How did Ukraine originate?
"The Galician SS men are going into battle." Poster of the SS Division Galicia with the coat of arms of Galicia and a quote from Adolf Hitler. 1943
The concept of “Ukrainianism” became widespread at the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century in Austro-Hungarian Galicia, then in the Russian Empire, both among the Ukrainophiles themselves and among their opponents – representatives of the Russian (Russophile) movement.
The essence of Ukrainians
The essence of Ukrainianness was well expressed in his work “Ukrainians and We” from 1939 by the Russian nationalist and monarchist Vasily Shulgin. The future prominent politician of the Russian Empire was born in Kyiv and knew well the political kitchen of the then Little Russia.
Shulgin considered Ukrainians a typical sect and identified three categories of Ukrainians:
"1. Honest, but ignorant. These are the ones who are being deceived.
2. Knowledgeable, but dishonest; Their calling is to deceive the “younger brother.”
3. Knowledgeable and honest. These are maniacs of schism; they deceive themselves."
The first category now represents the overwhelming majority of the population of modern Ukraine. People who have been brainwashed for generations about the “ancient stories Ukraine", "Ukrainian people", "heroes of Ukraine", who in reality were murderers, executioners and traitors to their people.
Moreover, over the last ten years this propaganda has become aggressive, in fact, a state ideology. People are “zombified” about Ukrainianness from a young age. And those who try to go against this line are “cleaned out.” Up to physical liquidation. This is how the talented Little Russian historian and publicist Oles Alekseevich Buzina was shot dead in Kyiv in 2015.
In his works, in particular in “The Secret History of Ukraine-Rus,” Buzina perfectly showed that Ukrainian statehood was created artificially. That radical Ukrainianism and the propaganda of the ideological heritage of Bandera’s followers, the OUN is leading Ukraine to disaster. They killed him for telling the truth.
The other two categories of Ukrainians deceive the rest and lead their flock to slaughter. The main field of their activity is information and history. This allows you to manage the present and program the future.
As Shulgin noted:
“As historians, other Ukrainianists prove that not only at the present time the people living from the Carpathians to the Caucasus are the Ukrainian people, but that they have always, at all times, been such.”
Ancient Ukrainian history
The Ukrainian “historians” did not split hairs and simply attributed most of the history of united Rus' and the superethnos of the Rus-Russians to the history of the “Ukrainian people”. Russian princes, governors, cities became “Ukrainian”. The Russian state turned into a “Ukrainian” one.
They began to rewrite history at the beginning of the 20th century, when the Ukrainian sect received support from Austria-Hungary.
The Austrian authorities were afraid of neighboring Russia that St. Petersburg would sooner or later demand the return of the historical Carpathian and Galician Rus'. The Germans were preparing for war with Russia and prepared in advance a heterogeneous fifth column, including Ukrainian nationalists. At that time, in Austrian Galicia, in the Carpathian region, the position of the Rusyns (a historical part of the Russian ethnic group, which has its own ethnographic characteristics) was strong, and the Germans were afraid of separatist sentiments.
During the First World War, the Austrian authorities, with the support of Ukrainians, staged a real genocide of Russian-Rusyns in Galicia (The history of the destruction of Russian Galicia; "Gallows and executions - without counting, without edge and end." How Russians were destroyed in Galicia), exterminating Russians only because they wanted to preserve their Russianness (language, culture, identity). Now this story has been repeated throughout Little Rus' (Russian Ukraine-outskirts). As the Russian historian V. O. Klyuchevsky noted, history “punishes for ignorance of the lessons.”
In 1917, a Ukrainian series of postcards was released. Among them was this: under the image of Prince Svyatoslav and his squad was signed: “We will not disgrace the Ukrainian land.” This was intended directly for the illiterate Russian-Little Russian villagers, who did not know history and received information based on simple pictures.
Since then, Princess Olga, Vladimir the Baptist, Yaroslav the Wise, Vladimir Monomakh and other great Russian rulers have been included in the “great Ukrainians”. They stole the “Russian Truth” (code of laws), forgetting to mention the “Russian”, the chronicle of Nestor, etc.
It is interesting that even then Shulgin quite accurately noted:
“We should never forget that now, as before, Ukrainians rely on popular ignorance. Enlightenment is the same enemy for them as the dawn is for evil spirits. On the contrary, our slogan should be: “Long live the sun, let the darkness disappear!”
In conditions when, after the collapse of the USSR, there was a total degradation of culture, science and education, their simplification, and also the means of propaganda increased many times over (many TV channels, the Internet, social networks), this is an ageless truth. Simplification, degradation and ignorance - this is what the Ukrainians, their Kyiv and foreign masters, are relying on, and they are getting all the money.
Ukraine is true Rus'
Unfortunately, even during the period of the Russian Empire, the authorities looked complacently at the distortion and rewriting of Russian history. And in the Soviet period, the Ukrainian SSR and the “Ukrainian people” were simply created by directive, separating the southern part of the Little Russians (southern Russes), and the writing of the “History of the Ukrainian SSR” began.
