Purpose - Exactly! 1-I Horse against the enemy cavalry and infantry
Battle Chronicle 1-th Horse enriched with new brilliant pages during the Novograd-Volyn operation (see Throw on Novograd-Volyn). During the fighting with the Poles on the river. Even under Novograd-Volynsky 1-I Horse, despite the resilience of well-trained Polish units, who skillfully used various fortifications, despite the difficulties, overcame all obstacles and defeated the enemy. The rage and enthusiasm of her fighters and commanders knew no bounds.
Thus, one of the bravest of its commanders, the commander of the 34 th cavalry regiment of the 6 th Cavalry Division of Dolgopolov, was mortally wounded near Novograd-Volynsky. He came from peasants hut. Deep Don region. Capturing the regiment near Novograd-Volynsky, he died at the wire obstacles. During the occupation of Novograd-Volynsky, the 36 th cavalry regiment of the 6 th cavalry division first entered the city and became known as Novograd-Volynsky.
Mounted army captured prisoners from the 6 infantry regiments (6, 7, 8, 9, 12 and 20), 3, 6 and 7 infantry divisions, as well as from the 3 cavalry regiments (9-th hussars, 3-th Uhlan and 11-th horse rangers).
Operation on the river. Oh, and under Novograd-Volyn delayed due to the specific conditions of the nature of the terrain. A wooded swampy area, rugged by swampy valleys, streams and rivers, did not allow cavalry to use the element of surprise. The area for cavalry actions was very difficult and, on the contrary, contributed to the defense of the Poles, especially on the rivers of the Oh, Ubrat and Sluch.
Crucial importance under Novograd-Volynsky was a bypass movement of the 2-divisional strike group - deciding the fate of the Novograd-Volyn battle.
Fights on the river. Already at Novograd-Volynsky lasted continuously for 9 days. The fighting often took place during the day and night.
Of great tactical and operational interest is the attack of the 2 th brigade of the 4 th Civisia fortified enemy positions.
The positions of the Poles on the line of the Olevsk-Emilchino-Novograd-Volynsky line included full profile trenches with a network of message lines and 2 rows of wire barriers in the 6 stakes rows each (and in some places in the 10 stakes), the roads were closed with slingshots.
The terrain in the area was covered with stripes of solid forest, the soil is marshy, and in many places rivers and streams flowed. There are few roads - and they are mostly forest and country roads, and the most convenient for traffic was the Olevsk-Novograd-Volynsky road.
4-I cavalry division was supposed to hit on m. Emilchino. The artillery consisting of the horse-artillery battalion was battery-distributed among the brigades (each battery is 4 three-inch guns).
On June 24, the vanguard of the 1 and 3 brigade launched an attack on Emilchino, but under the hurricane fire of Polish artillery stumbled upon fortifications, suffered losses, dismounted, and started a shooting bout.
Convenient approaches for the forthcoming attack were discovered by intelligence — on a large road northeast of the town. In this place, instead of a wire, slingshots were placed, and observation of the enemy was not particularly vigilant. The avant-garde, reinforced by the 23 cavalry regiment with the support of the 2 batteries, had to launch a demonstrative attack on Emilcino from the front, while the 1 brigade was to attack the enemy in the flank from the north in equestrian formation.
Having made a detour through the forest, the 1-I brigade was on the highway.
The active actions of the 3 Brigade, the strong and effective fire of the red batteries, as well as the 1 Brigade bypass maneuver caused confusion in the ranks of the enemy. This took advantage of the 1-I brigade, thrown into the attack in the equestrian ranks, scattering slingshots. Opponent fled.
Both cavalry regiments (21 and 22) of the 2 brigade concentrated on the western outskirts of the village of Cecilivka. After reconnaissance, it was decided to energetically attack the upset enemy: the dismounted squadrons should attack the eastern edge of the village. Serbs; artillery ordered to cover the enemy’s trenches and batteries with a runaway fire, while the remaining units of the 21 and 22 cavalry regiments (8 squadrons) were to concentrate behind the eastern slope of the left bank of the r. Berestok.
The advancing squadrons reached the wire obstacles, which began to cut down with swords. At this time, 2 squadron 21 of the cavalry regiment, taking advantage of the presence of slingshots instead of stakes on the road from the village of Cecilivka on the village of Serbs, made a passage, breaking through the road Emilchino - Serbs. The gunners were supposed to support the attack.
