Nobel Prize. On the march to reputational collapse?

51
Initially, the Alfred Nobel Prize was a very specific thing, rather reflecting the selfishness of the Nobel himself, rather than his patronage and altruistic impulses. Having made his huge fortune in the trade in explosives that claimed the lives of his younger brother and Russian oil, Nobel himself considered himself a pacifist. And the very idea of ​​establishing a prize came to Nobel’s head not by chance. Alfred was never listed as a philanthropist during his lifetime.

Nobel Prize. On the march to reputational collapse?




And so, in 1888, a reporting mistake led the press to publish news about the death of Nobel. The howl in the media was accompanied by the very unpleasant characteristics of the allegedly deceased Alfred. He was called the "millionaire in the blood" and the "merchant of death." Naturally, the middle-aged Nobel did not like this, so he bequeathed to spend all his fortune precisely on the prize of his name. In addition, Alfred was a childless and lonely man, but the heirs lined up a whole queue, therefore, in order to teach the different kinds of crooks, Nobel deprived them of the opportunity to profit at their own expense. By the way, later the heirs sued for a long time for the condition of a relative, but they could not get a penny out of the obstinate Themis.

Thus, the creation of the award was a purely reputational PR step. Exactly the same that the insatiable Rockefeller did at one time after the huge image losses that he suffered after the brutal suppression of the trade union strikes. So, he intensified his sponsorship activities, depending on the consequences of the next battle with his own staff. And at a certain time, when conflicts were stained with blood, like the Ludlow massacre, the Rockefellers were forced to hire advertising companies to darn reputation holes.

Illegibility in candidates


The illegibility of candidates for the Nobel Prize has already become a byword. Laureate of the Peace Prize Barack Obama not only strengthened the contingent of US occupation forces in Iraq and Afghanistan, but also gave the go-ahead for the intervention in Libya in the 2011 year. Gorbachev didn’t pass the prize either, whose rule brought the whole Soviet and, later, post-Soviet space only a series of interethnic conflicts, economic and industrial decline. Nelson Mandela and his partner with Frederick de Klerk, who so successfully dared apartheid regimes, could not give a bonus that South Africa plunged into the realm of monstrous crime, “black” racism and the HIV epidemic, which one of the health ministers of Manto Chabalala-Msimang proposed treat with garlic, beetroot and African potatoes. For almost 10 years, this ethnically “right” black young lady fed the unfortunate population in this way not with medicines, but with vegetables.


American caricature of "games drones"Obama


Well, it's all political affairs, the reader will think, but, oddly enough, the prize awarded for achievements in literature is no less densely involved in politics. So, in the 1953 year, the outstanding “writer" Winston Churchill became the Nobel laureate with the definition "for a brilliant oratory in defense of exalted human values." What facts of the use of oratory are in question, everyone could be convinced back in the 1946 year in Fulton. Another example of the extraordinary “timeliness” of the award of literature is Nadine Gordimer. This writer and apartheid fighter released her first book in 1949. For the next forty years, the writer was not spoiled with awards, but when Western countries needed to tear apartheid to break into the South African market and unite “public opinion” in this outburst, they suddenly remembered Nadin in 1991.

But the symbol of the political situation, outright shortsightedness and poor information was the award of not even the ideological weathervane Svetlana Aleksievich, but the now forgotten Norwegian writer Knut Hamsun. In the 1920 year, this untalented writer became a Nobel laureate. At the same time, Knut was an ardent propagandist of national socialism and Nietzscheanism, which was gaining popularity in Europe. And in the 1943 year, at the height of the blazing war, when the Nazis had already executed millions of people in concentration camps, Gamsun handed his Nobel medal to Joseph Goebbels as an apology for the inattention to this "outstanding personality" by the Nobel Committee. As if this were not enough, so after Hitler's suicide, Knut wrote an obituary in which he described the Fuhrer as "a fighter for the freedom of peoples."


Knut Gamsun (middle-aged in civilian clothes) before the long-awaited meeting with Hitler in his den


Oddly enough, but in the exact sciences like chemistry, the Nobel Committee managed to discredit the prize. So, in the 1918 year, the prize in chemistry was awarded to Fritz Gaber. The committee was not at all worried about the figure of this scientist who personally created the poison gas monster of the First World War and led the chemical attack at Ypres in the 1915 year. The scientist also noted in the Second World War, having served the Nazis with the development of a gas called Cyclone B. At the same time, the competent positioning of the prize by PR managers still elevates the laureates to the rank of sacred cows, some untouchables.


