"White Rose". Those whom Kohl from Urengoi did not tell about
In November last year, the network “exploded” from the behavior of the high school student Kolya from Urengoi, who, speaking in the Bundestag, actually justified the fascist invaders. Of course, you can write off his passages about the "innocent victims" of Hitler's soldiers to some abstract humanism: "the boys were driven to slaughter." And yet - they say, it is inconvenient, being invited to Germany, to speak of the Germans as enemies.
But Kolya really had a decent way out: to talk not about fascist soldiers, but about heroic German anti-fascists. About those people who challenged Hitler, being in his lair. And paid for this choice of life.
They were quite a lot. Many fought. And many died for it. Recently, 22 February, was the 75-th anniversary of the execution of three of them - Sophie and Hans Scholley and Christoph Probst. These young people were members of an underground resistance group under the romantic name “White Rose”.
At the time of the execution of young Sophie Scholl, 22 was not even years old. She distributed anti-fascist leaflets with her brother, Hans, and several other such young people. Even from the point of view of the Hitler regime, this youth group didn’t deal with anything particularly “criminal”. The most "extremist" of all actions is writing slogans on the walls of the University. That is, by any standards they can be recognized as pure prisoners of conscience. But even the prisoners guys did not last long - they became martyrs too quickly. Because Hitlerism saw danger in any Word.
Sophie Scholl was born in Forchtenberg 9 in May 1921. It was the fourth child of five. Her father served as mayor of this city. But then the whole family moved to Ludwigsburg, and after a couple of years to Ulm. It would seem that it was quite “decent” by the standards of that time family. At 12, Sophie, under the influence of total propaganda, briefly became fascinated by Nazi ideas and joined the League of German Girls. Of course, beautiful and “correct” speeches were made there: that a woman should be courageous, virtuous, have the capacity for sacrifice - and at the same time not be too belligerent. All this attracted a dreamy girl there, at that time a very young child. However, politics was not part of Sophie's main interests, who was keen on music, dancing, painting.
In 1937, three children from this family — Hans, Werner, and Inge — were arrested by the Gestapo. They were accused of illegal political activities, but soon released. Perhaps it was this event that had a significant influence on the further views of Hans and Sophie, who were destined to become heroes of the Resistance. As for Werner, he will then be sent to the front, where he will disappear.
But it will be later. In the meantime ... In 1940, Sophie Scholl graduated from high school. By that time, her passion for that “beautiful candy”, under which the young people were presented with the ideas of Nazism, had already largely disappeared. To avoid labor service, the girl went to kindergarten teachers' courses. Then she had to work in the Imperial Labor Service - this was a prerequisite in order to enter a higher educational institution.
In May 1942, Sophie entered the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Munich. In the same place, only at medical faculty, Hans studied.
In one of her then-letters, the girl actually predicted the future fate: "Sometimes I fear war and lose all hope. I didn’t want to think about it at all, but, most likely, there is nothing more than politics, and as long as it is tangled and nasty, it would be a coward to turn away from it».
The same thoughts originate with Hans and his friends. Young people begin to abhor the brutality of the Nazi regime, the mass executions in the Warsaw ghetto and other negative manifestations of Hitlerism.
In June 1942, the guys created the underground organization “White Rose”. Among the creators was Hans Scholl. The organization was mainly engaged in writing and distributing leaflets. At first they were sent to German intellectuals - the young people hoped to find like-minded people among them (and some of the highly educated people actually joined). Then the young anti-fascists began to distribute leaflets on the streets, in public places - wherever possible. The main idea of the leaflets, whose circulation was several thousand, was that Hitler was leading the country into the abyss. Once Hans wrote on the walls of the University of Munich slogans "Down with Hitler" and "Freedom".
Until recently, Hans did not want to involve his sister in a dangerous underground activity. But in January of 1943, Sophie still joined the organization. But its activity did not last long.
