On the stocks and on the drawing board
The baton of generations picks up "Khabarovsk"
The past year has shown that Russia has a fairly modern and powerful fleet capable of performing real tasks. As training, when strategic missile carriers successfully hit targets in other parts of the world, including the Bulava salvo launches, and combat.
Large landing ships, without attracting attention for the time being, ensured the deployment of an entire military base in Syria. Small rocket ships from the Caspian hit the vital objects of terrorists banned in Russia by the IG. Equally high-precision shooting hundreds of kilometers from a submerged position, almost in passing, was noted by the Rostov-on-Don diesel-electric submarine, which followed from the North to its position on the Black Sea Fleet.
"The rapid development of" mosquito " fleet became one of the signs of modern Russia ”
These episodes, which received international resonance and made the whole world make sure that before Russia, it is better not to play muscles neither on land, nor in the air, nor at sea, indicate the main tendencies of the fifth revival of the Russian fleet for its nearly 320-year-old history.
Last year, the fleet received nearly fifty new ships and auxiliary vessels, approaching the task that President Vladimir Putin set at the May meeting in Sochi with the leadership of the Ministry of Defense and representatives of the defense industry complex: “By the end of the year, it is necessary to reach the established parameters for modern weapons and military technology. In the Ground Forces and the Air Force, their share should be respectively 32 and 33 percent. In the Airborne Forces - 40 percent, in the Navy and Troops of the East Kazakhstan region - more than half ”.
The nuclear submarine fleet is most successfully updated. Of the eight strategic missile carriers of the Borey and Borey-A projects (developed by TsBB MT Rubin), which are planned to be built, Yury Dolgoruky, Alexander Nevsky and Vladimir Monomakh have already begun to watch the military watch.
In different degrees of readiness on Sevmash - "Prince Oleg", "Prince Vladimir", "Generalissimo Suvorov" and "Emperor Alexander III". On the agenda - the tab of another "Borea". On board such an 16 – 20 submarine cruiser, the Bulava ICBM (each can carry nuclear warheads of 6 – 10).
The 170-meter 24 tonnes of thousands of tons of Borei, capable of diving to 450 meters and developing the speed of 29 nodes, until the middle of this century will be the basis of Russia's naval nuclear forces. For the time being, the mission is carried out flawlessly by the “Dolphins” of the 667 BRDM project (according to the NATO Delta-IV classification), which are undergoing a phased modernization, in particular, are armed with more powerful Sinev missiles.
The construction of a new family of Yasen universal missile submarines has also stabilized with a displacement of over 13 thousand tons, sinking to 600-meter depth and accelerating to 30 nodes. “Conceptually, this project, the lead ship of which was the nuclear submarine“ Severodvinsk ”, was slightly ahead of the development of multi-purpose nuclear-powered ships in the USA,” said Vladimir Dorofeyev, general director of the designer, the marine engineering bureau Malakhit. - The “Ash” feature is that it is equipped with a complex weaponsIn addition to the torpedo tubes, for the first time in the practice of domestic shipbuilding, they are placed at an angle to the diametral plane — it also includes vertical launchers of cruise missiles. Moreover, from the same installations and torpedo tubes, without re-equipping the ship, various weapons can be used. That is, today they came out with one ammunition, in order to solve problems, for example, in the fight against surface ships and submarines, tomorrow they rebooted and were ready to hit coastal targets with salvo fire. Mechanics and airborne electronic weapons without any problems working with different types of weapons. In the course of state tests of the cruiser Severodvinsk, cruise missiles were successfully launched, intended to destroy both surface ships and long-range coastal targets. With the help of this ship, the Navy, our state will be able to carry out a new function - non-strategic nuclear deterrence through the use of high-precision long-range cruise missiles. "
The main universal submarine cruiser “Severodvinsk” took up combat duty, and Sevmash built four such nuclear-powered ships: “Kazan”, “Novosibirsk”, “Krasnoyarsk” and “Arkhangelsk” and is preparing for laying another one.
Fourth generation nuclear submarines "Ash" will support past atomicines, which, gradually rearming, are in service: Rubin's 949 and 949А projects, Malachite 671РТМК and 971, Lazurite 945 and 945А.
