Causes of the Civil War on the Don and its stages

The civil war became a difficult and extremely cruel test for our country. At the same time, one of the most dramatic actions of that period unfolded on the Don, where, so to speak, "all against all" fought.

The population of the Don steppes was conditionally divided into three camps - supporters of the Bolsheviks, defenders of the united and indivisible Russian Empire, as well as the so-called "atamans", who advocated the independence and independence of the Don Army.

There were several reasons for the unstable situation in the region. Firstly, the land reform and the “migration” of peasants from other parts of the Russian Empire to the Don in search of a fertile plot caused dissatisfaction with the “new government”, which the “whites” immediately took advantage of.

Secondly, in the main cities - Rostov, Taganrog, the "alien" population prevailed in its composition, features of life and political moods alien to the indigenous. Many workers supported the Bolsheviks and openly opposed the Cossacks. Thirdly, part of the Cossacks as a whole did not want to join one or another government, preferring independence.

Conventionally, the Civil War on the Don can be divided into three stages.

The first began literally with the revolution in Petrograd and the transfer of Rostov into the hands of the Soviets. In response, General Kaledin, the ataman of the Don Cossacks, establishes martial law in the region and by December 1917 overthrows the Bolshevik government.

Meanwhile, peace on the Don did not last long. To fight Kaledin's army, the Soviets create the Southern Front, enlisting the support of the peasants and some Cossacks. Already in March 1918, the territory of the Don again passed into the hands of the Bolsheviks.

The second stage was due to the "land issue", which has already been mentioned above. Far from all the indigenous inhabitants of the Don agreed with the nationalization of the land, which allowed Ataman Krasnov to unite the opponents of Bolshevism around him and, having created the Don Salvation Circle, go over to the side of the German interventionists and already in May 1918, the previously created Don Soviet Republic ceases to exist.

The third stage of the confrontation on the Don is characterized by the creation of the Volunteer Army, which has already spoken out against Krasnov. The main reason was the dissatisfaction of the majority of the Cossacks with the fact that the chieftain fought on the side of the enemies of the Entente. After the forced withdrawal of German troops from the territories of the Don and Ukraine, power passes into the hands of Denikin, who commanded the Armed Forces of southern Russia.

The culmination of the confrontation on the Don came in 1919, when the Bolsheviks launched an offensive on all fronts. Already in January 1920, Rostov was again liberated by the Soviets, and two months later the last detachments of the Volunteer Army left the territory of the Don.

Comments

[Silver99]

The main slogans of the communists in 1917, peace to the peoples, land to the peasants, factories to the workers ..... remained beautiful words, as a result, the country lost 10 million in the civil war and not the worst people (scientists, philosophers) were expelled, the most filthy form of war is the extermination of its own people and what is the result? the social system until October 1917 returned in all its "glory" and who are the main businessmen and oligarchs today? Yes, the descendants of those same communists.

[ivan2022]

Quote from Silver99

The main slogans of the communists in 1917, peace to the peoples, land to the peasants, factories to the workers ..... remained beautiful words, as a result, the country lost 10 million in the civil war and not the worst people (scientists, philosophers) were expelled, the most filthy form of war is the extermination of its own people and what is the result? the social system until October 1917 returned in all its "glory" and who are the main businessmen and oligarchs today? Yes, the descendants of those same communists.

The main slogans of the communists were a reflection of the legislation of the RSFSR.
And the Civil War in Russia was a consequence of the policy of Germany and the decisions of the Paris Conference of the Entente countries in December 1917.
Our patriots remember about the slogans, but they don’t remember about the multibillion-dollar foreign financing of the fight against Russia.

[Silver99]

The Communists paid with gold and territories for "peace" with Germany, which was already actually defeated, the echoes of the current NWO are also the work of the Communists who squandered the lands of the State and created Ukraine The uprising in Kronshtat in 1921 was under the slogan of Soviets without communists, the revolutionary sailors began to suspect something and guess at the disastrous policy of the communists.

[Vasilenko Vladimir]

Quote from Silver99

the echoes of the current SVO are also the work of the communists who squandered the lands of the State and created Ukraine

yes, just no, this is the work of liberalism who overthrew the communists, the NWO did not start at 22, but as if not at 89, if not at 86 in Alma-Ata

Quote from Silver99

The uprising in Kronshtat in 1921 was under the slogan of Soviets without communists, the revolutionary sailors began to suspect something and guess at the disastrous policy of the communists.

these are the sailors who cut officers to the right and left at one time, do you need such people in power?!