18 February 1943, Hans and Sophie tried to make a bold and daring action - distributing leaflets at the University of Munich. Sophie threw a packet of proclamations from the balcony in the lobby. She, along with Hans, was noticed by a guard, who passed the guys into the paws of the Gestapo.
Hans was carrying a manuscript of a leaflet, written by another White Rose member, Christophe Probst. However, all his participation boiled down to this very leaflet and to being present at several gatherings. This man, the father of three children, preferred not to risk, as he feared for his family. But he was arrested. Several more underground workers were captured.
Sophie Scholl first denied her guilt, but there was too much evidence against her. Then she and her brother chose another tactic - they tried to take the whole blame on themselves and protect Probst and other comrades. Sophie said during interrogations that there was no underground organization, it was just her and Hans who, on personal initiative, produced leaflets.
At the same time, the girl did not repent of anything and once told her executioners: “If they ask me if I consider my actions right now, I will answer: yes. I believe that I did the best of what I could do for my people. I do not regret what I have done and accept the consequences of my actions. ”
The interrogations of the guys were painful, but did not last long. 22 February 1943 held a fascist fascist court. Sophie and Hans Scholly, as well as Christoph Probst, sentenced Judge Roland Freisler to death. For "high treason". There was no opportunity to appeal such a harsh sentence - the brave underground workers guillotined the same day. The execution took place in prison Stadelheim. History retained the last words of Sophie Scholl:
Now the memory of these young anti-fascists in Germany is respected. The area where the main building of the University of Munich is located is named after Hans and Sophie Scholly. In the courtyard of the university there is a monument to the underground workers of the White Rose. Three films are dedicated to them, the most famous of which is The Last Days of Sophie Scholl. In the year 1980, the literary prize was also named after Hans and Sophie.
Many other anti-fascists are almost forgotten. Erudite high school student who is interested in history, could find information about them. And maybe next time the young delegates from Russia, even being in Germany, will be able to speak more adequately and talk about real people. About those who did not rot out ingloriously for the Fuhrer in the swamp, but challenged him. And, of course, elders should tell students about those who fought against fascism. Then, perhaps, shameful incidents, as in the Bundestag, will no longer exist.
But Kolya really had a decent way out: to talk not about fascist soldiers, but about heroic German anti-fascists. About those people who challenged Hitler, being in his lair. And paid for this choice of life.
They were quite a lot. Many fought. And many died for it. Recently, 22 February, was the 75-th anniversary of the execution of three of them - Sophie and Hans Scholley and Christoph Probst. These young people were members of an underground resistance group under the romantic name “White Rose”.
At the time of the execution of young Sophie Scholl, 22 was not even years old. She distributed anti-fascist leaflets with her brother, Hans, and several other such young people. Even from the point of view of the Hitler regime, this youth group didn’t deal with anything particularly “criminal”. The most "extremist" of all actions is writing slogans on the walls of the University. That is, by any standards they can be recognized as pure prisoners of conscience. But even the prisoners guys did not last long - they became martyrs too quickly. Because Hitlerism saw danger in any Word.
Sophie Scholl was born in Forchtenberg 9 in May 1921. It was the fourth child of five. Her father served as mayor of this city. But then the whole family moved to Ludwigsburg, and after a couple of years to Ulm. It would seem that it was quite “decent” by the standards of that time family. At 12, Sophie, under the influence of total propaganda, briefly became fascinated by Nazi ideas and joined the League of German Girls. Of course, beautiful and “correct” speeches were made there: that a woman should be courageous, virtuous, have the capacity for sacrifice - and at the same time not be too belligerent. All this attracted a dreamy girl there, at that time a very young child. However, politics was not part of Sophie's main interests, who was keen on music, dancing, painting.
In 1937, three children from this family — Hans, Werner, and Inge — were arrested by the Gestapo. They were accused of illegal political activities, but soon released. Perhaps it was this event that had a significant influence on the further views of Hans and Sophie, who were destined to become heroes of the Resistance. As for Werner, he will then be sent to the front, where he will disappear.
