On the submarine
Writes Mikhail Mikhin
Multipurpose nuclear submarine (APL) pr.971, class "Leopard"
The multipurpose nuclear submarine (APL) pr. 971 (class "Bars") was created by the design office "Malachite" (Leningrad) by order of 1976, based on the nuclear submarine pr. 945 using the existing tactical and technical tasks without preliminary design. According to the TTZ, the noise level of the new submarine Ave 971 should be no less than 5 times less than the noise of the most advanced generation of domestic torpedo boats 2. The technical design of the new submarine was approved in September of 1977. Later, changes were made to it, due to increased requirements for sonar and armament. The project was completed in 1980, and the boat received a new digital hydroacoustic complex with enhanced characteristics and an armament control system ensuring the use of cruise missiles of the “Granat” type.
The multipurpose nuclear submarine (APL) pr. 971 is intended for carrying out independent operations against submarines and surface ships, attacking coastal targets, conducting anti-submarine defense of warships and convoys, fighting on communications with the aim of hampering enemy shipments, etc. The submarine pr. 971 has a comprehensive automation of combat and technical equipment, while the control of the ship and its armament is concentrated in a single center - the main command post. Integrated automation has reduced the crew of the boat to 73 people, incl. 31 officer (crew of the American submarine of the type "Los Angeles" 141 people). Compared to the new submarine of the 671РТМ project, the living conditions of the new submarine have been improved.
The submarine pr. 971 is a two-hull single-rotor submarine with high fodder plugs, on which is mounted a fairing for a towed antenna. The body, made of high-strength steel with a yield strength of 100 kgf / mm2, has an anti-acoustical coating and is divided into 7 compartments. A single-shaft one-reactor nuclear power plant, type OK-650B, is used as the propulsion system. Great speeds are provided by the main turbo-gear unit GTZA, and the silent ones when searching for a target - the rowing electric motor. The noise level of the submarine Ave 971, which was determined during the tests, determines the qualitatively higher level of acoustic secrecy.
The nuclear submarine pr. 971 is distinguished by powerful percussion weapons, which by the number and caliber of torpedo tubes, the total rocket and torpedo ammunition, far exceeds the potentials of similar domestic and foreign submarines. The nose torpedo-missile complex includes four 533-mm and four 650-mm torpedo tubes with a total ammunition load of up to 40 units: torpedoes - 28 533-mm of USET-80 type and XGNUMX 12-650-mm of 65-76 type; anti-submarine guided missiles "Waterfall"; Sea-based cruise missiles "Granat"; anti-ship missiles "Turquoise".
Hydroacoustic complex (GAK) МГК-540 “Skat-3” (developed nasal antenna, 2 long-range on-board antennas, towed extended antenna in a container on vertical tail) with a digital information processing system features a powerful sound-finding and sonar system. Provides target detection at a distance of 3 times as large as generation 2 boats with a significant reduction in the time required to determine the parameters of the movement of the target. In addition to GAK NPS, pr. 971 has a highly efficient, unparalleled, system for detecting submarines and surface ships of the enemy along the wake, the equipment of which records such a trace many hours later after their passage.
According to the NATO classification, nuclear submarines of 971 are designated as Akula. Therefore, by order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy from 10.10.1990, the K-317 boat was given the name "Panther". Later on, other submarines of this project received names. The boat K-480 received the name "Bars", which has become a household word for all nuclear-powered ships, pr.971. In December, 1997, at the request of Tatarstan, Bars was renamed Ak-Bars. According to the chief designer of the project G.N. Chernysheva (died in 1997), Bars has great modernization capabilities, which allows, in particular, to increase the search potential of a nuclear-powered ship approximately 3 times.
Each boat pr. 971 is capable of creating a threat and forging a significant sea grouping of the enemy. Even in the most favorable hydrological conditions of the Barents Sea, in the winter, these submarines can be detected by Los Angeles-type boats with GAK AM / VQQ-5 at a distance of no more than 10 km, and under worst conditions, submersibles of the Bars class submersible can be found. is impossible. According to the head of the operational department of the US Navy, Admiral D. Burd, the American ships are not able to accompany these boats when moving at speeds of less than 6-9 nodes. In his opinion, the improved submarine of the 971 pr., According to the noise characteristics, meets the requirements for 4-generation boats.
The multipurpose nuclear submarine (APL) pr. 971 (class "Bars") was created by the design office "Malachite" (Leningrad) by order of 1976, based on the nuclear submarine pr. 945 using the existing tactical and technical tasks without preliminary design. According to the TTZ, the noise level of the new submarine Ave 971 should be no less than 5 times less than the noise of the most advanced generation of domestic torpedo boats 2. The technical design of the new submarine was approved in September of 1977. Later, changes were made to it, due to increased requirements for sonar and armament. The project was completed in 1980, and the boat received a new digital hydroacoustic complex with enhanced characteristics and an armament control system ensuring the use of cruise missiles of the “Granat” type.
The multipurpose nuclear submarine (APL) pr. 971 is intended for carrying out independent operations against submarines and surface ships, attacking coastal targets, conducting anti-submarine defense of warships and convoys, fighting on communications with the aim of hampering enemy shipments, etc. The submarine pr. 971 has a comprehensive automation of combat and technical equipment, while the control of the ship and its armament is concentrated in a single center - the main command post. Integrated automation has reduced the crew of the boat to 73 people, incl. 31 officer (crew of the American submarine of the type "Los Angeles" 141 people). Compared to the new submarine of the 671РТМ project, the living conditions of the new submarine have been improved.
