Mazepa Code
In the late summer of 1709, the former hetman of Ukraine Ivan Mazepa (Koledinsky) died in terrible agony in the small village of Varnitsa near Bender. He was constantly losing his mind from unbearable, hellish pain resulting from dozens of incurable diseases. And, after regaining consciousness, after a long ridiculous mumbling, he screamed heart-rendingly: “Take away mani — send it away!” (““ Poison to me — poison! ”) ...But since it was always considered an unforgivable sin to poison the Orthodox, even before a grave death, the foremen and servants decided to act according to the old custom - to peck a hole in the ceiling of a peasant hut. To, therefore, facilitate the sinful soul of the dying parting with the mortal body. How can you not remember the old belief: the more a person sins in life, the more painful the death awaits him. And indeed - in the foreseeable past and present of the then Little Russia it was difficult to find a more insidious, evil and vindictive person than Mazepa. He was an example of a classic and complete villain for all times and for all nations. Even though the common morals of the Little Russian politicians of that time did not suffer from special gentry (nobility). It is understandable: people living in the environment of stronger and more powerful neighbors were forced to constantly solve a painful, but inevitable dilemma - for whom it would be more profitable to “cure”. Mazepa unprecedentedly succeeded in solving such problems.
By the time of his death, he had managed to commit to a dozen betrayals of large and unlimited number of petty atrocities.
“In the moral rules of Ivan Stepanovich,” writes historian N.I. Kostomarov, whom you can’t suspect of Russophilia in any way, the trait was rooted in his youth that he, noticing the decline of that power that he had previously relied on, was not hindered by any sensations and impulses, so as not to contribute to the harm of the force that had previously benefited him. Treason to his benefactors has repeatedly been shown in his life. So he cheated on Poland, passing to her sworn enemy Doroshenko; so he left Doroshenko as soon as he saw that his power was vacillating; so, and even more shamelessly, he acted with Samoilovich, who had warmed him up and raised him to the height of the senior rank. He did the same now with his greatest benefactor (Peter I. - M.Z.), before whom he had only recently flattered and humiliated ... Hetman Mazepa, how historical personality, was not represented by any national idea. He was an egoist in the full sense of the word. A Pole in the upbringing and methods of life, he moved to Little Russia and made a career there, faking for the Moscow authorities and not at all stopping at any immoral ways. ”
“He lied to everyone, deceived everyone — both the Poles, the Little Russians, the Tsar, and Karl; he was ready to do evil to everyone as soon as he had the opportunity to get profit.”
The historian Bantysh-Kamensky characterizes Mazepa: “He had the gift of words and the art of convincing. But with the cunning and caution of Vyhovsky he combined in himself the malice, vengefulness and self-devotion of Bryukhovetsky, surpassed Doroshenko in popularity; all of them are ingratitude. "
As always, exhaustively accurately defined the essence of Mazepa A.S. Pushkin: “Some writers wanted to make him a hero of freedom, the new Bogdan Khmelnitsky. History presents him as an ambitious man, rooted in treachery and atrocities, the slanderer of Samoilovich, his benefactor, the destroyer of the father of his unfortunate lover, the traitor Peter before his victory, the traitor Karl after his defeat: his memory, anathematized by the church, cannot escape the curse of mankind. ” And in Poltava he continued: “That he does not know the shrine, / That he does not remember the alms, / That he does not like anything, / that he is ready to pour blood like water, / that he despises freedom, / that there is no homeland for him ".
Finally, an extremely accurate assessment of the villain belongs to the Ukrainian people themselves.
For centuries, the expression “Cursed Mazepa!” Applied not only to a bad person, but to any evil in general. (In Ukraine and in Belarus, Mazepa is a slob, a rude, evil cad - outdated.).
A very remarkable detail. We have reached more than a dozen portraits of this historical figure and even a few canvases with his image. Surprisingly, however, but among them there is no elementary similarity! It seems that this man had many mutually exclusive faces. And birthdays, he has at least five - from 1629 to 1644 years (that’s the political freedom of the hetman’s political fans - to celebrate his “round” anniversaries!). However, the dates of death at Mazepa ... three. Such a slippery. Everything he had was not like people ...