At the same time, the most secret nuclear strategic submarine “Khabarovsk”, the developer - TsBB MT “Rubin”, is being built on Sevmash. This atomicin is probably the fifth generation, where robotized complexes are actively used (for more details, “Necessary and sufficient”).
Meanwhile, the fourth generation of non-nuclear submarines has not yet emerged from the trial stage, although the head Rubin's submarine St. Petersburg laid 26 December 1997 of the year, and launched 28 October 2004. The project “Lada” itself, when it was represented, being the general director of CDB MT “Rubin”, academician Igor Spassky, looked very attractive: “For the first time, the two-body design of the boat was abandoned - the displacement decreased by 700 tons, and the weight and size characteristics improved from here, decreased noise, electromagnetic fields, the boat will be able to stay under water twice as long. The main indicator - stealth - doubled compared with "Kilo". "Lada" will compete in the world with dignity. "
However, more than a hundred know-how in the conditions of the scientific and technological turbulence of Russia at the beginning of the twenty-first century sometimes takes root painfully.
In this regard, the creators of marine technology, according to the chief engineer of the TsDB MT Rubin, Valentin Frolov, have their own specifics: “Unlike tank and aircraft construction, we have no prototypes on which everything is worked out and brought to life, and then launched into a series . Our lead ship is a real sea testing ground. ”
In the end, advanced technology, accumulated experience, the skill of scientists and production workers, interaction with the sailors won. The Lada project took place, which was confirmed by Admiral Viktor Chirkov, Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy: “The submarines of the 677 project (Lada) are promising in their characteristics, much better than their predecessors. What we are doing today is the internal saturation of submarines with modern mechanisms and knots. We place high demands on all of them on noise, on the possibilities of detecting a potential enemy submarines in the underwater environment, and also on their defeat at more significant distances. I myself and expert groups travel to all defense companies that are engaged in the preparation of submarine subassemblies and mechanisms, and on the spot we see what suits us, what is not, and demand high-quality industry. ”
In the near future, the sailors are waiting for an air-independent power plant for these ships, which will ensure their long-term secretive presence under water, and then work will go faster. In any case, the construction of the already-serial “Lad” - “Kronstadt” and “Velikie Luki”, located in the slipway of the Admiralty shipyards, has been revived. Expected contract for the next submarine.
As planned, the Lada will be the most widespread family among non-nuclear submarines, its ships will serve in all fleets.
At the same time, it is worthwhile to pay tribute to the responsibility of sailors who did not wish to drive an unworked project into a series, although they suggested this to the hotheads. And the diesel submarine fleet of Russia by the end of the 90-x shrank. At the Black Sea Fleet, for example, only one Alrosa diesel-electric submarines has remained de facto. Therefore, the country's leadership long before the annexation of the Crimea decided to create in the Black Sea a whole mix of six new submarines, named after the cities of military glory. Novorossiysk, Rostov-on-Don, Stary Oskol and Krasnodar have already been transferred to the sailors. Extreme submarines of this series - "Veliky Novgorod" and "Kolpino" are built on schedule. All of them are an improved version of the 636.3 "Varshavyanka" project (according to the NATO classification - Improved Kilo). The diesel displacement unit with a displacement of 3950 tons is capable of sinking to the 300-meter depth and moving at a speed of 20 knots. The crew of 52 sailors can make a one and a half month autonomous trips. According to the general director of the Admiralty shipyards, Alexander Buzakov, the project has undergone a profound modernization: “First of all, it differs from the previous models by the armament complex. The combat information and control system was completely changed, non-penetrating sliding devices appeared, which made it possible to free up additional useful volumes. Installed a new battery with a longer cycle of operation. Improved design of the main electric motors. But the main thing - the boat has become even quieter. That is, in fact, its noise is below the background of the sea in which it is located: the sound of the sea is heard, but it is not. And the detection range of the enemy is increased. The idea is simple: whoever spotted the opponent, won the duel. Armed with a ship torpedoes caliber 533 millimeter (six vehicles), mines and attack missile complex "Caliber". Now he is working on land, surface and underwater targets. " As demonstrated by the diesel-electric submarines "Rostov-on-Don", which fired rockets from a submerged position on targets in the vicinity of the Syrian city of Rakka, the capital of the Islamic State. It is possible that the construction of "Varshavyanok" will be continued after the "manning" of the Black Sea Fleet.
