“Tornado-S” will be replaced by “Breakthrough”

71
Tula designers began to develop a new multiple rocket launcher system. According to its capabilities, it should surpass the TORC-S MLRS, which in one volley hits a territory of ten football fields.

The project, in which development work is underway, has been given the name Breakthrough.



“Tornado-S” will be replaced by “Breakthrough”


This will allow us to release a new generation of MLRS. Development work is underway.
- said the chief designer of the Tula NPO "Splav" Boris Belobragin.

Note that information about what will be the new weapon, Hardly ever. However, military experts suggest that the new MLRS will be more long-range than the Tornado-S, 300-millimeter missiles which fly to a distance of 90 kilometers. Increasing the range is possible by facilitating the shell of the projectile, improving its aerodynamic properties and using new types of fuel for rockets.

Another recent trend is the automation and robotization of the work of combat and transport-charging machines, reducing their vulnerability, protecting the crew, and increasing the comfort of its work.
- said earlier the general director of NPO "SPLAV" Vladimir Lepin.

Particularly noteworthy is the creation of guided missile munitions, which will have to remove the main disadvantage of the MLRS - low accuracy. Adjustable projectiles of a new generation with an individual guidance system will make it possible to attribute the MLRS to the category of precision weapons.
- said military expert Viktor Murakhovsky

By the way, the adopted Tornado-S system can fire projectiles with an unmanned aerial vehicle in a combat unit capable of reconnaissance after launch. In addition, Tornado-S was tested in Syria, where it swept away all targets in a single heap of 67 hectares. Unlike "Tornado", the new system is completely autonomous and ensures the work of the calculation without the need to leave the cab. The combat vehicle is at the firing position for a few minutes, and after completing the mission, without waiting for the shells to hit the target, it can change the location of the dislocation. reports "WG-Force"
71 comment
Information
Dear reader, to leave comments on the publication, you must sign in.
  1. +10
    28 December 2017 18: 56
    It's a good thing, but ... what are the terms of adoption? The Chinese of the RZSO have already beaten for 200 km ... and Tornado-S promised that it would very soon hit 120 km at the very same, and the latest statements were about 200 km.
    1. +25
      28 December 2017 18: 57
      So there is a caliber - 400mm. If I understand correctly and we are talking about one thing. In general, the Chinese like to overstate the numbers. And what is the warhead? Still, you need to compare it ... Dispersion when shooting.
      1. +11
        28 December 2017 19: 10
        Quote: Muvka
        So there is a caliber - 400mm. If I understand correctly and we are talking about one thing. In general, the Chinese like to overstate the numbers. And what is the warhead? Still, you need to compare it ... Dispersion when shooting.

        The WS-3, like the WS-2, has a caliber of 400 mm, and even has a caliber of 425 mm. So what? WS-3 has a minimum range of 70 km, against our maximum Tornado-S of 90 km.
        The truth is with the accuracy of the Chinese -
        Accuracy (KVO): 300 m (inertial mode) and 50 m (when combined with GPS)

        But where are the promised carriages for our Tornado-S in the form of at least a maximum range of 120 km? M
        True, this is what bothers me ..
        AR1A - Chinese multiple launch rocket system. It is a further development of the A-100 system and the Russian MLRS Smerch. GNPP "Alloy" (Tula) took part in the development of a rocket for this Chinese system.

        And now on the shells ..
        Cluster missile projectile (RRS) BRE2 - flight range from 60 to 130 km. The head part is a high-explosive one with ready-to-use striking elements. The mass of the head is 190 (180) kg. Effective radius of destruction - 100 m.
        Cattle BRE3 - flight range from 20 to 70 km. The head part is cassette with 623 KOBE. The dispersion radius of the COBE is 80-160 m, the armor penetration is 50 mm.
        Cattle BRE4 - flight range from 60 to 130 km. The head part is cassette. The number of COBEs - 480 pcs. The dispersion radius of COBE from one warhead is 80-160 m. Armor penetration is 50 mm.

        That is, our “Fusion” for the analogue of the Chinese Tornado planed missiles with a range of 130 km, and for their loved ones only 90 km. At the same time, the caliber is similar to Tornado.
        1. +7
          28 December 2017 19: 19
          Well, actually the maximum tornado range is 120km, with the ability to reach 200km. And regarding the last thesis, the thought does not occur to you that nevertheless these missiles are not suitable for our soles. Indeed, in the characteristics there is not only a range, you must admit.
          1. +8
            28 December 2017 19: 29
            Quote: Muvka
            with the ability to reach 200km.

