Joan of Arc, as a PR-project of her era
It is wrong to think that PR (or in Russian “public relations”) is a product of our era. First, the term itself was used for the first time back in US 1807 by US President T. Jefferson, who used the phrase “public relations” in one of his messages to Congress, after which it was used more and more and filled with different content. But ... “PR” was before that: in advertisements on the walls, in majestic temples and palaces, clothes of pharaohs and nobility, in manners of communication, customs and traditions, because its essence is “good rumor” about something or someone then ... changing the behavior of others through this very "good rumor."
Zhanna - Milla Jovovich, this is probably the best and most memorable "genre" in stories movie.
American specialists in the field of PR have a special role in the development of practical technologies in the field of political campaigns assigned to one of the activists of the War of Independence, S. Adams, who convincingly proved that to exert informational influence on society it is necessary:
- create organizations that can lead mass companies and bring people together;
- use emotional symbols and catchy, catchy slogans;
- organize actions that have a strong emotional impact on the masses;
- be ahead of your opponents in the interpretation of one or another event that is advantageous for you;
- to constantly influence the public opinion of large masses of people by various means.
All these principles became the basis of the practical activities of American PR and ... American concept of public relations. However, if we all apply to a number of historical events, then ... we will see that all of them are really nothing more than properly organized and conducted PR campaigns.
Here it is - the future "Bluebeard", Baron Gilles de Ré. Picture of Gulya de Naval 1835
For example, the story of Joan of Arc. According to such prominent Russian specialists in JI as A.N. Chumikova and MP Bocharova, it is nothing like the most real PR-project. The case, for example, is that, although there are a huge number of different biographical chronicles relating to her life, there is no real information about who the girl Jeanne really was, as there wasn’t before, there isn’t now, although the documents have been looking for centuries . But there are a lot of absurdities and inconsistencies in various documents and chronicles. And for a long time no one paid them any attention, and only later in the archives did they find documents indicating that a significant, if not most, of the chroniclers and all sorts of troubadours who signed Jeanne’s actions turned out to be in the service of King Charles VII. These were his nine court poets and ... whole 22 royal chroniclers. In any case, it is absolutely impossible today to find out where Jeanne d'Arc actually came from: although there is a version that she could be the illegitimate sister of Charles VII; although other historians believe that she was a pupil of the order of the Franciscans. Someone argues that she really was a simple shepherd from the village of Domremy, and went insane as a child. But so many things Jeanne for a simple shepherd knew and knew how! However, wherever it comes from, the “father” of the Great Maiden of France, who became her national symbol and national idea, was none other than Baron Gilles de Ré, from one of the most ancient and noble families in western France - Montmorency and Craon.
Stamp with the emblem of Gilles de Ré, 1429. The Museum of the Vendée.
Today we would call him a "political technologist", and at that time he was just a clever and educated person. He married profitably. On a certain Catherine de Truar, with whom he received more than two million livres of a dowry. With such money, Gilles de Ré was able to achieve the location of the dauphin Charles and as a result gained a place in his entourage. At the same time, he often lent his future king with money and ... thus made him completely addicted to himself. Well, all this happened just during the Hundred Years War, when the French and the British fought because they decided who would inherit the French throne: the English kings on the maternal line of the descendants of Hugo Capeet, or the French representatives of the Valois dynasty. That is, everything was like in a big family, where many old estates remained from the father’s old man, and where relatives divide property and accuse each other of all mortal sins. The fighting, however, were conducted, but rather sluggishly. After all, the overlord could serve 40 days a year or until the provisions were over. Therefore, during the entire war there were no more than a dozen major battles, which took a total of no more than a week in time. But by itself, this situation was very beneficial: any Frenchman, meaning only personal gain, could claim that he recognized either the existing dauphin, Valois's son, or the Englishman's king, a descendant of Queen Margaret, the legitimate daughter of Philip the Fair, who had died in the King's Bose, as his king. France. For wealthy taxpayers - owners of agricultural land and large trading cities - this situation with the variable choice of kings was very convenient: two treasuries in vain offered tax benefits to them, only so that they “became for us”. Having quarreled at a ball or on a hunt, one of the French nobles the next morning found himself on the side of the British, who, by the way, had to experience all the same afterwards during the Rose War. The man went to sleep as a supporter of York, and woke up as a supporter of Lancaster, and the same thing happened only in France before. The French nobility simply blackmailed the Kings of Valois, threatening to enter the Lancaster-Capeti camp, but for loyalty they received land, loans, and titles.
