Anti-tank methods: cumulative ammunition

The active use of the cumulative effect in military affairs has been around for 80 years. history... In the 1940s, when using tanks in the fighting, reached its climax, proposals began to appear on how to deal with this formidable force with the subsequent practical implementation of developments. The increasing thickness of the armor significantly reduced the effectiveness of the usual ammunition at that time. Something extraordinary was needed.

Then they remembered about scientific developments, which by that time were more than a dozen years old. We are talking about the theoretical substantiation of the creation of a powerful narrowly directed jet of what was formed as a result of the explosion. This jet showed considerable penetrating ability. This jet, creating tremendous pressure, and had the ability to penetrate armor, which for the other anti-tank weapons available at that time, often turned out to be too "a tough nut to crack."

The study of the characteristics of certain explosives made it possible to create cumulative ammunition of suitable power to combat not only enemy armored vehicles, but also to inflict damage on certain fortifications.

Tanks broke down when hit by HEAT ammunition, although the entrance hole was quite small. For an uninitiated person, this looked like an obvious dissonance.

On the methods of anti-tank warfare, cumulative ammunition, technology and practice of their use:

Comments

[Professor]

"Breakthrough development of the USSR" appeared much later than Hilda's international patent.

[SaLaR]

Well, sho ....?

[mark1]

The end of the 50s of the USSR and the mid 60s of the Hilda patent. Or are you from the standpoint of patent law?

[Professor]

Quote: mark1

The end of the 50s of the USSR and the mid 60s of the Hilda patent. Or are you from the standpoint of patent law?

I am from the standpoint of physical evidence. One has registered a patent for his invention, and the other tells tales that he invented it a long time ago.
"In God we trust, all others must bring data.”- WE Deming

[SaLaR]

Well, yes ... if there is no patent, then you can't imagine ...

[mark1]

So there are photographic documents and test reports ...
Yes, and you did not develop it yourself, although you overshadow yourself with a six-pointed star.

[Professor]

Quote: mark1

So there are photographic documents and test reports ...
Yes, and you did not develop it yourself, although you overshadow yourself with a six-pointed star.

Of course not yourself. Held developed for us, or rather jointly with us, but his copyright. Therefore, they bought a patent from him.
The author is only the one who registers the copyright certificate. The rest go through the forest.

[mark1]

Quote: professor

The rest go through the forest.

So you, when walking in the forest to the promised land, along the way, grabbed in the form of belongings something scarce from the unpatented and as a result, according to your logic, ownerless. A patent is a patent, and without developments you can't create anything from scratch.

[Professor]

Quote: mark1

Quote: professor

The rest go through the forest.

So you, when walking in the forest to the promised land, along the way, grabbed in the form of belongings something scarce from the unpatented and as a result, according to your logic, ownerless. A patent is a patent, and without developments you can't create anything from scratch.

Do you think Held is an Israeli or a Jew? He is a West German German.

[mark1]

What does Held and his Aryanism have to do with it? There was never a shortage of Jews in the USSR. And smart too.

[Professor]

Quote: mark1

What does Held and his Aryanism have to do with it? There was never a shortage of Jews in the USSR. And smart too.

How and what? Dynamic (reactive) armor is his invention.

[mat-vey]

Quote: mark1

There was never a shortage of Jews in the USSR. And smart too.

I still do not presume to judge what the surname Voitsekhovsky will say for the nationality, but the name Bogdan is extremely rare for a Jewish boy ..

[Usher]

The author is only the one who registers the copyright certificate.

What wild nonsense !?

[Professor]

Quote: Usher

The author is only the one who registers the copyright certificate.

What wild nonsense !?

one hundred%. "Copyright" confirming copyright is bullshit.

[Usher]

Quote: professor

Quote: Usher

The author is only the one who registers the copyright certificate.

What wild nonsense !?

one hundred%. "Copyright" confirming copyright is bullshit.

You yourself understood what you wrote? By your logic, the author is not the creator / inventor, but the one who patented. This is nonsense. The author is the creator. When a writer is writing a book, the author is not the publishing house, but the writer. Got it now? Chew like a child.

[Professor]

Quote: Usher

You yourself understood what you wrote? By your logic, the author is not the creator / inventor, but the one who patented. This is nonsense. The author is the creator. When a writer is writing a book, the author is not the publishing house, but the writer. Got it now? Chew like a child.

How many copyright certificates do you have? A rhetorical question.

The author of a book is the one whose name appears in the "author" column on the cover of the book, and not someone else. The author of the invention is the one whose name appears in the column "author" in the "Inventor's Certificate", and not someone else. This "testimony" bears witness to the authorship, my young friend.
Teach materiel: https://1patent.ru/blog/izobretenija/avtorskoe-svidetelstvo-na-izobretenie.html

[Usher]

Quote: professor

Quote: Usher

You yourself understood what you wrote? By your logic, the author is not the creator / inventor, but the one who patented. This is nonsense. The author is the creator. When a writer is writing a book, the author is not the publishing house, but the writer. Got it now? Chew like a child.

How many copyright certificates do you have? A rhetorical question.

