Posthumous fate of Stalin. Secret became clear?
Maybe China and Albania were right in accusing the Khrushchev leadership of replacing Stalin’s ashes after its elimination?
The first hints of what was done were contained in the comments of Voice of America, BBC and Radio Liberty back in March-April of 1953, and with links to Vasily Stalin, the son of the leader. In the 1959 year in the Venezuelan magazine Cromos, the future Nobel laureate reporter Gabriel Garcia Marquez, who visited the Mausoleum on Red Square in 1957, hinted at the same thing. Interestingly, in the USSR, this opinion of Marquez, already a widely recognized great writer, was first decided to publish only in 1988, in the era of perestroika and glasnost.
Gabriel García Márquez had a special relationship to both Stalin and the circumstances of his death.
The impressions of García Márquez, then still a young man, because he wasn’t 30 years old, from visiting the Mausoleum in August 1957, are very characteristic: “Stalin sleeps the last time. ... facial expression is a living, conveying feeling. Slightly curly hair, a mustache, not at all like Stalin's. But nothing affected me as much as the grace of his hands with long transparent nails. These are women's hands ”(“ Latin America. ”M., Institute of Latin America, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1988, No. XXUMX).
It is hardly necessary to say that from the direction of G.G. Marquez was out of the question about the idealization of Stalin and the Stalin period. The author of the famous “One Hundred Years of Solitude” himself was a staunch supporter of democracy and an opponent of dictatorship of any kind. And this is despite the fact that all his life he had been friends with the Cuban leader Fidel Castro, whom the so-called democratic public did not call a dictator. The image of the late Stalin had such a strong effect on the writer that he fully used it when writing another cult novel, Autumn of the Patriarch, where he created a brilliant collective portrait of the Latin American dictator.
Soon, Khrushchev himself emotionally let slip about the murder of Stalin, speaking on July 19 1964, at a reception in the Kremlin in honor of the Hungarian leader Janos Kadar: “You cannot wash a black dog completely. AT stories humanity had a lot of tyrants, but they all died as much from an ax as they themselves supported their authority with an ax ”. Radio Liberty in its program in Russian did not slow down with a ruthless biting comment called: “What did Khrushchev admit?”, July 19 (1964, 14: 30 Moscow time). However, in the Soviet and Eastern European media, except for the Albanian, Romanian and Yugoslav ones, for obvious reasons, they preferred not to publish this fragment.
Already these quoted quotes (of the Soviet party boss and the great writer) in combination with each other suggest the question: what happened to Stalin's dust? Posthumous fate suggests a monstrous blasphemy against the body of Stalin soon after his death, or rather, the murder. It is this version of Stalin’s death that was chosen by the author by no means accidentally, precisely because of the very reservation of Khrushchev.
After a decade and a half, 18 on November 1978, the representative of Albania to the UN, Ali Veta, conveyed to his Romanian counterpart for the UN, Alton Farjan, the answer of Enver Hoxha, the head of the Albanian Party of Labor Central Committee, to the proposal of the Soviet side to restore diplomatic relations, interrupted under Khrushchev, 1962 year. At the same time, the Soviet side proposed to end mutual ideological controversy. But in a brief reply from Tirana it was stated: “Tell the truth about Stalin’s last days, about the fate of his ashes, set aside the decisions of the XX and XXII CPSU congresses that falsify the activities of Comrade. Stalin. Then negotiations are possible. ”
Lenin and Stalin Museum in Tirana
But in Moscow, for obvious reasons, they did not dare to take such steps. Albania, we recall, adhered to its orthodox position with respect to Stalin and the Stalin period in the history of the USSR and the CPSU up to the coup 1990 of the year. At the same time, despite the regime change, the Museum of Lenin and Stalin is still preserved in Tirana (opened 1 on May 1952 of the year, during the life of the “leader of nations.” The museum contains a truly unique set of documents throughout the entire Russian Empire, the USSR and the CPSU the end of the 19th century until the 70 of the 20th century, where the incomparable collection of archival materials about Stalin’s illness and death, the death after death of his ashes, his son Vasily Stalin, etc.