Miniature depicting the burning of Joan. For some reason she is wearing a red dress. Red is the color of nobles! In addition, she was burned as a witch, apostate, a heretic, who again fell into sin and ... where is the yellow cap with devils on her head?
The English economy at that time was more developed, England minted a full-fledged gold coin, so the French landlords, who still paid taxes to the house of Valois, believed that they were a great favor. Moreover, by the beginning of the 15th century almost all had already turned away from the kings of the Valois dynasty. Dauphin Charles was forced to arrange the most real robber raids on their own cities or the possession of still loyal to him seniors, so that at least to get food or money for his usual high society life.
American film 1948 of the year. In the role of Joan of Arc Ingrid Bergman. Pay attention to the helmets - just a class, real bugineta!
And here Gilles de Ré made Karl an interesting offer: he finances the creation of the militia at his own expense and recruits an army of professional soldiers. But the most important thing is that an ordinary country girl comes to the dauphin, asserts that saints came to her in a dream, and prophesies that France will once again become a happy and prosperous power when the dauphin Karl becomes her legitimate king. The army under the leadership of Gilles de Ré inflicts perceptible blows on the possessions of those French lords who pay taxes to the British, and this affects the rest of them soberingly. Well, the "divine" girl will be among the soldiers, people always like this, and they will willingly go to the militia, besides another something equally well-paid work in the country for commoners simply do not.
But Inna clothe in armor. By the way, and her armor is very good!
Well, the most important thing in this venture will be that the French feudal lords, dreaming to go over to the side of the British, will see that Karl is popular with commoners, and that they will set fire to their fields if they do not obey him. Jacquerie ended not too long ago to forget about it, and the memory of the rebellious "zhakh" in the memory of the French nobility was still fresh. No one would want repetitions of that horror, so she would have to make a choice: either to fight against the “holy girl” and the dauphin or ... “Or” nobody wanted to! The church also supported this plan. There are no peasants - no tithes, soldiers rob monasteries, the fear of God is no longer so terrible, and where does it fit? And what is the church in the middle ages? This is, above all, a connection! Beggars monks, from whom they have nothing to take, carry letters in their robes, and even verbally convey orders - to say this and that in the sermon. And now from the ambos of France, it sounds loudly: “Rejoice the brothers and sisters of the good news! For the Immaculate Virgin appeared and gave her power from the Lord, and she performed miracles, and came to the Dauphin, and said that God revealed to her ... ”- and so on, everyone can come up with himself further. The main thing is that it was so, and at the same time almost all over France!
There was such a Jeanne, shot in 1957 year.
The plan was adopted, and its implementation began: the villans (peasants), as well as the impoverished urban poor, went to the militia together, and in the meantime, the troops of Gilles de Ré beat several pro-English French feudal lords and even “liberated” several provinces from the English, where protection of their owners of the owners from ... dauphin were detachments of British soldiers. Thus, as a result of the implementation of this PR campaign, a year later they succeeded in crowning Charles in Reims, Gilles de Ré received the title of Marshal of France and officially became commander-in-chief of the French army, and the dukes and counts ... they were frightened, as Gilles de Ré had assumed , and together they stood in line to venerate the royal monarch, for they immediately sensed her power. The war began to come to an end, and the king suddenly realized that neither Marshal Gilles de Ré nor his cowherd cowboy (whoever she really was!) No longer needed him. The king simply did not want to pay the bills. And here the church again spoke its weighty word. For some reason, right across the whole of France, it was the priests who suddenly announced that God had turned away from Jeanne, punished her for pride, and very soon Jeanne was already truly dead, and from the point of view of the king, very well even died. The Burgundian traitors took her prisoner and sold it to the British - who has the money to sell it to, isn't it? - for 10 thousand pounds. Henry VI ordered her to be burned as a witch in Rouen, and did so, first of all, to cast a shadow on the newly-made French king. But it was too late! Interestingly, there is evidence that later Jeanne “resurrected” at least one more time, when the same Marshal Gilles de Ré took on some of this role a certain Jeanne d'Armoise, who also commanded a small military detachment. She was recognized by Zhanna’s comrades-in-arms, but on the way to Paris, she was stopped by the king’s soldiers, who took her to parliament. There she was convicted of imposture and sentenced to the pillory, but as soon as she confessed in her imposture, as she was immediately released, she went to the estate to her husband. That is, her hubby also had an estate where he was while his wife was trying to be heroic on the battlefield.
French serial 1989 of the year: “Jeanne d'Arc. Power and innocence. Not impressive. From the birthplace of Jeanne could expect more!
