Don Service Komarich 1646 of the Year
In the Tatar invasions of 1643-45 on the territory of the Moscow state, as reported by various sources of the time, took part from 50 to 60 thousands of Crimeans. Such serious predatory campaigns deep into Muscovy could only be possible in the complete absence of the likelihood of a retaliatory strike to the rear - the Crimean peninsula.
Very often it happened that the Tatar campaigns disrupted the sea raids of the Don Cossacks, but at the time of the middle of the 40-ies of the XVII century, the situation changed radically.
In 1646, the Moscow government put forward a plan for a military campaign to promote Russian troops in the lower reaches of the Don. This was mainly due to the request of the Don Cossacks, exhausted by the struggle against the Tatars and Turks of 1644-45. Ataman P. Chesnokhikhin, in the autumn of 1645, brings to Moscow a collective petition of Don officers, asking for help with money, bread and gunpowder.
Let us dwell in more detail on the device in the Don service of free-eager people, Zhdan Kondyrev, among whom were our countrymen, the Komaritsya, the palace peasants of Komaritsky volost, Sevsky uezd. At first, the staff of this newly-fledged military community was quite regulated in size - about 3000 volunteers. Peasants, serfs and service people were not subject to the device, Zhdan Kondyreva was told about this by saying: “And if the military people went to the Don from their fathers children, from brothers to brothers, nephews from uncles, so that they don’t neglect the services and burdensome sites.
The Moscow government had high hopes for the Don Cossacks on the eve of a serious confrontation with the Tatars. Prince Semyon Romanovich Pozharsky and Zhdan Kondyrev, a nobleman from Voronezh, with three thousand free-witted people, should have come up to the lower reaches of the Don with their warriors. Prince Pozharsky, along with the Don Cossacks, was to make a trip to Perekop, and Zhdan Kondyrev - with eager people and Donsky - by sea on ships to the shores of the Crimea.
In Moscow, at first they were skeptical that Zhdan Kondyrev would manage to recruit such a number of Don service volunteers in time. Therefore, the son of the boyar P. Krasnikov, who had to tidy up three thousand volunteers of 1000 people in Ryazhsk, Pronsk, Lebedyan, Epifani, Dankov, Efremov, Sapozhka, Mikhailov and Kozlov, became a help to him in this case. Parallel to this, in Shatsk and Tambov, V. Ugrimov and O. Karpov were entrusted with recruitment of people in need. Tsarist letters on the recruitment of volunteers were sent to all the South Russian cities, which were read out “in tenders and in small trades over many days.”
We want people to be obliged to build a court in Voronezh themselves. The salary was assigned to the volunteers as follows: “those who have their own food” - according to 5,5 of the ruble, having no “one” - 4,5 of the ruble; "All by a pound of potion and two pounds of lead." But the main task of the stay of the people on the Don was to strengthen the Don Cossacks, in this case the number of staffs.
5 April 1646, Zhdan Kondyrev with the first group of volunteers arrives in Voronezh. Contrary to the assumptions of the government, the number of people willing to “become Don Cossacks” exceeded the permissible rate. The serfs, serfs, small service people tried to incorporate into the “free eager people”. So the peasants of the fiefdom of O. Sukin from Novosilsky district, one and all person “leaving their colts” served in the Don volunteers.
The main motives of the free population of the south of Russia to become volunteers of the “Don Service” were the acquisition of personal freedom on the Don, as well as revenge for their relatives in Tatar and revenge for their dead relatives.
By April 20, the number of volunteers significantly exceeded 3 thousands of people, but the influx of eager people to Voronezh continued. On April 27, the elected ataman of freemen of the Seversk cities, Andrei Pokushalov, brings in a thousand volunteers from Rylsk, Sevsk, Putivl and Kursk - from the districts subjected to the most devastating Tatar raids of 1644-45. At first Zhdan Kondyrev decidedly refused to accept them. Then, the hunt people send a collective petition to Moscow with Ivan Telegin, in which they declare that they are going against the Tatars because "they have Crimean people full of fathers, mothers, wives, children, brothers and nephews."
The response from the discharge order to the petition of the Seversk volunteers was the order to issue them a salary and leave for the Don, along with the main detachment.
When building ships, most volunteers refused to do this, unrest began, and on May 3 Zhdan Kondyrev hastened to quickly sail to the lower reaches of the Don on riverboats gathered from everywhere. Together with him, 3037 people arrived at the capital of the Don Army, Cherkassk, on 70 ships. In addition to officially registered in a kind of register - personal lists of volunteers - eager people - several other detachments from Belgorod, Chuguev, Oskol and Valuek moved to the Don in the structures of Seversky Donets. A few Cherkas detachments passed through Belgorod, volunteers from Shatsk and Tambov descended on the river Khoper. Judging by the message of Zhdan Kondyrev in the summer of 1646 of the year, the number of people on the Don wanted to be 10 thousand people, more than half of them were left without a due salary.
It is interesting that the departure of the peasants to the Don among the eager people was officially witnessed in the 40's scribal books in Rylskoye county - one of the main "suppliers" of Don Volunteers of the North, "Andrei Pokushalov's train," mostly from landowner villages. Mostly with the permission of the landowner, the sons of those peasants who, according to 2-3, had a son, were released to Don, for which the scribal books contain the following note - “posh Don”. Of course, a similar situation should be observed in other districts, from which voluntary artelsters left for the Don steppe.
Together with the military people of Prince Pozharsky, who came from Astrakhan, the number of 1700 people, two thousand Nogai Tatars and the Circassians of Prince Mutsal Cherkassky in the lower reaches of the Don concentrated about 20 thousand people.
As was to be expected, it was not easy for Commander Semyon Pozharsky to command such a "disparate" contingent.