            There is no such possibility yet ... unless the warhead is half in the 9M542 corrected missile ... then it can reach 200 km and that is not a fact. But it’s a shame that the Chinese made fraternal missiles that hit 130 km, and all this happened in 2009.
            1. +8
              28 December 2017 19: 38
              So, these missiles are oblique and carry a small power charge. That's all. As you speak with a half warhead.
              1. +3
                28 December 2017 21: 43
                Quote: Muvka
                So, these missiles are oblique and carry a small power charge. That's all. As you speak with a half warhead.

                Slanting - You checked it! )) The allegations)
            2. +8
              28 December 2017 21: 31
              Quote: NEXUS
              But it’s a shame that the Chinese made fraternal missiles that hit 130 km, and all this happened in 2009.

              Andrew, hi ! The Chinese ordered the development and paid. A similar option with Hashim.
              Jordanians funded the development and received.
          2. +10
            28 December 2017 20: 37
            Quote: Muvka
            And regarding the last thesis, it doesn’t occur to you that these missiles are not suitable for our soles.

            I can assure you that, even when I served in the USSR Armed Forces, there were various systems in the M&A for different purposes. And even then, there were doubts about the advisability of developing long-range multiple-launch rocket systems, and this was left to the "mercy" of the RMD and RSD. It is because of the characteristics of the accuracy of hitting targets. I don’t even know for what purposes similar systems with a firing range of 200-300 km may be needed. Although, if there is a task to suppress a certain region in the depths of the "enemy territory", while not giving a damn about getting hit by "outsiders", then ... fellow
            1. +9
              28 December 2017 21: 03
              Quote: Esoteric
              Although, if there is a task to suppress a certain region in the depths of the "enemy territory", while not giving a damn about getting hit by "outsiders", then ...

              ... so here Real Boys - by Length / Range are measured ... such parameter as Quo (coefficient of probable deviation) is not important for them ... for them the main thing is Thicker and Longer ... laughing ... they now have everything on GPS ... get into a penny with 300 km. ... Strategists and Tactics from the Highway ... tongue
              1. 0
                29 December 2017 03: 59
                but nevertheless, corrections by gps also improve accuracy and are not so expensive.
                kaklov their Wilha has the same theme.
                1. +1
                  29 December 2017 13: 49
                  Quote: just explo
                  but nevertheless, corrections by gps also improve accuracy and are not so expensive.
                  kaklov their Wilha has the same theme.