Fritz Gaber


With the Nobel Prize and genocide hand in hand


Someone will say that these are all things of bygone days, but also our contemporaries, who received the cherished indulgence of the Nobel Committee in these very minutes, as they say, are not childish. In the 1991 year, Aung San Suu Kyi was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize to Myanmar and Burmese politicians. This young lady spent her entire conscious life outside Burma, she received education in Europe, and later moved to New York. All this time, her formal homeland was a closed state, and Western countries could not wait to open this closed box.

In 1988, Aun returned to Burma, where she immediately founded the National League for Democracy. Sensing something was amiss, the authorities put the lady under house arrest. There was a need to draw attention to her person. And in the 1991 year, this young lady, who became famous only for carefully combining the image of the new Mahatma Gandhi with populist speeches, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. But up to the 2010-th government of the country kept Aun under arrest in her apartment. And, as it turned out, not in vain.


Aung San Suu Kyi and the Other Humanist Hillary Clinton


Filled with the highest awards and ranks, from the Order of the Legion of Honor to the Gold Medal of the US Congress, Aoun climbs the Olympus of power in Myanmar by the 2016 year, becoming virtually the head of state. The young woman, whom Ban Ki-moon, Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton applauded as a great humanist, is in fact guilty of the real genocide of the Rohingya people living in the state of Rakhine (also known as Arakan) and professing Islam, in contrast to the Buddhism traditional for Myanmar. And, of course, Aung showed the full degree of openness of the new "democratic" government, blocking access for all foreigners to the places of military operations. According to the most optimistic UN data, about 10 thousand people have already become victims of the genocide. The Rohingya themselves continue to vote “for the new Democrats”. So, 700 of thousands of representatives of this people have already fled from Myanmar. In addition, Rohingya, according to the law on citizenship of the 1982 year, can not even be considered full citizens of Myanmar.

For the sake of truth, it is worth clarifying that the separatist groups of the Rohingya periodically also take up a knife to avenge the Buddhists. At the same time, the populist Aung continues to receive dear guests from the UN, collect meaningless committees and sprinkle with various reports.

Of course, the “public” condemned the actions of the Myanmar authorities and demanded that Aoun be deprived of the peace prize. But the Nobel Committee said that the decision has no retroactive effect. Therefore, from the foregoing, we can make a somewhat exaggerated and even home-made conclusion: if the Nobel laureate appeared somewhere nearby, then you should not yawn, and the powder should be kept dry and not turn your back on the "Nobel". However, to be surprised, by and large, there is nothing, because what is created as an image tool continues to be used just like that. All according to the precepts of the Nobel.
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  1. +7
    17 October 2019 15: 28
    Gamsun presented his Nobel medal to Joseph Goebbels as an apology for the inattention to this “outstanding personality” by the Nobel Committee. As if this were not enough, so after Hitler's suicide, Knut wrote an obituary in which he described the Fuhrer as "a fighter for the freedom of peoples."
    This is the coolest incident with the Nobel Prize, the rest of them were given the Peace Prize only for the fact that they were fulfilling the will of the "international elite" and all were tied in blood. Here is an interesting question, will they give Trump or not? Compared to Babama, he shed less blood Donik. Or in America it is given only by a democrat. I really don't remember. and the Peace Prize was given to husband Monica Lewinsky or not. But his second wife, grandmother Hilary, wanted to get it so much, she even fell ill with frustration.
    1. +7
      17 October 2019 16: 32
      Another performer of the will. Striped. Martti Ahtisaari. The former Finnish president, diplomat, was the UN special envoy, the author of the Kosovo Independence Plan, the Nobel Peace Prize in 2008, which I often mentioned in comments about Kosovo and Yugoslavia ..
      1. +5
        17 October 2019 16: 38
        In 1999, Ahtisaare supported the bombing of Belgrade.
        The German BND assumed the receipt of a bribe from Kosovars.
        Such is the Laureate.
    2. 0
      17 October 2019 17: 40
      Gamsun received a prize in literature, not peace
      1. +5
        17 October 2019 18: 33
        Quote: Avior
        Gamsun received a prize in literature, not peace