Applause to our new Russian weapons was deserved by our 21631 “Buyan-M” RTOs, when on October 7 of last year four ships synchronously executed 26 launches of “Caliber” cruise missiles directly from the Caspian Sea. According to Deputy Navy Commander-in-Chief, Vice Admiral Viktor Bursuk, before the 2019, the fleet will receive about 10 of such IRCs, and a continuation of the Buyan-M project will be lightweight corvettes developed by the Almaz Central Design Bureau and armed with the same Calibers.
And let each of the small hunters carry less charges than a bomber or a large ship, in certain conditions they can become irreplaceable. The legendary director of the shipbuilding firm Almaz, Anatoly Korolev, who preserved the production of small but nimble all-weather combat units into destructive 90, said, not without pride: “Any cruiser or destroyer is always in sight, under the gun, he is“ led ”, and my ships dispersed in the water area - you will not see them, you will not hijack them, but everyone is ready to fire ammunition. ”
The rapid development of the "mosquito" fleet has become one of the signs of modern Russia. Maritime frontiers had to be defended, even when a significant part of the ships had rotted on the piers or were allowed “on needles”. And IRAs, corvettes and boats are relatively cheap, the cycle of their creation is shorter, which means that they can be built more, and the technologies of the 21st century make it possible to “pack” powerful weapons in modest dimensions. It is not by chance that these types are built in Petersburg, Zelenodolsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, and Vladivostok ...
The renewal of ships in the far sea zone is progressing more slowly than desired. Mainly because of the betrayal of the current Ukrainian leadership: our country, it seems, fully believed that the neighbors would not cut the bough of military-technical cooperation, which gives real money to their choking economy, both in space technology and in engines for ships airplanes and helicopters. But the launch of the production of domestic power plants, including the ship, on the way. Corps in St. Petersburg and Kaliningrad are already being prepared for them.
In the meantime, the lead frigate of the 22350 project “Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Gorshkov” (developed by the Northern PKB) is the first large surface warship built at Russian shipyards after the collapse of the USSR and is being tested in the North to join the fleet this year. In varying degrees of readiness at the Northern shipyard, the frigates "Admiral of the Fleet of Kasatonov", "Admiral Golovko" and "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Isakov". At this stage, the fleet plans to order the construction of eight such 135-meter ships with a displacement of 4500 tons, armed with 130-millimeter artillery, Onyx or Caliber-NKE missiles and the Polyment-Redut air defense missile system. In the future, the frigate may become the most massive ship in the far sea zone.
At the same time, the brainchild of the Kaliningrad Yantar plant, the patrol ship Admiral Grigorovich, is on state tests. The project 124-meter frigate with a displacement of 3600 tons with rocket and artillery weapons, developed by the Northern PKB for India, after the modernization organically fit into the Russian shipbuilding program under the code 11356. Storozheviki "Admiral Essen" and "Admiral Makarov" are preparing to surrender, built ships, named in honor of admirals GI Butakova and V.I. Istomin.
The long-awaited update of landing ships begins. At the Baltic shipyard "Yantar" began testing the lead ship of the project 11711 "Ivan Gren." True, it is possible that in addition to the 120-meter displacement of five thousand tons of “Gren” and its analogue BDK “Peter Morgunov” a series of larger “marine paratroopers” will be built.
The specialized high-tech fleet is also being revived.
On New Year's Eve, the naval vessel included the Igor Belousov 21300 rescue ship, created in the Almaz TsKMB and Admiralty shipyards to help emergency submarines at half-kilometer depths. The firstborn will serve on the Pacific Fleet, but the prospects for building rescuers for each of the fleets are being considered.
Northern Shipyard and Iceberg Design Bureau pleased the new “sea intelligence officer”, the Yury Ivanov communications vessel, to provide communications and control for the fleet, electronic warfare, radio and radio intelligence, as well as tracking components of the US missile defense system. In readiness serial ship project 18280 "Ivan Hurst."