According to the regulations of the tsar's decree, all this motley army had to fight with the Crimea and the Nogai, without touching Azov and the Turks. However, the Don Atamans insisted on a campaign under the Azov, by that time well fortified by the Turks. In June, the Donats did succeed, however, the attack was easily reflected by the Turks. After an unsuccessful attempt at assault on the Azov fortress, the Don team decided to crush the ulus of the Nogai and Azov Tatars. They were joined by the ratification of Prince Pozharsky. Everything happened very successfully, 7000 Tatars and Nogai, 6 thousands of cows and 2 thousands of sheep were taken in full. With all this loot, the warriors returned to Cherkassk. When sharing all this good, a conflict erupted between the eager people of Kondyrev with the Astrakhan archers and the Circassians of Prince Mutsal. It is likely that the battered warriors did not want to recognize in the eager people equal to themselves. The prey from the people of Kondyrev was taken away and taken away to Kagalnik, where a trophy divide later occurred. Outraged by this circumstance, Prince Pozharsky demanded the return of a part of the deserved prey to his eager people. He boldly appeared in the bandit camp and openly made claims to Astrakhan and Circassians. Furious with the impudent act of the prince, the troublemakers refused him a curse and fired two pishchali
The chronology of the Crimean events is as follows:
Unwilling to bring the conflict to bloodshed, Prince Pozharsky did not insist on the issuance of trophies.
Together with the Don Cossacks, Zhdan Kondyrev organizes a sea voyage to the coast of the Crimea on 37 planes, with 50-60 people on each. However, on the occasion of bad weather and a storm, 5 strugov was broken on the rocks, the detachment had to return to Cherkassk.
At the beginning of September 1646, a detachment of Cossacks and eager people entered the Sea of Azov, soon moored to the Upper Berdy wharf. From here, the sea route of the Russian military men lay to the Crimean town of Robotok and “to the Crimean yurts to Kazanrog (Taganrog)”, where one September night (the first half of this month) was anchored. In the afternoon they did not dare to go on the struga, fearing to be seen by the Crimean people - therefore, it was decided to wait for the day at sea. However, the bold plans of the Donets and the eager people were disturbed by the raging weather - “the sea weather was great for those days.” Struga was scattered across the sea, where the unlucky Cossacks wore for three days, until “they brought ... above the Gnilov Sea to the end of the Biryuchy Spit and rozbilo to the coast, sovereign, by the sea weather five planes”. The injured Don and hunt people managed to escape by reaching the coast where their comrades picked up other planes, but the supplies were sunk. On the occasion of a new storm that lasted for ten days, the Cossacks were forced to wait out bad weather on the shore. According to the petitioners, the detachment's whereabouts were discovered by the Tatar patrol units: “... and they taught the Crimean Tatars around us and to drive us to the Zbirat”. At the gathering of the Don atamans with Zhdan Kondyrev and Mikhail Shishkin, it was decided to “interconnect” that the sudden attack on the Tatar town was no longer possible, “because of the knowledge of the Crimean Tatar”. The detachment retreated to the Nizhnyye Berdy wharf, but even here the military men were again caught by the harsh bad weather, which lasted 8 days. Taking advantage of a brief lull, Cossacks and people eagerly moved to Krivoy Kosa, where they once again had to wait out the sea storm for 5 days. The repeated nightly attempt to quietly approach Taganrog by sea was again failed: "... and at night, sir, the sea weather changed, and the plane, sir, rode into the sea." As the bad weather subsided, the military people began to converge at the pier, from which they moved to the Don Ustye. Here the detachment was again taken by surprise by the natural incidence, “the great sea weather had set in and the wind was nasty, and it carried ... from the Don to the sea, and carried apart, and brought it to small places.” Here the strugi were stranded, “those strugs with the shoals were swayed into the Don channel in Kutümü.” Meanwhile, from Azov, Mustafa Bay, "gathering from the Tatars," came to the Cossack camp, began to burn strugi. Seeing such a thing, the Don people “didn’t take joy themselves” began to burn their own, so that they would not fall into the hands of the Crimeans. They themselves fled to the planes standing nearby in the canal. Walking on the canals along the “Kalanchey to Don” channel, the people of Don and the eager people of Zhdan Kondyrev and Mikhail Shishkin came under artillery bombardment of Mustafa Bay and Turkish janissaries in the service of the Crimeans. Leaving on the rowers rowers, the Cossacks and the eager people went ashore, where they took the fight. Judging by the words of the petitioners, the Cossacks "with free people killed [Tatars] many, and rebuilt others and horsemen beat many under them." October 17 military people returned to Cherkassy town.
All the costs of the provisional and monetary supply of the Cossack army and the ratification of willing people surfaced in sync with the unsuccessful Crimean campaign — information about the reasons for the salary delay was delayed until January of the following year, before the Don State received a certificate that the state salary was “winterized” in Voronezh. In the letter it was prescribed to donators to share their salaries with “new-driven” eager people, to feed them with their own reserves, in the spring they promised to send a long-awaited salary: “they will send you in spring”. On the occasion of the delay, there was a sending of food and money from Tsaritsyn - “to your Cossack town, to Five Izb” 5 thousand chetye rye flour.
An unsuccessful attempt to land on the shores of the Crimea, the lack of food supplies and ammunition, predetermined the unfavorable outcome of the entire campaign. In the fall, among the eager people, famine began, which led to the death of many volunteers, which led to the wholesale flight back to Russia. The main contingent of free people was peasants. October 5 1646 of the year in Kursk came from Don 52 man who were "bargaining bats" and imprisoned. From the painting of the fugitives, it follows that among them the children of the boyar decisive people were 4 people, the children of boyars unbelievers - 9, landlord peasants - 24, monastic - 5, slaves - 3, walking people - 1, relatives of serving people - 3, square dyak dyak - dyak dyak. the monastic servant is 1, the chicken mailer is 1.
During the interrogation of the fugitives by the Kursk voivod A. Lazarev, everyone answered the same way: “I went back from hunger,” “I went back, because the stock was not given”.
By the beginning of 1647, no more than 10 thousand remained of 2 of thousands of free eager people on the Don. Rati Prince Pozharsky long ago left the Don lands. However, the Russian government did not intend to return volunteers - in 1647 a salary was sent to Don twice: “food, money, and ammunition.”
Unfortunately, archival reports did not preserve information about the Komarites in the Don service — whether they sat on the Don and became “new” Don Cossacks, died in battles with the Crimeans or fled to the Ukrainian cities — we do not know.
Lists of free hunting people, who became "Don Don Cossacks of the New Apparatus", "who remained in the Don Army to serve the great sovereign" were published in the third book, "Don Affairs" (p. 327-364). The second echelon of “free to people tidied up in Voronezh by Zhdan Kondyrev, Mikhail Shishkin and under clerk Cyril Anfingenov”, assigned to the Don reference to the staff of the Don Cossacks, is presented in the same book “Don Affairs” on the 591-654 pages. Geographical nicknames give a rough picture supplement the eager people TN "second tier" - with some regions came to collect on the Don novopribornogo service gang freestyle folk: Elchaninov, Kurmyshenin, Vologzhanin, Tulenin, Astrahanets, Jaroslawiec, Kadomets, Kazanets, Lyskovets, Uglechanin , Kozlovets, Lomovskoy, Kurchenin, Moskvitin, Kasimovets, Krapivenets - and so forth. And of that - about 60% of the total family fund of cleaned free people. Judging by geographical nicknames - there are no mosquitoes among them ...