        Yes, what does it matter, the value of this award is depreciated
        Gamsun presented his Nobel medal to Joseph Goebbels as an apology for the inattention to this “outstanding personality” by the Nobel Committee. As if this were not enough, so after Hitler's suicide Knut wrote an obituary in which he described the Fuhrer as “a fighter for the freedom of peoples”
        And this is already in the 1943 year when the Reich was bursting at the seams, when the world knew about Auschwitz and Treblinka. What value? On the hands of many figures there is more blood than on Knut, on which there is not a drop, but he is 100 times worse, he recognized fascism in the person of Goebels and Hitler. This award has become obsolete after this. I think Nobel did not want his name to be treated like that.
        1. +2
          20 October 2019 12: 33
          if you also give Greta a "Nobel Prize", then you can give each of the "mental hospital" in turn.
          1. +1
            20 October 2019 14: 15
            Quote: Aerodrome
            if you also give Greta a "Nobel Prize"

            And you know, I won’t be surprised that she will be given this award. Also, I won’t be surprised if they will posthumously be given to some figures of the 1933 -1945 years.
            1. 0
              21 October 2019 06: 23
              The Nobel Prize is not posthumously given.
              1. +1
                21 October 2019 12: 02
                Quote: glk63
                The Nobel Prize is not posthumously given.

                If after 20 years they give, they will soon and posthumously begin.
  2. +9
    17 October 2019 15: 41
    And they also forgot two "creators" - AI Solzhenitsyn for throwing mud at his homeland and Albert Gore - for being the Vice President of the United States!
    1. +2
      17 October 2019 16: 48
      And Henry Kissinger ...
      1. +5
        17 October 2019 17: 04
        Quote: mavrus
        And Henry Kissinger ...

        Well, without hesitation, they gave it to me, do not let yourself come out more expensively.
    2. +3
      17 October 2019 17: 03
      Quote: Amateur
      Alberta Gore - for being US Vice President!

      So he is Yanik, God himself ordered. Caesar's wife is beyond suspicion.
    3. -6
      17 October 2019 19: 21
      Viktor, to be honest, have you personally looked through "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich" at least once in your life, or are you here about the "Nobel Prize" to Solzhenitsyn just to get publicity? And, if you suddenly leafed through, then where, on which specific page of this not small, but just story, did you find the main character of this very well-written literary work "throwing mud at your homeland"? Honestly.)
      1. +7
        17 October 2019 19: 37
        Well, yes, "very well written" - there in the zone he has all innocently sat down, except for one Romanian spy. By the way, the Union of Solzh Writers was cleared out after his "Feast of the Winners" with a bunch of crap about the Soviet Army, and he received a Nobel Prize for the collection of prisoners' tales "The Gulag Archipelago". Such is the pissed snitch of Vetrov.
        1. -11
          17 October 2019 20: 05
          Every citizen of all two hundred million citizens of the Soviet Union must read and memorize this story.
          This is how Anna Akhmatova responded to reading "One Day ..."
          Quote: Aviator_
          ... and he received a Nobel Prize for the collection of convicts' tales "The Gulag Archipelago".
          You don’t even know why Alexander Isaevich received the Nobel Prize ...hi
          1. +5
            17 October 2019 20: 59
            Well, Anna Akhmatova's opinion does not interest me at all. In essence, "One Day" I have already spoken. (Did you read this opus yourself?) Vetrova does not intend to delve into the waste products of the informer. It is enough that the same political ZK Shalamov wrote about him (he, of course, also something else ..., but at least not a snitch).
      2. -1
        17 October 2019 20: 05
        you personally have looked at "One Day in Ivan Denisovich" at least once in your life,

        I flipped through. And all the other "works". Have you read The Red Wheel, Gulag?
        1. 0
          17 October 2019 20: 17
          And I like "The First Circle" more. There sharashka and their life are interestingly described. Another "200 years together", but this is a documentary book about the relationship between Russians and Jews. The first part covers the period from 1795 to 1916, the second - from 1917 to the end of the XX century.
        2. -9
          17 October 2019 21: 00
          I never got to the "Red Wheel". "Archipelago" did not master it because of its arithmetic inexplicability, or something. Too often (and quite easily) in it, figuratively speaking, 50 turns into 5 thousand, and 5 thousand into half a million. It is, in general, understandable. The author of this swung at the overwhelming. "Labor of a lifetime" requires a lifetime without a trace, no long-term intense campaign will help here. For a serious study of the "Stalinist" period of Soviet history, the efforts of one person, whoever he may be, are clearly not enough. But, nevertheless, there is no doubt, in my opinion, the merit of Solzhenitsyn as the destroyer of the myth (very man-made, by the way) about the "godlike and sinless". It costs a lot. It is always useful to know the true situation not only on the battlefield, but above all in life in general. You can't go far with your eyes closed.
          1. -1
            18 October 2019 05: 59
            Victor, to be honest, you personally have looked at "One Day in Ivan Denisovich" at least once in your life,

            I never got to the "Red Wheel". "Archipelago" did not master it because of its arithmetic inexplicability, or something.