I consciously omit Mazepa's childhood, adolescence and youth. For the devil himself will break his leg in that segment of his flawed biography. Although the following excerpt will be given solely out of respect for the authors' authority: “The one who held this post at that time was a Polish nobleman named Mazepa, born in Podolsk Palatinate; he was a page of Jan Casimir and acquired some European gloss at his court. In his youth, he had an affair with the wife of a Polish nobleman, and his husband's beloved husband, upon learning of this, ordered to tie Mazepa naked to a wild horse and release her to freedom. The horse was from Ukraine and ran there, bringing Mazepa, half-dead from fatigue and hunger, with her. He was sheltered by local peasants; he lived among them for a long time and distinguished himself in several raids on the Tatars. Due to the superiority of his mind and education, he enjoyed great honor among the Cossacks, his fame grew more and more, so the king was forced to declare him Ukrainian hetman. ” This is a quote from Byron, given in French, taken from Voltaire.
True, it is difficult not to marvel at how two eminent European creators were led to an elementary notion. For this in reality could not be by definition. And willy-nilly, you still think: it’s not for nothing that so prominent Europeans began to poeticize the "Hochlach Judas" so long ago. They even claimed that "the king was forced." That is, an upstart nobleman and the greatest monarch in the history of mankind were put on equal terms.
All contemporaries of Mazepa unanimously claim that he was a “magician”. Probably because it was believed that it was difficult for them to explain the incredible ability of this talented rogue to impress people and instill confidence in them.
Meanwhile, it was precisely such insidious abilities (he owned hypnosis in elementary fashion!) And brought Mazepa to the pinnacle of power.
When Pavlo Teteria was the hetman of Right-Bank Ukraine, Mazepa entered his service. Hetmans at that time changed, like gloves from a naughty lady. And Teterya was replaced by Petro Doroshenko. He is naturally “enchanted” by the young gentry, appoints him the general clerk — the personal secretary and the head of his office. In this case, Hetman Doroshenko led a complex, triple game. Remaining the subjects of the Polish king, he sent his secretary to the hetman of Left-Bank Ukraine Ivan Samoilovich with assurances that he wanted to serve the Russian tsar. But after a few months he sent the same Mazepa to the Turkish Sultan - to ask for help from the eternal enemy of the Orthodox. As a gift, the Turks presented “yasyk” - fifteen slaves from the Cossacks, captured on the left side of the Dnieper. Along the way, Mazepa and the “goodies” captured Zaporizhzhya Cossacks, led by ataman Ivan Sirko. Thus, the famous letter to the Turkish Sultan Mahomet IV wrote with his Cossacks: “You are a piggy muzzle, a mare of asshole, a biting dog, an unbaptized forehead, your mother .... You will not be pigs and Christian maw. Now it is over, because the numbers are not known, the calendar is not May, but a day such as you, for which a kiss to sraku us! ”
And now I ask myself a question that no one can ever answer. Why did the devotee Samoilovich (and the Russian tsar also!) Ataman Sirko, this fierce defender of the Orthodox, a sworn enemy of the Tatars and Turks, did not cut off Mazepa's head on the spot because he, a scumbag, carried fifteen Russian souls into slavery? After all, Ivan Dmitrievich always ruthlessly exterminated the accomplices of the busurman. And then he took and sent "vile vrazhin" to hetman Samoilovich. Just as Providence was determined to make sure: how low and meanly Mazepa's soul can still fall.
Here, on the Left Bank, another, almost unbelievable, in any case, difficult to explain is happening - it is Mazepa, as his confidant, Samoylovich sends to Moscow for negotiations. There, his broken commissioner meets with ... the Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich himself! And then many more times he goes to the Russian capital, strengthening his own authority now. Omitting countless tactical and strategic moves of Mazepa, between which he successfully “merged” Samoylovich and his entire family, where he was almost a loved one, we note only that 25 July 1687 gets tricky corps through bribing the Russian top officials of “sticky” (symbols) Hetman's power - mace and horsetail.
During the reign of Mazepa, the enslavement of the pospolites (the peasants were called then) took on a particularly wide scale.
And the hetman became the largest serf owner on both sides of the Dnieper. In Ukraine (at that time Getmanshchina), he took to hands about 20 thousands of households. In Russia - many more than 5 thousands. In total, Mazepa had over 100 thousands of serf souls. Not a single hetman before him and after could boast such fabulous wealth.
