The heirs of the leader Osceola: about medals and decorations

Split Oak with a medal on the chest. Frame from the movie "Chingachgook, the Big Serpent" (1967)

He was in rich, but not bright and colorful clothes.
The shirt, cinched at the waist by a multicolored wampum belt,
fell in beautiful folds,
and her slender legs were covered with leggings of red cloth.
He was beautifully built
his figure seemed surprisingly proportionate.
He had a bandage on his head.
with three black ostrich feathers,
descending almost to the shoulders.
Various ornaments hung around the neck.
One of them attracted particular attention:
a round gold plate that hung on his chest.
Rays were engraved on the plate,
radii coming from the same center.
It was a picture of the rising sun.
Mine Reid "Oceola, Chief of the Seminoles"

Indians with and without tomahawks. The previous material about the headdresses of the Indians began with the author's childhood memories, however, today's material will not do without them either. And it so happened that in 1960 my mother bought the book "Oceola, the leader of the Seminoles" from the Detgiz series "Golden Frame" with beautiful illustrations by I. S. Kuskov.

This book was immediately read to me, and I literally fell ill with it, it made such a strong impression on me. Every drawing and every detail of the design of this book, starting with the bright yellow cover and the picture on it, aroused my admiration, and in particular, the decoration of three medals under its name. I learned from the book that it was Osceola's piece of jewelry that he gave to his white friend George Randolph so he wouldn't be killed by the Seminoles.

First of all, I decided to make myself the same headdress of three ostrich feathers that Osceola and the rascal Yellow Jack had. And here I was very lucky: in my grandmother's chest there was an ostrich boa made of black and white feathers, and in excellent condition. Since this decoration had already gone out of fashion in 1960, my grandmother helped me make the dress, and it was so beautiful that ... I did not dare to go out in it to my comrades.

The Indians, like the Japanese, were distinguished by a passion for all kinds of covers, which they tried to put on everything they could. Naturally, the Sacred Pipe could not do without a richly decorated case. Pictured is an Arapaho pipe case, 1885. National Museum of the American Indian, Washington

I was just shy, then we, the children, were all very shy and tried not to stand out in front of each other in particular. But already in front of the old dressing table, I jumped heartily in it all the way between the windows.

I also made an ornament of three medals from ... flattened caps from kefir. True, then it seemed to me ridiculous, not quite Indian. Whether it's a necklace of bear claws, described in the story of W. Schulz "The Son of the Navajo Tribe." And many, many years later, I learned that the Indians were very fond of medals and often used them as decorations!

So, today we continue the story about the Indian exoticism of the aboriginal inhabitants of distant North America.

Illustration from Osceola, Chief of the Seminoles, 1959 edition. Osceola's chest is decorated with medals...

Well, let's start, perhaps, with a very rare and nowhere else found decoration, which at the same time could serve as a shell, called "heapipe" or "hair tubes". They called them that because at first the "tubes" were inserted into the hair.

This decoration was made again by whites and sold to the Indians. Concha shells served as the material. They were also made of copper, even silver, but metal heapipes were not popular. Such jewelry appeared among the Indians in the early 1800s, and from the middle of the XNUMXth century they began to be made from drilled bones, and from that moment they reached their maximum popularity.

Heappipe of the Kiowa Indians. National Museum of the American Indian, Washington

Heappipe of the Wasco Indians, Oregon. National Museum of the American Indian, Washington

The device of this kind of decoration was very simple: tubes of bone drilled through were connected in several rows one to another. This decoration was worn around the neck and hung in front, covering the chest and stomach of the Indian. Moreover, it was not at all necessary for them to be located along the body, they could also go across, and the size could be very different, so that for some it hung down to the very knees. However, the heappipe was not only an ornament, but also served the Indian as a good defense, acting as a kind of cuirass! Sometimes they also attached metal pectorals made of cupronickel and silver, as well as ... large crosses!

Heapipe Osage with a cross hanging from it. National Museum of the American Indian, Washington

The hair tubes were most popular among the Indians of the southern and central plains, such as the Kiowa, Komaichi, Kiowa Apache, Arapaho, Cheyenne and Oglala Sioux.

Pictured are Sioux Indians. You can clearly see the different types of heapipes they wear…

And this is a Comanche heapipe. National Museum of the American Indian, Washington

By the way, almost no ritual dance costume could do without this decoration. Usually they were distinguished by special splendor and richness of decorations.

Hunkpapa Lakota in a dancing costume with a heapipe. National Museum of the American Indian, Washington

The Washington National Museum of Indians has several examples of these men's dance costumes, and this is one of them!

Among the same tribes, there was a fashion for wearing massive cupronickel pectorals - large crosses or pectorals with pendants. As a rule, they were decorated with engraving and, again, possessed a certain "magic", that is, they could protect their owner from an arrow and even ... from a bullet. So the size in this case was important!

Absolutely all the Indians were very fond of the medals that they wore on their chests on silk ribbons, and sometimes several at once. The question is, where did they get them from? Knowing the love of the Indians for shiny trinkets, they were supplied by their white merchants. American medals came to them from the east, English medals from the northeast, Spanish medals from the southwest, and Russian medals from the northwest. An interesting custom arose: at the conclusion of treaties, the whites began to present medals to the Indians "as a sign of peace and friendship."

"Medal of Peace" with a portrait of President Edward Jackson, Pikuni tribe. National Museum of the American Indian, Washington

"Medal of Peace" by President Thomas Jefferson (dated 1801). Arapaho tribe. National Museum of the American Indian, Washington

Any leader or warrior who had such a medal was very proud of it and tried to put it on at every opportunity so that everyone would see this sign of recognition of his merits from the “Great White Father”, and simply as an ornament.