Gilles de Ré after his unsuccessful attempt to shove the king a new Joan went to the remote castle of Tiffej, where he spent time surrounded by alchemists and magicians, including well-known master of black magic Francesco Prelati. This circumstance was decided by the duke of Brittany, John V, to whom his lands seemed insufficiently extensive. How to increase them? Yes, it is very easy: to attach several castles to Gilles de Ré, and for this to accuse him of witchcraft. Of course, it was dangerous to attack the hero, who fought hand in hand with the “Virgin”. But he apparently knew about the king’s debts and understood that anyone who frees the monarch from the obligation to pay them will receive anything at all at the expense of others!
Canadian film 1999 of the year. Starring Lily Sobieski. But somehow she is too ... feminine. And by the way, only her hair is long.
The duke recruited a real “creative team led by Jean Le Feron, his treasurer, and the Bishop of Nantes Jean Maltrua. They thought and launched a real PR campaign against de Re in the toughest style - they hired people, recruited Prelati's servants, and they began to tell terrible stories in the markets about missing young children, who were sacrificed to Satan by the unholy de Re during the Black Mass. There is nothing more accurate than dissolving a bad rumor about your enemy.
And why does she have lilies on her armor? A convex incision is not typical for this time. Appeared later!
There will always be those in power who believe him. Gilles de René was arrested, tortured (this is a nobleman!) And he confessed under torture of everything. Well, and then ... then 26 of October 1440 of the year, by the verdict of the bishop's tribunal of Brittany, the wicked baron was burned at the stake, as a dangerous and evil sorcerer. Formally, he was charged on two counts - the practice of alchemy and ... insult to a clergyman. It seems that it is not burned for? But when the king himself wants it, everything is possible. The main thing is that the viewers of his execution in Nantes were sincerely convinced that during his studies with a fortune he killed precisely peasant children. That is, was the "enemy of the people." And in the head of the unfortunate Bretons it was so sunk that then several more generations of their descendants frightened their children. Although, when the writer Charles Perrault already at the beginning of the 18th century went to collect Brittany in Brittany, already killed wives appeared in the stories of the peasants, and for some reason the folk fantasy “stuck” the blue beard to the baron himself.
Battle of Path. Everything was so there that one might think that some Englishmen were simply paid in front of her ...
And the whole story ended in ... 1992, when, on the initiative of the writer-historian Gilbert Prutho, a second trial was initiated in the case of Gilles de Ré, in which he was fully rehabilitated. The archives of the Inquisition showed that there were no tortured peasant children, and the baron did not engage in bloody experiments. And how interesting it happens: there was no such word “PR”, and all its techniques were known and used!
Zhanna - Milla Jovovich, this is probably the best and most memorable "genre" in stories movie.
American specialists in the field of PR have a special role in the development of practical technologies in the field of political campaigns assigned to one of the activists of the War of Independence, S. Adams, who convincingly proved that to exert informational influence on society it is necessary:
- create organizations that can lead mass companies and bring people together;
- use emotional symbols and catchy, catchy slogans;
- organize actions that have a strong emotional impact on the masses;
- be ahead of your opponents in the interpretation of one or another event that is advantageous for you;
- to constantly influence the public opinion of large masses of people by various means.
All these principles became the basis of the practical activities of American PR and ... American concept of public relations. However, if we all apply to a number of historical events, then ... we will see that all of them are really nothing more than properly organized and conducted PR campaigns.
Here it is - the future "Bluebeard", Baron Gilles de Ré. Picture of Gulya de Naval 1835
For example, the story of Joan of Arc. According to such prominent Russian specialists in JI as A.N. Chumikova and MP Bocharova, it is nothing like the most real PR-project. The case, for example, is that, although there are a huge number of different biographical chronicles relating to her life, there is no real information about who the girl Jeanne really was, as there wasn’t before, there isn’t now, although the documents have been looking for centuries . But there are a lot of absurdities and inconsistencies in various documents and chronicles. And for a long time no one paid them any attention, and only later in the archives did they find documents indicating that a significant, if not most, of the chroniclers and all sorts of troubadours who signed Jeanne’s actions turned out to be in the service of King Charles VII. These were his nine court poets and ... whole 22 royal chroniclers. In any case, it is absolutely impossible today to find out where Jeanne d'Arc actually came from: although there is a version that she could be the illegitimate sister of Charles VII; although other historians believe that she was a pupil of the order of the Franciscans. Someone argues that she really was a simple shepherd from the village of Domremy, and went insane as a child. But so many things Jeanne for a simple shepherd knew and knew how! However, wherever it comes from, the “father” of the Great Maiden of France, who became her national symbol and national idea, was none other than Baron Gilles de Ré, from one of the most ancient and noble families in western France - Montmorency and Craon.
