Lessons from the Turkestan Uprising

22
After 100 years, historians have no single view of its causes and consequences.



It has been exactly one hundred years since the beginning of the 1916 uprising of the year in Turkestan. The 1917 revolutions of the year have overshadowed this tragic page of the past, but the wounds caused by the uprising have not healed until now. Historians of different countries break spears on the subject of what it was - the national liberation movement against the oppression of the Russian Empire, a spontaneous upsurge of nationalism and savagery, or an attempt by the local clan aristocracy to retain power. And some politicians in the Central Asian region are trying to speculate on the blood of 1916 of the year, invoicing modern Russia.

Forgotten reserve of the empire

By the summer of 1916, Russia had already participated in the hardest World War I for two years, which had become a test of strength for the entire Romanov empire. In an atmosphere of complete tension of the country's forces and resources, an uprising broke out in Turkestan.

The indigenous population of the region enjoyed a number of privileges: it was released from conscription, did not die on the fronts and did not rot in the trenches, but was engaged in economic activities. After the accession of Central Asia, Russia brought railways, irrigation canals and medical services to this backward region, which sharply reduced mortality, mail, telegraph, and industry. Innovations led to the gradual loss of power and prestige of the local clan aristocracy, which did not want this.

The resources of the warring empire were not unlimited, and in the second year of the war, the authorities turned their attention to the multimillion non-national population not involved in the country's defense. 25 June 1916 The Emperor Nicholas II signed the Highest order on attracting the male alien population of the empire from 19 to 43 years for defensive work at the front. It was about labor mobilization for digging trenches with a salary payment (ruble per day) and state maintenance. It was supposed to call the 8% of the male indigenous population. But the answer was a dangerous one in wartime, as well as a senseless mutiny in Turkestan (Central Asia) and Steppe Territory (Kazakhstan), which diverted significant forces to their suppression.

In Semirechye, on the border with China, in July 1916 ridiculous rumors spread that "the Russians want to select the most healthy element of the Muslims, send to the theater of operations for work ahead of the Russian soldiers, where Russian and German troops will kill them, and way will be achieved intended by the Russian goal of the destruction of Islam. " The steppe became agitated, and young people of military age began to gather in gangs of deserters.


The military governor of the Semirechensk region, MA Folbaum Photo: Motherland

Mutiny of the deserters

On July 10, several thousand Kyrgyz decided not to obey the order. Gradually, the native population turned to active protest, which was expressed in the mob attacks of local residents on the Russians. In Semirechye, which was actively mastered by Russian immigrants, the most pronounced was hatred towards them in connection with the land issue. Shortly before the events, in 1915, Russian settlers were disarmed and 7500 berdanok was sent to the army. The migrants were defenseless, and there were few troops in the region.

July 17 The Turkestan military district was transferred to martial law, a major military leader and administrator, a brilliant expert on the Territory, Adjutant General A.N., was appointed the Turkestan Governor-General on July 22. Kuropatkin - a veteran of the annexation of Turkestan to Russia. Government troops were sent to the region with a sanction on any measures, including the destruction of the resisting villages.

From day to day the reports became more disturbing. The rebels cut the telegraphic message of Semirechye with Tashkent, began to block military commands and attack them. There have been frequent attacks on Russian civilians: several displaced topographers were killed, the Kyrgyz destroyed the post stations, some Russian villages were surrounded and subjected to defeat, and there were killed, wounded and captured. The rebels were stealing livestock. 9 August Kyrgyz attacked the village of Grigorievka, which was burned and looted, and residents are forced to flee.

Kyrgyz were armed with a variety of weapons, including obsolete (flint and wick guns, rifles), self-made (peaks, axes, mounted on long sticks) and captured from single Russian soldiers. On August 6-7, the rebels seized a poorly guarded transport carrying 170 berdanok and 40 000 cartridges. Killed 3 soldier. The fact of seizing a large batch of weapons was a powerful incentive to intensify the struggle against the Russians. Part of the weapons supplied by the Chinese. The Manapas (patrimonial nobility) received a portion of the money from the sale of weapons — the uprising brought them profit.


Map with the designation of the uprising areas. Annex to the report A.N. Kuropatkina Nikolay II from February 22 1917 RGVIA.