The submarine pr. 971 is a two-hull single-rotor submarine with high fodder plugs, on which is mounted a fairing for a towed antenna. The body, made of high-strength steel with a yield strength of 100 kgf / mm2, has an anti-acoustical coating and is divided into 7 compartments. A single-shaft one-reactor nuclear power plant, type OK-650B, is used as the propulsion system. Great speeds are provided by the main turbo-gear unit GTZA, and the silent ones when searching for a target - the rowing electric motor. The noise level of the submarine Ave 971, which was determined during the tests, determines the qualitatively higher level of acoustic secrecy.
The nuclear submarine pr. 971 is distinguished by powerful percussion weapons, which by the number and caliber of torpedo tubes, the total rocket and torpedo ammunition, far exceeds the potentials of similar domestic and foreign submarines. The nose torpedo-missile complex includes four 533-mm and four 650-mm torpedo tubes with a total ammunition load of up to 40 units: torpedoes - 28 533-mm of USET-80 type and XGNUMX 12-650-mm of 65-76 type; anti-submarine guided missiles "Waterfall"; Sea-based cruise missiles "Granat"; anti-ship missiles "Turquoise".
Hydroacoustic complex (GAK) МГК-540 “Skat-3” (developed nasal antenna, 2 long-range on-board antennas, towed extended antenna in a container on vertical tail) with a digital information processing system features a powerful sound-finding and sonar system. Provides target detection at a distance of 3 times as large as generation 2 boats with a significant reduction in the time required to determine the parameters of the movement of the target. In addition to GAK NPS, pr. 971 has a highly efficient, unparalleled, system for detecting submarines and surface ships of the enemy along the wake, the equipment of which records such a trace many hours later after their passage.
According to the NATO classification, nuclear submarines of 971 are designated as Akula. Therefore, by order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy from 10.10.1990, the K-317 boat was given the name "Panther". Later on, other submarines of this project received names. The boat K-480 received the name "Bars", which has become a household word for all nuclear-powered ships, pr.971. In December, 1997, at the request of Tatarstan, Bars was renamed Ak-Bars. According to the chief designer of the project G.N. Chernysheva (died in 1997), Bars has great modernization capabilities, which allows, in particular, to increase the search potential of a nuclear-powered ship approximately 3 times.
Each boat pr. 971 is capable of creating a threat and forging a significant sea grouping of the enemy. Even in the most favorable hydrological conditions of the Barents Sea, in the winter, these submarines can be detected by Los Angeles-type boats with GAK AM / VQQ-5 at a distance of no more than 10 km, and under worst conditions, submersibles of the Bars class submersible can be found. is impossible. According to the head of the operational department of the US Navy, Admiral D. Burd, the American ships are not able to accompany these boats when moving at speeds of less than 6-9 nodes. In his opinion, the improved submarine of the 971 pr., According to the noise characteristics, meets the requirements for 4-generation boats.
On the pier at the submarine BBB is on duty - armed upper watch.
The crew consists entirely of contract soldiers. There are no sailors of military service on the "Panther". This can be easily explained - professionals should serve in the forces of constant readiness. In the crew of the sub, professionals need real ones. Not fake. Inquired from fellow sailors at the expense of hardship and deprivation. Submariners for the beginning kept silent, then they thought and said: you cannot smoke on a submarine. And on a long hike, too, is impossible. Non-smokers do not understand, and smokers do not need to explain.
And now the impressions and the results of the observations: what surprised right away is the cabin, which rises above the hull - “uninhabitable”. Inside it is a bit dark, whole sheaves of pipes stick out everywhere, some valves are poked everywhere, small square hatches are cut through in some places, a special steel flooring that looks like a footpath under my feet. The metal "path" led the vigorous Moscow traveler to the hatch leading into the bowels of a combat submarine ship. Luke, generally speaking, is of normal diameter, but I am somewhat abnormal. Plus - thermal underwear, sweatshirt, thick jacket - “Alaska” with a hood, special pants, mittens, hat and backpack with photographic equipment.
About to climb inside with a backpack on his shoulders - there could be no question. It is impossible to lower it down in any way, the hatch is high, the backpack is heavy, the load inside is fragile. Throwing someone down is dangerous. Hands will break, glass will beat. I made a willful decision to put the backpack on my head and go down without seeing exactly where. So did. I barely squeezed through. It was very funny to go down. To rise, of course, was even funnier, but why not do it for the sake of a rare frame!
In the central post.
Inside the submarine, it should be noted, everything looked completely different. Than outside. Not to say that the circle has become very spacious, but I have not noticed the narrowness. Having looked around in the central post, admiring the views of Gadzhiyevo through the commander's periscope, I went on an improvised excursion accompanied by the assistant commander. So that no one uncontrollably dangled anywhere, sailors were positioned everywhere, politely directing the lost to the true path. A very correct line of conduct, I think.
Found a rest room and psychological relief for the crew, examined live plants in the niches and a small sauna. Upon reflection, he headed, of course, to the galley. To be honest, as the theater begins with a hanger, so the press tour to the fleet or into the army begins with a galley. So - in the galley reigns full order, food is always tasty, varied, four times. Red wine crew also gets it true. They say it has nothing to do with the conclusion of some mythical radionuclides, but it is quite suitable for psychological relief after a watch. For a sweet crew, for example, chocolate. One of the chocolates managed to get out as a souvenir. A small tile with the inscription "Guards" (he then comraded voutsen_cv). I drank a seagull, boiling, of course, right on the atomic reactor. And went further.
The commander of the submarine, captain 1 rank Sergei E. Starshinov at the commander's periscope.
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