The task assigned to these two squadrons was completed successfully. Then 6 squadrons from the front attacked the wire barriers. The attack was hampered by the conditions of the terrain, which impeded the movement of cavalry and did not allow machine-gun carriages to advance behind parts.
But the enemy, shaken by the horse mass unfolded in front of him, having forgotten about solid obstacles, without using the power of fire and his reserves, partly surrendered to captivity, partly fled.
The pursuing squadrons inflicted very sensitive losses on the Poles and captured a howitzer battery at full strength, which they immediately turned against the enemy.
The Poles made reinforced regroupings all night, having decided to go on the offensive with the dawn and push back the 4 th cavalry division. But the latter warned the enemy and struck him herself.
As a result, the enemy lost killed and captured by 500 people, as well as 7 guns, 36 machine guns, a lot of rifles and other military spoils.
The operation of the 4 Cavalry Division (and above all its 2 Brigade) is an outstanding example of successful cavalry in breaking through the fortified defenses of the enemy. The moral impression from the attack of the cavalry masses on the enemy infantry, even in heavily fortified entrenchments tangled with wire, was so great that it determined the fate of the operation.
Another demonstration operation of the 1 Cavalry Army on the Polish front is the Rivne operation.
Having captured Novograd-Volynsky, the Cavalry Army by the evening of June 28 on the orders of the commander No. 080 / op. out on the line p. Korchik with the aim of securing the left bank of the r. Case The exit to the specified line met stubborn resistance from the enemy, who tried to settle on the river. Korchik. On the left flank of the army there was no fighting.
29-th, 30-th of June and 1-th of July, the army remained in the occupied area, bringing himself and his horse composition in order.
In the morning of July 1, an adversary with a force of up to 2 infantry and 2 cavalry regiments, supported by armored vehicles, launched an offensive from Mezhirichi along the Koretz highway. 4-th cavalry division, with the support of the 1-th brigade 6 th cavalry division, fought hard against the opposing enemy until late at night. After suffering heavy losses, the enemy retreated in panic to Goshcha (on the Goryn River).
4-th cavalry division in this battle captured 1000 prisoners, 4 serviceable guns with horses and 40 machine guns. During the horse attack, it was hacked up to 600 Poles. To the south, km in 25 southwest of M. Korets, the enemy tried to bring down parts of the 6 th cavalry division, but to no avail. On the rest of the front of the army of July 1 th fighting was not.
So, during 28, 29, 30, June and 1, the Cavalry Army remained in place, intensively preparing for a new operation to capture Rovno.
The horse of the army was overworked and demanded a stop and reinforced feeding; divisions replenished their food and combat supplies from army bases. By order of the RVS and army headquarters, the railway bridge over the r. The Black Grouse at Chudnov-Volynsky, and by the end of the Rivne operation, train traffic was set up to st. Full and further to Shepetovka. Army headquarters and army facilities with bases were organized in the Zhytomyr-Berdichev-Kazatin area.
Intelligence of the army, it was found that the enemy after defeat on the river. Sluch settled on the river. Horyn, erecting serious fortifications along the line Rivne - Ostrog - Izyaslavl.
With the new frontline directive, the following tasks were set - 1th Mounted Horse and its neighboring 12th and 14th armies:
1 of the Cavalry Army, in pursuit of a defeated enemy, should have taken Rovno no later than 3 on July;
12 th Army, forcing the river. The case of Berezno - Ludvipol, should have taken Kostopol no later than 3 on July 14 — Exactly and moved north.
14-I army had to seize the area Starokonstantinov - Proskurov, eliminating the Dniester group of the enemy.
In fact, the entire operation according to the directive of the front fell on 1-th Horse, because the neighboring armies moved very slowly and were able to get out on 5 July: 12-I army to Perga-Olevsk-Gorodenitsa, and 14-I army to Yuzefpol-Letichev .
The commander of the 1-th Horse Mounted Order 081 / op ordered his divisions:
4 of the cavalry, by dawn of 2, will advance to Rovno by the advanced units, seizing the ferry across the Goryn (section Tuchin - Goshcha - Simonovo). The division was supposed to provide an army operation from the north, leading a demonstrative attack in the direction of Rovno from the east, trying to seize the crossings across the r. Horyn on the above site. The division was given a heavy artillery division of the army.