No less noteworthy is the telephone conversation of Lieutenant-General VVS Vasily Stalin with his chauffeur Alexander Fevralev, recorded by the MGB on the evening of March 9 1953, i.e. shortly after the funeral of I.V. Stalin.
Vasily Stalin says: “How many people were suppressed, terribly! Specially arranged it ?! There was a terrible case at parting in the House of Unions: an old woman-nun with a bluff approaches, and not far away on guard of honor is Malenkov, Beria, Molotov, Mikoyan, Bulganin. And suddenly she shouts to them: "They killed you, bastards, rejoice! Damn you!" What happened to her later? "
There are quite a few experts who claim that this was the operation “Mozart” developed by the CIA of the United States, which provided for the elimination of Stalin by his “comrades-in-arms” or the explosion of a dacha in Nemchinovka, where Stalin had been almost permanently since February 1953 (see Enver Hoxha, “Khrushchevites and their heirs”, Tirana, in Russian, 1977). Vasily Stalin constantly spoke and even shouted that “father is being killed”, “already killed”. The latter, with sobs, he repeated in the Column Hall of the House of Unions 6-8 of March, as well as on the day of the funeral and after. According to a number of data, some foreign delegations heard this, rendering last honors to Stalin in those days. Vasily also claimed that the body of his father was not in the Mausoleum, but an artificial counterpart. Stalin himself was cremated shortly after his death, because Joseph Vissarionovich's face had changed a lot because of the poison. The well-known historian Anatoly Utkin notes: “I think that with the elimination of Vasily in 1962, the traces of what was done to Stalin himself could be covered up.”
In early March, Stalin's son 1953 sent the first letter to the CPC Central Committee, claiming that his father had been killed. As is known, Mao Zedong, as well as Kim Il Sung, Ho Chi Minh, Enver Hoxha did not come to Stalin’s funeral, probably with supporting information. According to reports, similar two letters, but also with allegations of the rapid cremation of his father shortly after his death, as well as asking for political asylum or at least for treatment, Vasily sent to Beijing in 1960 year. And the Chinese authorities have already raised with the party leadership of the USSR the question of his leaving there or to Albania for treatment. But in vain.
[/ Center]
Stalin’s Park in Harbin, China, welcomes guests today
And 19 March 1962, Vasily Stalin died suddenly in Kazan. According to the official version, from the effects of chronic alcoholism. But hardly, because the KGB officers had been searching in his apartment for almost a week, according to the testimony of his neighbors and wife, Kapitolina Vasilyeva (1918-2006), copies or drafts of those letters remain in the PRC. And in Tirana and Pyongyang, Khrushchev's emissaries found out whether Enver Hoxha and Kim Il Sung received the same letters. But also in vain. Moreover, this whole situation was reflected in the media of China and Albania in the middle of 60, when, we recall, Moscow was almost a step away from the war with the PRC and Albania.
There is evidence that Vasily Stalin managed to transfer the manuscript of his memoirs, including the above-mentioned letters, to the Chinese embassy. During his lifetime, they were not published, because there was hope that he could be taken to China. The publication of such frank memories during the life of V. Stalin would only hasten his demise.
The memoirs were published in Chinese by Renmin Chubanpe (People's Publishing House) under the CPC Central Committee as early as December 1962 under the title: Honestly: The Story of Vasily Stalin. Marshal Ye Jianyin, deputy chairman of the National Defense Council and president of the Academy of Military Sciences of China, wrote a preface to them. The preface stated that Vasily Stalin, “the son of his great father, was personally acquainted with Chairman Mao (they met at the end of 1949 during Mao’s visit to the USSR. - Note by the author) and enjoyed his unlimited trust and deep respect. " The death of Vasily Marshal called "caused by malicious intent." And "the contradictions between the PRC and the USSR is a consequence of the policy of the Khrushchev renegades."
When public controversy between the CPSU and the CPC began in 1962, one of the letters from the Chinese Central Committee (in 1963) noted: "The Soviet leadership removed Stalin's body from the Mausoleum and put it on fire." At first, this verbal skirmish, including the aforementioned letter, was published without cuts in Pravda and People's Daily (in 1963-64). But Soviet journalists, dictated by Khrushchev, in response polemical articles quietly ignored such a direct accusation of monstrous forgery.