Who served as the main element for the formation of free “pens” of the Don service from the Komarites? Basically, they are palace peasants, people walking and relatives of servicemen - an analysis of the family fund of tidied volunteers speaks about this. In the article about the Cochak regiments of the Komaritsky volost, as a forerunner to the militia services of the palace peasants, we have already tacitly noted that the parish itself, inhabited by sturgeon sticks, has remained in a special paramilitary position since the time of Lithuanian domination. The dense forests of the north, the volosts and the free-lance forest-steppes of its south constantly attracted all kinds of newcomers, some of whom later formed the military-peasant community itself. So in the painting "peasant" Brasovsky and Glodnevsky camps 1630 of the year
- who and with what fight should be in Bryansk during a siege time we find Dorogobuzhsky, Kurchenin, Smolyaninov, Shatsky and Ryazantse ...
“Don Affairs” gives us a real opportunity to get acquainted with the personal composition of ratiers of eager people, which can serve as a good starting “platform” for genealogical research.
The handwritten entries looked like this (we’ll give it as a visual template): “[after the personalities] ... we all [indicated the city] the willing people of the Don Service entrusted us if we told each other about the people who wrote this name that we took the sovereign's salary: they had their own food, five rubles each, and they didn’t have their own food, and we took three rubles and a half a thousand rubles, and that we should serve the sovereign Tsarova and the great Prince Alexei Mikhailovich vsea Russian service in the Army on the Don and be ready for all of us, where, under the sovereign's order, the sovereign voivods, and the commanding people, and the Don members of the army shall indicate to the army. And that, according to the sovereign's decree, we are given a salary, money, and a gun, and for our responsibility we should not drink to drink the sovereign's salary, and not steal it, and not steal anyone's stealing; and the Tsar Tsar and Grand Duke Alexei Mikhailovich not to change Russia, and don not run away and not leave without leave. And in the Crimea, and in Lithuania, and these countries do not drive off. And it will be hto for our bail of the sovereign of the service of the Don to run up, or he will steal the sovereign's salary or go to the sovereign Ukrainian townships, and we, the guarantors of the sovereign tsar and grand duke Alexei Mikhailovich, all of Russia, and the penalties that the sovereign will point out and ours Poorutchikov head together with evo head. And Coy we will be a lieutenant in the faces, on the sovereign's penalty, and bail, and the sovereign's salary. And then [the name of the hearer or deacon who wrote the handwritten note]. ”
Sources:
V.P. Zagorovsky "Belgorod line", p. Xnumx
RGADA, Stolbtsy Belgorodsky table, D. 36, l. Xnumx
Ibid, ll. 134-135
In the same place, d. 908, l. Xnumx
RGADA, Order Table Columns, d. 162, l. Xnumx
RIB, T. 24, St. Petersburg 1906 g, p. Xnumx
In the same place, with .810-811, 860, 901-919
Ib Babulin "Prince Semyon Pozharsky and Konotop Battle", St. Petersburg 2009, s.19-20
A.A. Novoselsky, “The Struggle of the Moscow State against the Tatars in the First Half of the 17th Century”, M. 1948, p. Xnumx
RGADA, Stolbtsy Belgorodsky table, D. 228, ll. 146-154
Don Affairs, St. Petersburg 1909 Year, p. 263-267
Ibid., P. 228.
In the same place, d. 217, ll. 128-136
A.S. Rakitin, “Dostochnye Cossacks of the Komaritsky parish”, M. 2009
RGADA, Columns of the Sevsky table, d. 78, ll. 136-173
Don affairs, Prince 2. St. Petersburg, 1906. Russian historical library published by the Imperial Archaeographic Commission. T. 24. - “Columns No. 931-1042 -“ Reciprocal records of free military men recruited in Ukrainian cities to be sent to the Don to help the Don Army (1646) ”.
Very often it happened that the Tatar campaigns disrupted the sea raids of the Don Cossacks, but at the time of the middle of the 40-ies of the XVII century, the situation changed radically.
In 1646, the Moscow government put forward a plan for a military campaign to promote Russian troops in the lower reaches of the Don. This was mainly due to the request of the Don Cossacks, exhausted by the struggle against the Tatars and Turks of 1644-45. Ataman P. Chesnokhikhin, in the autumn of 1645, brings to Moscow a collective petition of Don officers, asking for help with money, bread and gunpowder.
Let us dwell in more detail on the device in the Don service of free-eager people, Zhdan Kondyrev, among whom were our countrymen, the Komaritsya, the palace peasants of Komaritsky volost, Sevsky uezd. At first, the staff of this newly-fledged military community was quite regulated in size - about 3000 volunteers. Peasants, serfs and service people were not subject to the device, Zhdan Kondyreva was told about this by saying: “And if the military people went to the Don from their fathers children, from brothers to brothers, nephews from uncles, so that they don’t neglect the services and burdensome sites.
The Moscow government had high hopes for the Don Cossacks on the eve of a serious confrontation with the Tatars. Prince Semyon Romanovich Pozharsky and Zhdan Kondyrev, a nobleman from Voronezh, with three thousand free-witted people, should have come up to the lower reaches of the Don with their warriors. Prince Pozharsky, along with the Don Cossacks, was to make a trip to Perekop, and Zhdan Kondyrev - with eager people and Donsky - by sea on ships to the shores of the Crimea.
In Moscow, at first they were skeptical that Zhdan Kondyrev would manage to recruit such a number of Don service volunteers in time. Therefore, the son of the boyar P. Krasnikov, who had to tidy up three thousand volunteers of 1000 people in Ryazhsk, Pronsk, Lebedyan, Epifani, Dankov, Efremov, Sapozhka, Mikhailov and Kozlov, became a help to him in this case. Parallel to this, in Shatsk and Tambov, V. Ugrimov and O. Karpov were entrusted with recruitment of people in need. Tsarist letters on the recruitment of volunteers were sent to all the South Russian cities, which were read out “in tenders and in small trades over many days.”