Wrestlers with women, children and intellectuals

By August 10-11, the rebels cut the telegraph link with Pishpek, Przhevalsky, Verny and Tashkent, began to terrorize the Russian population: robbed and smashed yards, killed and captured residents, raped women. In response, the Russian population has formed security guards.

11 August Dungans slaughtered most of the peasants of the village Ivanitsky. The population of the village Koltsovka was killed, the survivors fled to Przhevalsk. On August 12, two officers and a group of Cossacks died at the hands of the Kyrgyz. The body of the officer and seven Cossacks were disfigured. "Their death [-] is a very dark matter, because according to rumors reaching me, they with several lower ranks were thrown by their units to the mercy of fate," the head of the search office in Verny and Semirechenskaya oblast noted in his report.

The uprising has grown so much that the real fighting began. There was an orderliness and coordination between the rebel assemblies. Around 10 in August, the commander of Pishpek district, lieutenant colonel Rymshevich with a military team, was besieged in the village of Samsonovskaya and spent several days in siege, by 12 August they were freed by a detachment of equestrian sent out. Government forces restored telegraphic communication Pishpek - Tokmak. In the area of ​​the latter there was a real battle of the rebels with the 42 horse team of people. The rebels lost up to 200 people, government forces lost one Cossack.


Orenburg Cossacks in equestrian ranks. Photo: provided by VG Semenov (Orenburg).

The killing and torture of single Russians continued. Postal stations on the right bank of the Naryn River were looted, the bailiff and his convoy were killed, and the settlements of Belotsarsky and Stolypin were destroyed. The situation of Russian residents was aggravated by the lack of a Russian male population mobilized to the front in the region. Initially, the Kirghiz destroyed only those who resisted, but soon they began to destroy the Russians in general. They perceived their performance as a holy war against the "infidels" (infidels). According to Muslim tradition, the dead went to heaven. There were no moral restrictions.

The Issyk-Kul Monastery was ravaged. Among those killed are seven monks and novices. Priest I. Roik was taken to the mountains and killed for refusing to accept Islam, his wife and daughter were raped. The savage reprisal of 13 took place in August from 9 to 11 in the hours of the morning with the helpless students of the Przhevalsk Agricultural School, attacked by nomads. "In addition to school employees, residents of the village of Vysokoy gathered there; most of them were slaughtered in the most cruel way, and some of the young women and girls were taken captive." School managers, teachers, an economist and four students were killed. As reported by witness I.A. Kisses, "I was told several cases of eyewitnesses that the Dungans of teenage girls were torn into two parts, stepping on one leg, and pulling the other one up until the victim split into two halves."

The report on the status of the Turkestan diocese for 1916 provided evidence of the parish priest E. Malakhovsky, who noted that on August 14, on the way to Przhevalsk, many mutilated dead Russian bodies, both adults and children, came to be on the way.

You can write a whole book about Kyrgyz atrocities. The times of Batu, perhaps, will give way ... Enough that on the road came across the corpses 10-year-old raped girls with elongated and carved insides. Children were smashed on stones, torn, placed on peaks and skewers. Older people were put in rows and trampled by horses. If death is terrible at all, then such a death is even worse. It became terrible at the sight of all this. "

A contemporary remembered: “On the lawn in Samsonovka, inside a small fence are the graves of Russians killed during the uprising, among them one grave of a young and beautiful girl and student, with the same name as mine. They were on a botanical expedition in the mountains when a Kyrgyz detachment appeared.The companions of these young people urged them to ride and ride as quickly as possible, but the girl was too slow, collecting her belongings and collections. The young student, like a gallant gentleman, refused to leave her and they were both killed the rebels. "


Telegram of the assistant of the Turkestan Governor-General, General of Infantry, M.R. Erofeev to the military minister DS Shuvaev and the Minister of the Interior about the beginning of unrest among the Kyrgyz. 8 August 1916 g. Photo: RGVIA

In rural areas, the Kirghiz exterminated the Russian-speaking intelligentsia. Simple people suffered most of all, especially those from whom the natives saw only good - doctors, teachers. In the village of Ivanitsky, Przhevalsky district doctor Levin was killed, the party of engineer Vasilyev, the teacher and their family members were cut out. The head of the Turkestan Department of Agriculture and State Property telegraphed 18, August 1916, to the Minister: "We received information [about] the death of the technical party of the railway or our ministry numbering forty people. [According to] all data, the number of victims is quite significant." Before killing their victims, the Kyrgyz practiced various tortures - cutting off genitals to Russian men and breasts for women; cutting off the ears, poking out the eyes.