In this context, another testimony is noteworthy - Chin Pena (1924-2013), the leader of the Malaysian Communist Party from the middle of 1940-s to the beginning of 1990-s. As you know, this party broke off relations with the CPSU in connection with the removal of the Stalinist sarcophagus from the 31 Mausoleum in October 1961. And the documentary film “The Last Communist” by Malay director Amir Muhamad about Chin Pen (2006) is still banned in Malaysia.
From the greetings of Chin Pena VII Congress of the Albanian Party of Labor (Tirana, November 3 1976): “Hatred of Stalin is a manifestation of the lies, envy and destructive actions of the Khrushchev and pro-Chrushchev leadership groups. Suffice it to recall the shouts of Khrushchev of the Chinese and Albanian delegations at the Third Congress of the Romanian Communist Party in 1960: “If you need Stalin so much, then take our coffin from us! We will send it in a special car! "
According to a number of data, Beijing and Tirana at the beginning of 60-s twice suggested that Khrushchev should send them a sarcophagus with Stalin, which would mean a complete ideological-political break between Tirana and Peking from the USSR, actually started shortly after 1956. Also, in the USSR in 1960 -61 leaflets were distributed that an Albanian-Chinese mausoleum for Stalin would soon be built in Beijing. There are no official confirmations of this, but in view of the aforementioned requests to Khrushchev, one can assume the reality of such a project.
There is no Mausoleum of Stalin in China, but his portraits, like Lenin’s portraits, are everywhere
One way or another, but, according to the testimony of Kang Sheng (head of the PRC Ministry of Security) and Enver Hoxha, the angry Khrushchev provocatively insulted Stalin’s ashes at negotiations with the Chinese delegation on the eve of the 22nd CPSU Congress: “Do you really need this dead nag ?! Take, if necessary. " But this “transfer” would certify the substitution in the Moscow Mausoleum, which, apparently, was also part of the Sino-Albanian plans. However, this did not happen: Khrushchev’s comrades-in-arms, citing Nikita Sergeevich’s eagerness, refused such an event. Say, the fate of Stalin's dust is an exclusively internal affair of the USSR and the CPSU.
But the Chinese delegation at the XXII Congress of the CPSU (the end of October 1961), led by Premier Zhou, with the help of Mao Zedong, obtained permission not only to visit Stalin’s new resting place, but also to lay a wreath of real flowers with inscriptions on his ribbons (in two languages) : “The great Marxist comrade I. Stalin. In a sign that the CCP did not share the position of N. Khrushchev, directed against I. Stalin "(Xinhua, Beijing, 16.10.2009, 03.11. 1961).
In China, and today adhere to the same position. As the Washington Post 17.10.2017 noted, “Xi Jinping reaffirms China’s loyalty to the revolutionary philosophy of a man whom Mao more than once called his“ great teacher and elder brother ”: this is Joseph Stalin. When the XVIII Congress of the CPC first approved him in office five years ago, Comrade Sy declared: “To neglect the history of the USSR and the CPSU, to neglect Lenin and Stalin is equivalent to pernicious historical nihilism. It confuses our thoughts and undermines the party at all levels. ”
On the eve of the 65 anniversary (2018) from the day of the “official” death of Stalin, the head of the CPC Central Committee spoke more firmly: “I think that for real communists, I.V. Stalin is no less than V.I. Lenin. And in terms of the percentage of correct decisions, he has no equal in world history at all. ” It is no coincidence that to this day, the avenues and streets of Stalin remain in China: in Harbin and Dalian (Dalny), Lüshune (Port Arthur) and Urumqi, Jilin and Gulja. And, for example, Stalin's Park in Harbin (about 400 ha) works, a huge portrait-monument is installed and carefully preserved in the village of Nanjie, the last commune in China, where the traditional pattern of the first years of building socialism and communism still remains.
At the end of this review, one cannot but recall the remark of Winston Churchill, pronounced shortly after Khrushchev’s resignation (October 1964): “... this is the only politician in the history of mankind who declared an all-out war to the dead. But moreover: he managed to lose it. ”
And the memory of the Soviet leader and today retain not only in China, North Korea or Albania.