The author of a book is the one whose name appears in the "author" column on the cover of the book, and not someone else. The author of the invention is the one whose name appears in the column "author" in the "Inventor's Certificate", and not someone else. This "testimony" bears witness to the authorship, my young friend.
Teach materiel: https://1patent.ru/blog/izobretenija/avtorskoe-svidetelstvo-na-izobretenie.html

You are sick? Shove your youth where on next. Are you old enough? Do you know how much before you write to me?
For example, a dude invented something, people know, but he just didn't patent it. And the cunning guy stole the idea and patented it. So who is the author, logically !? By logic, not by your "piece of paper". Ash tree stump that the real author who invented, and not the one who stole. Do you understand?

[Professor]

Quote: Usher

You are sick? Shove your youth where on next. Are you old enough? Do you know how much before you write to me?

You're 16-17 if you still don't remember what copyright defines. As you grow up, you will understand, my young friend. You still have everything ahead of you. This is taught in the 2nd year.

Quote: Usher

For example, a dude invented something, people know, but he just didn't patent it. And the cunning guy stole the idea and patented it. So who is the author, logically !? By logic, not by your "piece of paper". Ash tree stump that the real author who invented, and not the one who stole. Do you understand?

Uh-huh. Then it turns out that I wrote "The Master and Margarita", and Bulgakov, the cunning guy, stole the idea and wrote his name. People know. Ask my neighbor, he will confirm and swear by his mother.

I didn’t just ask you how many copyright certificates or patents were in your name. Have you ever tried to register them and know the procedure? I have a couple and now there are a few more in the registration process. Should I give you an educational program how to apply for registration? Do you even know that you have to prove that you are the author? We'll have to attract witnesses ("people know"). Do you know that even after the application is filed and approved, the patent will be" temporary "and it will be elementary to challenge it (hey" dude "and" people ")? Do you also need to maintain (renew)? Otherwise, in just a couple of years, it will be canceled.

Here's an example for a better understanding.
https://patents.google.com/patent/EP2045567A1/en
European Patent number EP2045567A1
The name "Shaped charges"
Author: Evgeny Pavlovich Germanov
Application submitted: 2007-10-02

Attention is the question of filling. Who is the inventor?

Test question: What is the status of the patent and what does it mean?

[Centurion70]

Yes, you stole the development from us and now, in hysterics, you are trying to tell us fairy tales ... Approximately the same variant as in due time the swindler Edison and a group of American rogues robbed Nikola Tesla.

[Free wind]

In Israel, from 80-82, all tanks were urgently equipped with DZ. We have attended to the 85 year. And there was such a marshal of the armored forces Babajanyan. if I am not mistaken. When he was told about DZ, he started screaming swear words. Well, like, you are tygydyn tygydyn, who had the idea to impose a ton of explosives on a tank, but you are tygydyn-tygydyn. For the sake of one big star, hundreds or even thousands of soldiers died in Afghanistan.

[Usher]

Quote: Free Wind

In Israel, from 80-82, all tanks were urgently equipped with DZ. We have attended to the 85 year. And there was such a marshal of the armored forces Babajanyan. if I am not mistaken. When he was told about DZ, he started screaming swear words. Well, like, you are tygydyn tygydyn, who had the idea to impose a ton of explosives on a tank, but you are tygydyn-tygydyn. For the sake of one big star, hundreds or even thousands of soldiers died in Afghanistan.

The Abrams were also in no hurry to weigh their mattresses. The USSR / RF and Israel actively use DZ and use it.

[Virus-free crown]

My grandfather Misha told me when we took Berlin ... They approach 34 - they knock - no one opens ... The tank looks absolutely intact ... The hatch was knocked out, but inside ... but inside there is no living space ... but just one entry hole with the size of a five-kopeck coin ... like this ...

[Konnick]

Another series of frontline myths. The pressure in the tank does not increase and fragments do not fly in all directions.
https://topwar.ru/20498-esche-odin-kumulyativnyy-mif.html
Even after being hit by a cumulative explosion, if the copper jet did not damage the engine or transmission, the tank remains operational.

[Glory1974]

Another series of frontline myths. The pressure in the tank does not increase and fragments do not fly in all directions.

How can the pressure not rise in an explosion in a confined space? An elementary shock wave will shock the crew.

Even after being hit by a cumulative explosion, if the copper jet did not damage the engine or transmission, the tank remains operational.

After the explosion, the temperature rises and therefore everything that can burn is ignited. Burns out including the wiring. The mechanisms can remain intact, the electrics fail.

[Konnick]

Read professional literature. The explosion does not take place inside the tank, but outside. A jet is formed from the copper shell of the charge, which has the 3rd cosmic speed, it both penetrates the armor and damages what it has along the trajectory. And also read the WWII awards for tankers, for example, for the crew of Gorobets, who died from a "termite" shell in February 42, thermite cumulative ones were called frontline. The loader Pastushin was wounded by the second "thermite" shell in the turret, the driver-mechanic Litovchenko brought the T-34 out of the battle after two hits in the turret, including the ammunition rack.

[Glory1974]

Read professional literature.

I do not need to read, I have experienced it in practice.