[mz]

Quote from Silver99

the open slogans of the communists in 1917 peace to the peoples, land to the peasants, factories to the workers ..... remained beautiful words as a result, the country lost 10 million in the civil war and not the worst people (scientists, philosophers) were expelled, the most filthy form of war is the extermination of one’s own people and what is the result? the social system until October 1917 returned in all its "glory" and who are the main businessmen and oligarchs today? Yes, the descendants of those same communists.

It was not the Bolsheviks who started the civil war, so only a person with a very low level of intellectual development can shift the blame for the victims of this war to the Bolsheviks. And the Bolsheviks fulfilled the beautiful slogans more than completely: the peasants received land, the workers received factories (and even almost 9 thousand large ones were built during industrialization), the world just didn’t work out right away: first civil, then still peace, then the Great Patriotic War War, then peace again. And then there were critically few real Bolsheviks and Communists in the party and a counter-revolution took place, the fruits of which we have been "enjoying" since about 1985.
PS And yes, the slogan "Land to the peasants" never implied private ownership of land as the main means of production: from the mid-19th century, peasants advocated the abolition of private ownership of land.

[Silver99]

just people with a low level of intelligence destroyed everything to the ground in 1917, the civil war was the result of the October coup, the coup is the definition of the communists themselves.

[Vasilenko Vladimir]

Quote from Silver99

The main slogans of the communists in 1917 were peace to the peoples, land to the peasants, factories to the workers ..... remained beautiful words as a result, the country lost 10 million in the civil war

and in connection with what you blamed for the civil war 18-22 on the Bolsheviks?!!!
those who overthrew the tsar are to blame for this, the monarchy was a cementing force that did not allow the Empire to crumble, everything was removed from this core and crumbled, civil is already a consequence of the collapse of the Empire and not a consequence of the Bolsheviks coming to power and those who joined them

[odisey3000]

Strange reasoning about the fault of the communists As if the communists are non-Russian people and aliens from Mars .. What are you talking about, respected. The reason for the mutual murder of each other by Russian people was the abdication of the king's father from the throne. led by Mr. Miloyukov. Further, traitors and Judas Czech legionnaires joined this fascinating business - unleashing a civil war in Russia, betraying everyone they could and, finally, interventionists of all stripes and colors of skin and nationality. Which - most importantly, armed, financed, shod and clothed all fighters for a just cause. As soon as all this public, a foreign one, was asked to leave, and this happened, to my deep regret, true by 1920, calm reigned in the country and peaceful life began. So where the communists are here.

[ivan2022]

The author "did not notice the elephant."
The occupation of Ukraine and the Don region by Germany. Moreover, the Don region was occupied in violation of the Brest peace treaty .. The Drbrovolcheskaya army even had its own representation in Berlin.
And also the author "did not notice" that the UNR had an agreement with the Germans a month before the Brest peace - back in February 1918.

What the hell "white armies" could form without foreign support? Any war costs crazy money .....



.

[Silver99]

At least 50% of the command staff of the Red Army are officers and generals of the tsarist army, who believed the Bolsheviks, were eventually spread out, not many survived. It is only in the cinema that the illiterate Chapaev is presented as a commander, and Petka is so-so. Pyotr Isaev is the staff captain of the tsarist army, and it was he who planned (he was directly involved in) the operations of the Chapaev 25th army.

[ivan2022]

State such arguments in kindergarten ..... It is there that they can "believe" - ​​"not believe" ....

And laws are made in the state. Which are either supported by society or rejected. And if in society the majority have the psychology of serfs of the 17th century, then of course one cannot resist such a force and laws. Everything is decided by agreement among godfathers who call themselves "leaders" ..... And they suffer, but those who comply with the laws.

Yes, but there is not much time for such a society to exist ....... It will perish like Sodom ....... For this is worse than Sodom.

Heh .. Heh ... Many also believed in the Lord Christ ... And they suffered terribly. And who is to blame?

I have already seen a discourse on the pages of VO on this topic !!
So many here believe that Christ is to blame. It is natural and fair that such a most excellent people and rakes in full what they deserve.