The Srednenevsky Shipbuilding Plant executed the head minesweeper of the 12700 project “Alexander Obukhov” from non-magnetic materials, the first serial anti-mine defense ship “George Kurbatov” has already been built.
Nowadays, for the first time in the post-war years, we paid attention to the renewal of the auxiliary fleet.
Sea transport weapons "Akademik Kovalev" project 20180TV built in the center of ship repair "Zvezdochka" in Severodvinsk.
On the Pacific Fleet raised flags on two raid tugs for maintenance "Boreev."
The northern shipyard is testing the lead supply vessel for the 23120 Elbrus project and is preparing the Vsevolod Bobrov serial “supply”.
The diesel-electric icebreaker “Ilya Muromets” of the 21180 project, laid down at the Admiralty shipyards, will effectively support the actions of the ship groups in the Arctic zone.
The ceremony of laying the newest sea tanker project 03182 "Mikhail Barskov", adapted for work in the Arctic ice, was held at the factory "East Shipyard" in Vladivostok.
Nevsky Shipbuilding Shipyard is building the universal tanker Akademik Pashin.
The re-birth in the coming years will receive the Far Eastern shipyard "Star". Prior to 2050, construction of modular multi-purpose platforms for submarines and surface ships, as well as 116 ships and other shelf technology is envisaged.
The construction of a new shipbuilding complex begins at the Northern shipyard, which will cost a billion rubles in 31. In addition to the state-of-the-art housing processing shop, metal warehouse and logistics terminal, the country's largest drydock with a length of 400 and a width of 70 meters will settle here. It is assumed that the complex will annually be able to produce up to eight ships, including unique ones - 300-meter length.
Most likely, the construction of an ocean-class squadron destroyer will begin at the Northern shipyard in the coming years. Details of the project "Leader" has not yet been disclosed. It is known that the ship will be equipped with a nuclear power plant.
In Severodvinsk, in a planned manner, large surface ships are being upgraded: the 1164 Atlant cruisers (Moscow, Varyag and Marshal Ustinov) - on the Zvezdochka and TARK project 1144 Orlan (Admiral Nakhimov, Petr Great ”) - on Sevmash.
But the most welcome event in the fifth revival of the Russian fleet will be the construction of a new aircraft carrier with a nuclear power plant. Its displacement is about 80 thousand tons. On board, the ocean’s flagship will be able to handle up to 90 aircraft, including the fifth generation.
On the upgrade of marine technology in the State Armaments Program to 2020, it is provided five trillion rubles. Such expenses are understandable and explainable. Russia is surrounded on all sides by the sea. However, unlike other countries, our Armed Forces have to defend at the same time five large maritime theaters (taking into account the Caspian Sea), and the state, respectively, contain five independent fleets, the consolidation of which at one time is almost impossible. The modern fleet must ensure the security of the Russian economic zone and represent the interests of our state, displaying the St. Andrew’s flag in all regions of the World Ocean.
Speaking about the development of the Navy, Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu noted: “As a result of the implementation of the state armament program before 2020, the fleet must receive eight missile submarine cruisers, 16 multipurpose submarines, 54 surface warships of various classes”. It is extremely difficult to carry out these plans, taking into account the unprecedented pressure from “probable friends” led by the United States, but it cannot be otherwise. In the end, it’s not a checkpoint. The main thing is that the Russian fleet is confidently looking to the future.
Alexey Zakhartsev
Underwater slug
Boreas may have an economical alternative.
The tactics of submarine missile carriers has always been tightly tied to the range of the weapons that they carried on board.
A bit of history. The first diesel rocket boats with D-1 complexes (R-11FM rocket, range - 150 km, surface launch system) were forced to approach the enemy for a “pistol shot”, putting at great risk not only the performance of a combat mission, but also their own existence. As more advanced missile complexes of the launch zone were developed, they were moving away from the American continent deep into the World Ocean, which reduced the likelihood of detecting and destroying their carriers. In the middle of 1963, a revolution occurred - the missiles went under water. The 629 project with the D-4 complex (the P-21 rocket, underwater launch, range - 1400 km) was a working horse of the marine component of the SNF for more than 17 years.