Among the Indians of the prairies, exotic shells were also in great demand, especially cowries, which were used for embroidery of clothes and for the manufacture of beads and earrings. True, such materials, unusual for us, as the milk teeth of an elk, the front teeth of a beaver and the claws of a bear, were also used for embroidering clothes.

Sioux moccasins embroidered with painted porcupine quills. Ethnographic Museum of Hovburg Castle, Vienna. Author's photo

Feathers are the material that for many centuries served the Indians of America for the manufacture of extremely elegant products. For example, such as this Aztec feather shield, a gift to Emperor Charles V. Ethnographic Museum of Hovburg Castle, Vienna. Author's photo

Indian women's clothing was traditional - a long dress made of leather or fabric, moccasins and leggings, which, however, were always shorter than men's, and tied up above the knee. Often, women's moccasins and leggings were one piece and looked like high boots.

The dress was necessarily decorated with embroidery from porcupine quills or beads. Moreover, everything that was at hand or that came across from white merchants was used for embroidery: copper coins, thimbles, bells, very often cowrie shells. The daughter of a rich Indian could wear a dress entirely embroidered with beads.

Women's dress worn by female relatives of the Ton-Kon-Ga (Kiowe Black Leggins Society) warriors. National Museum of the American Indian, Washington

And here is a set of elements of women's clothing for a sacred dance. Very beautiful, isn't it? National Museum of the American Indian, Washington

Female warriors, and there were also such in the Indian tribes, wore ordinary women's clothing, but they could put on a male feather headdress or a medal. Often a young girl was taken on campaigns. Dressed in a bright red dress, she galloped in front of the detachment, exciting the soldiers to battle. "The bravest will take me as a husband!" - she shouted, and if the girl was really brave, skillful and beautiful, then ... the soldiers of the detachment had a sense to fight for her hand and get more horses, scalps or make a lot of ku!

Women's leggings of the Shoshone tribe. National Museum of the American Indian, Washington

The Indians decorated almost all the items they used. Here is an example of a gun case. The thing is completely utilitarian, necessary to protect the metal of the gun from the weather. But what did the Indians turn them into? It's worth a look!

Gun case for the Sik-Sik ("Blackfoot") rifle. National Museum of the American Indian, Washington

And this is a Sioux Indian revolver holster. National Museum of the American Indian, Washington

Another holster is the Bannock Indians. National Museum of the American Indian, Washington

Revolver holster of the Chippewa Indians. National Museum of the American Indian, Washington

Any bags or handbags, sacks for provisions, bandages, belts, scabbards for sabers - “long knives”, which the Indians also did not neglect, were richly embroidered with beads, and even the most utilitarian objects were given a form pleasing to the eye with their sophistication.

Cartridge bag for the Naskapi Indians. National Museum of the American Indian, Washington

Sioux smoking pipe made of catlinite and inlaid with lead. National Museum of the American Indian, Washington

Another smoking pipe from the Wasco tribe, Oregon. Inlaid with lead. National Museum of the American Indian, Washington

Amazingly beautiful catlinite Pikuni pipe with beaded decorations. National Museum of the American Indian, Washington

An 1866 .44 caliber Winchester decorated with copper-headed wallpaper nails. Belonged to the Ne-Perse Indians. National Museum of the American Indian, Washington

As in the European armies, the Indians adopted their own insignia. But at the same time, there was one rather strange difference: a great warrior and an outstanding leader could well have not had a headdress made of eagle feathers and a mass of various ornaments, which, however, did not detract from his glory at all. That is, a great warrior, a truly great one, simply did not need any signs and decorations, he was already known to everyone and revered.

In addition, in battle, not all leaders put on magnificent hats, because they understood that it was they who would attract enemy shooters in the first place. So the same Osceola could well not wear an ostrich feather dress in battle, although who knows ...

Comments

[Korsar4]

Thank you, Vyacheslav Olegovich. I liked the ending, that the great warrior did not need decorations. He was already known.

[Kote Pan Kokhanka]

Good morning Comrades!
Good article about a beautiful and original culture!!! Thank you!

[vladcub]

Namesake, good evening. In fact, ALL archaic peoples had an original culture.
Tada did not yet have a "box" or the Internet to "monkey"

[Kote Pan Kokhanka]

Quote: vladcub

Namesake, good evening. In fact, ALL archaic peoples had an original culture.
Tada did not yet have a "box" or the Internet to "monkey"

Good night Glory!
Well, to be honest, the "depersonalization" began much earlier. For example, half of the items cited by Vyacheslav in the article are the product of the manufactories of European settlers made for the mowed inhabitants of America.

[Richard]

Good morning friends
Vyacheslav Olegovich, since we are talking about traditional Indian jewelry, then chokers of Indians should be put in the first place.
For an Indian, this is not just a beautiful little thing - it is a set of signs and symbols that tell others about him, protect him, and help to better understand himself. Chokers are a special type of jewelry, "single- or multi-row necklaces that tightly cover the neck - this is a kind of "business card" of any North American Indian. The first chokers were made by the Indians from mollusk shells, having the shape of a strongly elongated cone, similar to the long fang of a predatory beast. Also they were made from hollow bird bones, which was convenient and practical, since they already had a hole in them.
a photo: choker National Museum of the American Indian, Washington

Fig. Painting by Paul Calle - Chief of the Rosebud

a photo. Shell choker. Chief Oglala Lakota "American Horse", early XNUMXth century photo.

a photoPiopio Maksmaks, by ES Curtis, 1905

a photo — Chief Standing Bear on the Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota, 1930

[Richard]

It is believed that the first people to whom chokers became widespread were the indigenous people of America. The first such find dates back to the XNUMXnd century BC. e. and belongs to the Maya civilization. Among the American Indians, the choker necklace was a symbol of the power of the leader, and also performed a sacred protective function, acting as a talisman from evil spirits. Chokers were made from the bones of birds and animals, from wood or shells, beads, metal, etc.
Today it is a fashionable international jewelry accessory.
a photo. Actress Jertie Millar wearing a choker made of a precious plate based on pearl beads

[kalibr]

You know, Richard, I didn't know anything about it. He wrote the material being surrounded by a bunch of books, including photocopies of translations from Rudomino. And... it wasn't there. So thanks for the valuable addition.