                  ... Greetings ... hi ... yes, the correction "to the place" at a distance of no more than 150 km. - further, MLRSs are not effective, further it is easier to work with OTRK, with a cassette warhead ... when we have another dispute, no one bothers to think about the Operation and costs of maintaining a particular equipment and preparation of drugs ... see the MLRS regiment with a range 400 km, the OTRK division is much better in this case ... hi
            2. The comment was deleted.
            3. 0
              29 December 2017 07: 31
              “I don’t even know for what purposes such systems with a firing range of 200-300 km may be needed. Although, if there is a task to suppress some area deep in the“ enemy territory ”...
              Maybe just clearing the territory for landing
      2. +1
        28 December 2017 19: 23
        However, the ws-2d has a range of 400 km
        [media = https: //topwar.ru/2479-kitaj-razrabotal-rs
        zo-ws-2d-s-dalnostyu-strelby-400-km.html]
        1. +9
          28 December 2017 21: 39
          "ws-2d range of 400 km" - caliber 425mm, length 8,1 meters, warhead 200kg. Number of rockets - 6
          Tornado-G range 120km - caliber 300mm, length 7,6, warhead 243kg. Number of missiles - 12
          R-500 (Iskander-K) range of 500 km - caliber 330mm (on a nacelle), length 8,5 meters warhead 480kg. The number of rockets 2-4?
          It seems to me ws-2d, rather, the OTRK, like Iskander-K rather than MLRS, like Tornado-G.
          Well, a simple question, if the Carapace shot down a rocket of a small MLRS at a short distance, which is clearly more complicated than shooting down a ws-2d engine at a distance of 400 km, then what's the point in this range without protection from air defense systems, such as, for example, the Iskander complex TO??
          1. +2
            29 December 2017 00: 11
            Tornado-G is a Castle of caliber 122
            1. +2
              29 December 2017 00: 22
              Yes, you are a Wikipedia master, but in essence there is no opinion, apparently .... wink
              1. +1
                29 December 2017 02: 57
                And, dear, do you know the above voiced figures by heart? Or use notes? You have bad notes, if the City and Tornado are mixed up there.
                But in essence, I was not going to discuss with you, because there are more important things to do, do not blame me. hi
                1. 0
                  29 December 2017 10: 26
                  I did not expect anything else. Well, do your homework, I won’t distract.
                  This is the level of VO!
                  Write a half line, and then, then you don’t find anything to say. Oh this wikipedia ...
                  1. 0
                    29 December 2017 16: 50
                    Dear, if you have nothing to do in life except sit on the Internet and analyze the characteristics of various weapons, I can only congratulate you, you have lived your life and are on a well-deserved rest. Unfortunately, I still have a long way to go. hi
                    PS. By the way. Why don’t you breathe evenly on Wikipedia? She offended you with something. Not at all out of place in every line you remember. More closely.
                    And it was better to learn the mat part better Yes
          2. +1
            29 December 2017 10: 32
            Quote: Seriomilander
            R-500 (Iskander-K) range of 500 km - caliber 330mm (on a nacelle), length 8,5 meters warhead 480kg. The number of rockets 2-4?
            330 mm is the diameter of the engine, not rockets. The rocket in theory is 533 mm
    2. +10
      28 December 2017 19: 27
      to believe any numbers of the Chinese is how to believe that a Chinese jeep is better than a Japanese .... hi
      1. +8
        28 December 2017 20: 01
        Shevik-I (I wanted to) and the Chinese-Hover (which is similar to Tiguan) were taken to the agricultural company .... after 4 months, the Chinese man thundered as much as he could, and finally he almost threw his hoof over the collective farm wassat , and after my dismissal, the dude from Hover sat on my Shniva and was pleased as an elephant. The Chinese mostly PONTS .... almost everywhere.
        1. +2
          28 December 2017 20: 11
          No, well, you do not compare the basin with the machine (even if the Chinese is of Russian assembly).
          1. +4
            28 December 2017 23: 03
            Chinese technology is utterly g ..., everything is bad there))
            Ketai ATV bail. It is cheap, it looks good, everything seems to be there, and the winch is even ... full-time! only now the battery charge is enough for 6-8 rises of the snowblower (with the help of a winch it is controlled up and down) and then it becomes dead from the word at all. Wires are connected to the battery with screws, and the nuts on the opposite side of the terminals are pressed tightly folded ... pieces of paper fellow different cogs !!! lengths))) one barely gets it at all.
            this is worse than AvtoVAZ products, it was immediately clear there: I bought it - do it yourself (anti-noise preparation, anticorrosive, lockers, radio / speakers and so on)
            and then the Chinese “do it yourself”, I changed my mind until I put in a relative order all this dull g ... so as not to slip the pieces of paper laughing
            spared money on normal equipment, saved ...
            get 400 mm MLRS with 400 km range at the price of Grad)))
            I do not believe)))
            1. 0
              30 December 2017 08: 57
              Well, do not believe it. This does not bother the Chinese ... And in 2007, ALLOY lost a tender in Latin America to the Chinese for the supply of 300mm rockets. Those made by licensed Russian CD. What do you think this has to do with the “Ketai ATVs”?
        2. 0
          30 December 2017 21: 28
          I heard such an opinion confirmed by calculations and historical references that a billion Chinese are also show-offs in order to look more solid in the world, the number of people is a strategic resource.
    3. +1
      29 December 2017 04: 49
      The tendency to use MLRS has changed a lot, from the time of the legendary Katyusha .. now it will be easier to pull the Iskander. Previously, the MLRS was used to destroy infantry and lightly armored vehicles in an almost front line area, now it’s completely different! I don’t need a MLRS of 200 km, for this other types of weapons exist, and their mass!
      1. +2
        29 December 2017 10: 35
        Will you let Iskander into every barn?
        1. 0
          2 January 2018 09: 49
          In each barn, you can put a "bumblebee"!
  2. +1
    28 December 2017 18: 57
    It would be nice to use guided missiles
  3. +5
    28 December 2017 19: 04
    "Breakthrough" - the name is not like, we have now, that is not news, then the "breakthrough". But a breakthrough of what, pipes, dams ...?
    1. +8
      28 December 2017 19: 56
      In this case, a technological breakthrough is implied.
      Specific specialists are working on this.
      Fighters for the truth on the note - this work has nothing to do with "crooks and thieves," nor to "hungry pensioners", and to "corruption."
    2. +6
      28 December 2017 20: 02
      BREAKTHROUGH enemy defense !!!!!, Young man.)))
    3. +1
      29 December 2017 02: 10
      Quote: Svarog
      But a breakthrough of what, pipes, dams ...?