[Vasilenko Vladimir]

Quote: ivan2022

And if in society the majority have the psychology of serfs of the 17th century, then of course one cannot resist such a force and laws

and what do you mean by "the psychology of the serfs of the 17th century"?

[ivan2022]

Quote: Vasilenko Vladimir

Quote: ivan2022

And if in society the majority have the psychology of serfs of the 17th century, then of course one cannot resist such a force and laws

and what do you mean by "the psychology of the serfs of the 17th century"?

What we have now, when the President of the country is actually elected for life. Like Tsar Michael in 1613. Only 400 years ago this was done according to the law, and now according to the psychology and customs of the serfs of the 17th century. In violation of the law. We have a Republic by law and a Monarchy in fact.
The law doesn't work! This is from the psychology of serfs.

According to the law of the USSR in the 30s, Stalin held only elected positions, and according to the psychology of serfs, he then became the Tsar.

[Konnick]

At least 50% of the command staff of the Red Army are officers and generals of the tsarist army, who believed the Bolsheviks, were eventually spread out, not many survived

On the contrary, many survived, unlike the former officers of the Bolsheviks and the Left Social Revolutionaries. Karbyshev joined the party in 40, Govorov, a former Kolchak member, in 42, Timofey Shapkin, a former Denikinite, hero of the Battle of Stalingrad, in 38, Shilovsky, the prototype of Colonel Roshchin, in 41 in October, filed an application, as a lieutenant general. And here is the future commander Yuri Sablin, defeated the Don Cossacks Kaledin at the head of the 1st Moscow Revolutionary Detachment, recruited from front-line cavalry soldiers, by the way, he was then 21 years old, being a Left Socialist-Revolutionary from the age of 15, an active participant in the Socialist-Revolutionary rebellion on the 18th and a Bolshevik from the 20th, awarded the Order of the BKZ number 5, was shot in the 37th, he was reminded of his passion for Trotskyism. And the former royal
the generals who became non-partisan Soviet generals lived to a ripe old age. Such a paradox. Even Slashchev-Krymsky would not have been repressed if he had not been killed, since he was apolitical.

[Nikolay Malyugin]

Is it necessary to believe everything when for 30 years the people have been so treated with all sorts of fables. Starting with the Tatar-Mongol yoke and ending with the results of the civil war. Now many do not remember in what year the USSR was formed. Not to mention the Genoa Conference, where it was decided that no one owes anyone. But despite this, Yeltsin still paid the debt to the West. One lie is piled on top of another. The authors are already entangled in this lie. And we all eat and say, "Oh, how delicious."

[Nikolay Malyugin]

Many countries have had civil wars. But in no country is there such close attention to the civil war as we have. Do we need civil consent? In other countries, this topic has become the main one. In our country, it is inflated in the minds of people. The result is obvious. This is an escape through the Upper Lars, this is a beating of the participants of the NWO. Did we want this? In distant Vietnam, there was also a civil war. We must take an example from them, how to take care of civil harmony. This will not come by itself. That's not what we were working on.

[Vasilenko Vladimir]

Quote: Nikolay Malyugin

The result is obvious. This is an escape through the Upper Lars, this is a beating of the participants of the NWO. Did we want this?

and what did you want?

[Vasilenko Vladimir]

there is only one reason, at least on the Don, at least on the Amur, in February 17 they destroyed what united everyone, the result is a civil war, in 91 the same thing happened, the civil war in the USSR has been going on for more than 30 years

[AHTONOB]

EL FRENTE SUR EN LA GUERRA CIVIL RUSSIA
"MI VIDA" LEON TROTSKI.