[Kote Pan Kokhanka]

Hello Dmitry, if you summarize and compare - all this is essentially a talisman from the beginning! However, like our domestic ones - "buttons". From the word "scare". They received modern functionality much later.

[3x3zsave]

photo. Actress Jertie Millar wearing a choker made of a precious plate based on pearl beads
My compliments, Dmitry!
There are several photographs of Miss Millar wearing this necklace. However, his Indian origin, for me personally, is highly questionable.

[depressant]

By the way, yes.
Alexandra of Denmark, the English queen, introduced the choker into fashion, from the English "choker" - strangler)))
And she did not do this because she relied on the fashion of the American Indians - I doubt that Alexandra knew anything about their customs. It’s just that in childhood, for some reason, a small scar appeared on the neck of the future queen, and already as an adult she began to wear various chokers around her neck - either in the form of multi-tiered pearl necklaces, or in the form of wide velvet pieces decorated with jewels. And since the royals served as role models, a variety of chokers, often taking the form of narrow velvet, began to be worn by all of England. But velvet, chokers and clavicles have been used by women as their favorite jewelry before. And hardly anyone thought of wearing them to match with the customs of the Indians. One idea comes to mind of people on different continents - didn't you notice? )))
There are many portraits of Russian aristocrats with velvet on their necks, and they, aristocrats, may not have even suspected the existence of some Indians there, or heard about them out of the corner of their ear. Fashion came from Europe. Too open dresses demanded to save the neck from hypothermia and subsequent indecent coughing or, God forbid, sneezing.

[vladcub]

Lyudmila Yakovlevna, I haven't talked to you for a long time. Either you were gone for a long time, then I began to visit the site less often.
"to match with the customs of the Indians" here you are right and wrong: you are women, practical and with imagination, creatures. One that will come up with a practical idea, while others will pick it up. I don't argue here
"didn't suspect the existence of some kind of Indians" here you are not quite right: at the very beginning of the 19th century, in Europe, many had already heard about the Indians: the merchants said: "this is a miracle across the sea" (c) Fenemor Cooper, began to write about the Indians, in the first half of the 19th century MAIN Reid, also wrote in the middle of the 19th century, Karl May, somewhere in the 60-70s of the 19th century, tied up with prisons and began to write about the Indians ..
You women love to keep up with the latest fashions, and these writers were very fashionable.
So many ladies from high society could read something about the Indians.
Another thing is how reliable the information was. For example, Nicholas 1, a serious uncle, believed that cannibalism flourished in the USA. Not from a hangover, he came up with it, but read it from someone

[Richard]

My compliments, Dmitry!
There are several photographs of Miss Millar wearing this necklace. However, his Indian origin, for me personally, is highly questionable.

My respect, Anton! I didn’t write anywhere that Miss Millar has a choker, it was Indian work - I wrote that the choker today has become a fashionable international jewelry accessory

[Richard]

There are many portraits of Russian aristocrats with velvet on their necks, and they, aristocrats, may not have even suspected the existence of some Indians there, or heard about them out of the corner of their ear. Fashion came from Europe.

Lyudmila Yakovlevna, I don’t know where the fashion for velvet came from, you know better, I wrote about jewelry known today in the fashion world as chokers, and their “legs grow” from the Indians of North America

wikipedia: It is believed that the first people to whom chokers became widespread were the indigenous people of America. The first such find dates back to the XNUMXnd century BC. e. and belongs to the Maya civilization. Among the American Indians, the choker necklace was a symbol of the power of the leader, and also performed a sacred protective function, acting as a talisman from evil spirits.

[lisikat2]

Now, purposely looking for information about this actress, I did not find

[vladcub]

First time I hear about her. But I think the photos are later than the beginning of the 30s ..
Let's ask the comrades: how old is the photo?
It's a pity Vic Nick, no: he would have posted the data

[Fat]

Greetings Slav.
It's on the wiki.
Gertrude Ward, Countess of Dudley (née Millar; 21 February 1879 – 25 April 1952), known as Gertie Millar, was an early 20th century English actress and singer known for her performances in Edwardian musical comedies.
Starting her career at the age of 13, Millar has been a prominent musical comedy star for two decades. In 1902 she married the composer Lionel Monckton, who wrote the scores for many of her shows and for the songs she became famous for. She was one of the most prominent West End theater performers of the early 20th century, starring in such longtime hits as The Toreador (1901), The Orchid (1903), The Spring Chicken (1905), The New Aladdin (1906), The Girls of Gottenberg (1907), Our Miss Gibbs (1909), Quaker Girl (1910), Gypsy Love (1912), Dancer (1912), Marriage Market (1913) and Country Girl (1914).
In general, the singer did not act in films

[lisikat2]

Richard, and Gertie, a pretty girl.
All separately: hair, face, sort of so-so, and her smile illuminates.
P.S.probably photo, early 30s
Although, I could be wrong. I practically do not know the actors of that time. I just name the first number that comes up.

[tlauicol]

Where did the Indians get ostrich feathers? Did you buy from whites?

[3x3zsave]

Did you buy from whites?
No, blacks. Everyone knows that some African American migrants brought ostrich feathers with them. Well, in memory of the historical homeland. Well, in fact, they shouldn’t be dragging elephant tusks?
)))

[Fat]

Hello Anton.