            Democracy in action: before 1953: "I have not read, but I condemn"
            After 1985: "I have not read it, but I approve."
            Before you blow tips, you need to read the source.
  3. +3
    17 October 2019 15: 54
    No wonder. They always believed that the "correct" world must be implanted by "fire and sword." Here, as Greta proposes to destroy "ecologically unclean", so they will immediately reward.
    1. +4
      17 October 2019 17: 06
      Quote: lexus
      This is how Greta proposes to destroy the "environmentally unclean", so they will immediately reward

      And Greta will be given too. And those who fight ISIS will not give.
  4. +4
    17 October 2019 16: 18
    Oddly enough, but in the exact sciences like chemistry, the Nobel Committee managed to discredit the prize. So, in 1918, the prize in chemistry was awarded to Fritz Gaber

    Hans Albrecht Bethe.
    He received the Nobel Prize 2 decades after, including including his brainchild, in one fell swoop destroyed several hundred thousand civilians of well-known Japanese cities.
    Write it down there?
  5. 0
    17 October 2019 16: 29
    The material is very interesting, but I would also like to turn to the statistician and look at all the laureates from the point of view of what they actually did for the world, and so everyone agrees to serve the "international elite"
    1. +2
      17 October 2019 16: 38
      Quote: Titus
      still to turn to statistics

      For the prize to have weight, it cannot be awarded only to mediocrity and villains. Undoubtedly, many worthy people became its laureates - involuntarily providing the Nobel medal with a weight different from costume jewelry. So, the number of correct awards is not an indicator - this is just a necessity.
      1. +2
        17 October 2019 17: 13
        Quote: Geo⁣
        Undoubtedly, many worthy people have become its laureates -

        Those people who made discoveries in the field of science, they got it for making the world more literate with their brain. And millet premiums, as the people say for "Blah-Blah_bla", do not have such premiums, they are given by order of the "world elite". How can you compare Albert Einstein and Barack Obama? Comments are superfluous.
        1. 0
          17 October 2019 17: 51
          Did Einstein really get a peace prize?
          He got it in physics.
          The Nobel Prize is awarded every year, there are not so many Einsteins in the world, you have to choose smaller figures.
          1. +2
            17 October 2019 18: 39
            Quote: maden.usmanow
            He got it in physics.

            Physics, literature, etc. from this, the Prize is not lower or higher, and the characters are different in weight and position on the globe. Einstein was remembered remembered and will always be remembered as a person, as a physicist and a little as a laureate.
          2. +5
            17 October 2019 19: 14
            Einstein won the prize not for the theory of relativity, which made him famous, but for his discoveries in the field of the photoelectric effect.
            Many people know about this?
            Many people know who Isidor Rabi is and how it is associated with a magnetic resonance imager?
            Very often people know the result, but do not know the scientist who was at the forefront.
            So they seem smaller ....
            1. +2
              18 October 2019 11: 25
              Quote: Avior
              Einstein won the prize not for the theory of relativity, which made him famous, but for his discoveries in the field of the photoelectric effect.
              Many people know about this?
              Many people know who Isidor Rabi is and how it is associated with a magnetic resonance imager?
              Very often people know the result, but do not know the scientist who was at the forefront.
              So they seem smaller ....

              humanity has so many myths (especially heated media)
              that no one remembers anything.
              No photoeffect (in every Soviet textbook it is mentioned what exactly for this the Nobel Prize was given to him and not only to him)
              All stubbornly rush about the theory of relativity (because they heard about it, but about the photoelectric effect no-)
              I’ll even say more with the decline of education - then ask what the photoelectric effect is - almost no one will remember!
              And this is only one of the moments of modern myths ... and there are thousands of them.
            2. +4
              18 October 2019 12: 53
              Quote: Avior
              So they seem smaller ....