We want people to be obliged to build a court in Voronezh themselves. The salary was assigned to the volunteers as follows: “those who have their own food” - according to 5,5 of the ruble, having no “one” - 4,5 of the ruble; "All by a pound of potion and two pounds of lead." But the main task of the stay of the people on the Don was to strengthen the Don Cossacks, in this case the number of staffs.
5 April 1646, Zhdan Kondyrev with the first group of volunteers arrives in Voronezh. Contrary to the assumptions of the government, the number of people willing to “become Don Cossacks” exceeded the permissible rate. The serfs, serfs, small service people tried to incorporate into the “free eager people”. So the peasants of the fiefdom of O. Sukin from Novosilsky district, one and all person “leaving their colts” served in the Don volunteers.
The main motives of the free population of the south of Russia to become volunteers of the “Don Service” were the acquisition of personal freedom on the Don, as well as revenge for their relatives in Tatar and revenge for their dead relatives.
By April 20, the number of volunteers significantly exceeded 3 thousands of people, but the influx of eager people to Voronezh continued. On April 27, the elected ataman of freemen of the Seversk cities, Andrei Pokushalov, brings in a thousand volunteers from Rylsk, Sevsk, Putivl and Kursk - from the districts subjected to the most devastating Tatar raids of 1644-45. At first Zhdan Kondyrev decidedly refused to accept them. Then, the hunt people send a collective petition to Moscow with Ivan Telegin, in which they declare that they are going against the Tatars because "they have Crimean people full of fathers, mothers, wives, children, brothers and nephews."
The response from the discharge order to the petition of the Seversk volunteers was the order to issue them a salary and leave for the Don, along with the main detachment.
When building ships, most volunteers refused to do this, unrest began, and on May 3 Zhdan Kondyrev hastened to quickly sail to the lower reaches of the Don on riverboats gathered from everywhere. Together with him, 3037 people arrived at the capital of the Don Army, Cherkassk, on 70 ships. In addition to officially registered in a kind of register - personal lists of volunteers - eager people - several other detachments from Belgorod, Chuguev, Oskol and Valuek moved to the Don in the structures of Seversky Donets. A few Cherkas detachments passed through Belgorod, volunteers from Shatsk and Tambov descended on the river Khoper. Judging by the message of Zhdan Kondyrev in the summer of 1646 of the year, the number of people on the Don wanted to be 10 thousand people, more than half of them were left without a due salary.
It is interesting that the departure of the peasants to the Don among the eager people was officially witnessed in the 40's scribal books in Rylskoye county - one of the main "suppliers" of Don Volunteers of the North, "Andrei Pokushalov's train," mostly from landowner villages. Mostly with the permission of the landowner, the sons of those peasants who, according to 2-3, had a son, were released to Don, for which the scribal books contain the following note - “posh Don”. Of course, a similar situation should be observed in other districts, from which voluntary artelsters left for the Don steppe.
Together with the military people of Prince Pozharsky, who came from Astrakhan, the number of 1700 people, two thousand Nogai Tatars and the Circassians of Prince Mutsal Cherkassky in the lower reaches of the Don concentrated about 20 thousand people.
As was to be expected, it was not easy for Commander Semyon Pozharsky to command such a "disparate" contingent.
According to the regulations of the tsar's decree, all this motley army had to fight with the Crimea and the Nogai, without touching Azov and the Turks. However, the Don Atamans insisted on a campaign under the Azov, by that time well fortified by the Turks. In June, the Donats did succeed, however, the attack was easily reflected by the Turks. After an unsuccessful attempt at assault on the Azov fortress, the Don team decided to crush the ulus of the Nogai and Azov Tatars. They were joined by the ratification of Prince Pozharsky. Everything happened very successfully, 7000 Tatars and Nogai, 6 thousands of cows and 2 thousands of sheep were taken in full. With all this loot, the warriors returned to Cherkassk. When sharing all this good, a conflict erupted between the eager people of Kondyrev with the Astrakhan archers and the Circassians of Prince Mutsal. It is likely that the battered warriors did not want to recognize in the eager people equal to themselves. The prey from the people of Kondyrev was taken away and taken away to Kagalnik, where a trophy divide later occurred. Outraged by this circumstance, Prince Pozharsky demanded the return of a part of the deserved prey to his eager people. He boldly appeared in the bandit camp and openly made claims to Astrakhan and Circassians. Furious with the impudent act of the prince, the troublemakers refused him a curse and fired two pishchali
The chronology of the Crimean events is as follows:
Unwilling to bring the conflict to bloodshed, Prince Pozharsky did not insist on the issuance of trophies.
Together with the Don Cossacks, Zhdan Kondyrev organizes a sea voyage to the coast of the Crimea on 37 planes, with 50-60 people on each. However, on the occasion of bad weather and a storm, 5 strugov was broken on the rocks, the detachment had to return to Cherkassk.
