Aviation rocket RS-2-CSS

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When modifying the rocket, a two-position switch (preselector) “SI” was introduced, which made it possible to use a shell as part of the T-43, SM-12PM and MiG-19PM interceptors. The position of the switch changed the gain of the radio control unit (a high-altitude correction of the forces attributable to the projectile controls was performed, depending on the type of carrier aircraft). Reinforced the yoke and their attachment to the engine housing. The autonomous non-contact radio fuse AP-45М was replaced with the new AR-45М2, later on the more reliable RV-2-US, RV-2-USM and RV-9-U were used. Installed new tracers OTI-30-1; when the missile was equipped with a PB-9-U fuse, instead of tracers, tracer models were mounted on the wings. The layout of the K-5MS product did not differ significantly from the basic version, however, flight performance improved and the combat use altitude was brought to 20,5 km.

The weapon system of the fighter-interceptor C-9 missiles K-5MS assigned the code C-51. To direct missiles in the C-51 system, the TsD-ZOT single-antenna radar was used, which was successfully located in the central cone of the T-43 air intake. The CD-ZOT was developed at KB-1 under the guidance of A.A. Kolosov. In April of 1958, another government decree was issued, according to which the T-43 fighter-interceptor and the Air-1 ground-based guidance and control system were incorporated into the T-3-51 airborne interception system. To work with this system on the T-43 placed onboard part of the guidance equipment "Azure". The work to create an interception complex was constantly in sight of the government.


Su-9 — T-43-2

In the first half of the 1958 of the year, P.O.Sukhogo Design Bureau finalized two serial Su-9 — T-43-2 and T-43-6 rockets for K-5MS missiles, for testing, and built three more cars in Novosibirsk at factory number 153: T-43-3 in May, T43-4 and T-43-5 in August. T-43-2 was launched to factory flight tests in May, in June T-43-3 was connected to the program, and in July, T-43-6. At the end of August 1958, prototypes of machines were presented to the customer. However, it was not possible to start the joint tests of the complex immediately, as the customer demanded that the defects of the machines and engines be eliminated upon acceptance.

According to the recollections of the participant of rocket armament tests of fighter colonels-engineer A.P. Kozhatikov, the results of the work of the State Research Institute-6 were constantly in the field of view of the Air Force leadership: most often the institute was visited by the deputy armament commander of the Air Force P.A. Losyukov and Colonel General A who replaced him .I. Ponomarev, as well as Commander-in-Chief K.A. Vershinin and his deputies.

On 2 of September 1958 of the year, the First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee and Chairman of the Council of Ministers N.S. Khrushchev arrived at the training ground in Akhtubinsk. Preparation for this arrival was carried out thoroughly — reports were written, stands were made out with basic data on the combat use of aircraft and missiles. The demonstration of the defeat of the Il-28 target aircraft in the air with RS-2-U missiles with the MiG-19PM was tested. It was successfully performed by the test pilot of the institute M.I. Bobrovitsky in the presence of the guests.

Other air-to-air missiles — K-6, K-7, K-8, underwent only factory flight testing and were not ready for air show. Ground display was carried out on a special aircraft parking. The rapporteurs for air-to-surface and air-to-air missiles were waiting for guests at the stands with the basic data of the aircraft and missiles installed next to the aircraft with suspended missiles and missiles on carts. About the RS-2-US rocket, N.S. Khrushchev and his entourage were told by the head of the test team F.L. Antonovsky.

State tests of the K-5MS missile as part of the T-3-51 interception complex were carried out in two stages: the first — the general designer — took from December 1958 to May 1959, the second — state joint tests — from October 1959 to April 1960 of the year. Led the test team at the state tests of the aircraft interception complex V.P. Belodedenko. The flights under the state testing program were carried out by OKB test pilots: S.V. Ilyushin, A.A. Koznov, L.G. Kobishchan, E.S. Soloviev, N.M. Krylov and the Civil Aviation Research Institute of the Air Force: G.T. Beregova, N.I. Korovushkin, L.N. Fadeev, B.M. Adrianov, V.G. Plyushkin, S.A. Mikoyan, V.I. Petrov and A.S. Devochkin.

During 1959, 93 test launches of the K-5MS were performed with an overall positive result. The act of completing state tests of the T-3-51 complex was approved on April 23, 1960. A government decree issued in mid-October aviation interception complex adopted by fighter aircraft of the Air Defense Forces of the country.

The complex was adopted by the designation Su-9-51. After that, the K-5MS rocket received the designations PC-2-US and P-51.

At that time, when conducting flight tests of rocket technology, the “safety net” method was used. It consisted in the fact that several interceptor fighters were preparing to intercept the target aircraft; in the event that the first interception was unsuccessful for some reason, the target had to “finish off” the second interceptor. This is explained by the fact that an expensive radio-controlled target based on the Il-28 could not independently return to its airfield, so it had to be shot down in any case.