Stamp with the emblem of Gilles de Ré, 1429. The Museum of the Vendée.
Today we would call him a "political technologist", and at that time he was just a clever and educated person. He married profitably. On a certain Catherine de Truar, with whom he received more than two million livres of a dowry. With such money, Gilles de Ré was able to achieve the location of the dauphin Charles and as a result gained a place in his entourage. At the same time, he often lent his future king with money and ... thus made him completely addicted to himself. Well, all this happened just during the Hundred Years War, when the French and the British fought because they decided who would inherit the French throne: the English kings on the maternal line of the descendants of Hugo Capeet, or the French representatives of the Valois dynasty. That is, everything was like in a big family, where many old estates remained from the father’s old man, and where relatives divide property and accuse each other of all mortal sins. The fighting, however, were conducted, but rather sluggishly. After all, the overlord could serve 40 days a year or until the provisions were over. Therefore, during the entire war there were no more than a dozen major battles, which took a total of no more than a week in time. But by itself, this situation was very beneficial: any Frenchman, meaning only personal gain, could claim that he recognized either the existing dauphin, Valois's son, or the Englishman's king, a descendant of Queen Margaret, the legitimate daughter of Philip the Fair, who had died in the King's Bose, as his king. France. For wealthy taxpayers - owners of agricultural land and large trading cities - this situation with the variable choice of kings was very convenient: two treasuries in vain offered tax benefits to them, only so that they “became for us”. Having quarreled at a ball or on a hunt, one of the French nobles the next morning found himself on the side of the British, who, by the way, had to experience all the same afterwards during the Rose War. The man went to sleep as a supporter of York, and woke up as a supporter of Lancaster, and the same thing happened only in France before. The French nobility simply blackmailed the Kings of Valois, threatening to enter the Lancaster-Capeti camp, but for loyalty they received land, loans, and titles.
Miniature depicting the burning of Joan. For some reason she is wearing a red dress. Red is the color of nobles! In addition, she was burned as a witch, apostate, a heretic, who again fell into sin and ... where is the yellow cap with devils on her head?
The English economy at that time was more developed, England minted a full-fledged gold coin, so the French landlords, who still paid taxes to the house of Valois, believed that they were a great favor. Moreover, by the beginning of the 15th century almost all had already turned away from the kings of the Valois dynasty. Dauphin Charles was forced to arrange the most real robber raids on their own cities or the possession of still loyal to him seniors, so that at least to get food or money for his usual high society life.
American film 1948 of the year. In the role of Joan of Arc Ingrid Bergman. Pay attention to the helmets - just a class, real bugineta!
And here Gilles de Ré made Karl an interesting offer: he finances the creation of the militia at his own expense and recruits an army of professional soldiers. But the most important thing is that an ordinary country girl comes to the dauphin, asserts that saints came to her in a dream, and prophesies that France will once again become a happy and prosperous power when the dauphin Karl becomes her legitimate king. The army under the leadership of Gilles de Ré inflicts perceptible blows on the possessions of those French lords who pay taxes to the British, and this affects the rest of them soberingly. Well, the "divine" girl will be among the soldiers, people always like this, and they will willingly go to the militia, besides another something equally well-paid work in the country for commoners simply do not.
But Inna clothe in armor. By the way, and her armor is very good!
Well, the most important thing in this venture will be that the French feudal lords, dreaming to go over to the side of the British, will see that Karl is popular with commoners, and that they will set fire to their fields if they do not obey him. Jacquerie ended not too long ago to forget about it, and the memory of the rebellious "zhakh" in the memory of the French nobility was still fresh. No one would want repetitions of that horror, so she would have to make a choice: either to fight against the “holy girl” and the dauphin or ... “Or” nobody wanted to! The church also supported this plan. There are no peasants - no tithes, soldiers rob monasteries, the fear of God is no longer so terrible, and where does it fit? And what is the church in the middle ages? This is, above all, a connection! Beggars monks, from whom they have nothing to take, carry letters in their robes, and even verbally convey orders - to say this and that in the sermon. And now from the ambos of France, it sounds loudly: “Rejoice the brothers and sisters of the good news! For the Immaculate Virgin appeared and gave her power from the Lord, and she performed miracles, and came to the Dauphin, and said that God revealed to her ... ”- and so on, everyone can come up with himself further. The main thing is that it was so, and at the same time almost all over France!
There was such a Jeanne, shot in 1957 year.