The 658 project with the D-9 complex (the P-29 rocket, underwater launch, range - 7800 km) further pushed back combat patrol areas from the enemy's coast and reduced the vulnerability of our missile carriers. The equipment of the latest series of nuclear submarines (Dolphin, Borey) with intercontinental 8 thousand missiles - 11 thousand kilometers (Bulava, Sineva) made another revolution in the SSBN tactics. Now you can hit the enemy's targets "from the pier". There is no need to go to distant areas of combat patrols, break through the stationary systems of NATO and US submarines, dodge the enemy’s surface, submarine and air forces that are hunting for our missile carriers. It is quite easy to reach the launch sites located in our coastal areas protected by the Russian Navy and Air Force from any encroachment. Such tactics dramatically increase the invulnerability of SSBNs, significantly increasing the duration of their stay in combat positions by reducing the time required to reach launch areas and return to the bases for repair and maintenance.
A fundamental question arises: why do they need nuclear reactors, high underwater and surface speeds, maximum depth of immersion, if you just need to get out of the base, slowly rush to the starting positions and quietly settle on them, awaiting the Start command. To use for this purpose boats of the Borey project is, to put it mildly, wasteful, but there is no alternative yet.
A fundamentally different construction is required, which can hardly be called a boat. It is rather a strategic underwater missile complex (SSBN), which differs from land analogues in its ability to change positions under the cover of the sea. He does not need high speed, high-strength hull (enough depths from which the underwater launch is carried out), a powerful power plant. Its capabilities should be sufficient to ensure the functioning of the complex and the crew, movement in combat positions, which are defined several, in order to change them during duty, increasing secrecy. It is necessary today to finance the design of such a platform in order to determine its tactical and technical characteristics, timing and cost of construction. Taking into account its equipment (an air-independent power plant, the absence of long-distance sonar systems and much more, it is necessary to break through the enemy PLO systems and perform combat missions in the World Ocean and is completely unnecessary for SSBNs that are in protected positions at their native shores) cost and speed of design and construction of such platforms will be many times, if not an order of magnitude smaller than the existing and laid down PLBR. The transition to a new concept will dramatically increase the invulnerability of our naval component of the SNF from the rapid global strike. As the SSBN comes into service, released funds can be spent on retrofitting SSBNs that are currently in service for other tasks that more correspond to their high tactical and technical characteristics, for example, equipping them with Dunfeng-21D anti-ship ballistic missiles. It will be necessary to reconsider the composition of the forces necessary for reliable protection of the SSBN on-duty areas. Together with the “Status-6” new configuration of the naval component of the strategic nuclear forces will forever bury the idea of an instant global strike.
The past year has shown that Russia has a fairly modern and powerful fleet capable of performing real tasks. As training, when strategic missile carriers successfully hit targets in other parts of the world, including the Bulava salvo launches, and combat.
Large landing ships, without attracting attention for the time being, ensured the deployment of an entire military base in Syria. Small rocket ships from the Caspian hit the vital objects of terrorists banned in Russia by the IG. Equally high-precision shooting hundreds of kilometers from a submerged position, almost in passing, was noted by the Rostov-on-Don diesel-electric submarine, which followed from the North to its position on the Black Sea Fleet.
"The rapid development of" mosquito " fleet became one of the signs of modern Russia ”
These episodes, which received international resonance and made the whole world make sure that before Russia, it is better not to play muscles neither on land, nor in the air, nor at sea, indicate the main tendencies of the fifth revival of the Russian fleet for its nearly 320-year-old history.
Last year, the fleet received nearly fifty new ships and auxiliary vessels, approaching the task that President Vladimir Putin set at the May meeting in Sochi with the leadership of the Ministry of Defense and representatives of the defense industry complex: “By the end of the year, it is necessary to reach the established parameters for modern weapons and military technology. In the Ground Forces and the Air Force, their share should be respectively 32 and 33 percent. In the Airborne Forces - 40 percent, in the Navy and Troops of the East Kazakhstan region - more than half ”.
The nuclear submarine fleet is most successfully updated. Of the eight strategic missile carriers of the Borey and Borey-A projects (developed by TsBB MT Rubin), which are planned to be built, Yury Dolgoruky, Alexander Nevsky and Vladimir Monomakh have already begun to watch the military watch.