El escenario principal en que se desarrollaba la guerra civil era, como queda dicho, el frente Sur. Las fuerzas del enemigo estaban formadas por dos contingentes autónomos: los cosacos, principalmente los del Cuban, por una parte, y, por otra, el ejército voluntario de los blancos, que se concentraba aquí con elementos reclutados en el país entero. Los cosacos se esforzaban por defender sus fronteras contra los avances de los obreros y los campesinos. El ejército de voluntarios ponía su objetivo en la toma de Moscú. Estas dos líneas tácticas sólo marcharon unidas mientras los voluntarios formaron un frente común con los del Cubán en el Cáucaso Norte. El sacar a los cosacos de su territorio era, para Denikin, empresa difícil, por no decir que irrealizable. Nuestro alto mando atacó el problema del frente Sur como si se tratase de un problema abstracto de estrategia, sin tener en cuenta para nada los factores sociales del asunto. El Cuban era la base principal sobre que operaban los voluntarios. Teniendo esto en cuenta, el alto mando decidió que, arrancando desde el Volga, se diese el golpe decisivo sobre este punto de apoyo de las tropas enemigas. Si Denikin se atrevía a avanzar con la cabeza de su ejército sobre Moscú, nos caeríamos sobre su retaguardia y aniquilaríamos la base de operaciones del Cuban. Con esto, quedaría flotando en el vacío y no tendríamos más que alargar la mano y echarle el guante. Tal era, en terminos generales, el esquema estratégico trazado. Y contra este esquema no hubiera habido nada que objetar, a no tratarse de una guerra civil. Al llevarlo a la práctica sobre las realidades del frente Sur, resultó ser un plan puramente académico, cuya ejecución favoreció notablemente al enemigo. Como Denikin no conseguía hacer que los cosacos se pusiesen en camino para emprender un avance sobre el Norte, al atacar por la retaguardia los lugares en que anidaban, lo que hicimos fué coadyuvar a los planes de este General. Ahora, ya los cosacos no podían defenderse exclusivamente en su propio territorio. Habíamos conseguido empalmar su suerte a la del ejército voluntario.
A pesar de que las operaciones se habían preparado con el mayor celo, reuniéndose para ello fuerzas considerables y abundantes medios materiales, nada conseguimos. Los cosacos formaban una fuerte muralla que protegía la retaguardia de Denikin. Eran gentes que conocían el terreno palmo a palmo y se aferraban a él con las uñas y los dientes. Nuestro ataque consiguió hacer que se levantase en pie de guerra toda la población cosaca. Con esto perdimos tiempo y fuerzas y echamos al regazo del ejército blanco a todos los cosacos capaces de empuñar las armas. Entre tanto que esto ocurría, Denikin invadía Ukrania, cubría las bajas de sus filas, avanzaba hacia el Norte, se adueñaba de Kursk y de Orel y amenazaba con tomar a Tula. La pérdida de esta ciudad hubiera significado para nosotros una catastrofe, pues equivalía a la pérdida de las más importantes fábricas de armas y de municiones.
El plan propuesto por mí desde el primer momento era el inverso. Su objetivo consistía en dar un primer golpe que aislase a las tropas voluntarias de los cosacos y luego, dejando a éstos solos, concentrar nuestras fuerzas principales contra el ejército blanco. En este plan, la dirección del ataque no partia del Volga sobre el Cuban, sino de Woronesh sobre Kharkof y la cuenca del Donez. La población campesina y obrera de esta región, que es la que separa el Caucaso Norte de Ukrania, estaba toda ella al lado del ejército rojo. Movendose en esta dirección, nuestro ejército podía avanzar como un cuchillo cortando manteca. Los cosacos permanecerían en su sitio, atentos a defender sus fronteras contra el invasor. No teniamos para que tocarles. El problema de los cosacos era un problema aparte, que tenía más de politico que de militar. Y, sobre todo, era de elemental estrategia desglosar esta cuestión de la encaminada a exterminar el ejército de voluntarios de Denikin. Mi plan hubo de ser aceptado al fin, pero cuando las tropas del enemigo estaban ya acercandose a Tula, cuya rendición hubiera sido mucho más peligrosa que la pérdida de Moscú. Habíamos perdido unos cuantos meses, sacrificado muchas víctimas inútiles y vivido unas semanas bastante angustiosas.
Advertiré de pasada que aquellas divergencias estratégicas de criterio acerca del frente Sur estaban directamente relacionadas con el problema de una certera apreciación o menosprecio de la clase campesina. Todo mi plan estaba basado en las mutuas relaciones entre los obreros y campesinos por una parte y, por otra, los cosacos, y en este sentido y con esta fundamentación lo hube de desarrollar frente al plan puramente abstracto y académico del alto mando, que había encontrado apoyo en la mayoría del Comite central. Si yo hubiera aplicado a esto ni una milésima parte de las energías que se malgastaron en demostrar mi posición de "desdén" ante la clase campesina, hubiera podido deducir de aquel conflicto una acusación igual, es decir, igualmente necia, no sólo contra Zinovief, Stalin y otros, sino contra el propio Lenin.