Quote: 3x3zsave

Did you buy from whites?
No, blacks. Everyone knows that some African American migrants brought ostrich feathers with them. Well, in memory of the historical homeland. Well, in fact, they shouldn’t be dragging elephant tusks?
)))

"Ostrich" feathers North American Indians could buy from the Spaniards and the Portuguese. With these, everything is clear - tour operators, for blacks from the African continent, in addition, nandu were found in the Brazilian pampas (also like ostriches, but smaller)

[3x3zsave]

in addition, nandu were found in the Brazilian pampas (also like ostriches, but smaller)
And the bustard is a "little Russian cassowary"!)))
Hello Borisych!

[vladcub]

Borisych, good evening, actually, to the Dalevars or Apaches, it’s a long way to stomp Brazil

[Fat]

But the Spaniards are close to Florida. Seminoles with Osceola just "registered" in that region

[kalibr]

Quote: Tlauicol

Did you buy from whites?

Where did they get cowrie shells? Everyone bought what they wanted!

[3x3zsave]

Everyone bought what they wanted!
Just not Indians, but some Jews!)))

[Korsar4]

Fenimore Cooper liked very much how the Indians admired the figurines of elephants: "The Beast with Two Tails."

[lisikat2]

There, something about the beast Manitou
I remember from our film: "St. John's wort". Looks like 1990 or 1991.
The stepfather, about the films of that period, always says: "the last films of the great cinema", and Uncle Dowd deliberately recalls nonsense films to tease.

[Korsar4]

Frequent exercise makes people very skillful, and a small ivory toy has safely passed from hand to hand. Then an amusing scene took place on the raft. Surprise and delight again prevailed over Indian imperturbability: two sullen old warriors showed their admiration more frankly than the boy. He knew how to curb his feelings - this was a recent learning, while grown men with a well-established reputation were not ashamed to express their delight. Within a few minutes, they seemed to forget about everything in the world - they were so interested in the precious material, the subtlety of the work and the unusual appearance of the animal. For her, the lip of the American deer, perhaps most of all, resembles the trunk of an elephant, but this resemblance was clearly not enough to make the outlandish, unknown beast seem less striking to the Indians, the longer they looked at the chess piece, the more they were surprised, these children of the forests did not at all consider the structure , towering on the neck of an elephant, an integral part of the animal. She was well acquainted with horses and pack oxen and had seen fortress towers in Canada. Therefore, the burden of the elephant did not strike them at all. However, they naturally assumed that the figurine depicted an animal capable of carrying an entire fort on its back, and this shocked them even more.

[Richard]

Just not Indians, but some Jews!)))

The song was "Chingachgook, the great serpent is not an Indian, but a Jew! (c)"
And besides jokes, Anton, there is something to think about. Since America was discovered by Christopher Columbus, many scientists and theologians around the world are still puzzling over the question of whether the Indians could be one of the lost tribes of Israel. This version is supported by belief in one God - the Great Spirit, the presence of the circumcision rite, as well as the Indian "title" of their leaders - caciques. Middle Eastern Jews, Saudi Arabs and Indians have the same skin color. Theoretically, the Jews could penetrate into pre-Columbian America along with the Phoenicians (the possibility of such voyages was proved by Thor Heyerdahl). Ethan Smith of Poultney, Vermont, published a book as early as 1823 in which he claimed that the Indian language was derived from Hebrew. The book contains a table of word coincidences in two languages. Sometimes the coincidences are complete: “aba” (father), “ish” (man), “ishto” (his woman). Sometimes the differences are minimal: “heaven” in Hebrew is “shamaim”, and in the language of the Indians “chemim”, “wind” are respectively “ruach” and “ditch”.
I don’t say anything personally, but this topic is relevant on the Internet - just type “Indians and Jews” on the Internet, and many sites will open.

[mihaylov]

Quote: Richard

"ishto"

this is not his woman, but the question: so what?

[Catfish]

and the question is: so what?

- You don't like fish? So what?

[depressant]

I put my hand in the pike's mouth,
And she teeth - khryat!
Where would one find such a pike,
To not bite your hand?

I wonder how the Indians fished? But they caught it!

Kostya, hi! )))

[Fat]

Greetings, Ludmila.
Fish were caught with fish hooks, nets, spears, traps, baits and bait. It is important to understand that this was not sport fishing: it was a livelihood activity that was vital to the survival of the people. The focus was on catching as many fish as possible in a relatively short time.
Many tribes such as the Chippewa and Ottawa used gill nets for fishing. Working with linden, nettle and other natural fibres, the women made cellular nets. The men then made cedar floats for the net and cut grooves in small stones to serve as weights.
In many tribes, women set up nets made of linden and twine. With this system, they could catch up to 200 fish per night. The nets were then washed and rubbed with a solution of sumac leaves to get rid of the smell of fish. Medicinal plants were then applied to the net to attract fish.
https://translated.turbopages.org/proxy_u/en-ru.ru.9472f0e6-64270066-c65e9ba3-74722d776562/https/www.dailykos.com/stories/2012/5/15/1091849/-Indians-101-Fishing-in-the-Western-Great-Lakes-Region
In addition, in large rivers, "fish pens" were used, into which fish were driven into a school. Big fishing technologies have been known since ancient times. nothing in general was special among the North American Indians.

[depressant]

. Big fishing technologies have been known since ancient times. nothing in general was special among the North American Indians.

Andrey Borisovich, thanks for the extensive answer! )))
I had no idea that the nets were rubbed with medicinal plants. I don't think the Slavs did that. Maybe I'm wrong. In any case, this is the first time I've heard of this. If you hadn't said it, you would never have guessed it yourself.

[Catfish]

Good evening, Luda.