A plaque in Vienna (Austria) on the house where Stalin worked on the article "Marxism and the national question" in 1913
Stalin Street in the municipality of Frameri (Belgium)
Stalin Road, Colchester (England)
The first hints of what was done were contained in the comments of Voice of America, BBC and Radio Liberty back in March-April of 1953, and with links to Vasily Stalin, the son of the leader. In the 1959 year in the Venezuelan magazine Cromos, the future Nobel laureate reporter Gabriel Garcia Marquez, who visited the Mausoleum on Red Square in 1957, hinted at the same thing. Interestingly, in the USSR, this opinion of Marquez, already a widely recognized great writer, was first decided to publish only in 1988, in the era of perestroika and glasnost.
Gabriel García Márquez had a special relationship to both Stalin and the circumstances of his death.
The impressions of García Márquez, then still a young man, because he wasn’t 30 years old, from visiting the Mausoleum in August 1957, are very characteristic: “Stalin sleeps the last time. ... facial expression is a living, conveying feeling. Slightly curly hair, a mustache, not at all like Stalin's. But nothing affected me as much as the grace of his hands with long transparent nails. These are women's hands ”(“ Latin America. ”M., Institute of Latin America, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1988, No. XXUMX).
It is hardly necessary to say that from the direction of G.G. Marquez was out of the question about the idealization of Stalin and the Stalin period. The author of the famous “One Hundred Years of Solitude” himself was a staunch supporter of democracy and an opponent of dictatorship of any kind. And this is despite the fact that all his life he had been friends with the Cuban leader Fidel Castro, whom the so-called democratic public did not call a dictator. The image of the late Stalin had such a strong effect on the writer that he fully used it when writing another cult novel, Autumn of the Patriarch, where he created a brilliant collective portrait of the Latin American dictator.
Soon, Khrushchev himself emotionally let slip about the murder of Stalin, speaking on July 19 1964, at a reception in the Kremlin in honor of the Hungarian leader Janos Kadar: “You cannot wash a black dog completely. AT stories humanity had a lot of tyrants, but they all died as much from an ax as they themselves supported their authority with an ax ”. Radio Liberty in its program in Russian did not slow down with a ruthless biting comment called: “What did Khrushchev admit?”, July 19 (1964, 14: 30 Moscow time). However, in the Soviet and Eastern European media, except for the Albanian, Romanian and Yugoslav ones, for obvious reasons, they preferred not to publish this fragment.
Already these quoted quotes (of the Soviet party boss and the great writer) in combination with each other suggest the question: what happened to Stalin's dust? Posthumous fate suggests a monstrous blasphemy against the body of Stalin soon after his death, or rather, the murder. It is this version of Stalin’s death that was chosen by the author by no means accidentally, precisely because of the very reservation of Khrushchev.
After a decade and a half, 18 on November 1978, the representative of Albania to the UN, Ali Veta, conveyed to his Romanian counterpart for the UN, Alton Farjan, the answer of Enver Hoxha, the head of the Albanian Party of Labor Central Committee, to the proposal of the Soviet side to restore diplomatic relations, interrupted under Khrushchev, 1962 year. At the same time, the Soviet side proposed to end mutual ideological controversy. But in a brief reply from Tirana it was stated: “Tell the truth about Stalin’s last days, about the fate of his ashes, set aside the decisions of the XX and XXII CPSU congresses that falsify the activities of Comrade. Stalin. Then negotiations are possible. ”
Lenin and Stalin Museum in Tirana
But in Moscow, for obvious reasons, they did not dare to take such steps. Albania, we recall, adhered to its orthodox position with respect to Stalin and the Stalin period in the history of the USSR and the CPSU up to the coup 1990 of the year. At the same time, despite the regime change, the Museum of Lenin and Stalin is still preserved in Tirana (opened 1 on May 1952 of the year, during the life of the “leader of nations.” The museum contains a truly unique set of documents throughout the entire Russian Empire, the USSR and the CPSU the end of the 19th century until the 70 of the 20th century, where the incomparable collection of archival materials about Stalin’s illness and death, the death after death of his ashes, his son Vasily Stalin, etc.
No less noteworthy is the telephone conversation of Lieutenant-General VVS Vasily Stalin with his chauffeur Alexander Fevralev, recorded by the MGB on the evening of March 9 1953, i.e. shortly after the funeral of I.V. Stalin.
