"Iron Mask" and the castle of St. Margaret Island
It is very good that so many people are not indifferent to the BO, and they very often suggest what to write about. For example, after the material about the castle, many wanted to learn more about the mythical Iron Mask and the castle on the island of Sainte-Marguerite, in which he was kept according to the Dumas novel "Viscount de Brazhelon or Ten Years Later." And it turns out that it is possible (and should tell you) about all this by various ingenious calculations that seemed to be able to establish that this same prisoner was born around 1640 of the year, and 19 of November of 1703 died. Under the number 64389000, he was kept in different prisons, including (c 1698) and Bastille, and he was kept there in a velvet mask (and only in later legends it turned into an iron one).
The best version of the "iron mask" from the eponymous movie 1962, with Jean Marais in the role of D'Artagnan.
For the first time about this mysterious man was written in the book "Secret Notes on stories Persian Court ”, printed in Amsterdam in 1745 - 1746, and it was there that it was reported that the“ Iron Mask ”was the Duke of Vermandois, the son of King Louis XIV and his mistress Louise de Lavalier, who was imprisoned for slapping a Dauphin . However, this story is absolutely implausible, since the real Louis of Bourbon died in 1683, when he was 16.
1962 film of the year: Cardinal Mazarin instructs D'Artagnan to bring a prisoner from St. Marguerite to replace the seriously ill King of France.
Then the great Voltaire put his hand to the drama of the Iron Mask. In his work "The Age of Louis XIV" (1751), he first wrote that the Iron Mask is none other than the twin brother of Louis XIV, absolutely like him, and therefore very dangerous as a possible usurper.
Prisoner in an iron mask on the anonymous engraving of the Great French Revolution.
Dutch writers who had no love for France and who tried to cast a shadow on her kings at every opportunity, stated that the “Iron Mask” was ... the chamberlain and lover of Queen Anne of Austria and therefore the real Pope Louis XIV. Then the Jesuit Griff, who served as confessor to the Bastille fortress for nine years, told about the “Iron Mask”, published an essay in 1769 in which he led a diary of the royal lieutenant of Bastille, according to which 19 on September 1698 from the island of St. Margaret brought a prisoner to the name was unknown, and a black velvet (but not iron) mask covered the face.
And here he is an island - everything is exactly the same as in the movies!
He died on November 19 1703 of the year. Well, as for Voltaire, he wrote in his “Philosophical Dictionary” in the article about Anna of Austria that he knew more than Griff knew, but since he was French, he was forced to remain silent.
Why in the movie “The Iron Mask” 1929 of the year with this very mask the prisoner covered his head? And how to comb?
That is, it was the eldest, but the illegitimate son of Anna of Austria, and that, they say, confidence in her fruitlessness of the birth of this child was refuted; but then Louis XIV was born to her from her rightful spouse, well, and Louis XIV, having reached the age of majority, learned about all this and ordered to imprison her brother in the fortress. Immediately there were insinuations worthy of Dumas himself: “The Iron Mask” - the son of the Duke Beckingegham, “The Iron Mask” is the fruit of Anna Austria’s marriage with Cardinal Mazarin, the “child of love” from the captain of the Cardinal Guard Douge de Cavois, Prince Condé, and so on. and things like that.
From film to film, the mask was getting worse ...
Abbot Sulyavi in 1790 also claimed that the “Iron Mask” was the twin brother of Louis XIV, whom Louis XIII ordered to bring up in secret, so that the misfortunes predicted by him, related to the birth of twins, would not materialize. Well, after the death of Cardinal Mazarin, Louis XIV found out everything, but ordered to imprison his brother, and besides, because of their striking similarity, he ordered to wear a mask. During the Great French Revolution, this point of view was generally accepted and it was on its basis that A. Dumas wrote his novel.
And even worse ... and more stupid!