In different degrees of readiness on Sevmash - "Prince Oleg", "Prince Vladimir", "Generalissimo Suvorov" and "Emperor Alexander III". On the agenda - the tab of another "Borea". On board such an 16 – 20 submarine cruiser, the Bulava ICBM (each can carry nuclear warheads of 6 – 10).The 170-meter 24 tonnes of thousands of tons of Borei, capable of diving to 450 meters and developing the speed of 29 nodes, until the middle of this century will be the basis of Russia's naval nuclear forces. For the time being, the mission is carried out flawlessly by the “Dolphins” of the 667 BRDM project (according to the NATO Delta-IV classification), which are undergoing a phased modernization, in particular, are armed with more powerful Sinev missiles.
The construction of a new family of Yasen universal missile submarines has also stabilized with a displacement of over 13 thousand tons, sinking to 600-meter depth and accelerating to 30 nodes. “Conceptually, this project, the lead ship of which was the nuclear submarine“ Severodvinsk ”, was slightly ahead of the development of multi-purpose nuclear-powered ships in the USA,” said Vladimir Dorofeyev, general director of the designer, the marine engineering bureau Malakhit. - The “Ash” feature is that it is equipped with a complex weaponsIn addition to the torpedo tubes, for the first time in the practice of domestic shipbuilding, they are placed at an angle to the diametral plane — it also includes vertical launchers of cruise missiles. Moreover, from the same installations and torpedo tubes, without re-equipping the ship, various weapons can be used. That is, today they came out with one ammunition, in order to solve problems, for example, in the fight against surface ships and submarines, tomorrow they rebooted and were ready to hit coastal targets with salvo fire. Mechanics and airborne electronic weapons without any problems working with different types of weapons. In the course of state tests of the cruiser Severodvinsk, cruise missiles were successfully launched, intended to destroy both surface ships and long-range coastal targets. With the help of this ship, the Navy, our state will be able to carry out a new function - non-strategic nuclear deterrence through the use of high-precision long-range cruise missiles. "
The main universal submarine cruiser “Severodvinsk” took up combat duty, and Sevmash built four such nuclear-powered ships: “Kazan”, “Novosibirsk”, “Krasnoyarsk” and “Arkhangelsk” and is preparing for laying another one.
Fourth generation nuclear submarines "Ash" will support past atomicines, which, gradually rearming, are in service: Rubin's 949 and 949А projects, Malachite 671РТМК and 971, Lazurite 945 and 945А.At the same time, the most secret nuclear strategic submarine “Khabarovsk”, the developer - TsBB MT “Rubin”, is being built on Sevmash. This atomicin is probably the fifth generation, where robotized complexes are actively used (for more details, “Necessary and sufficient”).
Meanwhile, the fourth generation of non-nuclear submarines has not yet emerged from the trial stage, although the head Rubin's submarine St. Petersburg laid 26 December 1997 of the year, and launched 28 October 2004. The project “Lada” itself, when it was represented, being the general director of CDB MT “Rubin”, academician Igor Spassky, looked very attractive: “For the first time, the two-body design of the boat was abandoned - the displacement decreased by 700 tons, and the weight and size characteristics improved from here, decreased noise, electromagnetic fields, the boat will be able to stay under water twice as long. The main indicator - stealth - doubled compared with "Kilo". "Lada" will compete in the world with dignity. "
However, more than a hundred know-how in the conditions of the scientific and technological turbulence of Russia at the beginning of the twenty-first century sometimes takes root painfully.