The Russian population was afraid to leave the cities. Villagers threw field work and fled to the cities. Kirghiz also poisoned their crops and haylands with cattle. The detachment of the military foreman Bychkov between Verny and Przhevalsky "saw many victims of the insurrection ... A doctor at the Vernensky city hospital who was treated in Issyk-Kul was killed with his elder daughter, and the dentist's wife was blasted with his son. The stations are all ravaged." In total, according to the resettlement organization, in the area of ​​Issyk-Kul Lake, 1803 people were killed by Stolypin settlers, 1212 people were missing. Most of the other affected villages along the southern shore of the lake. On August 10, the insurgents destroyed a hydrometeorological station on the Jumgal River, part of which was killed, partly captured.

The city of Przhevalsk, which was awaiting from the day of the attack, 11 of August was barricaded by the inhabitants. Telegraph communication with the outside world was interrupted. Only in mid-August a detachment of government troops arrived in the city and the threat was withdrawn. However, even in early September, the murders of single Russians still occurred around the city.


Armed Kyrgyz. Photo: Motherland

The Empire Strikes Back

General A.N. Kuropatkin wrote to the Minister of War, D.S. Shuvaeva 18 August 1916 on the local population: "Over the period in 40 years we didn’t draw close to ourselves the hearts of these simple, but still primitive people."

Kuropatkin negatively treated the call for rear work, but it was impossible to cancel the decision of the emperor, it remained only to suppress the uprising. 3 September 1916 g. Kuropatkin wrote in his diary: "In Semir [Yechenskoy] region, the Kyrgyz population of three southern counties rebelled. We have to send considerable forces there and asked for sending two Cossack regiments, which is done.

Many Russian villages are crushed, many victims, their ruin is complete. Special armed resistance has not yet been provided. Decisive action will begin the other day. He moved troops from both Tashkent and Fergana. There was no fixed number of troops in the province.

I had to send part of the militia squads, part of the mouth of the reserve battalions. The troops are a little united, not disciplined enough ... The bitterness between the Russian and Kyrgyz population is growing. Kirgiz allowed huge cruelty. The Russians did not remain in debt ... In general, the workers' exhibition was an impetus, and the Kirghiz’s dissatisfaction with the Russian regime grew long ago. ”Gradually, the authorities began to take control of the situation.


Turkestan Governor-General A.N. Kuropatkin. 1916 g. Photo: Homeland

Frightened and indignant, the Russian population responded with violence to violence. In addition to organizing self-defense squads, desperate residents staged a pogrom in Przhevalsk in which women were mostly involved. 12 August in Przhevalsk prison while trying to escape, Kyrgyz prisoners were shot. About 80 people died. According to reports from the field, in the Belovodsky sector, the Russian population is extremely embittered, has come out of the bailiff's obedience, destroys the Kirgiz. In the area of ​​Belovodsk on August 12, a local town squad captured Kyrgyz who killed six refugee farmers, raped women and gouged out the eyes of children. A total of 338 people were detained, 138 of whom were sent to the Pishpek Prison, but during their transfer to the prison while trying to escape, they were killed by warriors. In the village of Belovodskoye, where many residents were killed by the Kyrgyz, women were taken captive and children were tortured, on the night of 13 in August local Russian peasants killed 517 of the arrested Kyrgyz members of the uprising (according to other sources, they were Chinese spears). "In the absence of weapons, they beat them with sticks and stones, they pricked them with pitchforks, gutted them with sickles and braids," one of the documents said. Looting manifested on both sides. According to A.N. Kuropatkina, "it is necessary to severely punish the Kirghiz, but it is also harsh for the Russians to lynch themselves, otherwise the correct life will not be restored."

Despite the numerical superiority of dozens, and sometimes hundreds of times, the Kyrgyz could not withstand a collision with regular troops. Under the blows of government troops, part of the Kyrgyz went to the mountains and surrendered, others fled to China, taking with them the loot and Russian captives. In total, in Semirechye, at least 2325 Russians died, 1384 went missing. The losses of the Kirghiz are not exactly known. According to some reports, the order of 4000 representatives of the indigenous population died and about 12 000 were killed during the flight to China, including Chinese border guards who were drowned and died from fire. Before 164, 000 people fled to China, some returned, by May 1917 there were about 70 000 refugees there.

