Projects of small submarines development SPMBM "Malachite"

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At present, our country is implementing a program for the construction of submarines of various classes and types, the purpose of which is to update naval equipment fleet. In addition, Russian enterprises are building submarines for foreign customers. Due to its high performance, Russian-made equipment is in demand and regularly replenishes the composition of the naval forces of foreign countries. As it became known a few days ago, foreign customers are interested in various Russian projects, including small and ultra-small submarines.

On July 29, the TASS news agency published an interview with the general director of the St. Petersburg Marine Bureau of Mechanical Engineering (SPMBM) Malakhit, Vladimir Dorofeev. The head of the project organization told about current work and plans of the domestic shipbuilder in the context of the development of the submarine fleet. In addition, the topic of promising projects and the interest shown to them by potential customers in the face of foreign military fleets was touched upon.

According to V. Dorofeev, the list of interested parties almost does not change. Interest in Russian submarines traditionally show the states of Africa and Asia. In addition, Latin American countries can fill up the list of customers. The head of SPMBM "Malachite" expressed the hope that the existing interest in the future will lead to the appearance of real contracts.


Submarine project 865 "Piranha" at the pier. Photo Navy.su


For export SPMBM "Malachite" offers small diesel-electric submarines of several models. These are both new projects and developments created on the basis of small “Piranha” type submarines. Project 865 "Piranha" was created in the eighties in the interests of the navy of the Soviet Union. Two such submarines were built, which for some time were used by submariners. Now available practices are used in new projects. Also, the designers of “Malachite” are engaged in the development of new projects for diesel-electric boats with a displacement of less than 1 thousand tons.

V. Dorofeev said that the Malakhit SPMBM is consulting with the Russian Ministry of Defense regarding the full range of projects being developed. Among other things, designers and the military are jointly studying the subject of non-nuclear small-displacement submarines. However, while such collaborations have not led to the appearance of contracts and real orders for the development of promising technology.

The leadership of “Malachite” hopes that the recent significant change in the nearby maritime theaters may lead to a change in the tasks of the navy. Thus, in response to new threats, the domestic fleet may be interested in small submarines. An additional factor capable of enhancing this interest will be the possibility of using the most modern complexes, the dimensions of which allow installation on small ships.

At the present level of development of technology and technology, small submarines can have quite high characteristics. V. Dorofeev noted that submarines of this class cannot have large ammunition, but are able to work effectively in the near sea zone. At the same time, however, new problems and challenges arise. Due to the shallow coastal areas, the reduction of electromagnetic fields is of particular importance. In addition, there is a problem of visual visibility, since at a shallow depth the water can not always hide the submarine.

One of the ways to develop non-nuclear submarines, regardless of their size and displacement, is the creation and implementation of air-independent power plants. According to V. Dorofeev, the use of such systems on small submarines is one of the options for the further development of existing and future improvements. To date, a bench sample of an air-independent power plant has been created. In the future, similar equipment is planned to be introduced into promising submarine projects. However, for the time being these are only plans for the distant future, since the new power plants should be the first to receive larger ships.

Projects of small submarines development SPMBM "Malachite"
The scheme of a small submarine type "Piranha-T". Figure Malachite-spb.ru


The promising projects of small submarines currently being developed and offered to customers are a further development of the basic ideas embodied in the Piranha 865 project. The development of this project began in the late seventies, in the middle of the next decade the main submarine was built. Boats "Piranha" were intended to ensure the work of combat swimmers engaged in reconnaissance or sabotage operations. Depending on the task, this technique could deliver a reconnaissance and sabotage group to the place where the combat mission was to be carried out, could conduct reconnaissance or secretly attack various targets.

"Piranhas" had a displacement of 218 t with a length of 28,2 m and a width of up to 4,7 m. The design of the titanium case allowed to dive to depths of 200 m. The power plant of the submarines was composed of a diesel generator with a power of 160 kW and 60-kilowatt rowing motor. With their help, the boat could reach an underwater speed of up to 6,6 nodes or go from an economic at the level of 4 nodes. Sailing range reached 1000 nautical miles. Continuous range underwater - up to 130 miles.

The work of all the onboard systems was to be managed by a crew of three. The possibility of transportation of a reconnaissance and sabotage group of six people with the necessary diving equipment, weapons, etc. was also envisaged. To accommodate the payload, two containers were offered, placed outside the robust hull. They could carry diving towers or other equipment, mine-laying devices or small-sized torpedoes. In the case of the transportation of weapons, the Piranha ammunition could consist of two 400-mm torpedoes or four mines of the PMT type.