According to the memoirs of test participant V.V. Lebedev: “At the starting position in readiness“ number one ”were several fighter-interceptors armed with K-13 and RS-2-US missiles. To intercept the Il-28 target aircraft, the K-13 fighter, which failed to hit the target, first went. The second fighter-interceptor immediately took off, this time armed with RS-2-US missiles, piloted by the future astronaut G.T.Beregov. The very first missile launched by him, the RS-2-US, hit the IL-28 with a direct hit. After landing, G.T. Beregova jokingly threw the phrase to the chief designer of the K-13 rocket I.I.Toropov: “It’s due to you,” and then added: “We would have had such missiles during World War II”. Deputy Minister of Aviation Industry B.V. Kupriyanov, who was present at the starting position, thanked all the participants in the tests, and signed an incentive order for our team. ”


Su-9

Other aircraft were also used as air targets. On 9 on January 1959, test pilot S.A. Mikoyan imitated the interception of a Tu-9 bomber on a Su-16. Simulation of intercepts of a high-altitude aerial target, which was played by the Yak-25РВ, on the Su-9-51 was performed by test pilot LIY A. Shcherbakov. High-altitude flights with real launches of K-5MS missiles against a high-altitude target simulated by a high-altitude ball probe were performed by G.T. Beregova.

During the tests, K-5MS revealed such a design flaw as insufficient joint strength of the second and third compartment. On the RS-2-U rockets, the second and third compartments were telescopically docked and fastened with four studs made of wire with a diameter of 3 mm inserted into special ring grooves. After one of the flights, pilot A.S. Devochkin with two K-5MS missiles on the Su-9 suspension rolled out from the concrete runway to the ground. When the fighter moved along the ground on one of the missiles, the junction of the second and third compartments was destroyed; The warhead fell to the ground and rolled, creating a real threat to nearby people and equipment. Leading engineer I.N.Saltan, who observed the landing, grabbed the warhead and carried it in his arms on the 50 m away from the runway. Warhead blew up sappers.

After this incident, KB-455 changed the design of the joint: products released in subsequent years were notable for the increased thickness of the skin of the second compartment, as well as the number and diameter of screws in the joint. Initially, the compartments were connected by a telescopic joint with nine screws with a diameter of 5 mm, subsequently the number of screws increased to twelve, and their diameter to 6 mm.


SM-12PM

Simultaneously with the preparation for testing of the Su-9-51 interception aircraft complex at KB-455, they were preparing to work with the interceptor at the A.I. Mikoyan Design Bureau. The first SM-12ПМ flights with missiles on APU-4 as part of factory tests began in May 1958 of the year. Factory flight and fire tests of elements of the complex, including missiles, on SM-12PM aircraft took place in September-October 1958 at the GosNII-6 training ground. During them thirteen flights with seven launches of K-5MS missiles were completed.

Positive results of factory tests allowed in December 1958 to transfer the SM-12-51 interception system to state tests. They began to be carried out at the beginning of the 1959 of the year, with the interception of real air targets, but the accident of the SM-12ПМ aircraft in April caused by a defect in the РЗ-26 engine led to the suspension, and then, by order of the chairman of the SCAT from 18 on July 1959, all work on the test program and development of the complex SM-12-51 stopped.

Already in 1959, the serial production of RS-2-US missiles was mastered simultaneously at several plants. Plant No. 455 switched from the production of K-5M to K-5MS in the second half of the 1959 year and manufactured 2400, in 1960-m - 3170, in 1961-year - 540 products. In addition, the factory number 455 manufactured training-operational and training-split missiles RS-2-US, as well as the position of the preliminary training of PPP-51 missiles.

At the Moscow factory No. 43, the first batch was delivered to the customer on August 20 of the 1959 of the year, and in all in the 1959 year, 1000 missiles were manufactured, in 1960-m — 2278, in 1961 — 3500. Missile production at the plant continued until the 1964 year. The Kiev factory No. 485 named after Artem produced 1959 RS-1500-US in 2, 1960 in 2500, and 1961 products in 3500. In 2, the production of RS-1959-US was mastered by the carpet factory No. 575, which manufactured 830 missiles, and in 1960, 500 K-5MS rockets were launched by Izhevsk factory No. 622.


Mig-21F

One of the points of the order of the chairman of the GKAT, released in August 1958 of the year, provided for testing the next year on two MiG-21F missile weapons systems with the installation of the radar CD-30 (RP-21) and two air-to-air missiles. OKB A.I. Mikoyan began developing the future E-7 in full accordance with this order. Placing the antenna unit of the TsD-30 station in the central body of the VZU (instead of the radio range finder) caused a change in the geometry of the air intake: an increase in the size of the moving cone and the shell, which led to an increase in drag, which was compensated by an increase in engine thrust. At the same time, to reduce the weight of the aircraft structure, a cannon and a RV-U radio altimeter were dismantled and the ASP-5ND sight was replaced with a simpler collimator PKI.