The 6-th, 4-i and 14-th cavalry divisions were intended for delivering the main strike and capture of the railway junction Exactly (from the south). On the night of July 2, concentrating in the Zhukov-Annopol area and to the south, they should have crossed the Goryn River near the town of Ostrog at dawn of July 2. After crossing the 6-I, the cavalry division was to move north to capture bridges and crossings in the Ozheny-Brodovo area, and the 11-I cavalry division, developing an offensive on the big road to Varkovichi, by the evening of July 2 was to occupy the Mikhalpol region (acting west of the 6 division). After the crossing, the 14-th cavalry division was to develop an offensive in the direction of Izyaslavl, thus providing an 2-th and 6-th cavalry division from the south during 11. For the night, the division was to be located in the villages to the south and south-west of the city of Ostrog.
With the dawn of July 3, the 6, 11, and 14 Cavalry Divisions were to develop a swift advance to the north — to capture the city of Rovno. 6-I had to go around the city from the west - north-west, and 11-I and 14-I - from the south - south-east.
Nachdivu-45 was instructed on July 2 to send the Kotovsky cavalry brigade to Starokonstantinov to assist the 14 army. The main forces of the division were to go on the offensive on the city of Dubno and by the evening of July 3 go to the Varkovichi-Obgov line, and on July 4, take the city of Dubno.
The advanced army base was advanced to the Novograd-Volynsky area.
In the sense of setting the tasks, the distribution of forces and the element of time, the operative order for the army No. 081 / op was perfectly correct; the demonstrative task of the 4 Cavalry Division along the highway to Rovno did not give the enemy an opportunity to quickly unravel the plan of action for the unification; the main shock weight of the army to the crossings on the r. Ostrog Horyn concentrated at night and was strong enough to complete the task.
Ensuring the operation of the army from the north and from the south was sufficient (from the north of the 4-I cavalry division, from the south - the 45-I rifle division).
July 2 The 4 Cavalry Division, without interference from the enemy, entered the area assigned to it. 6-I and 11-I cavalry divisions, moving in the general direction to Ostrog, by July 16-2 hours came to the p. Horyn - north of Ostrog. The enemy did not resist - only at the railway bridge in Brodovo there was a fierce battle with the Polish infantry and 3 armored trains defending the crossing.
To be continued ...
Results Novograd-Volyn operation
Thus, one of the bravest of its commanders, the commander of the 34 th cavalry regiment of the 6 th Cavalry Division of Dolgopolov, was mortally wounded near Novograd-Volynsky. He came from peasants hut. Deep Don region. Capturing the regiment near Novograd-Volynsky, he died at the wire obstacles. During the occupation of Novograd-Volynsky, the 36 th cavalry regiment of the 6 th cavalry division first entered the city and became known as Novograd-Volynsky.
Mounted army captured prisoners from the 6 infantry regiments (6, 7, 8, 9, 12 and 20), 3, 6 and 7 infantry divisions, as well as from the 3 cavalry regiments (9-th hussars, 3-th Uhlan and 11-th horse rangers).
Operation on the river. Oh, and under Novograd-Volyn delayed due to the specific conditions of the nature of the terrain. A wooded swampy area, rugged by swampy valleys, streams and rivers, did not allow cavalry to use the element of surprise. The area for cavalry actions was very difficult and, on the contrary, contributed to the defense of the Poles, especially on the rivers of the Oh, Ubrat and Sluch.
Crucial importance under Novograd-Volynsky was a bypass movement of the 2-divisional strike group - deciding the fate of the Novograd-Volyn battle.
Fights on the river. Already at Novograd-Volynsky lasted continuously for 9 days. The fighting often took place during the day and night.
Emilchino. 4 Cavalry Division Battle Glory Page
Of great tactical and operational interest is the attack of the 2 th brigade of the 4 th Civisia fortified enemy positions.
The positions of the Poles on the line of the Olevsk-Emilchino-Novograd-Volynsky line included full profile trenches with a network of message lines and 2 rows of wire barriers in the 6 stakes rows each (and in some places in the 10 stakes), the roads were closed with slingshots.
The terrain in the area was covered with stripes of solid forest, the soil is marshy, and in many places rivers and streams flowed. There are few roads - and they are mostly forest and country roads, and the most convenient for traffic was the Olevsk-Novograd-Volynsky road.