In this regard, the creators of marine technology, according to the chief engineer of the TsDB MT Rubin, Valentin Frolov, have their own specifics: “Unlike tank and aircraft construction, we have no prototypes on which everything is worked out and brought to life, and then launched into a series . Our lead ship is a real sea testing ground. ”
In the end, advanced technology, accumulated experience, the skill of scientists and production workers, interaction with the sailors won. The Lada project took place, which was confirmed by Admiral Viktor Chirkov, Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy: “The submarines of the 677 project (Lada) are promising in their characteristics, much better than their predecessors. What we are doing today is the internal saturation of submarines with modern mechanisms and knots. We place high demands on all of them on noise, on the possibilities of detecting a potential enemy submarines in the underwater environment, and also on their defeat at more significant distances. I myself and expert groups travel to all defense companies that are engaged in the preparation of submarine subassemblies and mechanisms, and on the spot we see what suits us, what is not, and demand high-quality industry. ”
Vladimir Dorofeev:
"Today came out with one
ammunition to solve
tasks to combat
surface ships
reboot tomorrow and
ready volley fire
hit coastal targets. "
Photo: ic.news.mail.ru
"Today came out with one
ammunition to solve
tasks to combat
surface ships
reboot tomorrow and
ready volley fire
hit coastal targets. "
Photo: ic.news.mail.ru
Igor Spassky:
"Abandoned
two-piece design
boats - reduced noise,
electromagnetic fields
the boat can be twice as long
be under water.
The main indicator -
stealth - increased
twice. "
Photo: ITAR-TASS
"Abandoned
two-piece design
boats - reduced noise,
electromagnetic fields
the boat can be twice as long
be under water.
The main indicator -
stealth - increased
twice. "
Photo: ITAR-TASS
Alexander Buzakov:
"Detection range
enemy increased.
The idea is simple: who is first
spotted an opponent
won the duel.
Photo: whoiswho.dp.ru
"Detection range
enemy increased.
The idea is simple: who is first
spotted an opponent
won the duel.
Photo: whoiswho.dp.ru
In the near future, the sailors are waiting for an air-independent power plant for these ships, which will ensure their long-term secretive presence under water, and then work will go faster. In any case, the construction of the already-serial “Lad” - “Kronstadt” and “Velikie Luki”, located in the slipway of the Admiralty shipyards, has been revived. Expected contract for the next submarine.
As planned, the Lada will be the most widespread family among non-nuclear submarines, its ships will serve in all fleets.
At the same time, it is worthwhile to pay tribute to the responsibility of sailors who did not wish to drive an unworked project into a series, although they suggested this to the hotheads. And the diesel submarine fleet of Russia by the end of the 90-x shrank. At the Black Sea Fleet, for example, only one Alrosa diesel-electric submarines has remained de facto. Therefore, the country's leadership long before the annexation of the Crimea decided to create in the Black Sea a whole mix of six new submarines, named after the cities of military glory. Novorossiysk, Rostov-on-Don, Stary Oskol and Krasnodar have already been transferred to the sailors. Extreme submarines of this series - "Veliky Novgorod" and "Kolpino" are built on schedule. All of them are an improved version of the 636.3 "Varshavyanka" project (according to the NATO classification - Improved Kilo). The diesel displacement unit with a displacement of 3950 tons is capable of sinking to the 300-meter depth and moving at a speed of 20 knots. The crew of 52 sailors can make a one and a half month autonomous trips. According to the general director of the Admiralty shipyards, Alexander Buzakov, the project has undergone a profound modernization: “First of all, it differs from the previous models by the armament complex. The combat information and control system was completely changed, non-penetrating sliding devices appeared, which made it possible to free up additional useful volumes. Installed a new battery with a longer cycle of operation. Improved design of the main electric motors. But the main thing - the boat has become even quieter. That is, in fact, its noise is below the background of the sea in which it is located: the sound of the sea is heard, but it is not. And the detection range of the enemy is increased. The idea is simple: whoever spotted the opponent, won the duel. Armed with a ship torpedoes caliber 533 millimeter (six vehicles), mines and attack missile complex "Caliber". Now he is working on land, surface and underwater targets. " As demonstrated by the diesel-electric submarines "Rostov-on-Don", which fired rockets from a submerged position on targets in the vicinity of the Syrian city of Rakka, the capital of the Islamic State. It is possible that the construction of "Varshavyanok" will be continued after the "manning" of the Black Sea Fleet.
Applause to our new Russian weapons was deserved by our 21631 “Buyan-M” RTOs, when on October 7 of last year four ships synchronously executed 26 launches of “Caliber” cruise missiles directly from the Caspian Sea. According to Deputy Navy Commander-in-Chief, Vice Admiral Viktor Bursuk, before the 2019, the fleet will receive about 10 of such IRCs, and a continuation of the Buyan-M project will be lightweight corvettes developed by the Almaz Central Design Bureau and armed with the same Calibers.