Abroad, the Kyrgyz were in an extremely difficult position in the face of hunger and epidemics. They sold property and even sold children. The bulk of the Russian captives were killed by the Kirghiz, no exceptions were made for either women or children. The Russian consulate in Kashgar managed to save only 65 women.


From the diary of the Turkestan Governor-General A.N. Kuropatkin. Photo: RGVIA

The outcome of the uprising

October 16 Kuropatkin held a meeting at which a decision was made to evict 80 000 Kyrgyz from Pishpek and Przhevalsky counties, in which the Russian population suffered most and the formation of Naryn district. The decision was due to the plan to evict the natives from the territories where Russian blood was shed. Przhevalsky county was planned to settle exclusively Russian population. However, this measure was not implemented in connection with the revolution. In the spring of 1917, Kyrgyz began to return to their former places of residence, which caused discontent and fear of the Russian population.

17 October Kuropatkin telegraphed to the police department that Semirechensk area "resistance to the rebel Kirghiz can recognize broken ... The adopted Semirechensk military governor vigorous measures succeeded in maintaining a relatively small population of victims Pishpek and Verny counties and keep from revolt population counties Kopal and Lepsinsk. Protect the Russian population of Przhevalsky district was not in time, and the population of this district was severely injured. Up to two thousand Russians were brutally killed [in] this district, in the overwhelming majority of men, about one thousand, mostly women, were captured and missing, about 1300 estates were burned, about 1000 estates were ransacked. The city of Przhevalsk was defended, and he survived. "

The economic well-being of the Russian population was undermined, 15 000 tithes of arable land were destroyed. In Tokmak district alone, 600 houses were burned, 356 borrowings were destroyed, 12 000 desiatinas of crops were destroyed, the total loss amounted to about 500 000 rubles. The total amount of pecuniary damage claimed by the Russian population was 30 995 424 rubles.

The authorities took measures for material and food aid to the distressed Kirghiz in China. The Provisional Government, continuing in this matter the line of the imperial government (which provided a loan for these needs in 50 000 rubles), provided material assistance to the victims. 5 million rubles were allocated to support the returning Kyrgyz from Kyrgyzstan, 6 150 000 rubles to help the affected Russian population of Semirechye.

The blood shed in Semirechie in the summer of 1916 was not forgotten. In the spring of 1917, in Przhevalsky district, tensions were felt due to the return of the Kirghiz and the authorities' proposals to reconcile with them. In a memorandum of deputies of the county, the head of the Provisional Government noted: "The population cannot forgive the Kirghiz, piercing eyes, cutting out tongues, killing innocent people, raping women, girls and even girls. It cannot forgive the Kirghiz - the perpetrators of their complete ruin ... Reconciliation is necessary, since life even now in Przhevalsky district is intolerable and terrible. None of the Kyrgyz dare to appear without protection in places inhabited by Russians, but also woe to the Russian peasant who drove far into the woods. Recently, 11 of this March ode, the Kyrgyz killed 3 soldiers who had gone to the mountains for reconnaissance. The Russians beat single Kyrgyz almost daily. This circumstance is obviously unknown to the government, but this is a terrible fact. "

By February, 1917 was headed by about 123 000 people to the rear. 32 approved death sentences against leaders of the uprising. In March, the Provisional Government suspended the shipment to the rear, and in May all those sent were decided to return to their homes.

In 1917-1920 a bloody civil war unfolded in the region. The decisive factor was the ethno-confessional and class opposition. Former migrants mostly supported the Reds; Cossacks and Kyrgyz were on the side of whites. The lessons of 1916 should not be forgotten today, especially since the tragic events of that time continue to retain their alarming relevance.


S. Chuikov. Rebel flight to China. 1936 g. Photo: Reproduction / Homeland
Our news channels

Subscribe and stay up to date with the latest news and the most important events of the day.