At that time, very serious tectonic shifts of the empire took place in Russia, as a result of which Peter I ascended the throne. You will laugh, but with the young tsar Mazepa you rubbed in with incredible trust almost immediately. Even now it is hard to believe, but in 1700, Mazepa receives the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called - the highest Russian award for number XXUMX! (the first awarded Prince Ivan Golovin). It seems that the czar hetman liked the Russian Tsar strongly, although the age difference that separated them was 2 of the year.
And it’s not by chance that Mazepa wrote Peter: “Our people are stupid and inconstant. Let the great sovereign not too give faith to the Little Russian people, let him deign, without delay, send a good army of soldiers to Ukraine to keep the Little Russian people in obedience and loyal citizenship. ”
Incidentally, this is about the delight of some historians about Mazepa’s longest Hetman’s rule — twenty-one years — and about his supposedly passionate desire for Ukraine’s independence at any price. Not to mention the so-called Kolomatsk articles, signed personally by the hetman when he took office. There, in black and white, it is stated that Ukraine prohibits any foreign relations. It was forbidden to appoint a hetman and foremen without the consent of the king. But they all received the Russian nobility and the inviolability of estates. And let, where is the "struggle for the independence of Ukraine"? Yes, for two decades Mazepa strictly carried out the will of Peter I. And he did the right thing. Only he did it exclusively to his advantage. There is no "nezalezhnosti" does not even smell. It smelled later, when the hetman defective in all moral parameters for some reason believed that the invincible Swedish army would crush the forces of the emerging Russian Empire. It was then that the first time the bestial, wolfish gut Mazepa firmly let him down. Vestimo, how much rope does not curl ... But before recalling the final fall of the hetman, as a politician, let us dwell on his most ugly human meanness ...
The first song of Pushkin's “Poltava”, who has not forgotten, begins like this: “Kochubey is rich and glorious”. And further: "But Kochubey is rich and proud / Not long-fryed horses, / Not golden, a tribute to the Crimean hordes, / Not generic farms, / His beautiful daughter / Old Kochubey is proud." For many years almost the same age (Mazepa is older than Kochubey for a year), they were friends - do not spill water. And even intermarried: hetman's nephew, Obidovskiy, married Kochubey’s eldest daughter, Anna, and Kochubeyevna’s younger daughter, Matryona, Mazepa became the godfather. I, in Ukraine, cronyism since ancient times is worshiped as a spiritual kinship. The godparents take care of the godchildren until they are on their feet, and then the godchildren should take care of their godmother parents. In 1702, Mazepa buried his wife and widowed for two years. At that time he was well over sixty, and Matryona Kochubey - sixteen (in the Poltava she is Maria). The difference in the most conservative estimates - in half a century. And the old man decided to marry a young goddaughter, although he had seduced her mother before. “The Magician” used all the methods of his seduction: “My little heart,” “my heart-hearted kohan,” “I kiss all your little white calves,” “remember your words, according to my oath, at the very moment when you left my chambers. "I am waiting for the news from Your Grace with a great heart of anguish, and you know very well what matters." From Mazepa's letters, it can be seen that Matrona, who responded to his feelings, is angry that the hetman sent her home, that her parents scolded her. Mazepa is indignant and calls her mother “a little girl” - the executioner, advises in extreme cases to go to the monastery. Naturally, the parents strongly opposed the possible marriage. The official reason for the refusal was a church ban on marriages between the godfather and the goddaughter. However, the quirky Mazepa would not have sent the matchmakers if he had not expected that the church authorities, who were superbly nurtured by it, would lift the ban for him. Most likely, the Kochubeis were well aware of what kind of “halepu” (attack) a cunning and wicked bridegroom could bring to their entire family. Yes, over time, and Matryona got rid of delusions:
“I see that your Grace has completely changed with its love for me. As you know, your will, do what you want! You will regret later. ” And Mazepa fulfilled his threats in full.
By the direct (and this is established exactly!) Libel of Mazepa, Kochubey and Colonel Zakhar Iskra, the tsar's subjects were sentenced to death and were given to a hetman for a demonstrative execution. Before execution, Mazepa ordered once more to torture Kochubei so that he would give out where his money and valuable property were hidden. Kochubey was burned with hot iron all night before the execution, and he told everything. These "bloody money" came to the hetman's treasury. 14 July 1708, innocent sufferers have their heads chopped off. The decapitated bodies of Kochubey and Iskra were transferred to relatives and buried in the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. An inscription was carved on the tombstone: “Because death commanded us to be silent, / This stone about us owes people the things: / For loyalty to the Monarch and our devotion / Suffering and death, we drank the cup”.