There is evidence that a prisoner in a black velvet mask in the Bastille lists was listed under the name Mattioli. And it seemed to be the adventurer Antonio Mattioli, who in 1678 had promised Louis XIV with the help of betrayal to surrender the fortress of Casale. For this dark matter, he seems to have gotten 100000 scudo, but then he gave this secret to Savoy, Spain and Austria at the same time. For this, he was caught and first held on the island of St Marguerite, and then transferred to Bastille. This assumption was supported by most historians of the end of the XIX century.
Plan of Fort Royal 1775 of the year.
Then cryptanalyst Etienne Bazery deciphered some document, on the basis of which he concluded that the unhappy prisoner in mask was General Vivien de Boulond, but there was also such a view that the Iron Mask was a nobleman Armoise, who in 1672 year in the Spanish Netherlands made a conspiracy against Louis XIV, but was captured in the 1673 year and imprisoned in the Bastille.
The watchtower and carronade of Fort Royal.
But there were such versions, well, just plainly fantastic properties. For example, the Iron Mask was identified with the disgraced Superintendent Nicolas Fouquet, the misguided Minister of Louis XIV, who died in fact in Piernierle, or the English Duke Monmouth, who revolted against King James II and then executed in 1685 year.
View of Fort Royal from the sea.
There is also such a version, quite worthy of Bushkov and some authors here at VO, that the enemies of Russia hid the real Tsar Peter I, who traveled to Europe with the “Great Embassy”, and was replaced, and instead of Russia came sent by Jesuits or masons hostile to all Russian impostor.
The wall of the fort.
In 1963, Charles Benekrut, a French historian, “gave birth to” another version: in his opinion, “Iron Mask” is none other than Cardinal Mazarin himself. Say, it was like this: in 1614, X-NUMX-year-old albino natives were taken from French Polynesia to France, like two drops of water resembling Cardinal Mazarin. Similarity is in the 12 year noticed the Duke de Gaulle. He decided to replace Mazarin with a native, and he did it just fine. The native took the place of the first minister (this is how some "take away"!) Under Louis XIV, and they put an "iron mask" on Mazarin himself.
Gate to the fort.
In 1976, the Soviet researcher Y. Tatarinov expressed his assumption that there were several “iron masks”: at first it was ex-minister Fouquet, then the loser Mattioli and Estach Doge. In any case, all these people were then transported to the island of St Marguerite - the largest of the Lerins Islands, which is located just a kilometer from the famous city of Cannes on the French Riviera. The island itself stretches from east to west on 3 km, and its width is only 900 m. It’s on this stretch of land that the island’s main tourist site stands - Fort Royal, a fort and a prison at the same time, where they kept the famous “Iron Mask” and where he threw the plates into the window calling for help.
Camera "Iron Mask".
At first, that is, during the times of ancient Rome, the island was called Lero. Then the crusaders, who went to the Holy Land, built a chapel on it in honor of St. Margaret of Antioch. In the 14th century, a certain Raymond Fero thought that St. Margaret lived on this island, who headed the community of virgin nuns on it.
Church of St. Margaret. Here the prisoner prayed and confessed.
But already in 1612, Claude de Loran, Duke of Shevrez, became an island owner. And soon it was built and the fort Royal. In 1635, the Spaniards seized the island, but two years later the French drove them away. Then, like the castle of If, Fort Royal became a royal prison, but during the 18th century, the settlement of St. Margaret grew and grew, as it had to serve the island’s garrison.
Maritime Museum with the camera "Iron Mask".
It contained many famous people of his time and in addition to the "Iron Mask". For example, Abd al-Qadir (the leader of the Algerian rebels), and Marshal Bazin, languished here. But he was the only one who managed to escape from this island.
On the eve of World War II, two concrete pillboxes for the defense of the island were built on St. Marguerite Island.
Today, the whole island of Saint Marguerite is overgrown with a thick forest of eucalyptus and pines. In the village on the island there are about twenty buildings, designed primarily to serve tourists. Well, the Maritime Museum was opened in the fort itself, where you can see the finds found on sunken Roman and Arab ships, and where former cameras were opened for tourists, and, of course, the Iron Mask camera and Roman tanks in which the Romans kept freshly caught fish For lovers of war memorials there is a small cemetery of French soldiers participating in the Crimean War, and also a cemetery of North African soldiers that fought for France during the Second World War. There is also a small estate owned by Vijay Mallia - an Indian millionaire and the owner of the team "Formula 1 Force India". Well, he is such an eccentric subject that he wanted to have a villa there for himself, but this is where the sights are exhausted.