From 1984 to 1990, the Soviet industry built only two small submarines of the 865 project. The operation of the boats did not last long: in the late nineties, they were written off and sent for stripping. The reasons for this were due to lack of funding and general problems of the Navy. It is interesting that one of the small submarines, despite the short service life, managed to act in films. It was with the help of "Piranha", called "Baby", that the heroes of the comedy "Peculiarities of National Fishing" tried to save their supplies. Thanks to this film, everyone could get an opportunity to see the internal compartments of the once secret submarine.

Using the experience gained during the development of the project 865 "Piranha", SPMBM "Malachite" has developed several new variants of equipment of a similar class. Currently, potential customers are offered three options for small submarines with different characteristics. Despite noticeable differences in characteristics, all such projects have a similar purpose. Prospective submarines are offered for covert patrols and combat missions in the coastal zone. Boats can conduct patrols and reconnaissance, support reconnaissance and sabotage groups, as well as set mines or attack targets of various types.


The scheme of a small submarine project P-550. Figure Malachite-spb.ru


The prospective Piranha-T project proposes the construction of a submarine 47,5 m long and 5,2 m wide with normal draft 3,9 m and displacement 370 t. Due to hull strength characteristics, the boat should be able to work at depths up to 200 m. 315-kilowatt diesel generator and propeller motor 400 kW are included. Maximum speed under water should reach 12 nodes, economic - node 4. The range of navigation is declared at the level of 2,2 thousand miles. The range of the underwater course without the need for ascent - 200 miles. Autonomy - 20 days. Crew - five people.

It is proposed to mount two 533-mm torpedo tubes in the nose of the Pirany-T. The ammunition of the boat should consist of two torpedoes of caliber 533 mm, six torpedoes of caliber 324 mm or eight sea mines. If necessary, the submarine should take on board a group of combat swimmers numbering up to six people, as well as the necessary equipment for it.

The modified version of the project "Piranha-T" with the increase of some characteristics is a submarine of the type P-550. It is characterized by increased dimensions, due to which it was possible to allocate more space for storing ammunition. Also in the project П-550 more powerful units of the power plant are used. The displacement foreseen by this project reaches 750 m. The length of the boat is 55,1 m, the width is 6,4 m, and the draft is 4,9 m. Due to the more durable hull, the maximum depth is increased to 300 m.

The project P-550 uses a diesel generator with a power of 630 kW and a rowing motor with a power of 900 kW. With their help, an underwater speed of up to an 14,5 node can be achieved. Economic speed in a submerged position - 4 node. The maximum cruising range is 2200 miles, the continuous scuba range is 160 miles. Provided autonomy up to 20 days. Crew - 9 man.

For use with 533-mm torpedo tubes, the P-550 submarine can carry four torpedoes or 533 caliber rockets, eight 324-mm torpedoes, or up to 24 naval mines. The possibility of carrying six combat swimmers with weapons and equipment remains.


The scheme of a small submarine project P-650. Figure Malachite-spb.ru


The largest of the small submarines offered by the Malakhit SPMBM is the P-650E. While maintaining common goals and objectives, this version of the submarine has the largest displacement - 870 tons. Dimensions of such a boat should correspond to the displacement: length 60,5 m, width 6,4 m and draft 5 m. Extreme depth of immersion should be 300 m. generator power 630 kW and propeller motor power 900 kW. It also provides for the use of an electrochemical generator with a capacity of 15000 kW ∙ h. The maximum underwater speed is declared at the level of 14 nodes, the economic - 4 node. Cruising range is up to 2000 miles, continuous underwater - 1200 miles. To manage the submarine must crew of nine people. Fuel reserves and provisions provide autonomy for 20 days.

The P-650 project involves the use of 533-mm torpedo tubes. With their help, the submarine can transport and use up to 4 torpedoes (or corresponding missiles) of caliber 533 mm, eight 324 mm torpedoes or up to 24 sea mines. Inside the robust hull provides space for accommodating six combat swimmers and the equipment they use.

Small submarines developed by Malachit SPMBM are currently being offered to various customers. In particular, advertising materials and models of such equipment are regularly displayed at various exhibitions of weapons and military equipment. Nevertheless, while such developments only attract the attention of potential customers, but do not become the subject of contracts. According to available data, from the entire spectrum of small submarines created by the Malachite designers, only the Piranha 865 project reached the production and subsequent operation of the navy. However, for a number of reasons, this technique was not built in a large series and did not remain in service for too long.

Based on the experience gained during the creation and operation of the Pirani, domestic experts have developed several promising submarines of a similar class. During exhibitions and showrooms, these projects attract the attention of potential customers, but they are still not in a hurry to sign contracts. The domestic customer represented by the Ministry of Defense also shows interest in promising developments and conducts technical consultations, but does not yet plan to develop such cooperation and initiate the construction of a new technology.