22 comments
Information
Dear reader, to leave comments on the publication, you must sign in.
  1. +9
    12 July 2016 17: 23
    Islam is the most depressive of all the existing official religions. And the most aggressive, no matter what they say about her peacefulness. The youngest, and therefore aggressive. There is no concept of "infidels" in any modern religion. In Islam, there is. He (Islam) is now approximately where Christianity was also during the period of the Inquisition and the forced baptism of all who fell under the "distribution" - with a cross and a sword. Those who disagree - to the stake!
    Not all Muslim terrorists, but 9 out of 10 Muslim terrorists.
    1. +6
      12 July 2016 19: 23
      Yes it is. But, unfortunately, if the Slavs Russian Christians want to continue to live and develop in the future in their homeland, then there is only one way out - to drive Muslim Turks and Muslim Highlanders into their indigenous lands of existence. If you are so proud and you can do it yourself - prove it, develop on your land, equip settlements, create infrastructure, etc. Do not dare to climb with your charters, laws, and regulations into OUR territory, land. The Russians wanted in a good way, but the foreigners considered the nobility of Muslims as a weakness ... Russian humanity very often failed with the East and the Caucasus. In these regions, only power is respected, and again, strength.
      1. -3
        12 July 2016 21: 08
        Where are the Tatars, Bashkirs, the North Caucasus expelled, in which root lands? Can we concentrate? Then immediately Russian happiness and roll over. By the way, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan are the friendliest of Russia in Central Asia (despite the bloody past described in the article), but this is the merit of the Soviet government.
        1. -2
          12 July 2016 21: 39
          Quote: AID.S
          By the way, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan are the most friendly to Russia

          I wrote a comment and immediately deny myself:
          Competition for the best musical compositions dedicated to the 100th anniversary of Urkun announced in Kyrgyzstan
          Bishkek, July 12 / Kabar /. The Ministry of Culture, Information and Tourism of the Kyrgyz Republic, together with the Union of Composers and the Union of Musical Figures of the Kyrgyz Republic, as part of the implementation of the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic Culture Development Program until 2020, announces a Republican contest for the best musical compositions dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the tragic events of 1916 “Urkun” .
          According to the press service of the Ministry of Culture of the Kyrgyz Republic, the aim of the competition is to create musical works that reflect high spirituality, citizenship, patriotism, love for the homeland and aimed at educating the younger generation in the spirit of pride in the glorious centuries-old history of their country and its freedom-loving people.
          The objectives of the republican competition are:
          1. Stimulating the authors to create musical compositions that meet modern aesthetic requirements, singing the glorious historical past of our country, the deeds of outstanding personalities of the past and present.
          2. Fundamental updating and replenishment of the repertoire with new highly artistic works of professional and amateur music and performing groups of concert institutions, theater and entertainment enterprises of the republic, including children's groups.
          3. Stimulating the creative potential of composers, identifying new talents.
          Terms:
          1. The competition is closed. Works submitted to the competition must be indicated with slogans or codes. The same ciphers are indicated on the envelope, in which a sheet with the name of the work, indicating the name, author’s name, contact phone number, home address is sealed. It should also contain information that the participant agrees to the terms of the competition.
          2. Musical compositions can be created in any genre.
          3. Previously published works that have received prizes at other competitions are not considered.
          4. Compositions are accepted in the form of musical material - score, clavier, direction, voice. At the request of the contestants, they can be created in any genre.
          The organizing committee of the competition is obliged to recommend the composer's works noted by the jury for performance at events held as part of the Year of History and Culture dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the tragic events of 1916 “Urkun”, as well as for the performance of creative teams in educational programs.
          At the same time, the organizing committee is obliged to recommend the works that received prizes at the Competition for acquisition by the Repertoire and Editorial Board of the Ministry of Culture, Information and Tourism of the Kyrgyz Republic.
          The responsibilities of the Organizing Committee of the Competition include paying for correspondence of votes (parties) marked by the jury of the competition, paying for the performance of works and reviewing the works submitted to the Competition, hold a concert of the winners of the Competition and provide prizes for the winners of the Competition.
          The composition of the jury of the Competition is formed before the Competition from among prominent musical figures, scientists and members of the public.
          Contestants are not allowed to work on the jury. The approved composition of the jury and its decision when summing up the results of the competition are not subject to appeal.
          Competition entries are accepted until September 1, 2016 in the Union of Composers of the Kyrgyz Republic at 50 Razzakova St., Bishkek.
          For information call 62-34-97, 66-11-28 (MKIT KR), 66-43-04 (Union of Composers of the Kyrgyz Republic), 62-49-08 (Union of Musical Figures of the Kyrgyz Republic).
          1. -2
            13 July 2016 05: 53
            since childhood, brains are twisted in the right direction ...
        2. The comment was deleted.
        3. 0
          13 July 2016 21: 38
          Quote: AID.S
          Where are the Tatars, Bashkirs, the North Caucasus expelled, in which root lands? Can we concentrate? Then immediately Russian happiness and roll over. By the way, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan are the friendliest of Russia in Central Asia (despite the bloody past described in the article), but this is the merit of the Soviet government.