The best version of the "iron mask" from the eponymous movie 1962, with Jean Marais in the role of D'Artagnan.
For the first time about this mysterious man was written in the book "Secret Notes on stories Persian Court ”, printed in Amsterdam in 1745 - 1746, and it was there that it was reported that the“ Iron Mask ”was the Duke of Vermandois, the son of King Louis XIV and his mistress Louise de Lavalier, who was imprisoned for slapping a Dauphin . However, this story is absolutely implausible, since the real Louis of Bourbon died in 1683, when he was 16.
1962 film of the year: Cardinal Mazarin instructs D'Artagnan to bring a prisoner from St. Marguerite to replace the seriously ill King of France.
Then the great Voltaire put his hand to the drama of the Iron Mask. In his work "The Age of Louis XIV" (1751), he first wrote that the Iron Mask is none other than the twin brother of Louis XIV, absolutely like him, and therefore very dangerous as a possible usurper.
Prisoner in an iron mask on the anonymous engraving of the Great French Revolution.
Dutch writers who had no love for France and who tried to cast a shadow on her kings at every opportunity, stated that the “Iron Mask” was ... the chamberlain and lover of Queen Anne of Austria and therefore the real Pope Louis XIV. Then the Jesuit Griff, who served as confessor to the Bastille fortress for nine years, told about the “Iron Mask”, published an essay in 1769 in which he led a diary of the royal lieutenant of Bastille, according to which 19 on September 1698 from the island of St. Margaret brought a prisoner to the name was unknown, and a black velvet (but not iron) mask covered the face.
And here he is an island - everything is exactly the same as in the movies!
He died on November 19 1703 of the year. Well, as for Voltaire, he wrote in his “Philosophical Dictionary” in the article about Anna of Austria that he knew more than Griff knew, but since he was French, he was forced to remain silent.
Why in the movie “The Iron Mask” 1929 of the year with this very mask the prisoner covered his head? And how to comb?
That is, it was the eldest, but the illegitimate son of Anna of Austria, and that, they say, confidence in her fruitlessness of the birth of this child was refuted; but then Louis XIV was born to her from her rightful spouse, well, and Louis XIV, having reached the age of majority, learned about all this and ordered to imprison her brother in the fortress. Immediately there were insinuations worthy of Dumas himself: “The Iron Mask” - the son of the Duke Beckingegham, “The Iron Mask” is the fruit of Anna Austria’s marriage with Cardinal Mazarin, the “child of love” from the captain of the Cardinal Guard Douge de Cavois, Prince Condé, and so on. and things like that.
From film to film, the mask was getting worse ...
Abbot Sulyavi in 1790 also claimed that the “Iron Mask” was the twin brother of Louis XIV, whom Louis XIII ordered to bring up in secret, so that the misfortunes predicted by him, related to the birth of twins, would not materialize. Well, after the death of Cardinal Mazarin, Louis XIV found out everything, but ordered to imprison his brother, and besides, because of their striking similarity, he ordered to wear a mask. During the Great French Revolution, this point of view was generally accepted and it was on its basis that A. Dumas wrote his novel.
And even worse ... and more stupid!
There is evidence that a prisoner in a black velvet mask in the Bastille lists was listed under the name Mattioli. And it seemed to be the adventurer Antonio Mattioli, who in 1678 had promised Louis XIV with the help of betrayal to surrender the fortress of Casale. For this dark matter, he seems to have gotten 100000 scudo, but then he gave this secret to Savoy, Spain and Austria at the same time. For this, he was caught and first held on the island of St Marguerite, and then transferred to Bastille. This assumption was supported by most historians of the end of the XIX century.
Plan of Fort Royal 1775 of the year.