      Yeah ... Yes All zamo ... flood! laughing
  4. +8
    28 December 2017 19: 08
    And after all, neither the author has an article, nor a reference to copy-paste laughing
    And he didn’t even set experts up, well done!
    But nothing that the Tornado-S at a distance of 120 km declared, including high-precision, and lightweight at 200. laughing
    1. +3
      28 December 2017 19: 17
      Quote: perepilka
      because neither the author has an article, not a reference to copy-paste
      And he didn’t even set experts up, well done!

      Yes, recently, VO has become less legible in the material. I hope these are temporary difficulties
      1. +6
        28 December 2017 20: 15
        Quote: Chertt
        I hope these are temporary difficulties

        I linger, however. In five years, so many specialists left here.
        Here before, such disputes were burning that it was necessary to remember how to pull the gusli from BAT-M, and at last from specialists, the last time Lopatina noticed, from the gunners, and Sanya AVT.
        Even Vitaly, the political officer of this site
        gone somewhere, boring, positioning, you need a new direction of impact, do not care, most importantly, il distracting soldier
        1. +1
          28 December 2017 21: 28
          Quote: perepilka
          In five years, so many specialists left here.

          I remember. Not five years, of course, less. I was then under a different nickname, then disappeared for half a year
      2. 0
        29 December 2017 04: 50
        Unfortunately rather permanent!
      3. 0
        29 December 2017 08: 13
        Well, right, who is interested in communicating with the dubious jingoists and trolls? And the site administration does not care ...
  5. RL
    +2
    28 December 2017 19: 20
    New weapons of mass destruction of settlements along with the civilian population. Or do they still think that the troops will be "station-centered"? Not only new bombs need to be invented, but also military operational theory! Tactics and strategy. And then the MTR and PMC created and Budenny they were given as commanders.
    1. +9
      28 December 2017 19: 59
      Not this way.
      A new weapon of mass destruction of groups wishing to save civilization from Russian barbarians.
      Not every country is capable of producing such that it undoubtedly cools the ardor of liberators and democratizers of all nationalities.
    2. +1
      29 December 2017 04: 52
      And in hockey we are always dryukim you .. wink
  6. +2
    28 December 2017 19: 20
    It seems like the “Breakthrough” is not a complex, but the name of the program for creating a complex of multiple launch rocket, and the complex itself so far has only a code, there is not even a name!
  7. +4
    28 December 2017 19: 42
    Quote: RL
    New weapons of mass destruction of settlements along with the civilian population. Or do they still think that the troops will be "station-centered"? Not only new bombs need to be invented, but also military operational theory! Tactics and strategy. And then the MTR and PMC created and Budenny they were given as commanders.

    But the guys at the General Staff do not know. All of them have already been developed and tested in Syria. Therefore, they gave an order for a new system. And the fuel will most likely be like that of the Mace. So much for range and accuracy. Well, there are laser gyroscopes, BINS and other holy mutaten ... wassat
    1. RL
      +2
      28 December 2017 20: 20
      Sir! There is no talk about Syria.
      As you say, I’m sorry - I don’t know how to “fen”, “the boys at the General Staff” know and they’re going home before it’s too late. No fools are sitting there, not fools!
      And about the “Breakthrough”, it’s not to work on mobile dangerous groups, but on a fixed cluster. And who and what is the cluster in the modern conflict? Here is toto and it!
      1. +2
        29 December 2017 04: 57
        The enemy’s forward base, enemy’s camp, division-battalion-regiment on the march, can I give you more examples .. a cover? That's it and that! For mobile groups there is a MTR, for serious adversaries there is a strategic nuclear forces, for bearded dodgers, and all sorts of European mongrel lovers, enough of “Breakthroughs” and “Iskander”, I understood!
      2. +1
        29 December 2017 10: 08
        Quote: RL
        And about the “Breakthrough”, it’s not to work on mobile dangerous groups, but on a fixed cluster. And who and what is the cluster in the modern conflict? Here is toto and it!