Vasily Stalin says: “How many people were suppressed, terribly! Specially arranged it ?! There was a terrible case at parting in the House of Unions: an old woman-nun with a bluff approaches, and not far away on guard of honor is Malenkov, Beria, Molotov, Mikoyan, Bulganin. And suddenly she shouts to them: "They killed you, bastards, rejoice! Damn you!" What happened to her later? "
There are quite a few experts who claim that this was the operation “Mozart” developed by the CIA of the United States, which provided for the elimination of Stalin by his “comrades-in-arms” or the explosion of a dacha in Nemchinovka, where Stalin had been almost permanently since February 1953 (see Enver Hoxha, “Khrushchevites and their heirs”, Tirana, in Russian, 1977). Vasily Stalin constantly spoke and even shouted that “father is being killed”, “already killed”. The latter, with sobs, he repeated in the Column Hall of the House of Unions 6-8 of March, as well as on the day of the funeral and after. According to a number of data, some foreign delegations heard this, rendering last honors to Stalin in those days. Vasily also claimed that the body of his father was not in the Mausoleum, but an artificial counterpart. Stalin himself was cremated shortly after his death, because Joseph Vissarionovich's face had changed a lot because of the poison. The well-known historian Anatoly Utkin notes: “I think that with the elimination of Vasily in 1962, the traces of what was done to Stalin himself could be covered up.”
In early March, Stalin's son 1953 sent the first letter to the CPC Central Committee, claiming that his father had been killed. As is known, Mao Zedong, as well as Kim Il Sung, Ho Chi Minh, Enver Hoxha did not come to Stalin’s funeral, probably with supporting information. According to reports, similar two letters, but also with allegations of the rapid cremation of his father shortly after his death, as well as asking for political asylum or at least for treatment, Vasily sent to Beijing in 1960 year. And the Chinese authorities have already raised with the party leadership of the USSR the question of his leaving there or to Albania for treatment. But in vain.
[/ Center]Stalin’s Park in Harbin, China, welcomes guests today
And 19 March 1962, Vasily Stalin died suddenly in Kazan. According to the official version, from the effects of chronic alcoholism. But hardly, because the KGB officers had been searching in his apartment for almost a week, according to the testimony of his neighbors and wife, Kapitolina Vasilyeva (1918-2006), copies or drafts of those letters remain in the PRC. And in Tirana and Pyongyang, Khrushchev's emissaries found out whether Enver Hoxha and Kim Il Sung received the same letters. But also in vain. Moreover, this whole situation was reflected in the media of China and Albania in the middle of 60, when, we recall, Moscow was almost a step away from the war with the PRC and Albania.
There is evidence that Vasily Stalin managed to transfer the manuscript of his memoirs, including the above-mentioned letters, to the Chinese embassy. During his lifetime, they were not published, because there was hope that he could be taken to China. The publication of such frank memories during the life of V. Stalin would only hasten his demise.
The memoirs were published in Chinese by Renmin Chubanpe (People's Publishing House) under the CPC Central Committee as early as December 1962 under the title: Honestly: The Story of Vasily Stalin. Marshal Ye Jianyin, deputy chairman of the National Defense Council and president of the Academy of Military Sciences of China, wrote a preface to them. The preface stated that Vasily Stalin, “the son of his great father, was personally acquainted with Chairman Mao (they met at the end of 1949 during Mao’s visit to the USSR. - Note by the author) and enjoyed his unlimited trust and deep respect. " The death of Vasily Marshal called "caused by malicious intent." And "the contradictions between the PRC and the USSR is a consequence of the policy of the Khrushchev renegades."
When public controversy between the CPSU and the CPC began in 1962, one of the letters from the Chinese Central Committee (in 1963) noted: "The Soviet leadership removed Stalin's body from the Mausoleum and put it on fire." At first, this verbal skirmish, including the aforementioned letter, was published without cuts in Pravda and People's Daily (in 1963-64). But Soviet journalists, dictated by Khrushchev, in response polemical articles quietly ignored such a direct accusation of monstrous forgery.