Then cryptanalyst Etienne Bazery deciphered some document, on the basis of which he concluded that the unhappy prisoner in mask was General Vivien de Boulond, but there was also such a view that the Iron Mask was a nobleman Armoise, who in 1672 year in the Spanish Netherlands made a conspiracy against Louis XIV, but was captured in the 1673 year and imprisoned in the Bastille.
The watchtower and carronade of Fort Royal.
But there were such versions, well, just plainly fantastic properties. For example, the Iron Mask was identified with the disgraced Superintendent Nicolas Fouquet, the misguided Minister of Louis XIV, who died in fact in Piernierle, or the English Duke Monmouth, who revolted against King James II and then executed in 1685 year.
View of Fort Royal from the sea.
There is also such a version, quite worthy of Bushkov and some authors here at VO, that the enemies of Russia hid the real Tsar Peter I, who traveled to Europe with the “Great Embassy”, and was replaced, and instead of Russia came sent by Jesuits or masons hostile to all Russian impostor.
The wall of the fort.
In 1963, Charles Benekrut, a French historian, “gave birth to” another version: in his opinion, “Iron Mask” is none other than Cardinal Mazarin himself. Say, it was like this: in 1614, X-NUMX-year-old albino natives were taken from French Polynesia to France, like two drops of water resembling Cardinal Mazarin. Similarity is in the 12 year noticed the Duke de Gaulle. He decided to replace Mazarin with a native, and he did it just fine. The native took the place of the first minister (this is how some "take away"!) Under Louis XIV, and they put an "iron mask" on Mazarin himself.
Gate to the fort.
In 1976, the Soviet researcher Y. Tatarinov expressed his assumption that there were several “iron masks”: at first it was ex-minister Fouquet, then the loser Mattioli and Estach Doge. In any case, all these people were then transported to the island of St Marguerite - the largest of the Lerins Islands, which is located just a kilometer from the famous city of Cannes on the French Riviera. The island itself stretches from east to west on 3 km, and its width is only 900 m. It’s on this stretch of land that the island’s main tourist site stands - Fort Royal, a fort and a prison at the same time, where they kept the famous “Iron Mask” and where he threw the plates into the window calling for help.
Camera "Iron Mask".
At first, that is, during the times of ancient Rome, the island was called Lero. Then the crusaders, who went to the Holy Land, built a chapel on it in honor of St. Margaret of Antioch. In the 14th century, a certain Raymond Fero thought that St. Margaret lived on this island, who headed the community of virgin nuns on it.
Church of St. Margaret. Here the prisoner prayed and confessed.
But already in 1612, Claude de Loran, Duke of Shevrez, became an island owner. And soon it was built and the fort Royal. In 1635, the Spaniards seized the island, but two years later the French drove them away. Then, like the castle of If, Fort Royal became a royal prison, but during the 18th century, the settlement of St. Margaret grew and grew, as it had to serve the island’s garrison.
Maritime Museum with the camera "Iron Mask".
It contained many famous people of his time and in addition to the "Iron Mask". For example, Abd al-Qadir (the leader of the Algerian rebels), and Marshal Bazin, languished here. But he was the only one who managed to escape from this island.
On the eve of World War II, two concrete pillboxes for the defense of the island were built on St. Marguerite Island.
Today, the whole island of Saint Marguerite is overgrown with a thick forest of eucalyptus and pines. In the village on the island there are about twenty buildings, designed primarily to serve tourists. Well, the Maritime Museum was opened in the fort itself, where you can see the finds found on sunken Roman and Arab ships, and where former cameras were opened for tourists, and, of course, the Iron Mask camera and Roman tanks in which the Romans kept freshly caught fish For lovers of war memorials there is a small cemetery of French soldiers participating in the Crimean War, and also a cemetery of North African soldiers that fought for France during the Second World War. There is also a small estate owned by Vijay Mallia - an Indian millionaire and the owner of the team "Formula 1 Force India". Well, he is such an eccentric subject that he wanted to have a villa there for himself, but this is where the sights are exhausted.
Information