But it will be later. In the meantime ... In 1940, Sophie Scholl graduated from high school. By that time, her passion for that “beautiful candy”, under which the young people were presented with the ideas of Nazism, had already largely disappeared. To avoid labor service, the girl went to kindergarten teachers' courses. Then she had to work in the Imperial Labor Service - this was a prerequisite in order to enter a higher educational institution.
In May 1942, Sophie entered the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Munich. In the same place, only at medical faculty, Hans studied.
In one of her then-letters, the girl actually predicted the future fate: "Sometimes I fear war and lose all hope. I didn’t want to think about it at all, but, most likely, there is nothing more than politics, and as long as it is tangled and nasty, it would be a coward to turn away from it».
The same thoughts originate with Hans and his friends. Young people begin to abhor the brutality of the Nazi regime, the mass executions in the Warsaw ghetto and other negative manifestations of Hitlerism.
In June 1942, the guys created the underground organization “White Rose”. Among the creators was Hans Scholl. The organization was mainly engaged in writing and distributing leaflets. At first they were sent to German intellectuals - the young people hoped to find like-minded people among them (and some of the highly educated people actually joined). Then the young anti-fascists began to distribute leaflets on the streets, in public places - wherever possible. The main idea of the leaflets, whose circulation was several thousand, was that Hitler was leading the country into the abyss. Once Hans wrote on the walls of the University of Munich slogans "Down with Hitler" and "Freedom".
Until recently, Hans did not want to involve his sister in a dangerous underground activity. But in January of 1943, Sophie still joined the organization. But its activity did not last long.
18 February 1943, Hans and Sophie tried to make a bold and daring action - distributing leaflets at the University of Munich. Sophie threw a packet of proclamations from the balcony in the lobby. She, along with Hans, was noticed by a guard, who passed the guys into the paws of the Gestapo.
Hans was carrying a manuscript of a leaflet, written by another White Rose member, Christophe Probst. However, all his participation boiled down to this very leaflet and to being present at several gatherings. This man, the father of three children, preferred not to risk, as he feared for his family. But he was arrested. Several more underground workers were captured.
Sophie Scholl first denied her guilt, but there was too much evidence against her. Then she and her brother chose another tactic - they tried to take the whole blame on themselves and protect Probst and other comrades. Sophie said during interrogations that there was no underground organization, it was just her and Hans who, on personal initiative, produced leaflets.
At the same time, the girl did not repent of anything and once told her executioners: “If they ask me if I consider my actions right now, I will answer: yes. I believe that I did the best of what I could do for my people. I do not regret what I have done and accept the consequences of my actions. ”
The interrogations of the guys were painful, but did not last long. 22 February 1943 held a fascist fascist court. Sophie and Hans Scholly, as well as Christoph Probst, sentenced Judge Roland Freisler to death. For "high treason". There was no opportunity to appeal such a harsh sentence - the brave underground workers guillotined the same day. The execution took place in prison Stadelheim. History retained the last words of Sophie Scholl:
“How can virtue triumph when practically no one is willing to sacrifice himself for her? Such a beautiful sunny day, but I need to go. ”
Now the memory of these young anti-fascists in Germany is respected. The area where the main building of the University of Munich is located is named after Hans and Sophie Scholly. In the courtyard of the university there is a monument to the underground workers of the White Rose. Three films are dedicated to them, the most famous of which is The Last Days of Sophie Scholl. In the year 1980, the literary prize was also named after Hans and Sophie.
Many other anti-fascists are almost forgotten. Erudite high school student who is interested in history, could find information about them. And maybe next time the young delegates from Russia, even being in Germany, will be able to speak more adequately and talk about real people. About those who did not rot out ingloriously for the Fuhrer in the swamp, but challenged him. And, of course, elders should tell students about those who fought against fascism. Then, perhaps, shameful incidents, as in the Bundestag, will no longer exist.
Information