At the beginning of September 1646, a detachment of Cossacks and eager people entered the Sea of Azov, soon moored to the Upper Berdy wharf. From here, the sea route of the Russian military men lay to the Crimean town of Robotok and “to the Crimean yurts to Kazanrog (Taganrog)”, where one September night (the first half of this month) was anchored. In the afternoon they did not dare to go on the struga, fearing to be seen by the Crimean people - therefore, it was decided to wait for the day at sea. However, the bold plans of the Donets and the eager people were disturbed by the raging weather - “the sea weather was great for those days.” Struga was scattered across the sea, where the unlucky Cossacks wore for three days, until “they brought ... above the Gnilov Sea to the end of the Biryuchy Spit and rozbilo to the coast, sovereign, by the sea weather five planes”. The injured Don and hunt people managed to escape by reaching the coast where their comrades picked up other planes, but the supplies were sunk. On the occasion of a new storm that lasted for ten days, the Cossacks were forced to wait out bad weather on the shore. According to the petitioners, the detachment's whereabouts were discovered by the Tatar patrol units: “... and they taught the Crimean Tatars around us and to drive us to the Zbirat”. At the gathering of the Don atamans with Zhdan Kondyrev and Mikhail Shishkin, it was decided to “interconnect” that the sudden attack on the Tatar town was no longer possible, “because of the knowledge of the Crimean Tatar”. The detachment retreated to the Nizhnyye Berdy wharf, but even here the military men were again caught by the harsh bad weather, which lasted 8 days. Taking advantage of a brief lull, Cossacks and people eagerly moved to Krivoy Kosa, where they once again had to wait out the sea storm for 5 days. The repeated nightly attempt to quietly approach Taganrog by sea was again failed: "... and at night, sir, the sea weather changed, and the plane, sir, rode into the sea." As the bad weather subsided, the military people began to converge at the pier, from which they moved to the Don Ustye. Here the detachment was again taken by surprise by the natural incidence, “the great sea weather had set in and the wind was nasty, and it carried ... from the Don to the sea, and carried apart, and brought it to small places.” Here the strugi were stranded, “those strugs with the shoals were swayed into the Don channel in Kutümü.” Meanwhile, from Azov, Mustafa Bay, "gathering from the Tatars," came to the Cossack camp, began to burn strugi. Seeing such a thing, the Don people “didn’t take joy themselves” began to burn their own, so that they would not fall into the hands of the Crimeans. They themselves fled to the planes standing nearby in the canal. Walking on the canals along the “Kalanchey to Don” channel, the people of Don and the eager people of Zhdan Kondyrev and Mikhail Shishkin came under artillery bombardment of Mustafa Bay and Turkish janissaries in the service of the Crimeans. Leaving on the rowers rowers, the Cossacks and the eager people went ashore, where they took the fight. Judging by the words of the petitioners, the Cossacks "with free people killed [Tatars] many, and rebuilt others and horsemen beat many under them." October 17 military people returned to Cherkassy town.
All the costs of the provisional and monetary supply of the Cossack army and the ratification of willing people surfaced in sync with the unsuccessful Crimean campaign — information about the reasons for the salary delay was delayed until January of the following year, before the Don State received a certificate that the state salary was “winterized” in Voronezh. In the letter it was prescribed to donators to share their salaries with “new-driven” eager people, to feed them with their own reserves, in the spring they promised to send a long-awaited salary: “they will send you in spring”. On the occasion of the delay, there was a sending of food and money from Tsaritsyn - “to your Cossack town, to Five Izb” 5 thousand chetye rye flour.
An unsuccessful attempt to land on the shores of the Crimea, the lack of food supplies and ammunition, predetermined the unfavorable outcome of the entire campaign. In the fall, among the eager people, famine began, which led to the death of many volunteers, which led to the wholesale flight back to Russia. The main contingent of free people was peasants. October 5 1646 of the year in Kursk came from Don 52 man who were "bargaining bats" and imprisoned. From the painting of the fugitives, it follows that among them the children of the boyar decisive people were 4 people, the children of boyars unbelievers - 9, landlord peasants - 24, monastic - 5, slaves - 3, walking people - 1, relatives of serving people - 3, square dyak dyak - dyak dyak. the monastic servant is 1, the chicken mailer is 1.
During the interrogation of the fugitives by the Kursk voivod A. Lazarev, everyone answered the same way: “I went back from hunger,” “I went back, because the stock was not given”.
By the beginning of 1647, no more than 10 thousand remained of 2 of thousands of free eager people on the Don. Rati Prince Pozharsky long ago left the Don lands. However, the Russian government did not intend to return volunteers - in 1647 a salary was sent to Don twice: “food, money, and ammunition.”
Unfortunately, archival reports did not preserve information about the Komarites in the Don service — whether they sat on the Don and became “new” Don Cossacks, died in battles with the Crimeans or fled to the Ukrainian cities — we do not know.
Lists of free hunting people, who became "Don Don Cossacks of the New Apparatus", "who remained in the Don Army to serve the great sovereign" were published in the third book, "Don Affairs" (p. 327-364). The second echelon of “free to people tidied up in Voronezh by Zhdan Kondyrev, Mikhail Shishkin and under clerk Cyril Anfingenov”, assigned to the Don reference to the staff of the Don Cossacks, is presented in the same book “Don Affairs” on the 591-654 pages. Geographical nicknames give a rough picture supplement the eager people TN "second tier" - with some regions came to collect on the Don novopribornogo service gang freestyle folk: Elchaninov, Kurmyshenin, Vologzhanin, Tulenin, Astrahanets, Jaroslawiec, Kadomets, Kazanets, Lyskovets, Uglechanin , Kozlovets, Lomovskoy, Kurchenin, Moskvitin, Kasimovets, Krapivenets - and so forth. And of that - about 60% of the total family fund of cleaned free people. Judging by geographical nicknames - there are no mosquitoes among them ...
Who served as the main element for the formation of free “pens” of the Don service from the Komarites? Basically, they are palace peasants, people walking and relatives of servicemen - an analysis of the family fund of tidied volunteers speaks about this. In the article about the Cochak regiments of the Komaritsky volost, as a forerunner to the militia services of the palace peasants, we have already tacitly noted that the parish itself, inhabited by sturgeon sticks, has remained in a special paramilitary position since the time of Lithuanian domination. The dense forests of the north, the volosts and the free-lance forest-steppes of its south constantly attracted all kinds of newcomers, some of whom later formed the military-peasant community itself. So in the painting "peasant" Brasovsky and Glodnevsky camps 1630 of the year
- who and with what fight should be in Bryansk during a siege time we find Dorogobuzhsky, Kurchenin, Smolyaninov, Shatsky and Ryazantse ...
“Don Affairs” gives us a real opportunity to get acquainted with the personal composition of ratiers of eager people, which can serve as a good starting “platform” for genealogical research.