The explosion does not take place inside the tank, but outside. A jet is formed from the copper shell of the charge, which has the 3rd cosmic velocity, and it penetrates the armor and damages what it has along the trajectory.

You claim that a jet from a copper sheath at the 3rd speed penetrates the armor, enters a closed volume, and what happens from this? Is the pressure inside increasing, decreasing, or staying the same?

[Konnick]

I do not need to read, I have experienced it in practice.

Those. Were you in the tank with the hatch open?

[Glory1974]

The APC, which had its hatches open, was hit by an RPG. Inside, all the wiring burned out, all devices and communications were out of order, but remained operational. The crew was shell-shocked.
An armored personnel carrier with closed hatches burned down, the crew died.
Therefore, armored personnel carriers and infantry fighting vehicles are driven with open hatches. In the tank, the armor is thicker, the explosion products penetrate less into the armor space, but the effect of the shock wave is definitely there.
The big difference is where the hit comes from. An RPG grenade leaves a thin hole, an ATGM or a projectile already with a practically diameter slightly smaller caliber

[Konnick]

An RPG grenade breaks through the armor of an armored personnel carrier with only one high-explosive effect.

[Glory1974]

An RPG grenade breaks through the armor of an armored personnel carrier with only one high-explosive effect.

not. leaves a hole the size of a pencil. Breaks through the armor of the RSH grenade

[Konnick]

The Defense Research Service of the Danish Armed Forces conducted tests of the effectiveness of cumulative submunitions for 155-mm shells, choosing the Centurion tank as an object. The Danes used a static test technique by placing submunitions on the turret and hull of the vehicle at various angles. Pressure, temperature and acceleration sensors were placed inside the vehicle, on the crew's seats in the crew compartment, and throughout the tank. During the research, 32 submunitions were detonated on the tank. The power of the cumulative ammunition was such that the cumulative jet often pierced the tank from top to bottom, and even left a funnel in the ground under the bottom. At the same time, the sensors installed in the tank DID NOT RECORD AN INCREASE IN PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE.

[Glory1974]

cumulative submunitions for 155-mm shells

that is, it is not a projectile, but some components of the projectile, it is not clear what caliber and mass.

the sensors installed in the tank DID NOT RECORD PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE INCREASES.

the tank can withstand 10-12 RPG hits, as shown by the actions in Chechnya. But for example, from an ATGM hit, it detonates ammunition and tears off the turret.
It remains to find out what causes the damaged cars to light up if the temperature does not rise.

[Nikolaevich I]

Mdaaaa ... an extremely "abbreviated-simplified" statement of the "essence" of the cumulative effect and the "construction" of the cumulative ammunition! And how much you can add ... at least three times more! So "paraffin" such a topic!

[Simargl]

Quote: Nikolaevich I

the "essence" of the cumulative effect

I read it as a "jet" ... Freud is an evil type!

[Simargl]

We are talking about the theoretical substantiation of the creation of a powerful narrowly focused jets what was formed as a result of the explosion.

JETS ?! What kind of jet? Whose?
... and this is IN !!! How PopMech has already become ...

[riwas]

What kind of jet? Whose?

In the book Baum F.A., Stanyukovich K.P., Shekhter B.I. Explosion physics, M, Fizmatgiz, 1959 (chapter XII "Cumulation") everything is detailed and shown in photographs (high-speed shooting): how a metal funnel collapses and how a thin metal jet "flows" from it. All calculations for the design of the shaped charge are given.
https://booksee.org/book/1352201

[Konnick]

The jet is like that, and your sarcasm is inappropriate

The inner lining layers form the jet head. A cladding made of heavy ductile metals (for example, copper) forms a continuous cumulative jet with a density of 85-90% of the density of the material, capable of maintaining integrity at high elongation (up to 10 funnel diameters). The speed of the metal cumulative jet in its head reaches 10-12 km / s. In this case, the speed of movement of parts of the cumulative jet along the axis of symmetry is not the same and amounts to 2 km / s in the tail section (the so-called velocity gradient). Under the action of the velocity gradient, the jet in free flight is stretched in the axial direction with a simultaneous decrease in the cross section. At a distance of more than 10-12 diameters of the shaped charge funnel, the jet begins to disintegrate into fragments and its breakdown effect is sharply reduced.

[Simargl]

Quote: Konnick

She is such a jet

The jet is like that, but the metal of the funnel (usually something similar to copper or copper) heats up to only 700 C, and the melting point is 1356 C. How can you call a piece of metal forging temperature a "jet" ... well, fig knows ...

[sen]

How can you call a piece of metal forging temperature "jet"

As shown in the book The Physics of Explosion, at pressures such as those achieved in an explosion, a ductile metal behaves like an ideal liquid. This decision belongs to Academician M.A. Lavrentyev. (p. 499).

[Simargl]

Quote: sen

metal behaves How perfect liquid

If the forging is shown accelerated to those speeds ... it turns out that the forgings are a liquid.

[Centurion70]

True quote ...

[alpamys]

Even the Germans, instead of a copper funnel in cumulative ammunition, tried a gold funnel, which increased penetration several times.

[Centurion70]

The article is superficial, contains factual errors and is of no value.