The plan was adopted, and its implementation began: the villans (peasants), as well as the impoverished urban poor, went to the militia together, and in the meantime, the troops of Gilles de Ré beat several pro-English French feudal lords and even “liberated” several provinces from the English, where protection of their owners of the owners from ... dauphin were detachments of British soldiers. Thus, as a result of the implementation of this PR campaign, a year later they succeeded in crowning Charles in Reims, Gilles de Ré received the title of Marshal of France and officially became commander-in-chief of the French army, and the dukes and counts ... they were frightened, as Gilles de Ré had assumed , and together they stood in line to venerate the royal monarch, for they immediately sensed her power. The war began to come to an end, and the king suddenly realized that neither Marshal Gilles de Ré nor his cowherd cowboy (whoever she really was!) No longer needed him. The king simply did not want to pay the bills. And here the church again spoke its weighty word. For some reason, right across the whole of France, it was the priests who suddenly announced that God had turned away from Jeanne, punished her for pride, and very soon Jeanne was already truly dead, and from the point of view of the king, very well even died. The Burgundian traitors took her prisoner and sold it to the British - who has the money to sell it to, isn't it? - for 10 thousand pounds. Henry VI ordered her to be burned as a witch in Rouen, and did so, first of all, to cast a shadow on the newly-made French king. But it was too late! Interestingly, there is evidence that later Jeanne “resurrected” at least one more time, when the same Marshal Gilles de Ré took on some of this role a certain Jeanne d'Armoise, who also commanded a small military detachment. She was recognized by Zhanna’s comrades-in-arms, but on the way to Paris, she was stopped by the king’s soldiers, who took her to parliament. There she was convicted of imposture and sentenced to the pillory, but as soon as she confessed in her imposture, as she was immediately released, she went to the estate to her husband. That is, her hubby also had an estate where he was while his wife was trying to be heroic on the battlefield.
French serial 1989 of the year: “Jeanne d'Arc. Power and innocence. Not impressive. From the birthplace of Jeanne could expect more!
Gilles de Ré after his unsuccessful attempt to shove the king a new Joan went to the remote castle of Tiffej, where he spent time surrounded by alchemists and magicians, including well-known master of black magic Francesco Prelati. This circumstance was decided by the duke of Brittany, John V, to whom his lands seemed insufficiently extensive. How to increase them? Yes, it is very easy: to attach several castles to Gilles de Ré, and for this to accuse him of witchcraft. Of course, it was dangerous to attack the hero, who fought hand in hand with the “Virgin”. But he apparently knew about the king’s debts and understood that anyone who frees the monarch from the obligation to pay them will receive anything at all at the expense of others!
Canadian film 1999 of the year. Starring Lily Sobieski. But somehow she is too ... feminine. And by the way, only her hair is long.
The duke recruited a real “creative team led by Jean Le Feron, his treasurer, and the Bishop of Nantes Jean Maltrua. They thought and launched a real PR campaign against de Re in the toughest style - they hired people, recruited Prelati's servants, and they began to tell terrible stories in the markets about missing young children, who were sacrificed to Satan by the unholy de Re during the Black Mass. There is nothing more accurate than dissolving a bad rumor about your enemy.
And why does she have lilies on her armor? A convex incision is not typical for this time. Appeared later!
There will always be those in power who believe him. Gilles de René was arrested, tortured (this is a nobleman!) And he confessed under torture of everything. Well, and then ... then 26 of October 1440 of the year, by the verdict of the bishop's tribunal of Brittany, the wicked baron was burned at the stake, as a dangerous and evil sorcerer. Formally, he was charged on two counts - the practice of alchemy and ... insult to a clergyman. It seems that it is not burned for? But when the king himself wants it, everything is possible. The main thing is that the viewers of his execution in Nantes were sincerely convinced that during his studies with a fortune he killed precisely peasant children. That is, was the "enemy of the people." And in the head of the unfortunate Bretons it was so sunk that then several more generations of their descendants frightened their children. Although, when the writer Charles Perrault already at the beginning of the 18th century went to collect Brittany in Brittany, already killed wives appeared in the stories of the peasants, and for some reason the folk fantasy “stuck” the blue beard to the baron himself.
Battle of Path. Everything was so there that one might think that some Englishmen were simply paid in front of her ...
And the whole story ended in ... 1992, when, on the initiative of the writer-historian Gilbert Prutho, a second trial was initiated in the case of Gilles de Ré, in which he was fully rehabilitated. The archives of the Inquisition showed that there were no tortured peasant children, and the baron did not engage in bloody experiments. And how interesting it happens: there was no such word “PR”, and all its techniques were known and used!
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