The handwritten entries looked like this (we’ll give it as a visual template): “[after the personalities] ... we all [indicated the city] the willing people of the Don Service entrusted us if we told each other about the people who wrote this name that we took the sovereign's salary: they had their own food, five rubles each, and they didn’t have their own food, and we took three rubles and a half a thousand rubles, and that we should serve the sovereign Tsarova and the great Prince Alexei Mikhailovich vsea Russian service in the Army on the Don and be ready for all of us, where, under the sovereign's order, the sovereign voivods, and the commanding people, and the Don members of the army shall indicate to the army. And that, according to the sovereign's decree, we are given a salary, money, and a gun, and for our responsibility we should not drink to drink the sovereign's salary, and not steal it, and not steal anyone's stealing; and the Tsar Tsar and Grand Duke Alexei Mikhailovich not to change Russia, and don not run away and not leave without leave. And in the Crimea, and in Lithuania, and these countries do not drive off. And it will be hto for our bail of the sovereign of the service of the Don to run up, or he will steal the sovereign's salary or go to the sovereign Ukrainian townships, and we, the guarantors of the sovereign tsar and grand duke Alexei Mikhailovich, all of Russia, and the penalties that the sovereign will point out and ours Poorutchikov head together with evo head. And Coy we will be a lieutenant in the faces, on the sovereign's penalty, and bail, and the sovereign's salary. And then [the name of the hearer or deacon who wrote the handwritten note]. ”
Komarichane (Seveska of the city and palace Komaritsky volost are eager people):
Mykhailo Ivanov son Dubinin, Mortin Pavlov son Zmachnev, Mykhaylo Dmitriev son Dolmatov, Alfer Fedorov son Prilepov Sevchenin, Fatey Borisov son Cleve, Timofey Borisov son Cleve, Dementey Ivanov son Shenyakov Grigory Alexeev son Zakharov, Ivan Grigoriev son Bogdashov Zhelezino, Andrey Ivanov son Mokarov, the foreman Samoil Lavrentiev son of Smykov, Fedos Mikhailov son Pochaptsov, Ivan Kireev son of Rogov
Ortemey Pavlov, son of Boyarintsov, Ignat Semenov, son of Krupenenok,
Naum Sidorov son Vyalichin, Rodion Lukyanov son Podlinyov, Vasily Fedorov son Melnev, Sydor Nikonov son Kotykin, Ivan Arkhipov son Torokanov, Maxim Ivanov son Logochev, Dorofey Volodymer son of the Fifth, Kondratey Mikitin son Gribov, Ivan Ievlev son Maslov, Andrei Iedev the son of Gidov, son of the Fifth, Kondratey Mikitin son of the Gribov, Ivan Ivlev son of Maslov, Andrei Yevlev, son of Zid, Zidorov Nester Mikhailov son Neustuka, Vasily Mikhailov son Skomorokh, Maxim Semenov son Bocharov, Grigorei Ekimov son Pchelishev, Ivan Fedorov son Red, Ivan Maximov son Molokoyedov, Gavrila Semenov son Penkov, Ivan Fedorov son Vyaltsov,
Dmitry Kuzmin son Komarichenin, Gabriel Ivanov son Ryzheva, Trofim Prokofiev son Shchekin Grigory Danilov son of a carpenter, foreman Stepan Yakovlev son Lyakhov, Timofey Yuriev son Boris, Gregory Yeremeev son Folimonov Stepan Fedorov son Losev Grigory Dmitriev son Prudnikov, Mikita Yakovlev son puppies , Army Kondratiev son Sevchenin, Ophonas Onisimov son Semikolenov, Ivan Ostafiev son D ... vir (three letters are not identified), Porfen Rodion son Rilyanin, Ostafe Ivanov son Surzhakov Komaritskyi parish Berezavki, Ivan Romanov son Medvedev, Mi Hayla Vasiliav’s son Logvinov, Denis Fedorov’s son Trukhvanav, Grigorey Yuryev’s son Burybn, Sofon Yakovlev’s son Epishin of the city of Sevsk, centurion ohotku’s mentor, Bogdan Zakharyov’s son of Baranovskaya, Maxim Safonov’s son Epihin, Stepan Kondratyev’s son Privalov Fyodor Ostaf Ostof Kondratyev’s son Prival, Fedor Ovshin, Stephen Kondratyev’s son Privalov, Fedor Ovshaf , Stepan Ivanov, son of Petrov, Ivan Alekseev, son of Semikin, Gerasim Nefediev, son of Lovyagin, Dobrynya Ivanov, son of Bocharov, Vasily Fedorov, son of Lepekhin, Alexey Ivanov, son of Sukhadolskikh, Grigorey Vasilyev, son of Pyankov, Vasily Kondratyev, son of Galkin, Ivan M iheev son Teleshev, Ostafe Ofonasev son Sevchenin
Kondratei Frolov’s son Pisnov, Ivan Petrov’s son Polekhin, Isai Efremov’s son Chikinev, Fedor Ondreev’s son Shubin, Yury Kharitonov’s son Tepuhov of the Komaritsky parish of Podvyotya, Ivan Ondreev’s son Fintarev of the city of Sevsk, freementers, centurion, Ivan Dementev’s syontek, Ivan Ondreev’s son of Fintariv of the city of Sevsk, freemen, sotnik, Ivan Dementev, a symphony, Iyontev’s Prokofey Ofonasyev son Karpov, Stepan Savelyev son Gukov, Bogdan Trofimov son Azhov, Davyd Ivanov son Kubyshkin, Fedor Ivanov son Klimov, Savely Dementev son Kudinov, Ondrei Archipev son Sedelnikov, Artem Mikhailov son Kazakov, Ophonasii Osipov son Zbrodnev, Kupreyan Stepanov son Trubitsyn, Ivan Stepanov son Kulikov, Yakim Anikonov son Nechaev, Vasily Samoilov son Venterev, Ivan Danilov son Kavinev, Lukyan Nikonov son Tokorev,
