASA explained the low quality to the public by the fact that when processing photographs brought by astronauts, a technical procedure was used that drastically reduced the quality of the image, from high in the original images to very low in frames posted to the site. It must be thought that nothing other than for "historical believability." In general, the claimed scanning of films from the Hasselblad cameras was conducted not only with a low resolution, but unprecedentedly rough.
A careful study of the official images presented on behalf of the Apollo astronauts, we can conclude that they are not only no different from what American automatic stations transmitted to Earth, but it is very likely that they were made by automatic devices. In this case, everything that the American automatic devices took from the Ranger, Surveyor and Lunar Orbiter programs went into action, and only repeaters and dummies in imitation of presence turned out to be on the Moon, which was prepared in advance. The very "conquerors of the moon" in this situation should have been dropped in their Apollo from transport aircraft into the waters of the Pacific Ocean.
Whatever it was, namely, the main evidence (“lunar soil”, film and photo materials on lunar missions) would later disappear from NASA’s repositories. As they say, the ends in the water.
Now the most important thing: to legitimize before the whole world the conquest of the Moon by the United States allowed only official recognition of this fact by the Soviet Union with its impeccable reputation for all honest and open research in the Soviet space program. Without this, the United States would not have proved anything; moreover, being caught with only fake “lunar soil”, they would have acquired shame and dropped their image “below the plinth”.
Why did the Soviet leadership recognize the conquest of the moon by the United States, moreover, refused to further competition in a manned visit to the moon? Well, let the H-1 rocket required some work, for the possibility of landing on the moon and the return of Soviet cosmonauts to Earth, even if it would be expensive, but to repeat the manned flyby of the moon, already worked out automatically? .. The Americans did not hesitate to be second in the beginning space exploration, what prevented the leadership of the USSR?
There are always causes and effects, including those related to the lunar exploits of the United States, their recognition in the USSR, whose leadership during the Cold War did not in the least question the surprising success of potential enemies. So who crowned the United States with the moon crown, why was this possible? As one character said in a popular Soviet cartoon: “Oh, brother! These are crooks. They are plotting a sinister crime on the roof ... "
To believe this or not, but the “deal with the devil” could well have taken place, in fact, to mix the US with mud, initially nobody wanted to disgrace the Soviet leadership. In this case, the unconditional victory of socialism, the feat of the Soviet people, the communist idea and the highest morality were exchanged for short-term benefits, like those Indians who gave their pure gold for cheap mirrors and glass beads.
Adherents of American supremacy in space, especially paid for provocateurs and other US patriots, are ready to pour mud at the whole “soviet”, convincing everyone and everything that the Americans were on the Moon. At the same time, even agreeing with the mysterious hints that the United States was forbidden to continue to fly to the moon by aliens ...
What is worse illiteracy? As Leo Tolstoy said, semi-literacy is worse than complete ignorance. So people have enough knowledge to understand what they are told, but they do not have enough knowledge to understand what they are keeping back.
No miracles, everything has a scientific explanation, in which the United States physically could not successfully fly to the moon in the last century. Only recognition of the USSR legalized the American lunar scam, which was a grand political mistake of the then Soviet leadership, which ultimately led to the death of the Soviet Union.
Some of our astronauts were then impressed by the trip to the United States, believing in the lunar feat of the “friends”. Others from the deal, also sealed by joint falsification in orbit (Soyuz-Apollo), became not only artists, but also storytellers, jealously confirming American wonders on the Moon.
As you wish, but in the end, if the United States conquered the moon, proving its complete superiority over the USSR and socialism, with what kindness did they go to defuse international tensions and unprecedented concessions to the Soviet Union?
For the first time in world history, US President Richard Nixon personally flies to Moscow (May 1972 of the year). A record number of contracts and agreements are signed.
Indeed, many significant events coincided surprisingly with the American triumph on the moon. This is the end of the Cold War, the “detente”, the thaw in relations with the United States and the whole Western world, and many other concessions of the West, received by the USSR in foreign policy. Why did these bourgeois gifts bore down on him, moreover, if the Soviet Union lost the space race? We will not be here unfounded.
The embargo on the supply of Soviet oil to Western Europe was lifted, the USSR began to penetrate the Western gas market, where it has been successfully operating to this day.
An agreement was reached on the supply of American grain to the USSR at prices lower than the world average, which even had a negative effect on the welfare of the Americans themselves.
Finally, it is noted that Western companies built chemical plants in the USSR in exchange for the finished products of these plants, that is, the Soviet Union received modern enterprises without investing a penny from themselves.
More than 700 foreign firms from 19 countries of Europe (CMEA and Western Europe), the USA, Canada and Japan took part in equipping KamAZ. The Americans even handed over drawings of their International truck for production in the Soviet Union, which later became the prototype of KamAZ.
The complete production cycle of modern electronic components, including semiconductor integrated circuits, also appeared in the Soviet Union at this time.
Leonid Ilyich himself was also not ignored. These are expensive gifts. For example, when returning, take the United States (1973 year) to Leonid Brezhnev presented “Lincoln Continental”, a fashionable American sedan of dark blue color. A car worth 10 000 dollars (about 60 000 in dollars 2018 of the year), engraved on the dashboard of the car read: “For a good memory. Best wishes".
As a result, the Cold War and the constant threat of a full-fledged nuclear catastrophe were then a thing of the past, and the peak of “detente” was the Helsinki Act of 1975 of the year, which asserted the inviolability of the borders established in Europe after World War II. That would not have been the case with the Soviet Union defeated in space.
But the "kindness" of capitalism ends quickly. What is done is done.
I would also like to recall here the subtle KGB humor of Vladimir Vladimirovich, when he asked the question of American falsification on the Moon that it was impossible to falsify such an event. Like, this is the same as arguing that the 11 of September, the Americans themselves blew up the twin towers, themselves led the actions of terrorists. Yes, who would doubt American honesty! Especially after the shock of the “white powder” in the UN for aggression against Iraq ...
Anyone who is still touched by the phrase "This is one small step for a man, but a giant leap for all of humanity," I would like to say that the United States is not the whole of humanity.
Information