          Do not take it out of context, you all understand. And reading between the lines is not necessary, do not exaggerate.
        4. 0
          20 July 2016 18: 45
          Thank you for warm words! Today, we owe our safety to Russia!
    2. The comment was deleted.
    3. +1
      13 July 2016 05: 59
      But is there anything written about the goyim? America is such a Muslim country, it bombes everyone ...
      1. -1
        13 July 2016 06: 04
        In cultural differences and upbringing, the dog actually rummaged. In a healthy or unhealthy heredity yet ...
    4. 0
      20 July 2016 18: 55
      Verb, have you graduated from high school long ago? How can I understand modern religions? The author of the radish, and you there too. Mestechkovy Andryusha Ganin, let Zionists along with Zhirinovsky and Satanovsky look after their fellow tribesmen. During the war, they stayed with these Kyrgyz in Tashkent and Almaty. and then they began to teach everyone how to fight and Stalin had a tyrant from them, wash your finger before pointing to someone
    5. 0
      4 January 2017 05: 44
      The biggest mistake of all the grief experts on Islam is that many believe only rumors. After all, everyone forgets what the Koran is, where you can understand after reading it !!! But the main task of the Western media to sow chaos and confusion between the former "states of the Union" can be said to be a success. After all, those 90 years, the stories about the severed heads of Russians in the former republics were taken from the ceiling. But they were firmly entrenched in the minds of Russians with the help of clerks to obtain Russian citizenship, they demanded to tell about the "atrocities" of their former neighbors. So continue to consider Islam the enemy of humanity, where the main experts are sitting in the West and in America, and their main task is to seize the land of the Russian Federation and oil deposits, he does not believe. But how can you destroy your own nuclear-powered ships and airplanes with your own hands ??? Only stupid people will still help you to break Russia into a hundred new republics ...
  2. +6
    12 July 2016 18: 13
    More recently, there was an article about this topic, and this is what is surprising, representatives of Central Asia insisted on their competence to kill and rob. Moreover, for some reason, they confirm their right in grievances about the dissatisfaction of their Wishlist. The Türks in Central Asia are very heterogeneous until now, and even then, a hundred years ago they were generally very heterogeneous. To this day, the weighty word of the elders outweighs any argument of reason. Today, in order to justify their nationalism, any claims are being inflated, omitting their own sadism in murders and robberies. In 1916, an attempt to get rich through robbery and the slave trade was the basis of the whole * uprising *, and then they tried to lay at least some ideology under purely mercantile goals. Today, the terribly independent Kyrgyz Kazakhs rob the robbery and the slave trade altogether, and attribute to the RUSSIAN immigrants sadism and, even more outrageously, they try to somehow bring down what was in 1916 under the genocide.
    1. 0
      13 July 2016 05: 49
      with interruptions on conversations about food and who both rested ...
  3. +6
    12 July 2016 21: 57
    In essence, these chocks as they were then they remained so.
    In the 1987 year, when the Uzbeks opposed the Meskhetian Turks, they killed them more than 1000 people, mostly defenseless women, old people and children, with particular cruelty in just one night in Ferghana.
    Then the Uzbeks clashed with the Kirghiz because of the water, then the Tajiks with the Uzbeks and the Kirghiz also because of the water, and this dispute is not over. And there has always been cruelty and barbarism.
    There is an institute of karakul breeding in Samarkand, some of the local chiefs of the aborigines decided to erect a monument to the entrance "big ram" 2 meters high.
    Which of the Russians wrote "The monument to the Uzbek people" on this monument?
    The inscription was erased, then it was written again, and so it went on for 3. Then this monument was completely removed.
    1. -2
      13 July 2016 06: 11
      It’s not a fact that of the Russians, especially since they didn’t oversleep ...
  4. +5
    12 July 2016 23: 56
    Quote: stas
    Then the Uzbeks clashed with the Kirghiz because of the water, then the Tajiks with the Uzbeks and the Kirghiz also because of the water, and this dispute is not over. And there has always been cruelty and barbarism.