The first prototype E-7 / 1 was equipped with Lazur equipment for guiding an interceptor from the ground with the Air-1 system. The fighter was developed for two types of missiles: K-5MS and K-13. K-13 missiles were suspended on APU-13 launchers attached to pylons, and K-5MS on APU-7. The first flights on the E-7 / 1 were performed by test pilot I.N. Kravtsov in the fall of 1958. State tests of the RS-2-U rocket took place in September 1963, and it was recommended for inclusion in the armament of the MiG-21 PF fighter-interceptor, which was one of the E-7 variants. The RS-2-U missiles appeared on the MiG-21PF from the 15-th machine of the 16-series.

In 1962, by order of the chairman of the GKAT, P.V. Dementyev finalized the MiG-21PF (serial number 76210101), equipping it with an anti-jamming station TsD-ZOTP and APU-7 launchers for the use of RS-2-US missiles. In March of the 1962 year, they began joint state tests of the new station as part of the aircraft, and from the middle of the 1962 to the 1963 year, and missile systems. Tests have confirmed the possibility of the combat use of missile weapons at low altitudes of the order of 2 km instead of 4 km with the CD-ZOT. The development of radar continued for several years. The K-51 system was adopted by the Air Force in the 1965 as part of the MiG-21PFM.


MiG-19PM

Even during the testing of the RS-2-U missile at the MiG-19ПМ in the test team, many of whose members participated in the Great Patriotic War, and at conferences held at the State Research Institute-6, the question arose of the rational use of the rocket. Repeatedly, referring to the experience of the past war, the participants in the discussions expressed the opinion that it would be expedient to destroy enemy front-line aviation at airfields. After some time, these wishes took shape in the task given to one of the test participants. In 1959, the head of the department, R. Ya. Filyaev, instructed the lead engineer I.N.Saltan, as an aviation weapons specialist, who knew the ASP-5НМ sight well, to write a program of work on firing missiles from a MiG-19ПМ fighter at a ground target. To carry out the work, nine RS-2-U missiles were allocated. As a target on earth, a circle was drawn, divided by a cross into sectors. Test pilots E.N. Knyazev, M.I. Bobrovitsky and L.A. Peterin took part in the work. The launch was made by diving from a height of 5 — 7 km at a minimum speed at an angle 25 — 35 ° to the ground. The duration of the dive was 14 — 15 m. To analyze the results, shooting at a ground target at the approach site was recorded by three photographers: two from the sides and one from behind.

Two rockets flew away at 10 km and exploded. One of the rockets exploded in 500 m from the CP. During one of the launches, the pilot began to leave the dive before the rocket met with the target. K-5M, located in the equal-signal zone, began to perform the slide and self-destructed after a specified time.
Analyzing the results of the work, it was found that the radio fuse worked at an altitude of 9 —11 m. The meeting point for the purpose was behind the cross. Now they began to take the aiming point when shooting at a ground target in 5 m in front of the target.


missiles RS-2U (MiG-19PM) and RS-1U (MiG-17PFU)

After familiarizing the Air Force leadership with the results of the launches, it was decided to conduct full-scale research in 1959 — 1960. For this, about 50 rockets RS-2-U were allocated. The targets used were Tu-4 and IL-28 aircraft, cars and the Comet anti-ship missile. The test was attended by test pilots of the State Research Institute-6 L.A. Peterin, M.I. Bobrovitsky, Popov, Gomon and two pilots from the Lipetsk Air Force Combat Training Center. The work was carried out at a training ground in Kapustin Yar, which had a target field equipped with film theodolites. Based on its results, a report was made that confirmed the possibility of aimed firing of guided air-to-air missiles at a ground target, it was noted that a more powerful warhead was needed to increase the combat effectiveness of launches against a ground target. Based on the report, N.I.Saltan wrote an article for the departmental magazine, in which combatant pilots were given recommendations on the combat use of RS-2-U missiles.

In October 1959 year, engineers of the plant number 455 GA. Kagan and V.N. Morozov, as well as specialists from the Moscow plant No. 663 and the Novosibirsk Radio Plant, were sent to assist in the development by the Chinese aviation industry of the production of RS-2-U missiles. The missiles were assembled at a factory in 200 km north of Beijing with the participation of GA Kagan, who coordinated the work of a group of Soviet specialists. The remaining members of the group worked at a factory in the Tien Jing Province, which mastered the production of radio control equipment, a radio fuse and a CPA. Together with Soviet specialists, Chinese engineers, graduates of the Moscow Aviation Institute, who had practical training in 1957 — 1958 at factory number 455, worked. The first batch of Chinese-made missiles PL-1 in the summer of 1960 was prepared for testing, during which the failure of radio fuses was recorded. Launched under the same conditions as a Chinese pilot, missiles manufactured in the USSR worked reliably. Chinese experts began to search for the reasons for the refusal, and our specialists returned to their homeland in September 1960 of the year by order of the government.



The RS-2-US missile was in service until the beginning of the 1980's. She contributed to the establishment and development of the direction of guided missile weapons of fighter aircraft in the domestic aviation industry, as well as the acquisition of experience in the operation of this class of weapons with combat units of the Air Force and Air Defense.
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  1. 0
    26 January 2013 23: 47
    On the first photo of the MiG-17F, correct.

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