4-I cavalry division was supposed to hit on m. Emilchino. The artillery consisting of the horse-artillery battalion was battery-distributed among the brigades (each battery is 4 three-inch guns).
On June 24, the vanguard of the 1 and 3 brigade launched an attack on Emilchino, but under the hurricane fire of Polish artillery stumbled upon fortifications, suffered losses, dismounted, and started a shooting bout.
Convenient approaches for the forthcoming attack were discovered by intelligence — on a large road northeast of the town. In this place, instead of a wire, slingshots were placed, and observation of the enemy was not particularly vigilant. The avant-garde, reinforced by the 23 cavalry regiment with the support of the 2 batteries, had to launch a demonstrative attack on Emilcino from the front, while the 1 brigade was to attack the enemy in the flank from the north in equestrian formation.
Having made a detour through the forest, the 1-I brigade was on the highway.
The active actions of the 3 Brigade, the strong and effective fire of the red batteries, as well as the 1 Brigade bypass maneuver caused confusion in the ranks of the enemy. This took advantage of the 1-I brigade, thrown into the attack in the equestrian ranks, scattering slingshots. Opponent fled.
Both cavalry regiments (21 and 22) of the 2 brigade concentrated on the western outskirts of the village of Cecilivka. After reconnaissance, it was decided to energetically attack the upset enemy: the dismounted squadrons should attack the eastern edge of the village. Serbs; artillery ordered to cover the enemy’s trenches and batteries with a runaway fire, while the remaining units of the 21 and 22 cavalry regiments (8 squadrons) were to concentrate behind the eastern slope of the left bank of the r. Berestok.
The advancing squadrons reached the wire obstacles, which began to cut down with swords. At this time, 2 squadron 21 of the cavalry regiment, taking advantage of the presence of slingshots instead of stakes on the road from the village of Cecilivka on the village of Serbs, made a passage, breaking through the road Emilchino - Serbs. The gunners were supposed to support the attack.
The task assigned to these two squadrons was completed successfully. Then 6 squadrons from the front attacked the wire barriers. The attack was hampered by the conditions of the terrain, which impeded the movement of cavalry and did not allow machine-gun carriages to advance behind parts.
But the enemy, shaken by the horse mass unfolded in front of him, having forgotten about solid obstacles, without using the power of fire and his reserves, partly surrendered to captivity, partly fled.
The pursuing squadrons inflicted very sensitive losses on the Poles and captured a howitzer battery at full strength, which they immediately turned against the enemy.
The Poles made reinforced regroupings all night, having decided to go on the offensive with the dawn and push back the 4 th cavalry division. But the latter warned the enemy and struck him herself.
As a result, the enemy lost killed and captured by 500 people, as well as 7 guns, 36 machine guns, a lot of rifles and other military spoils.
The operation of the 4 Cavalry Division (and above all its 2 Brigade) is an outstanding example of successful cavalry in breaking through the fortified defenses of the enemy. The moral impression from the attack of the cavalry masses on the enemy infantry, even in heavily fortified entrenchments tangled with wire, was so great that it determined the fate of the operation.
Another demonstration operation of the 1 Cavalry Army on the Polish front is the Rivne operation.
Having captured Novograd-Volynsky, the Cavalry Army by the evening of June 28 on the orders of the commander No. 080 / op. out on the line p. Korchik with the aim of securing the left bank of the r. Case The exit to the specified line met stubborn resistance from the enemy, who tried to settle on the river. Korchik. On the left flank of the army there was no fighting.
29-th, 30-th of June and 1-th of July, the army remained in the occupied area, bringing himself and his horse composition in order.
In the morning of July 1, an adversary with a force of up to 2 infantry and 2 cavalry regiments, supported by armored vehicles, launched an offensive from Mezhirichi along the Koretz highway. 4-th cavalry division, with the support of the 1-th brigade 6 th cavalry division, fought hard against the opposing enemy until late at night. After suffering heavy losses, the enemy retreated in panic to Goshcha (on the Goryn River).
4-th cavalry division in this battle captured 1000 prisoners, 4 serviceable guns with horses and 40 machine guns. During the horse attack, it was hacked up to 600 Poles. To the south, km in 25 southwest of M. Korets, the enemy tried to bring down parts of the 6 th cavalry division, but to no avail. On the rest of the front of the army of July 1 th fighting was not.