        It has long been invented in your NAT by various ways of purposefully getting rid of civilian civilians. The Russians have always fought with enemy troops, without touching the civilian population as much as possible. So it was before, it is also happening now in our time.
      3. 0
        29 December 2017 17: 32
        Let’s say the accumulation of all kinds of marines, rangers, seals and other animals, well, you understand me ...
        If you (the West) decide to shout to Russia, then, I assure you, these will not be mobile groups ...
        And yes, do not think that you are so alone. Here, you know, the country is big and there are neighbors in whom the "mobile groups" can reach tens, if not hundreds of thousands of people. winked So don’t be smart here
  8. +2
    28 December 2017 20: 24
    The Tornado-S passed the test in Syria, where it sweeps away all targets in an area of ​​67 hectares in one gulp.

    Russia A good soul .... everyone who "begs" is sure to get their own, and with home delivery ...
    1. RL
      +2
      28 December 2017 20: 45
      By area, then! And who was there, in these "squares" was - "kill them all! The Lord will then figure out who is without sin"
      1. NKT
        +3
        28 December 2017 21: 33
        Why are you so fed up on the MLRS? Your allies are increasingly “pinpointing” air strikes at cities, hospitals, weddings and schools. And some, more humane and napalm harnesses or nuclear weapons are used in the same cities.
      2. +2
        29 December 2017 04: 59
        If there are some ardent Russophobes on this square, mixed with a bearded rabble raping the wives of these Russophobes, then it’s possible in the area, and there the Lord will understand!
      3. 0
        29 December 2017 17: 34
        Yes, by area. And responsible for this will be the one who crossed ....
        And that will be your problem.
  9. The comment was deleted.
    1. +2
      28 December 2017 21: 27
      What are you going to buy from Belarus - the MZKT tractor or a Chinese missile in which 50% of the localization of Belarus?
    2. +2
      28 December 2017 21: 27
      Our defense industry should be independent of foreign suppliers.
    3. +2
      29 December 2017 02: 17
      Quote from rudolf
      it’s better to agree directly with the Chinese: our chassis is your missiles. And do not invent anything.

      But nothing that rolled up papers instead of washers from under the nuts have to be pulled out (as they said here)?
  10. 0
    28 December 2017 21: 49
    God grant !!! If so...
  11. +1
    28 December 2017 22: 02
    Quote: Muvka
    So, these missiles are oblique and carry a small power charge. That's all. As you speak with a half warhead.

    In principle, the mass characteristics are the same with us, with the Chinese with close calibers. But the range, alas, we do not reach the Chinese
    1. +2
      29 December 2017 00: 33
      Quote: Old26
      But the range, alas, we do not reach the Chinese

      Vladimir, I always pay attention to your comments and really appreciate your opinion, but in this case I do not agree! The Chinese say a lot of things, as in that joke:
      “Doctor, it’s been five years since I’ve been sleeping with my wife.”
      - And how old are you?
      - 65.
      - This is age, old man, age.
      - But the neighbor is 75, and he says that every day ...
      - Well, and you say.
  12. +6
    29 December 2017 01: 09
    This is a child prodigy ... 300 mm is a force, several times it was fired upon by "Tornado", it was sad and scary.
  13. +2
    29 December 2017 03: 15
    When you read all these “military news”, the assumption arises that sometimes the development of military equipment and weapons proceeds by “inertia.” Once a new type of weapon appears ... it shows itself well .... a concept is drawn up under it .. .in the framework of this concept, weapons are being improved and changed. And it happens that no one notices that “this weapon” in its development went beyond the framework of the old concept, that the old concept is already outdated for new weapons, but development is still going on within the framework of the old concept, by “inertia! This concerns the MLRS. When this weapon appeared, shortcomings immediately appeared: insufficient accuracy of rockets, their large dispersion. We decided to turn a disadvantage (large dispersion) into a virtue: dispersion? Well, well ... you can cover a larger "square" ("circle", "rectangle" ) And what would be less on this "square" "white spots" - increase the number of missiles (Eres) launched in a short period of time, increase the "power" of the warhead (and hence the caliber). And the development of the MLRS went along the path of "multi-charge" installations, "large-caliber Eres. And so we got to controlled (correctable) eres, often maintaining "multi-charge". But is the “multiple charge" MLRS necessary for controlled (corrected) ereses? After all, the corrected eres eliminates one of the main shortcomings of the multiple charge missile defense dispersion. But dispersion was one of the main reasons for the "multiple charge". Or take another aspect - the "weight" of the warhead and "long range". Nowadays, often an increase in "range" is achieved by reducing the "warhead". And indignant "boys" are explained that with corrected ammunition, the large power (weight) of the warhead is not always necessary. Therefore, it turns out that being measured by a "heavy" warhead is not always correct.
  14. 0
    29 December 2017 07: 18
    Quote: RL
    Sir! There is no talk about Syria.
    As you say, I’m sorry - I don’t know how to “fen”, “the boys at the General Staff” know and they’re going home before it’s too late. No fools are sitting there, not fools!
    And about the “Breakthrough”, it’s not to work on mobile dangerous groups, but on a fixed cluster. And who and what is the cluster in the modern conflict? Here is toto and it!