In this context, another testimony is noteworthy - Chin Pena (1924-2013), the leader of the Malaysian Communist Party from the middle of 1940-s to the beginning of 1990-s. As you know, this party broke off relations with the CPSU in connection with the removal of the Stalinist sarcophagus from the 31 Mausoleum in October 1961. And the documentary film “The Last Communist” by Malay director Amir Muhamad about Chin Pen (2006) is still banned in Malaysia.
From the greetings of Chin Pena VII Congress of the Albanian Party of Labor (Tirana, November 3 1976): “Hatred of Stalin is a manifestation of the lies, envy and destructive actions of the Khrushchev and pro-Chrushchev leadership groups. Suffice it to recall the shouts of Khrushchev of the Chinese and Albanian delegations at the Third Congress of the Romanian Communist Party in 1960: “If you need Stalin so much, then take our coffin from us! We will send it in a special car! "
According to a number of data, Beijing and Tirana at the beginning of 60-s twice suggested that Khrushchev should send them a sarcophagus with Stalin, which would mean a complete ideological-political break between Tirana and Peking from the USSR, actually started shortly after 1956. Also, in the USSR in 1960 -61 leaflets were distributed that an Albanian-Chinese mausoleum for Stalin would soon be built in Beijing. There are no official confirmations of this, but in view of the aforementioned requests to Khrushchev, one can assume the reality of such a project.
There is no Mausoleum of Stalin in China, but his portraits, like Lenin’s portraits, are everywhere
One way or another, but, according to the testimony of Kang Sheng (head of the PRC Ministry of Security) and Enver Hoxha, the angry Khrushchev provocatively insulted Stalin’s ashes at negotiations with the Chinese delegation on the eve of the 22nd CPSU Congress: “Do you really need this dead nag ?! Take, if necessary. " But this “transfer” would certify the substitution in the Moscow Mausoleum, which, apparently, was also part of the Sino-Albanian plans. However, this did not happen: Khrushchev’s comrades-in-arms, citing Nikita Sergeevich’s eagerness, refused such an event. Say, the fate of Stalin's dust is an exclusively internal affair of the USSR and the CPSU.
But the Chinese delegation at the XXII Congress of the CPSU (the end of October 1961), led by Premier Zhou, with the help of Mao Zedong, obtained permission not only to visit Stalin’s new resting place, but also to lay a wreath of real flowers with inscriptions on his ribbons (in two languages) : “The great Marxist comrade I. Stalin. In a sign that the CCP did not share the position of N. Khrushchev, directed against I. Stalin "(Xinhua, Beijing, 16.10.2009, 03.11. 1961).
In China, and today adhere to the same position. As the Washington Post 17.10.2017 noted, “Xi Jinping reaffirms China’s loyalty to the revolutionary philosophy of a man whom Mao more than once called his“ great teacher and elder brother ”: this is Joseph Stalin. When the XVIII Congress of the CPC first approved him in office five years ago, Comrade Sy declared: “To neglect the history of the USSR and the CPSU, to neglect Lenin and Stalin is equivalent to pernicious historical nihilism. It confuses our thoughts and undermines the party at all levels. ”
On the eve of the 65 anniversary (2018) from the day of the “official” death of Stalin, the head of the CPC Central Committee spoke more firmly: “I think that for real communists, I.V. Stalin is no less than V.I. Lenin. And in terms of the percentage of correct decisions, he has no equal in world history at all. ” It is no coincidence that to this day, the avenues and streets of Stalin remain in China: in Harbin and Dalian (Dalny), Lüshune (Port Arthur) and Urumqi, Jilin and Gulja. And, for example, Stalin's Park in Harbin (about 400 ha) works, a huge portrait-monument is installed and carefully preserved in the village of Nanjie, the last commune in China, where the traditional pattern of the first years of building socialism and communism still remains.
At the end of this review, one cannot but recall the remark of Winston Churchill, pronounced shortly after Khrushchev’s resignation (October 1964): “... this is the only politician in the history of mankind who declared an all-out war to the dead. But moreover: he managed to lose it. ”
And the memory of the Soviet leader and today retain not only in China, North Korea or Albania.
A plaque in Vienna (Austria) on the house where Stalin worked on the article "Marxism and the national question" in 1913
Stalin Street in the municipality of Frameri (Belgium)
Stalin Road, Colchester (England)
Information