              Most will be very surprised when they find out that Einstein is largely a media figure, and the 20th century pressured even more "cool" physicists, about whom they were never a dream. To a large extent, this is the merit of the very Nobel Prize.
    2. 0
      17 October 2019 18: 52
      A total of about 600 awards, five each for more than 120 years.
      But sometimes there were no awards
  6. +4
    17 October 2019 16: 37
    Yasser Arafat is a Nobel Peace Prize laureate. He's just some kind of pigeon.
  7. -1
    17 October 2019 16: 44
    Regarding Rohingya. In the areas of their compact residence, gangs of Islamists are operating.
    The persecution of the Rohingya was the result of a response to the crimes (extremely brutal) of the Rohingya against Buddhists.
    In Kondapog, the same Caucasians pokotsali. They brought it. Nobody called it genocide.
  8. +2
    17 October 2019 16: 59
    The more predatory the hawk / vulture, the more condatatest / lauritic!
    1. +2
      17 October 2019 18: 34
      Quote: rocket757
      The more predatory the hawk / vulture, the more condatatest / lauritic!

      As if to collect them all in one section, to unite. Somehow to call one word .... Do not come up recourse
      1. +2
        17 October 2019 18: 43
        Fantasy is also not enough, for this ....
        Unless to attribute a number to them, the noticeable "ward No. 6".
        1. +2
          17 October 2019 19: 03
          Quote: rocket757
          Fantasy is also not enough, for this ....
          Unless to attribute a number to them, the noticeable "ward No. 6".

          Well, yes, well, yes, In the compulsory ward and in straitjackets, but it’s better to fix it.
  9. -1
    17 October 2019 17: 46
    The Nobel Peace Prize, of course, is such a thing.
    But as for scientific disciplines, and literature, then everything is quite on the level.
  10. 0
    17 October 2019 17: 59
    a reporting mistake led the press to publish news about Nobel’s death

    Well, what, fir-bals, is a mistake? It was a deliberate provocation for Nobel to share. So he shared in this way ... In a slightly similar way, the same Gates also gave all his money to "charity", leaving his children without "honestly earned" funds.
  11. +2
    17 October 2019 18: 00
    The creation of the award was a purely reputational PR step. Exactly the same that the insatiable Rockefeller did at one time after the huge image losses that he suffered after the brutal suppression of the trade union strikes.

    VERY interesting article. When everything is collected in one text, the trends are clearly visible. And here is the same situation with the "Oscors": if an actor or film is awarded the prize, then the film is either about pedikov, or about the Russian invaders.
  12. +5
    17 October 2019 18: 19
    Of course, there are big questions to the Nobel Committee, especially on such a topic as the Peace Prize (it is awarded in Norway, and the rest in Sweden), but the author clearly pulled an owl to the globe in the heat of conviction.
    A huge number of people have received the Nobel Prizes in their entire history, and the fact that there are questions about isolated cases does not mean that the prize has discredited itself.
    It is strange that for some reason the author draws as arguments many people who have nothing to do with the award, but there are also enough questions about his arguments regarding the winner.
    The Jew Fritz Haber was awarded the prize for the development of ammonia synthesis, the "Haber Process", which gave impetus not only to mining, but primarily the development of the chemical industry and agriculture, industrial production of fertilizers and a sharp increase in yields, which in a world where mass deaths from hunger was not uncommon, it was very important.

    As for Cyclone B, it is a drug for sanitization, at the time of development it was very useful and relevant, then typhoid and other infectious diseases were not exotic at all, as now, but a great evil for the world's population.
    The fact that the Nazis used it for their crimes is a completely different issue.
    Knut Gamsun received a prize in literature for the novel Fruits of the Earth, in which there is nothing Nazi or fascist, and at that time Gamsun was a well-known and highly read writer, including in the USSR, an opponent of Anglo-Saxon influence on culture
    In modern literature, I do not see anyone equal to him in the originality of creativity
    Maxim Gorky, 1928

    And how did the Nobel Committee have to guess that he, in old age, at 84 years old, would decide to give Goebbels a medal?
    I think, discussing the work of the Nobel Committee, especially in the field of natural sciences, it’s impossible to cut it off your shoulder.
    1. +2
      17 October 2019 19: 38
      Scientific research is one thing. But the prize for those who brought destruction to people and countries destruction --- is another. Yes, and slanderers after death were given a place in hell, and during life some of them are given prizes, not only the Nobel
    2. 0
      18 October 2019 11: 41
      Quote: Avior
      Of course, there are big questions to the Nobel Committee, especially on such a topic as the Peace Prize (it is awarded in Norway, and the rest in Sweden), but the author clearly pulled an owl to the globe in the heat of conviction.