Continuation of the short story.
Greek rode across the river,
Sees Greek - cancer in the river.
He put his hand in the river, -
Cancer by the hand of the Greek DAC!

The trouble with these freshwater, whether it's sharks.

[depressant]

. whether business sharks.

And then she raised her eyes higher, and there was Dima's comment that the Indians are the lost tribe of Israel. Began to read the arguments, and they are convincing!
How to live now?!? )))

[Catfish]

How to live now?!?

With a smile, Luda, as they lived before.

They say Hemingway
according to the questionnaires was a Jew,
Jews, Jews, only Jews around!

It is said that in hockey
Jews appear
Look at the goalies
Whatever the mask, then the Jew!

The satellite rushes in orbit
From perigee to apogee
In it, the bracket flies nailed -
The first Jew in space

[Kote Pan Kokhanka]

Since America was discovered by Christopher Columbus, many scientists and theologians around the world are still puzzling over the question of whether the Indians could be one of the lost tribes of Israel.

If I am not mistaken in the name, then the closest relatives of the North American Indians "Keta" live on the Yenisei, and this is not even Birobidzhan!
No offense!

[depressant]

it's not even Birobidzhan!

Vlad, well, he took and destroyed everything! Coolly.
And I was already tensed, wondering how and what ...
This is how great theories collapse )))

[Catfish]

He served near Birobidzhan, if there were Jews, then only in our regiment.

Hello Vladislav!

[vladcub]

Derived from Hebrew "and we will ask our comrades - Jews. They know better

[Eule]

Quote: Richard

claimed that the language of the Indians came from Hebrew

Given that the Jews have 26 letters, and some Indian tribes have more than 60?

[lisikat2]

Between wars?
In the movie 'The Right Hand', Shetherhand asks a salesman:
What does your company sell?
- Agricultural equipment and weapons.
And other travelers offered: ostrich feathers and revolvers for the Chipppewa holster

[vladcub]

Business is business. And there's nothing to be done

[depressant]

Well, hello home! )))
Well hello friends! )))
The cursed separation hurts...

Vyacheslav Olegovich, here it is:

Women's leggings of the Shoshone tribe. National Museum of the American Indian, Washington

Are those leggings photographed upside down?
I figured it this way and that )))

[kalibr]

Quote: depressant

Well, hello home! )))
Well hello friends! )))
The cursed separation hurts...

Vyacheslav Olegovich, here it is:

Women's leggings of the Shoshone tribe. National Museum of the American Indian, Washington

Are those leggings photographed upside down?
I figured it this way and that )))

I do not know anything. Under them was a signature. I copied it. Unfortunately, I don't know how to wear it from which end.

[3x3zsave]

Are those leggings photographed upside down?
Normally they are photographed, the flare came into fashion a little later.
Hello, Lyudmila Yakovlevna!

[depressant]

Good afternoon, Anton! )))
Duc is not a flare, but the top and bottom forced to strain the imagination - where to stick your legs? Well, I'm not squaw! )))
This is how a person from a more developed civilization looks ridiculous and ridiculous in the eyes of representatives of a lower one. Do you want to communicate as equals? Master the knowledge of customs and perform them earnestly, but with dignity. Feel on the skin. Most importantly, do not grin at the wrong time. They won't say, but enemies forever.

[Catfish]

Are those leggings photographed upside down?

No, not upside down, but upside down! You can see this from the ruler, it is always placed under the object being photographed, though only for professionals.

Wanted to post a photo but didn't dare.

[mihaylov]

By the way, you can see Indian things live at the Museum of Ethnography, which is located at the Kunstkamera in St. Petersburg

[kalibr]

Quote: Mihaylov

Museum of Ethnography at the Kunstkamera in St. Petersburg

By the way, there are some very interesting things. Two figures of samurai... I'm very sorry that I got there without a camera...

[3x3zsave]

I really regret that I got there without a camera ...
Hello, Vyacheslav Olegovich!
What is the problem? Tell me what you need, I'll go and take a picture.

[kalibr]

Quote: 3x3zsave

What's the problem?

I don't feel comfortable disturbing a busy person like you. This is the first. Second; Your photos are not visible on my computer. Not enough memory! That is, I can only see them in the "change" mode, and why should I?

[Richard]

Your photos are not visible on my computer. Not enough memory!

Vyacheslav Olegovich, there is such a small absolutely free program Light Image Resizer,
It will allow you to change the size and weight of graphic files to the values ​​you need with one click without losing quality. For those who have little space on their computer and a lot of photos - it is simply irreplaceable

you can download here: https://soft-file.ru/light-image-resizer/
Good luck

[3x3zsave]

There's a different problem, Dmitry. I sent photos through MailAgent, which itself offers to reduce the image size. Only now he reduces them not qualitatively, but physically, that is, instead of, say, A4 format, a postage stamp is obtained. And I didn't know about it. In another case, for an article about the Decembrists, I sent pictures of the original size and everything was opened by Olegovich.

[kalibr]

Quote: Richard

Good luck

Thank you! I will try to download and master. The bad thing is that I began to learn new things badly ..

[vladcub]

"It's bad to learn new things" V. Oh, I'm like that too. Vsezh we are not 16 years old, but much more

[depressant]

Just not Indians, but some Jews!)))

There were many poor Indian youth. Well, how poor? Against the backdrop of rich farmers. They wouldn't even know they were poor. And these poor people were often hired by rich farmers as cowboys (there was a complete cowboy international - whites, Indians, blacks, etc., but they did not quarrel with each other within the international). Few had a horse. Most often, the horse was received from the owner. And they didn’t drink whiskey and rum in saloons - expensive! The favorite drink of cowboys, including Indians, was beer...
And the cowboys did not feud with the Indians - not typical. They traded with them, bought food and things from them.
In general, they found a common language.