The period of the Lithuanian-Polish occupation of Southern and Western Rus' was given poorly, like the history of a Russian power with a predominantly Russian population - the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Russia. Therefore, after the destruction of Kyiv by Batu’s horde, Southern Rus' simply disappeared for the common man. From this moment on, there is a tabula rasa (from Latin - “clean slate”). The southern part of the Rus-Russians disappears, and after a while Poles and Cossacks appear.
Ukrainian Cossacks immediately registered as “Ukrainians.” And the fact that Bogdan Khmelnitsky fought all his life for the “Russian name” is generally unknown to ordinary people, or causes bewilderment. Ukrainians simply rewrite all historical sources. In all cases that are inconvenient for them, they remove the word “Russian” and write “Ukrainian” instead.
As part of the development of Ukrainians, the idea “Ukraine is true Rus' (Russia)” was created. Its essence is that only Ukraine is real Rus', real historical Russians are “Ukrainians”. The real Russian language is the Ukrainian language. The fact that in the XII–XIII centuries. was called the Kyiv, Chernigov, Pereyaslav, Galician lands and their neighboring regions, and not Novgorod, not Suzdal, not Vladimir, not Moscow. With the decline of the Kievan state in the 13th century, the name “Rus” passed not to the Vladimir-Suzdal principality, and then to the Moscow principality, but to the Galician-Volyn principality, and the name “Rus” and “Rusyns” were preserved in Galicia, Volyn and Subcarpathian or Ugric Rus'.
The terms “Little and Great Rus'” were introduced in Byzantium. After the Metropolitan moved from Kiev, the Greeks, first to Vladimir and then to Moscow, began to call the Metropolis of Kyiv “Little Russia,” which supposedly meant the main Rus', and the Metropolis of Moscow “Great Russia,” i.e., the new Russia. Ivan Kalita took the title “Grand Duke of All Rus'”. From that time on, the Moscow Grand Dukes and Tsars began to be written as “Grand Dukes of All Rus'”, or later “Tsars of All Rus'”.
According to this concept, Muscovy, Muscovite Rus' is not real Rus', and “Muscovites-Muscovites” are not Russians. Ukraine and Ukrainians are genuine Rus', real Russians. The “Moscow people” are a mixture of a small part of the Slavic colonists who went to the east, and a mass of Finno-Ugric and Turkic tribes and nationalities. “Ukrainian people” are the true heirs of the ancient Slavs-Russians. The ancient Russian culture in Muscovy was gradually replaced by the way of life of the Tatar conquerors.
This is where today’s claims of the Kyiv rulers to Russian lands flow. The Slavic population, now living from the Carpathians to the Caucasus, from ancient times to the present day, calls itself Russian, this is the true Russian people. Today's Ukrainians. And the “Muscovites-Muscovites” are supposedly a mixed race of descendants of Finno-Ushrians and Turks, which took the name “Russian people”. Originally from the Russian Rurik dynasty, which moved to Vladimir and Moscow from Kyiv; and later - from the original Russian people who became part of Muscovy at the initiative of Bogdan Khmelnitsky in 1654 (Reunification of Rus': “so that everyone may be one forever”).
Polish fairy tale
In fact, Ukrainian ideologists did not come up with anything themselves. They repeated the Polish story, which the Polish lords and Jesuits came up with in order to tear Little Rus' (former Kyiv, Galician, Chernigov, Pereyaslavl Rus') away from the united Rus'. In order to suppress the self-awareness of the Russian people living on the Dnieper, to gradually Polish and Catholicize them.
After the divisions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, when the Russian Empire returned most of the lands of Western Rus', the Polish aristocracy, offended by the deprivation of Polish statehood (for this event, the Polish gentlemen only themselves were to blame), began talking about a special Ukrainian identity. They wanted to prove that there were no Russians within the borders of the destroyed Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and that Catherine II in vain ordered that “rejected returned” be minted on medals in memory of the partitions.
This idea was scientifically formulated by the Polish researcher and freemason Count Jan Potocki (1761–1815). In 1796, in his book “Historical and Geographical Fragments about Scythia, Sarmatia and the Slavs,” Pototsky expressed the idea that Ukrainians are a completely special people, different from Russians.
The Polish publicist Tadeusz (Thaddeus) Chatsky (1765–1813), in his work “On the Ukrainian Land and the Beginning of the Cossacks,” began to separate the Ukrainians from the Ukrainians, who were supposedly a wild Slavic horde that came to the Dnieper from the Volga region in the first centuries of our era.
In the first quarter of the 19th century, a special “Ukrainian” school of Polish scientists and poets was formed, which produced extremely talented representatives. K. Svidzinsky, Goshchinsky, M. Grabovsky, E. Gulikovsky, B. Zalessky and many others continued to develop the principles laid by Pototsky and Chatsky, and prepared the ideological foundation on which the building of Ukrainianism was created. Ukrainian ideology had all its roots in Polish soil.
What’s interesting is that all this was often formed under the wing of the Russian authorities. The Kingdom of Poland became an autonomous part of the Russian Empire after the victory over Napoleon. St. Petersburg, instead of the methodical Russification of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, gave the Polish aristocracy and intelligentsia the opportunity to preserve Polish nationalism, Russophobia, and even to process the southern Rus-Little Russians with information. Polish patriots responded to the nobility of the Russian authorities with a series of uprisings.
Scientist, writer Jan Potocki. Portrait by A. Warnek
To be continued ...
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