    The Russian people in Central Asia have always been not so much a colonizer, as a civilizer and arbiter, "pulling in corners" and calming the mutual passions of local peoples.
  5. 0
    13 July 2016 00: 43
    Although the uprising was suppressed, how much trouble and grief did it manage to bring? In wartime, such things are usually stopped quickly and severely. But here we see that the level of hostility and the number of victims grew for a rather long period of time, without any significant reaction of the authorities. If the authorities immediately showed their strength - by arresting as many participants in the first pogroms as possible and executing the main instigators - then we could have avoided such a number of victims on both sides. And so - the rebels, seeing the complete helplessness of the local Russians and the helplessness of the authorities, were simply brutalized from impunity and permissiveness. So then the blood shed by the Russians was largely in the hands of the tsarist government, which failed to properly respond to the start of the uprising.
    1. -1
      13 July 2016 05: 31
      not rebellion but rebellion. In addition to weapons, the British also adjusted their shape, which then lay in warehouses after a year and a half Red Army.
      The rest of the article is a plus.
    2. +1
      13 July 2016 05: 56
      the seizure of weapons is also an indicator, he knew what would be who was doing, and hunting in Chechnya was also seized from the Russians before the massacre and "independence" of the 1990s

      Only now the Tsar has nothing to do with it, then he sent the Cossacks.
  6. +2
    20 July 2016 18: 56
    I am a Kyrgyz and I’ll tell you that the Russian occupiers left behind SCHOOLS, HOSPITALS, HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS, ADVANCED COMPANIES and most importantly, these are the insolents that THE STATE GIVEN TO US.
    At the time mentioned there was a war. The agents of Turkey and Germany did their job, and here the decree of the Tsar played into their hands. Yes, they were illiterate and misled. History itself has put everything in its place.
    During the Patriotic War, our grandfathers stood up as one to defend our common homeland. Thank you to the Communists and strangely enough to Comrade Stalin. IN OUR COUNTRY WE ALL WERE BROTHERS!
    And NOW YOU CAN KICK ME !!!!
  7. 0
    19 October 2016 19: 43
    The author forgot to point out that all the schools were for Russians, and the root violence was illiterate. Only those who had money could give education to children, but in Russian. Here the children of the rich received education abroad, in the Middle East, and the agents of the Queen of England did not doze off. An interesting detail then was easier to buy English guns, but the rifle was cheaper than a horse for that money ...
  8. 0
    29 December 2016 12: 37
    With pasties you have to keep your ears open. Russia gave them civilization and culture, both under the Russian Empire and under the Red Empire, and they turned out to be so "grateful". Not all, of course, but in general, dark and backward people are still.

"Right Sector" (banned in Russia), "Ukrainian Insurgent Army" (UPA) (banned in Russia), ISIS (banned in Russia), "Jabhat Fatah al-Sham" formerly "Jabhat al-Nusra" (banned in Russia) , Taliban (banned in Russia), Al-Qaeda (banned in Russia), Anti-Corruption Foundation (banned in Russia), Navalny Headquarters (banned in Russia), Facebook (banned in Russia), Instagram (banned in Russia), Meta (banned in Russia), Misanthropic Division (banned in Russia), Azov (banned in Russia), Muslim Brotherhood (banned in Russia), Aum Shinrikyo (banned in Russia), AUE (banned in Russia), UNA-UNSO (banned in Russia), Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People (banned in Russia), Legion “Freedom of Russia” (armed formation, recognized as terrorist in the Russian Federation and banned)

“Non-profit organizations, unregistered public associations or individuals performing the functions of a foreign agent,” as well as media outlets performing the functions of a foreign agent: “Medusa”; "Voice of America"; "Realities"; "Present time"; "Radio Freedom"; Ponomarev; Savitskaya; Markelov; Kamalyagin; Apakhonchich; Makarevich; Dud; Gordon; Zhdanov; Medvedev; Fedorov; "Owl"; "Alliance of Doctors"; "RKK" "Levada Center"; "Memorial"; "Voice"; "Person and law"; "Rain"; "Mediazone"; "Deutsche Welle"; QMS "Caucasian Knot"; "Insider"; "New Newspaper"