[Kote Pan Kokhanka]

And the cowboys did not feud with the Indians - not typical. They traded with them, bought food and things from them.
In general, they found a common language.

Everything is more difficult Lyudmila Yakovlevna. Cowboys are a profession, Indians are a race. The former had duties to guard and guard the herds, the latter had customs, and the other professions were hunters or the same shepherds. With custom, everything is simple. For example, insinuations of youth in the form of "steal a cow from a neighbor - prove that you are a man"! Here is the reason for the conflict between business entities. And the most insignificant! In the case of the “land issue” it was much more terrible and bloody”! As for the rest, those and other people and everything human were not alien to them.
So in most conflicts, cowboys acted as hired workers, and the Indians were all in a crowd, the specifics of a tribal society. The army was included later and not always on the side of the colonists.
Regarding friendship - in a country where segregation persisted until the 40s of the last century, I'm afraid everything is complicated!

[depressant]

"steal a cow from a neighbor - prove that you are a man"!

Yep, familiar! ))))
Prove that you are a prince, give a cow to a guest, and then, when he drives her to his neighboring mountain, catch up in the dark (the path is not close!) And beat off that cow )))

[lisikat2]

"beat off that cow", and then you can give it again: "robbers, took it away? My sympathies. So be it, so as not to cry, I will give you: her sister"

[Ross xnumx]

At what time something interesting was published and, as always, from Vyacheslav Olegovich.
The brain absorbs, the brain begins to send signals to the zone of pleasure...
And the additions from Richard are valuable!

[depressant]

Yuri Vasilyevich, good day to you! )))
And you visit more often. The truth is said here, which is indisputable, it is easy and simple to say such a thing, isn't it? )))

[sergej_84]

Well, let's start, perhaps, with a very rare and nowhere else found decoration, which at the same time could serve as a shell, called "heapipe" or "hair tubes". They called them that because at first the "tubes" were inserted into the hair.

This decoration was made again by whites and sold to the Indians. Concha shells served as the material. They were also made of copper, even silver, but metal heapipes were not popular. Such jewelry appeared among the Indians in the early 1800s, and from the middle of the XNUMXth century they began to be made from drilled bones, and from that moment they reached their maximum popularity.

Alas and ah, but it is not worth studying the North American Indians, with or without tomahawks, according to the author's publications. Clearly he is not an Indian. He has too many mistakes.
For example - "hair pipe" - "hair tubes" - this is a purely aboriginal phenomenon. Famous archaeologist David L. DeJarnette found such jewelry in the burials of the Indians, who are about 4000 years old.
And European-made tubular glass beads appeared among some tribes of the northeastern forests in the middle of the XNUMXth century.
There is an extensive article on this subject in Anthropological Papers #50, 1957.

[kalibr]

Quote: sergej_84

For example - "hair pipe" - "hair tubes" - this is a purely aboriginal phenomenon. Famous archaeologist David L. DeJarnette found such jewelry in the burials of the Indians, who are about 4000 years old.
And European-made tubular glass beads appeared among some tribes of the northeastern forests in the middle of the XNUMXth century.

And what is the crime? The article is not a scientific monograph and is not a source of "study". It is an entertaining read for some and a lure for independent thoughtful reading for others. No need to compare God's gift with scrambled eggs.

[Catfish]

Vyacheslav, hello and thank you!

In general, I got the impression that the Indians "decorated" everything that came their way. Sometimes, to the detriment of the convenience of handling weapons in a real battle, these rags alone on the screws are worth something.

[lisikat2]

Konstantin, I am not an expert on weapons, but I already know how to disassemble and assemble a Turkish gun, I liked it: the second from the bottom. The butt is beautiful, but the feathers are superfluous

[ArchiPhil]

Quote from lisikat2

The butt is beautiful, but the feathers are superfluous

Not superfluous! For the sake of force. Indian.

[Catfish]

It's like in Soviet times on the "Lada" what they just didn't stick, if only they would differ from the rest. Caucasians were especially successful in this.

Hello Seryozha!

[Lynx2000]

Quote: Sea Cat

It's like in Soviet times on the "Lada" what they just didn't stick, if only they would differ from the rest. Caucasians were especially successful in this.

Imagine the Indians on a halt, carbines and rifles are assembled in pyramids, alarm, dismantling of weapons, everyone immediately recognizes their personal weapon by feathers, the number of nail heads and "baubles". No need to remember the number, yours has already been shot ...

As one friend said about the "tuning" of the Soviet automobile industry: this crap does not affect aerodynamics.

[Catfish]

Good afternoon, Alexander.

Imagine the Indians at a halt, carbines and rifles are collected in pyramids,

Something I sincerely doubt that the Indians, at least on a halt, at least somewhere, put their carbines in "pyramids" and "too evil." They did not have a charter for the "garrison and guard" service, there was no one to write to because of general illiteracy.
The word "to O evil" could only be inserted from the third run. To be offended.

[Lynx2000]

Quote: Sea Cat

Something I sincerely doubt that the Indians, at least on a halt, at least somewhere, put their carbines in "pyramids" and "too evil." They did not have a charter for the "garrison and guard" service, there was no one to write to because of general illiteracy.
The word "to O evil" could only be inserted from the third run. To be offended.

And good day to you, Konstantin! Decoration as an identification mark of your weapon - there was irony. Or maybe someone served in the pioneer rangers, and taught his battle group in the tribe the customs of guard duty ...

Or did they sleep in an embrace, groomed and cherished their toys (guns)? Something like that:

[Catfish]

trained his tribal fireteam in guard duty...

Well, if only by the fire, drinking fiery water, he told his fellow tribesmen about the strange customs of the pale-faced.