Timofey Vasilyev’s son Borisov, Klemen Kupreyanov’s son Trubitsyn, Karp Isaev’s son of Kartaviy Sevsky, a reptile of Komaritsky parish of Radogosch village, Mosey Gerasimov’s son Kutykhin, Stepan Grigoryev’s son of Stebala, Nikito Vladimerov’s son Borozdin, Naum Motveev’s son of Pronin, O. , Sergey Ivanov son Koltsov, Kuzma Antonov son, Agafon Ivanov son Tripod, Mino Mitrofanov son Klee ... (three letters are not identified), Ignat Ivanov son Premikov, Mikhailov Bykov, Timofey Vasilyev son Orel, Potap Ivanov son Yurgin, Ivan Ivanov sy Bullion, Andrei Mironov son Gridyushkov, Dmitry Plotonov son Markov, Ivan Fedorov son Khmelevsky, Ivan Romanov son Krechetov, Dovid Yermolav son Leushev, Grigorey Fedorov son Kirilov, Grigorey Zenoviev son Sheplyakov, Decator Martin Artemov son Skamorokhov Out of the art of the 17-year-old member of the school, Grigorey Zenoviev son Sheplyakov, Destiatik son Borodin, Grigorey Mitrofanov son of Shulzhonkov, Gavrilo Ivanov son of Shaking, Vasily Samoilov son of Tarakanov, Timofey Ustinov son of Sukhoruki, Kolistrat Rodivonov son of Piskov, Perfil Antonov son of Marakhin, Alexey Larionov son of Katharnai, Klim Larionov son Zenoviev, Kostentin Sidorov son Sapronov, Ivan Vasilyev son Semerishchev, Safron Andreev son Sevchenin
Ozar Sergeev son Goncharov, Arkhip Yakovlev son Boyubakov, Kondratey Afonasyev son Butev, Philip Semenov son Kurchenin, Klim Dementiev son Vorobev, Ekim Ermolaev son Zvegintsev, Yevsei Ivanov son Geeks, Fyodor Vasilyev son Shchishtakov, Larivon Ivan son Ilin, Rashan, Rushan Andrei Radionov son Salkov, Alifan Prokofiev son Ignatov, Avil Yemelyanov son Chernikov, Ivan Antipiev son Tolkachev, Frol Semenov son Sevidov, Grigorey Timofeev son Ulaev, Stefan Mikiforov son Selivanov, Rodion Timofeev son Gayav with Pishchalyyiv, Ivan Grevoryev pin (sic!), Vasilej Olekseev carpenter's son, Simeon Nikiforov Shatskago, Lorion Drozzhin Ivanov's son, Ignat Stepanov Ontipov son, Ivan Leontyev son Duvoladov,
Mikifor Nefedov son Smoljaninov, Osip Trofimov son Tunyasyav (sic!), Yevsei Folimonov son Grinin Yermolov Pavlov son Lomazin Stepan Mikitin son Lapnin, Arkhip Tarasyev son Stapnikov Mitrofan Carpano son of Erin, Taras Isaev son Gubarev, Peter Kuzmin son Galavachev Ilya Barisov son Naleskin, Larion Ivanov son Zybin, Susoy Mikitin son Kalachnik, Terenty Rodtyav Pskavitin, Arkhip Petrov son Gancharov, Thomas Vasiliev son Khlapenikov, foreman Ivan Zhdanov son Kryukov, Levontey Mikitin son Kopyrev, Prokofiy Mihailov son and son Klaukov Andreev's son Katov, Mikhailov Mikhailov's son Chepurnov, Khorlan Timofeev’s son Bukreev, Mikhailo Poluyehtov’s son Vyzhlay (sic!), Stepan Alekseev’s son Kostin, Mykyta Abramav’s son Mamin, Stepan Saveliev’s son Cherikov, Maxim Grigoriev’s son Semerichyov, Fyodor Kirilov’s son Zlev Yermolav son of Panov, Prokofey Mikifarav son of Simanav, Sysoy Ivanov son of Slaschov, Mikhail Panteleev son of Dmitriev, Anofrey Fedorov son of Sakolnikav, Khariton Trofimav son of Yakovlev.
Mykhailo Ivanov son Dubinin, Mortin Pavlov son Zmachnev, Mykhaylo Dmitriev son Dolmatov, Alfer Fedorov son Prilepov Sevchenin, Fatey Borisov son Cleve, Timofey Borisov son Cleve, Dementey Ivanov son Shenyakov Grigory Alexeev son Zakharov, Ivan Grigoriev son Bogdashov Zhelezino, Andrey Ivanov son Mokarov, the foreman Samoil Lavrentiev son of Smykov, Fedos Mikhailov son Pochaptsov, Ivan Kireev son of Rogov
Ortemey Pavlov, son of Boyarintsov, Ignat Semenov, son of Krupenenok,
Naum Sidorov son Vyalichin, Rodion Lukyanov son Podlinyov, Vasily Fedorov son Melnev, Sydor Nikonov son Kotykin, Ivan Arkhipov son Torokanov, Maxim Ivanov son Logochev, Dorofey Volodymer son of the Fifth, Kondratey Mikitin son Gribov, Ivan Ievlev son Maslov, Andrei Iedev the son of Gidov, son of the Fifth, Kondratey Mikitin son of the Gribov, Ivan Ivlev son of Maslov, Andrei Yevlev, son of Zid, Zidorov Nester Mikhailov son Neustuka, Vasily Mikhailov son Skomorokh, Maxim Semenov son Bocharov, Grigorei Ekimov son Pchelishev, Ivan Fedorov son Red, Ivan Maximov son Molokoyedov, Gavrila Semenov son Penkov, Ivan Fedorov son Vyaltsov,
Dmitry Kuzmin son Komarichenin, Gabriel Ivanov son Ryzheva, Trofim Prokofiev son Shchekin Grigory Danilov son of a carpenter, foreman Stepan Yakovlev son Lyakhov, Timofey Yuriev son Boris, Gregory Yeremeev son Folimonov Stepan Fedorov son Losev Grigory Dmitriev son Prudnikov, Mikita Yakovlev son puppies , Army Kondratiev son Sevchenin, Ophonas Onisimov son Semikolenov, Ivan Ostafiev son D ... vir (three letters are not identified), Porfen Rodion son Rilyanin, Ostafe Ivanov son Surzhakov Komaritskyi parish Berezavki, Ivan Romanov son Medvedev, Mi Hayla Vasiliav’s son Logvinov, Denis Fedorov’s son Trukhvanav, Grigorey Yuryev’s son Burybn, Sofon Yakovlev’s son Epishin of the city of Sevsk, centurion ohotku’s mentor, Bogdan Zakharyov’s son of Baranovskaya, Maxim Safonov’s son Epihin, Stepan Kondratyev’s son Privalov Fyodor Ostaf Ostof Kondratyev’s son Prival, Fedor Ovshin, Stephen Kondratyev’s son Privalov, Fedor Ovshaf , Stepan Ivanov, son of Petrov, Ivan Alekseev, son of Semikin, Gerasim Nefediev, son of Lovyagin, Dobrynya Ivanov, son of Bocharov, Vasily Fedorov, son of Lepekhin, Alexey Ivanov, son of Sukhadolskikh, Grigorey Vasilyev, son of Pyankov, Vasily Kondratyev, son of Galkin, Ivan M iheev son Teleshev, Ostafe Ofonasev son Sevchenin