To date, Russian specialists have developed several projects of small submarines with a displacement of no more than 750-870 t. Such developments attract attention, but are not yet being built in the interests of various military fleets. Nevertheless, the observed changes in the strategic situation, as the authors of the new projects believe, can change the military’s views on the need for such equipment. As a result, in the future, promising projects may reach the construction of submarines, which will enrich the composition of domestic or foreign fleets.


On the materials of the sites:
http://tass.ru/
http://malachite-spb.ru/
http://navy.su/
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26 comments
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  1. +29
    4 August 2016 06: 18
    Based on the experience gained during the creation and operation of the Piranhas, domestic experts developed several promising submarines of a similar class. During exhibitions and salons, these projects attract the attention of potential customers, but they are not in a hurry to sign contracts.

    Colombian drug cartels froze in anticipation)))
    1. jjj
      +1
      4 August 2016 07: 29
      Well, we have columbines more efficient. And "Malachite", by the way, is fully designing a boat to replace the project 885, simultaneously modernizing the series under construction. "Perm" was laid down before the Navy Day
    2. +4
      4 August 2016 08: 59
      :))) smiled, they, in principle, do not even need torpedoes, but one LARGE cargo compartment is needed. So I propose to remake the Typhoon 941 project for their grandmothers, it will turn out to be more carrying capacity laughing ! one hell kind of like they were written off.
      1. +2
        4 August 2016 12: 14
        How is it not needed, and drive the coast guard?
        1. +3
          4 August 2016 22: 50
          Do you want the Scandinavians to go crazy with the Balts?
    3. +1
      4 August 2016 15: 22
      Quote: ImPerts
      Colombian drug cartels froze in anticipation)))

      They have their own "nautilus" wassat
    4. +5
      4 August 2016 18: 49
      Projects of small submarines development SPMBM "Malachite"
      we have Kuzmich ... lol
      1. +1
        5 August 2016 03: 41
        Yeah, I immediately thought: For vodka in Finland. laughing
  2. +4
    4 August 2016 07: 09
    And I liked the article! I think these "babies" have a great future! Civilian options, could ride tourists! I always dreamed of looking at something like that, to explore the underwater kingdom.
    1. +5
      4 August 2016 07: 28
      Quote: Hunter
      explore the underwater kingdom.

      And how are you going to look at the "underwater kingdom"? Periscope? request
      1. +2
        4 August 2016 15: 33
        Quote: Vladimirets
        And how are you going to look at the "underwater kingdom"? Periscope?

        It is possible in the periscope. Sometimes even better! wink
    2. +3
      4 August 2016 15: 24
      Quote: Hunter
      I think these "babies" have a great future! Civilian options, could ride tourists!
    3. 0
      5 August 2016 23: 36
      Just in Finland, small submarines are being built for tourists))) In Egypt, in Hurghada, there are two such ... Dive for ten meters, huge portholes on the sides, work on a small coral reef next to the sunken sailing ship ... Five years ago the excursion cost about 80 dollars, first brought to the port, then taken by boat to the transfer point, and diving by boat for about twenty minutes, and then taken to the water park)))))) ... Maybe soon something like that on the Black Sea come up with, of course, if there is transparency of water pos olyaet ....
  3. +4
    4 August 2016 07: 11
    If it significantly increase the immersion depth, up to 700-1000 meters, then there will be an excellent diversion apparatus. And delivering it to the same BS-136 Orenburg, and due to the electrical installation will have significantly lower noise, sneaking up at maximum depth in the vicinity of the enemy’s shelf. wassat
    1. +1
      5 August 2016 14: 34
      Quote: kugelblitz
      If it significantly increase the immersion depth, up to 700-1000 meters, then there will be an excellent diversion apparatus. And delivering it to the same BS-136 Orenburg, and due to the electrical installation will have significantly lower noise, sneaking up at maximum depth in the vicinity of the enemy’s shelf. wassat

      And why is such a diving depth for a subversive submarine? After all, the coverage of such submarines is the coastal water area.
  4. +2
    4 August 2016 08: 48
    The operation of the boats did not last long: already in the late nineties they were decommissioned and sent for cutting.
    It’s a pity. Isn’t that a burden just like that? Or maybe someone asked to get rid of them?
  5. 0
    4 August 2016 09: 38
    I could be wrong, but it seems to me that finding such a baby is an order of magnitude more difficult than the same Varshavyanka. And that means the Navy will have an additional trump card. Based on them, you can make unmanned vehicles, then the autonomy will go much further than 20 days. An excellent prospect is to graze for such a drone somewhere under the keel of Nimitz (how much cargo can be placed there?), And at the right moment the crew of Nimitz will not even understand what happened.
    1. +4
      4 August 2016 15: 11
      Quote: uskrabut
      An excellent prospect is to graze for such a drone somewhere under the keel of Nimitz (how much cargo can be placed there?), And at the right moment the crew of Nimitz will not even understand what happened.