      the author specially created a Temka about the "injustice" of the world of the "Cursed West".
      He is looking for some kind of justice in the human world (although this is a purely human emotional judgment than a biological necessity or physical process)
      There are many such topics in the world. Those are bad and those are bad, atu them for it, and we are good. Those who got something and we don’t = means unfair.
      There is no justice in the world! Because it is not necessary. Neither biological nor physical.
      Quote: Avior
      Haber's process "

      damn it, I only got 4 because of him ... maybe 5 (the teacher was so shocked, I was marked there as a hopeless practitioner there, he didn’t forgive me for correcting him in terms of solving equations) chemistry at the university. Despite the fact that I learned all of Glinka (Chemistry), I just decided that I would have time to read the topic about this process before the exam itself.
      But I remember it for life).
      Quote: Avior
      but a great evil for the world's population

      there are very serious reasons to believe that the best ways to fight diseases and phenomena are through deadly painful, inhumane, anti-human research methods!
      In general, the principle in order to save a thousand needs to be killed 10 (it’s quite a natural principle, there can still kill 1000 to bring out 10 capable of transferring and transferring the gene to the future)
      A humanist is easy in this world. This is correct and relevant. And in order to succeed, sometimes anti-human actions are needed. (Just to save everyone you need to sacrifice a part)
      but the rest (saved) will not forgive this
      here is such a human world ....
      I repeat once again in the world there is no justice. Neither in the Nobel or anywhere. Rigid natural principles. (Although empathicity and oxytocin are increasing in the world, and testosterone is falling - and this is bad for evolution, but good for living at the moment)
  13. -4
    17 October 2019 19: 08
    all Western democracy, it is so deceitful and two-handed, but our government is striving there probably because of its complete illiteracy and believe me that the director of a prosperous state farm is smarter than the master of sports in judo
  14. +1
    17 October 2019 21: 12
    Well, the peace prize has always been custom-tailored to the right track of politics — I still perceived it since 16, as it is now more understandable for many-customers.
  15. 0
    18 October 2019 05: 37
    Nobel, by the way, did not invent dynamite, but he copied pastry recipe already known by then, and then rose on competent PR ...
    1. +1
      18 October 2019 11: 51
      Quote: RWMos, kwa
      Nobel, by the way, did not invent dynamite, but he copied pastry recipe already known by then, and then rose on competent PR ...

      hinting at Nikolai Zinin and his assistant Vasily Petrushevsky?
      Well, he is their student.
      Nobel, in order to simplify the use of nitroglycerin, began large-scale studies of nitroglycerin-absorbing materials in 1864, successively testing paper, gunpowder, sawdust, cotton wool, coal, gypsum, brick dust and other materials. By the end of the year, it was discovered that the best results are given by kieselguhr, on which Nobel stopped. The whole of 1865 was spent on honing the composition and method of production of explosives, and in 1866 dynamite was presented to the public.
      And in 1868, Colonel Petrushevsky proposed his powdered magnesian dynamite, consisting of 75% nitroglycerin and 25% carbon dioxide magnesia as an absorber (the so-called "Russian Petrushevsky dynamite")
      Nobel pretty much traveled around the world to observe about methods and patents.
      more than three hundred patents .. Edison of his kind, but cooler.
      And about pacifism. Do not be surprised.
      Gatling (and the one who designed the gatling) also believed that if you give a weapon with which the opponents instantly destroy each other, the wars will stop.
      As you can see, how many pacifists have changed and now we have nuclear weapons. And we continue to believe in
      then the rule of pacifism (that having a weapon like nuclear weapons - no one will start a war)
  16. 0
    18 October 2019 23: 09
    The point of no return is long gone. Trump - Literature Award for his letter to the Turkish Sultan!
  17. -1
    21 October 2019 16: 40
    Literature awards are generally foolish to discuss. Everyone has their own opinion. Prizes of the world - a pure conjuncture. I hope in the exact sciences no complaints?

    one part - to the one who makes the most important discovery or invention in the field of physics; the other is to the one who makes the most important discovery or improvement in chemistry; the third - to the one who makes the most important discovery in the field of physiology or medicine; the fourth - to the one who will create the most outstanding literary work of an idealistic trend; fifth, to the one who made the most significant contribution to the rallying of nations, the elimination of slavery, or the reduction in the number of existing armies and the facilitation of peaceful congresses