Kondratei Frolov’s son Pisnov, Ivan Petrov’s son Polekhin, Isai Efremov’s son Chikinev, Fedor Ondreev’s son Shubin, Yury Kharitonov’s son Tepuhov of the Komaritsky parish of Podvyotya, Ivan Ondreev’s son Fintarev of the city of Sevsk, freementers, centurion, Ivan Dementev’s syontek, Ivan Ondreev’s son of Fintariv of the city of Sevsk, freemen, sotnik, Ivan Dementev, a symphony, Iyontev’s Prokofey Ofonasyev son Karpov, Stepan Savelyev son Gukov, Bogdan Trofimov son Azhov, Davyd Ivanov son Kubyshkin, Fedor Ivanov son Klimov, Savely Dementev son Kudinov, Ondrei Archipev son Sedelnikov, Artem Mikhailov son Kazakov, Ophonasii Osipov son Zbrodnev, Kupreyan Stepanov son Trubitsyn, Ivan Stepanov son Kulikov, Yakim Anikonov son Nechaev, Vasily Samoilov son Venterev, Ivan Danilov son Kavinev, Lukyan Nikonov son Tokorev,
Timofey Vasilyev’s son Borisov, Klemen Kupreyanov’s son Trubitsyn, Karp Isaev’s son of Kartaviy Sevsky, a reptile of Komaritsky parish of Radogosch village, Mosey Gerasimov’s son Kutykhin, Stepan Grigoryev’s son of Stebala, Nikito Vladimerov’s son Borozdin, Naum Motveev’s son of Pronin, O. , Sergey Ivanov son Koltsov, Kuzma Antonov son, Agafon Ivanov son Tripod, Mino Mitrofanov son Klee ... (three letters are not identified), Ignat Ivanov son Premikov, Mikhailov Bykov, Timofey Vasilyev son Orel, Potap Ivanov son Yurgin, Ivan Ivanov sy Bullion, Andrei Mironov son Gridyushkov, Dmitry Plotonov son Markov, Ivan Fedorov son Khmelevsky, Ivan Romanov son Krechetov, Dovid Yermolav son Leushev, Grigorey Fedorov son Kirilov, Grigorey Zenoviev son Sheplyakov, Decator Martin Artemov son Skamorokhov Out of the art of the 17-year-old member of the school, Grigorey Zenoviev son Sheplyakov, Destiatik son Borodin, Grigorey Mitrofanov son of Shulzhonkov, Gavrilo Ivanov son of Shaking, Vasily Samoilov son of Tarakanov, Timofey Ustinov son of Sukhoruki, Kolistrat Rodivonov son of Piskov, Perfil Antonov son of Marakhin, Alexey Larionov son of Katharnai, Klim Larionov son Zenoviev, Kostentin Sidorov son Sapronov, Ivan Vasilyev son Semerishchev, Safron Andreev son Sevchenin
Ozar Sergeev son Goncharov, Arkhip Yakovlev son Boyubakov, Kondratey Afonasyev son Butev, Philip Semenov son Kurchenin, Klim Dementiev son Vorobev, Ekim Ermolaev son Zvegintsev, Yevsei Ivanov son Geeks, Fyodor Vasilyev son Shchishtakov, Larivon Ivan son Ilin, Rashan, Rushan Andrei Radionov son Salkov, Alifan Prokofiev son Ignatov, Avil Yemelyanov son Chernikov, Ivan Antipiev son Tolkachev, Frol Semenov son Sevidov, Grigorey Timofeev son Ulaev, Stefan Mikiforov son Selivanov, Rodion Timofeev son Gayav with Pishchalyyiv, Ivan Grevoryev pin (sic!), Vasilej Olekseev carpenter's son, Simeon Nikiforov Shatskago, Lorion Drozzhin Ivanov's son, Ignat Stepanov Ontipov son, Ivan Leontyev son Duvoladov,
Mikifor Nefedov son Smoljaninov, Osip Trofimov son Tunyasyav (sic!), Yevsei Folimonov son Grinin Yermolov Pavlov son Lomazin Stepan Mikitin son Lapnin, Arkhip Tarasyev son Stapnikov Mitrofan Carpano son of Erin, Taras Isaev son Gubarev, Peter Kuzmin son Galavachev Ilya Barisov son Naleskin, Larion Ivanov son Zybin, Susoy Mikitin son Kalachnik, Terenty Rodtyav Pskavitin, Arkhip Petrov son Gancharov, Thomas Vasiliev son Khlapenikov, foreman Ivan Zhdanov son Kryukov, Levontey Mikitin son Kopyrev, Prokofiy Mihailov son and son Klaukov Andreev's son Katov, Mikhailov Mikhailov's son Chepurnov, Khorlan Timofeev’s son Bukreev, Mikhailo Poluyehtov’s son Vyzhlay (sic!), Stepan Alekseev’s son Kostin, Mykyta Abramav’s son Mamin, Stepan Saveliev’s son Cherikov, Maxim Grigoriev’s son Semerichyov, Fyodor Kirilov’s son Zlev Yermolav son of Panov, Prokofey Mikifarav son of Simanav, Sysoy Ivanov son of Slaschov, Mikhail Panteleev son of Dmitriev, Anofrey Fedorov son of Sakolnikav, Khariton Trofimav son of Yakovlev.
Sources:
V.P. Zagorovsky "Belgorod line", p. Xnumx
RGADA, Stolbtsy Belgorodsky table, D. 36, l. Xnumx
Ibid, ll. 134-135
In the same place, d. 908, l. Xnumx
RGADA, Order Table Columns, d. 162, l. Xnumx
RIB, T. 24, St. Petersburg 1906 g, p. Xnumx
In the same place, with .810-811, 860, 901-919
Ib Babulin "Prince Semyon Pozharsky and Konotop Battle", St. Petersburg 2009, s.19-20
A.A. Novoselsky, “The Struggle of the Moscow State against the Tatars in the First Half of the 17th Century”, M. 1948, p. Xnumx
RGADA, Stolbtsy Belgorodsky table, D. 228, ll. 146-154
Don Affairs, St. Petersburg 1909 Year, p. 263-267
Ibid., P. 228.
In the same place, d. 217, ll. 128-136
A.S. Rakitin, “Dostochnye Cossacks of the Komaritsky parish”, M. 2009
RGADA, Columns of the Sevsky table, d. 78, ll. 136-173
Don affairs, Prince 2. St. Petersburg, 1906. Russian historical library published by the Imperial Archaeographic Commission. T. 24. - “Columns No. 931-1042 -“ Reciprocal records of free military men recruited in Ukrainian cities to be sent to the Don to help the Don Army (1646) ”.
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