[ArchiPhil]

Quote: Sea Cat

"Zhiguli"

Greetings Konstantin!
These hot guys ten years ago / although you can still see it today .... how to put it mildly? Oh! A creation of engineering and the taste of the owner of the vehicle! / there was a *trick* to lower the clearance. We thought it was very, very cool. Funny, right.

[Catfish]

there was a *trick* to underestimate the clearance. We thought it was very, very cool.

It's even easier here - "Gogi did it, I want it too!"

[Catfish]

I liked the second from the bottom. The butt is beautiful, but the feathers are superfluous

It's a Winchester carbine, Katya.
Yes, the feathers are clearly out of place there.

[vladcub]

Kostya, hello. It seems to me that they did not know how to handle weapons well.
Here, you know, the culture of handling firearms. Where do they get such a culture from? For real, firearms, among the Indians, when did they become widespread? Probably 40 of the 19th century, and before that there were sporadically

[Catfish]

Good evening, Slava.

Probably 40 of the 19th century, and before that there were sporadically

I can’t say exactly when, maybe different tribes in different ways, in different parts of both continents. But the fact that they also learned to use flintlock guns is certain. They actively purchased from white merchants the so-called. "trade guns" for commercial hunting. That's where the culture comes from. But that's just my opinion.

[Fat]

Greetings, Konstantin.

Quote: Sea Cat

But that's just my opinion.

Not only yours. Carl Russell thinks about the same.
https://www.universalinternetlibrary.ru/book/68967/chitat_knigu.shtml

[Catfish]

IT IS PLEASANT TO REALIZE THAT THERE ARE LIKE-THINKERS.

Hi Andrew!

And thanks for the tip, I'll be sure to check it out.

[kalibr]

Quote: sergej_84

He has too many mistakes.

And is it too much? And what? Are you too excited? It's funny, I didn't come up with anything myself. Almost everything is taken from American editions, which I found and scanned a long time ago in the Foreign Library. Rudomino in Moscow. I have in my book "Indians" (Encyclopedia of a schoolchild ") and pictures from there ... Not to mention the captions under the photo ha ha.

[depressant]

There is an extensive article on this subject in Anthropological Papers #50, 1957.

In fact, no one is going to study the culture of the Indians with the help of popular articles published on VO and of an exploratory nature. For example, I did not know that the Indians wore chokers, varieties of which existed, including in ancient Egypt, among the ancient Greeks, and others. Now I know. But this is not a reason to drop everything, stumbling and falling, to gnaw into the history of Indian chokers on articles with the help of which the same DeJarnette probably already managed to defend his doctoral dissertation, and on the basis of further excavations continues to increase his scientific fame. In the United States, many archaeologists have dug up a lot of things, up to pyramids and many kilometers of well-equipped underground passages, indicating the presence of representatives of a highly developed civilization in this area, where none of them have ever lived. And what? Is this a reason to insult the Author of the article with scornful vocabulary to the point of humiliation?
Decided to rot?
Yesterday I watched a coven of such slanderers on Vashchenko's article. Believe me, disgusting, petty, miserable.
As I hope, the well-known Kamnoyedov said, - "You will stop this for me!" )))
It was possible to intelligently supplement the article with your comment, they say, so and so, here is such an article, the author of which, an archaeologist, thinks a little differently. But no.
Remarkably different.
As if suddenly, out of nowhere, a whole cohort of people appeared on VO who, as I first kindly suggested, being lonely, unhappy people, want to assert themselves at the expense of humiliating others. However, now I see that a trend has emerged of targeted attacks on the authors of VO - targeted!
And what is your goal, attackers? Ditch the site? Like, let's move together, the authors will scatter. And the commentators...
I do not call for living together.
I urge you to live decently.

[astra wild2]

Lyudmila Yakovlevna, we had "graters" with you and I tried not to rate you, I doubted that I would be fearless, but now: ++ One now, and another advance
Unfortunately, the site has "minusers and nitpicks" clinging to every sneeze.
Probably, this is for the sake of self-affirmation: I planted in a puddle: Valery or, for example, you and me.

[ArchiPhil]

Quote: Astra wild2

nitpicks"cling

* That's what the pike is for. So that the crucian does not doze off. *
Saying. Folk.

[vladcub]

Hockey players, ours with a brush. The saying is very appropriate.
Vic Nick was just such a "pike"

[Catfish]

Vic Nick was just such a "pike"

Why was, he is here now.

[sergej_84]

You, Lyudmila Yakovlevna, in a militant passion, as I hope the little-known Alferyev said, are pulling ornithology on geography, trying to depict the efforts of a certain "cahort" (is this, as I understand it, a gang of Cahors lovers?) to terrorize the authors in order to destroy the site . And enrolling in the ranks of these "Cahorts" - me - is really an oxymoron.
But the fact that a normal publication on the site today must be expected for weeks already, because the shaft of trash has swept over a once very serious resource - this, as they say, is a "medical fact".
And the silent consumption of this hack has nothing to do with decency. And it will only get worse. There will be a full "cahort".
Therefore, some readers and even some writers, who seem to care about the fate of this resource, express concern.
So you wait a minute to throw lightning. And then, after all, some comrades cover up their obvious hack-work with exclamations that set the teeth on edge, that

this is not a scientific monograph and not a source of "study"

[lisikat2]

"in militant passion" in vain you "run into" Lyudmila Yakovlevna, she loves to look at the "root". So don't blame her for jumping to conclusions.

[ArchiPhil]

Quote from lisikat2

in vain you "run into" Lyudmila Yakovlevna,

There was no hit-and-run. In some ways * the citizen from above * is right. Unfortunately, there are enough hacky materials. There was an article yesterday about the position of the IOC and specifically Bach. About what? Yes, about nothing! The author of the article for some reason was sure that head of the committee *woke up*.Yeah.Shuzzzz.