      all that remains is to make sure that such a "baby" can reach the aircraft carrier's operational area. That will immediately make it not a baby, but quite an ordinary submarine, with an appropriate displacement. And of course, do not forget about the speeds of aircraft carriers (about 30 knots)
  6. +2
    4 August 2016 09: 39
    at the end of the 90s in Kronstadt and asking for nada was- they all sawed:) there and the Warsaws were also older - then he came, no ...
  7. +4
    4 August 2016 12: 06
    Our "Babies" of the Second World War were also tiny, and they had done a lot of things. The full displacement is only 250 tons, and the crew is 36 people! Where were they placed there?
  8. +2
    4 August 2016 12: 07
    Submarine project 865 "Piranha" at the pier. Photo Navy.su
    Why is Kuzmich not in the picture? smile
    1. 0
      4 August 2016 15: 34
      Quote: Verdun
      Why is Kuzmich not in the picture?

      Look above, there is Kuzmich smile
  9. 0
    4 August 2016 18: 22
    The author you could find information about a new hypersonic missile with nuclear content. This information was in the news I do not remember the exact name. If anyone heard, tell us about this new tool that scared mattresses
  10. +1
    4 August 2016 19: 31
    Submarines of this type have and will have a brilliant future, in the current situation we will need a mosquito submarine fleet, first of all, not in the Baltic, in the Caspian, they will also be useful in the Northern and Pacific fleets: there will be many people who want to cheat on our shores, and we must timely and at any theater of operations to have time to give the "partners" a tooth in the teeth before they ask for it.
  11. 0
    4 August 2016 21: 05
    Here is an article and a film about the Piranha boat, a detailed story about the design and performance characteristics.
    http://kollektsiya.ru/voennie-korabli/775-865-piranya-foto-i-video-sverkhmalykh-


    podvodnykh-lodok.html
  12. 0
    5 August 2016 08: 03
    On such "babies" it is necessary to work out "breakthrough technologies" in terms of weapons, tactics of massive use of diverse forces and means ("flocks"), new power plants, propellers (water cannon, "fin", etc.), the possibility of disrupting the work of int. communicator cables, pipelines (such as "underwater monitoring"), etc. I would especially focus on the creation of promising VNEU (Sterling, an ion engine for an electric generator, etc. New drives instead of GTZA, a different method of HW drive, etc.) That is, on the basis of a "small" displacement, it is quite easy to experiment - not And according to the results, they will decide on the projection on the "large" displacement. That is, on the "fry" in the future we will grow "commercial fish" of the 4th and 5th generations. Of course, this sounds like a fantasy so far, but ... in the not too distant Is it possible to experimentally obtain the first Russian "Quaker" - a hybrid of a submarine (submarine) and an airplane (LA)? Why not?
  13. PPD
    0
    5 August 2016 11: 04
    With all due respect to the designers, the project is extremely controversial. Not surprisingly, there is no demand for it.
    -Boats "Piranha" were intended to support the work of combat swimmers engaged in reconnaissance or sabotage operations. But at the same time
    - Cruising range reached 1000 nautical miles. Continuous range under water - up to 130 miles.
    With such performance characteristics, swimmers can only be landed in closed theaters, such as the Black Sea or the Baltic.
    And even that occupation is extremely dubious. Planting saboteurs in Sweden? What for? To keep for this your own "special" boat?
  14. 0
    5 August 2016 15: 05
    Interestingly, of course, but what about the already finished project "Amur" -950?
  15. +2
    6 August 2016 03: 42
    combat swimmers would benefit from Chinook-type helicopters, capable of landing on water and taking on board a boat with swimmers. well, and also drop from there. Yakovlev's helicopter-car was in the USSR. that's a good thing. and boats ... it is better then to give each swimmer an individual drive. the team has more chances to stay alive. the boat can be blown up, covered with depth charges and that's it ... the entire crew died. and if everyone has their own underwater vehicle, then it is not possible to detect this and cover everyone at once. I know Greek combat swimmers, they sailed from the islands of Samos and Chios to Turkey, went ashore there quietly conducted their event and just as quietly swam back. then the Chinook picked them up already in neutral waters. By the way, the Turks also often swam to us. last time "Bordeaux took", those that attempted to assassinate Erdogan swam, but they were caught. because the Turks surrendered them, and ours began to diligently search for them and catch them. Otherwise, hell would have found them. and although they are my enemies, for some reason I felt sorry for them. they are not treated like human beings. and they are good fellows, behaved with dignity. I would probably be very proud if I had to fight against them, they are worthy opponents. to fight with them and survive it ... very few people will succeed, but even knowing that I would die, I would still be proud of the fact that I was fighting a worthy enemy.

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