... And a couple of months after this execution, Mazepa betrayed Peter I.
From the first steps of the Swedish troops on the Ukrainian land, the population offered them strong resistance. Mazepa was not easy to justify in front of Charles for the "unreasonableness of his people." They both realized that they were mistaken - both in each other and in strategic calculations - each. However, the cunning, the meanness and the exorbitant lowland of Mazepa had not yet been fully exhausted. He sent to the king Colonel Apostol with a proposal, no less, to betray the hands of Peter the Swedish king and the generals! Instead of boorishly, he asked for even more: complete forgiveness and the return of the former hetman's dignity. The proposal was more than extraordinary. After consulting with the ministers, the king agreed. For a blazer. He understood perfectly well: Mazepa was bluffing suicidely. Forces to capture Charles, he was not observed. Colonel Apostol and many of his comrades joined the ranks of Peter the Great's troops.
As you know, after the historic battle of Poltava Mazepa fled with Karl and the remnants of his troops. The king really wanted to get the hetman and offered the Turks a lot of money for his extradition. But Mazepa paid three times more and thus paid off. Then an angry Peter Alekseevich ordered to make a special order "to commemorate the betrayal of the hetman." A bizarre "reward" was a circle weighing 5 kg, made of silver. The circle depicted Judas Iscariot hanging on an aspen. Below is a bunch of 30 pieces of silver. The inscription reads: “The perishing son of Judah is being repulsed, even if he suffers for avarice.” The church gave the name Mazepa anathema. And again from “Poltava” of Pushkin: “Mazepa has been forgotten for a long time; / Only in the triumphant shrine / Once a year it is anathema to this day, / The storm threatens the cathedral about him”.
For several centuries the name of the contemptible traitor was considered even indecent to mention in serious writings.
Only a few Ukrainian russophobes, such as A. Ogloblin, tried to whitewash the “dog of the curse” (as expressed by Taras Shevchenko). This, if I may say so, historian during the fascist occupation became the burgomaster of Kiev. His rule was marked by mass executions at Babi Yar. After the war, Ogloblin fled to the United States. His main book, the monograph “Getman Ivan Mazepa and his rule,” the fascist burgomaster wrote on the 250 anniversary of the traitor’s death (how, however, all vile people cling to each other tenaciously!) In his opinion, the goals of the traitor hetman were noble, his ideas were bold. Just in case: "He wanted to restore the powerful autocratic hetman power and the construction of a European-type power, with the savings of the Cossack system." I only wonder who would let him do it in those times?
And yet, truly, with a state, so to speak, scale, reanimated the memory of “Hochlaack Judas” by another Judas - at first the main ideologue of Leninism-communism in Ukraine, and after the first market driver of mayhem Leonid Kravchuk.
The nickname, by the way, is taken from his personal youthful poetic exercises: “Jude I. Iscariot! ”
... I will never forget the summer of 1991. Then the largest part of the Soviet army passed under the jurisdiction of Ukraine: 14 motorized rifles, 4 tank, 3 artillery divisions and 8 artillery brigades, 4 special forces brigades, 2 airborne brigades, 9 air defense brigades, 7 combat helicopter regiments, three air armies (about 1100 combat aircraft) and a separate air defense army. The general centrifugal euphoric force of the collapse of everything and everything captured me, the then Soviet colonel. Sinful, sporadic thoughts flickered in an inflamed brain, and not go to me, a Ukrainian, to serve in Ukraine?
I thank God for not yielding to a spontaneous feeling.