So, during 28, 29, 30, June and 1, the Cavalry Army remained in place, intensively preparing for a new operation to capture Rovno.
Offensive on Exactly
The horse of the army was overworked and demanded a stop and reinforced feeding; divisions replenished their food and combat supplies from army bases. By order of the RVS and army headquarters, the railway bridge over the r. The Black Grouse at Chudnov-Volynsky, and by the end of the Rivne operation, train traffic was set up to st. Full and further to Shepetovka. Army headquarters and army facilities with bases were organized in the Zhytomyr-Berdichev-Kazatin area.
Intelligence of the army, it was found that the enemy after defeat on the river. Sluch settled on the river. Horyn, erecting serious fortifications along the line Rivne - Ostrog - Izyaslavl.
With the new frontline directive, the following tasks were set - 1th Mounted Horse and its neighboring 12th and 14th armies:
1 of the Cavalry Army, in pursuit of a defeated enemy, should have taken Rovno no later than 3 on July;
12 th Army, forcing the river. The case of Berezno - Ludvipol, should have taken Kostopol no later than 3 on July 14 — Exactly and moved north.
14-I army had to seize the area Starokonstantinov - Proskurov, eliminating the Dniester group of the enemy.
In fact, the entire operation according to the directive of the front fell on 1-th Horse, because the neighboring armies moved very slowly and were able to get out on 5 July: 12-I army to Perga-Olevsk-Gorodenitsa, and 14-I army to Yuzefpol-Letichev .
The commander of the 1-th Horse Mounted Order 081 / op ordered his divisions:
4 of the cavalry, by dawn of 2, will advance to Rovno by the advanced units, seizing the ferry across the Goryn (section Tuchin - Goshcha - Simonovo). The division was supposed to provide an army operation from the north, leading a demonstrative attack in the direction of Rovno from the east, trying to seize the crossings across the r. Horyn on the above site. The division was given a heavy artillery division of the army.
The 6-th, 4-i and 14-th cavalry divisions were intended for delivering the main strike and capture of the railway junction Exactly (from the south). On the night of July 2, concentrating in the Zhukov-Annopol area and to the south, they should have crossed the Goryn River near the town of Ostrog at dawn of July 2. After crossing the 6-I, the cavalry division was to move north to capture bridges and crossings in the Ozheny-Brodovo area, and the 11-I cavalry division, developing an offensive on the big road to Varkovichi, by the evening of July 2 was to occupy the Mikhalpol region (acting west of the 6 division). After the crossing, the 14-th cavalry division was to develop an offensive in the direction of Izyaslavl, thus providing an 2-th and 6-th cavalry division from the south during 11. For the night, the division was to be located in the villages to the south and south-west of the city of Ostrog.
With the dawn of July 3, the 6, 11, and 14 Cavalry Divisions were to develop a swift advance to the north — to capture the city of Rovno. 6-I had to go around the city from the west - north-west, and 11-I and 14-I - from the south - south-east.
Nachdivu-45 was instructed on July 2 to send the Kotovsky cavalry brigade to Starokonstantinov to assist the 14 army. The main forces of the division were to go on the offensive on the city of Dubno and by the evening of July 3 go to the Varkovichi-Obgov line, and on July 4, take the city of Dubno.
The advanced army base was advanced to the Novograd-Volynsky area.
In the sense of setting the tasks, the distribution of forces and the element of time, the operative order for the army No. 081 / op was perfectly correct; the demonstrative task of the 4 Cavalry Division along the highway to Rovno did not give the enemy an opportunity to quickly unravel the plan of action for the unification; the main shock weight of the army to the crossings on the r. Ostrog Horyn concentrated at night and was strong enough to complete the task.
Ensuring the operation of the army from the north and from the south was sufficient (from the north of the 4-I cavalry division, from the south - the 45-I rifle division).
July 2 The 4 Cavalry Division, without interference from the enemy, entered the area assigned to it. 6-I and 11-I cavalry divisions, moving in the general direction to Ostrog, by July 16-2 hours came to the p. Horyn - north of Ostrog. The enemy did not resist - only at the railway bridge in Brodovo there was a fierce battle with the Polish infantry and 3 armored trains defending the crossing.
To be continued ...
Information