    Do you, sir, please joke? There are a lot of goals. for example, a NATO tank column in the Baltic states, Crimea, or Murmansk. Their bases of permanent deployment, warehouses, railway junctions, car hubs ... With modern air defense, sending pilots to slaughter is wrong, as the war in Georgia and Syria proved. But the fact that for 200-400 km MLRS is the most! bully
  15. 0
    29 December 2017 07: 46
    Designers have to work every day, so inventions will always be ahead of demand, and demand is a choice between the best practices since there is something to choose (and there is something to compare).
  16. 0
    29 December 2017 10: 42
    Yes, it's all a dummy just a promise to raise patriotism. they already promised us a nuclear train, and here’s an aircraft carrier since 2006 ...
  17. 0
    29 December 2017 10: 53
    Quote: Dym71
    Quote: Old26
    But the range, alas, we do not reach the Chinese

    Vladimir, I always pay attention to your comments and really appreciate your opinion, but in this case I do not agree! The Chinese say a lot of things, as in that joke:
    “Doctor, it’s been five years since I’ve been sleeping with my wife.”
    - And how old are you?
    - 65.
    - This is age, old man, age.
    - But the neighbor is 75, and he says that every day ...
    - Well, and you say.

    Kamrad! it’s not just talk .. It’s enough to compare several of China’s production systems with ours in order to understand that they, unlike our systems, have an increase in range with approximately equal mass characteristics of missiles. I will not build in chronological order, just give an example. And I don’t take even a 400 mm caliber system, since we don’t have such systems. so
    A-100 Caliber 300 mm. Range 40-120
    A-200 Caliber 300 mm. Range 50-200
    A-300 Caliber 300 mm. Range 20-290
    AR-1A Caliber 300 mm. Range 20-130
    PHL-03 Caliber 300 mm. Range 20-150

    What do we have in the same "Tornado" or "Tornado-S". Range of 20-90 km (all the time we are talking about a maximum of 120 km, but so far something is not heard). Despite the fact that our shell has 800 km and a BG of 280, and they can have combinations of 840/200, and 800/280, and 750/150, and 800/150, in some systems they achieved this by reducing weight BG twice (A-300, for example) in some again surpass our ranges with the same or almost identical mass characteristics. It is still time to treat China as a serious competitor when it comes to arms production. The time when industrial products with the brand name "Made in China" was associated with trash in our country is a thing of the past.

    As for overstatement or understatement. Let’s still use open materials (the same reference books), and not base ourselves on the statements and judgments that "the Chinese always overstate the TTX"
    We do not know how this is with the rest, including and with us. We judge our technology by open data. But they are too high or too low - very few people know
  18. 0
    29 December 2017 10: 58
    If we increase the range to at least 200 km. And are compatible with accuracy, then this will be a Breakthrough.
  19. 0
    29 December 2017 11: 18
    As the song sings: - "Higher and higher and higher ...."
    1. 0
      30 December 2017 13: 00
      Only in the space sphere is everything lower and lower.
  20. 0
    29 December 2017 13: 09
    narrow-eyed to catch up