[depressant]

pull ornithology on geography

No, I just looked into the eyes of monsters.

[ArchiPhil]

Quote: depressant

pull ornithology on geography

*Do you study natural history?
- Natural? No way! You're generalizing too much, dear Captain Mule.
- Ghoul!
- Exactly. Botany, geology, and even this astronomy of yours are equally alien to me, dear Captain Kuhl.
- Ghoul!
-I'll tell you more, I'm not even a zoologist! You ask: what am I studying, after all, dear captain? I'm studying entomology! The great science of insects! * (c)
Inspired, you know.
Good evening Lyudmila Yakovlevna!

[Catfish]

Inspired, you know.

Me too...

I love this cartoon, we could have done things at one time!

[Korsar4]

Similarly.

Today I just wanted to flip through the teenage library and film library.

[ArchiPhil]

Quote: Sea Cat

could have done things with us at one time!

Alexander Khvylya. He is also Captain Gul.

[Fat]

Sergey. Do not somehow blame the site. Given the fact that the site from the very beginning did not shine with the highest quality of all articles, even when it was twice a day.
This site is not degrading, it is your requirements for it that are increasing. The novelty of info is a thing of the past. The site has accumulated huge archives, no matter what you touch, it will certainly turn out that the topic has already been "raised", and even more than once, of course, with varying degrees of "pedantry"
Despite the new account, as it turned out, you are not a newbie here at all ...
So, get used to the fact that "fresh" will appear quite rarely.
And you, as a true realist, demand the impossible?

[Catfish]

Sergey. Do not somehow blame the site.

His name is not Sergei, he once again changed his nickname.

[Fat]

Well, I changed it, "started a new mask", since I want to be called Sergey eighty-four, I will call it: "Sergey"

[Catfish]

I just thought I guessed who it was. Okay, I don't really care.

[kalibr]

Quote: sergej_84

sergej_84

Sergey! Take the reins of government into your own hands. Do not write hacky, interesting article yourself. What? Chukchi is not a writer? Then take what they give and do not ask for anything else. And be modest, because what you don't like, very many people like it. They are people too and their opinion should be respected. Explained clearly?

[vladcub]

V. Oh, bravo, they said well: "not hack articles." I doubt that there will be such a thing

[kalibr]

Quote: sergej_84

once a very serious resource

Don't make people laugh. Just look at the 2015 articles to be sure. Today the level has increased compared to 2014-15. Then he began to rise little by little. It is not difficult to make sure of this: there are materials for past years in the archive of the site.

[Korsar4]

The first stable association with the word choker is a skidder.

[astra wild2]

Vyacheslav Olegovich, colleagues, good afternoon
TsPSIO didn't break me. I have been working for 2 days, but I have my own peace of mind: every hour I call up my
Yesterday I bought a new SIM card. I went to Adygea for her, they don’t know me there and they won’t “merge” the number.
That's just the accounts you need to "bind" to the new number

[ArchiPhil]

Quote: Astra wild2

Yesterday I bought a new SIM card. I went to Adygea for her, they don’t know me there and they won’t “merge” the number.

It's too late. You're already *tracked*.

[lisikat2]

Good health to all.
Vyacheslav Olegovich, thanks for the illustrations.
Delighted with Chippewa's holster ": how much skill and perseverance their women had!
All the embroidery is good, but I was fascinated by: the holster and the "cartridge bag". I would like to have it.
Everyone would be jealous.
Women will understand me

[Richard]

All the embroidery is good, but I was fascinated by: the holster and the "cartridge bag". I would like to have it.
Everyone would be jealous.
Women will understand me

Good afternoon, Katya
If you want to have a knitted holster "ala Chingachguk" - contact Alexander Baluev. He will help
a photo frame from the movie "The Best Movie 3-DE"

[kalibr]

Quote from lisikat2

Women will understand me

Do you think, dear Katenka, I don't understand you? I understand., Still how, that's why I gave these photos. At home, however, there is from the Indian "beautiful dream catcher."

[Catfish]

Everyone would be jealous.

The main thing is that it would be shattered ... but don't you care about ease of use?

Women will understand me

Thank God not all, because not all women are women.

[ArchiPhil]

Quote from lisikat2

Everyone would be jealous.

What's the problem? A direct path to * Ali *. There's just nothing there, all sorts of different things.

[astra wild2]

Vyacheslav Olegovich, but I don’t remember that in your book: * People and weapons "were the Indians medals?

[kalibr]

Quote: Astra wild2

the Indians had medals

Yes, they are not there. But this is an adventure novel, not an ethnographic study...

[Tests]

Tolstoy (Andrey Borisovich Pestrikov), respected, back in the 19th century on the Kola Peninsula, on the Tersky coast of the White Sea, coast-dwellers for salmon fishing arranged fences in riverbeds. In principle, in Russian America there were salmon, like shoe polish from uncle Matroskin's cat at a shoe polish factory. I wonder if the Indians made fences on salmon rivers?

[Fat]

All the same things were done on the rivers where salmon migrated to spawn. I gave an example about fishing in the Great Lakes. Too bad the translation is not very good. Several variants of fishing nets were used there, including "casting" (casting) nets, nonsense, fixed and even similarities of modern "TVs". So is everything known from the time immemorial fish traps

[DAleck]

In the public domain there is a book by John C. Ewers "Hair Pipes in Plains Indian Adornment.
A Study in Indian and White Ingenuity" dedicated to "hair tubes". Perhaps it will be of interest to those who are interested in these Indian jewelry:
https://www.sil.si.edu/DigitalCollections/BAE/Bulletin164/tptoc.htm

[Ezekiel 25-17]

The tradition of wearing the same ostrich feathers comes from the Romans: the commander must be recognizable. It stopped with the massive use of rifled firearms.