But the philosophizing of the director of the Center for Ukrainian Studies at the Kiev National University named after T.G. Shevchenko, Academician of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Doctor of History Vladimir Sergiychuk. In Soviet times, this learned man modestly and quietly engaged in agriculture. And in Nezalezhnaya he became one of the first researchers of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) and the exploits of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA): “Yes, Mazepa changed the Russian Tsar, but he did it in the name of the Ukrainian people, in the name of Ukraine. The condition that Karl XII will be the protector of our country, that is, he will take Ukraine under his care, at that time it was quite profitable for Ukraine. Mazepa was the real father of the Ukrainian nation! But nothing will help those scored people who don’t want to be interested in their own history. ”
The Kiev political analyst Dmitry Vydrin has become an even more “progressive” ideologue in this direction: “Out of the aggregate of thousands of betrayals, our country was born. We betrayed everything! We gave one oath and kissed one banner. Then they betrayed this oath and banner, began to kiss another banner. Almost all of our leaders are former communists, who swore to one ideals, and then cursed the ideals to which they swore. From all this cumulative action, where there were thousands of small, large and medium betrayals, in fact, this country was born. That is how Ukrainian politics, our worldview and morality were formed. Betrayal is the foundation on which we stand, on which we have built our biographies, careers, destinies and everything else. ”
And we are still surprised: how is it that the brothers and sisters of Ukraine reconcile themselves to the rampage of frankly fascist Bendera; how in their veins blood does not run cold from the Odessa Katyn; why many Ukrainian mothers, instead of solidly and sacrificially speaking out against the fratricidal war, are showing the president claims: our sons do not have bullet-proof vests, they have little ammunition and they are poorly fed. Yes, this is all a direct consequence of the current "national Ukrainian idea: we Ukrainians are traitors, and this is our strength!"
The decayed bones of Pan Mazepa fit to dance: “shche ne vmerl” Ukraine in his mind.
She is not all, of course, but a significant part of her is honoring and praying for him, despite all his transcendent atrocities. Truly the plague of mazepia is raging now in Ukraine.
Woe to that nation whose national heroes include such flawed personalities as Mazepa, Petlyura, Bandera, Shukhevych, etc. On their examples it is good to grow up maydanuty gopnik.
When the glorious deeds of bastard Mazepa are shoved as a model for imitation of a fighter, the fighter will act accordingly. Do not understand this? But they really do not understand.
... After the film “Prayer for Hetman Mazepa” by the famous film director Yu. Ilyenko, I met with my old friend, now deceased artist Bogdan Stupka, who played the title role. Our long-standing relationship (we were familiar with 1970 of the year) allowed a serious degree of mutual candor. And without further ado, I asked: “Butting, why did you take Mazepa?”. “Well, you are a smart person and you should understand that there are no forbidden roles for an actor. The meaner the hero, the more interesting it is to play. ” “I agree with you, if this is Richard III. He is always outside the ideological framework. But in this case, you understood perfectly well that the ardent nationalist Ilyenko used both you and your name to spoil Russia with his movie shop. Okay, let's leave out of the brackets the fact that Yura (we were also old acquaintances with him) - the scriptwriter, director, cameraman, actor, and his son played the young Mazepa. But in the same place there are rivers of blood, heads are chopped up like cabbage, and Kochubey's wife, Lyubov Fyodorovna, masturbates with her husband's severed head. Peter I rapes his soldiers. Did it not jarred you? And this episode: Peter I is standing over Mazepa's grave, a hetman’s hand appears from under the ground and grabs the king by the throat — didn’t hesitate too? ”
Bogdan Silvestrovich was silent for a long time and painfully. Then he said: “How is it sung: do not rash me salt on the wound. Soon I will be at Bortko, I hope, I will play Taras Bulba. So I rehabilitate myself before the people. ” A great, world-class actor, he certainly understood that Yuri Gerasimovich simply “used” him as an old friend. And his role is a catastrophic failure. It could not have been otherwise. As well as the film itself was a killer failure. He was sent to the Berlin Film Festival. However, there the tape was shown only in the film category ... for people with non-traditional sexual orientation!
Then we continued the conversation about Mazepa. And they came to a common conclusion.
If the criminal Koledinsky for the ears did not attract the current Ukrainian upstart politicians in the current ideology, then we would have remembered him more often than other hetmans.
And so his personality is too demonized. Meanwhile, he was an elementary, albeit very angry, rascal. It's a shame that the current Ukrainian authorities like it so much.
... You can talk, write and broadcast as much as you like about how prominent the statesman was Mazepa, 305 who left our mortal world years ago. It is enough to go to the Ukrainian Wikipedia and see the countless transfer of merits of the glorious patriot of the "Nezalezhnoy Ukraine" Ivan Stepanovich: and the polyglot he, and the patron, and the temple builder, and the poet, and lover, and the "magician", and ... But then you remember Pushkin: "However Well what a disgusting thing! Not a single kind, benevolent feeling! Not a single consoling trait! Temptation, enmity, treason, deceit, cowardice, ferocity. " And everything falls into place.
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