And let each of the small hunters carry less charges than a bomber or a large ship, in certain conditions they can become irreplaceable. The legendary director of the shipbuilding firm Almaz, Anatoly Korolev, who preserved the production of small but nimble all-weather combat units into destructive 90, said, not without pride: “Any cruiser or destroyer is always in sight, under the gun, he is“ led ”, and my ships dispersed in the water area - you will not see them, you will not hijack them, but everyone is ready to fire ammunition. ”
The rapid development of the "mosquito" fleet has become one of the signs of modern Russia. Maritime frontiers had to be defended, even when a significant part of the ships had rotted on the piers or were allowed “on needles”. And IRAs, corvettes and boats are relatively cheap, the cycle of their creation is shorter, which means that they can be built more, and the technologies of the 21st century make it possible to “pack” powerful weapons in modest dimensions. It is not by chance that these types are built in Petersburg, Zelenodolsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, and Vladivostok ...
The renewal of ships in the far sea zone is progressing more slowly than desired. Mainly because of the betrayal of the current Ukrainian leadership: our country, it seems, fully believed that the neighbors would not cut the bough of military-technical cooperation, which gives real money to their choking economy, both in space technology and in engines for ships airplanes and helicopters. But the launch of the production of domestic power plants, including the ship, on the way. Corps in St. Petersburg and Kaliningrad are already being prepared for them.
In the meantime, the lead frigate of the 22350 project “Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Gorshkov” (developed by the Northern PKB) is the first large surface warship built at Russian shipyards after the collapse of the USSR and is being tested in the North to join the fleet this year. In varying degrees of readiness at the Northern shipyard, the frigates "Admiral of the Fleet of Kasatonov", "Admiral Golovko" and "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Isakov". At this stage, the fleet plans to order the construction of eight such 135-meter ships with a displacement of 4500 tons, armed with 130-millimeter artillery, Onyx or Caliber-NKE missiles and the Polyment-Redut air defense missile system. In the future, the frigate may become the most massive ship in the far sea zone.
At the same time, the brainchild of the Kaliningrad Yantar plant, the patrol ship Admiral Grigorovich, is on state tests. The project 124-meter frigate with a displacement of 3600 tons with rocket and artillery weapons, developed by the Northern PKB for India, after the modernization organically fit into the Russian shipbuilding program under the code 11356. Storozheviki "Admiral Essen" and "Admiral Makarov" are preparing to surrender, built ships, named in honor of admirals GI Butakova and V.I. Istomin.
The long-awaited update of landing ships begins. At the Baltic shipyard "Yantar" began testing the lead ship of the project 11711 "Ivan Gren." True, it is possible that in addition to the 120-meter displacement of five thousand tons of “Gren” and its analogue BDK “Peter Morgunov” a series of larger “marine paratroopers” will be built.
The specialized high-tech fleet is also being revived.
On New Year's Eve, the naval vessel included the Igor Belousov 21300 rescue ship, created in the Almaz TsKMB and Admiralty shipyards to help emergency submarines at half-kilometer depths. The firstborn will serve on the Pacific Fleet, but the prospects for building rescuers for each of the fleets are being considered.
Northern Shipyard and Iceberg Design Bureau pleased the new “sea intelligence officer”, the Yury Ivanov communications vessel, to provide communications and control for the fleet, electronic warfare, radio and radio intelligence, as well as tracking components of the US missile defense system. In readiness serial ship project 18280 "Ivan Hurst."
The Srednenevsky Shipbuilding Plant executed the head minesweeper of the 12700 project “Alexander Obukhov” from non-magnetic materials, the first serial anti-mine defense ship “George Kurbatov” has already been built.
Nowadays, for the first time in the post-war years, we paid attention to the renewal of the auxiliary fleet.
Sea transport weapons "Akademik Kovalev" project 20180TV built in the center of ship repair "Zvezdochka" in Severodvinsk.
On the Pacific Fleet raised flags on two raid tugs for maintenance "Boreev."
The northern shipyard is testing the lead supply vessel for the 23120 Elbrus project and is preparing the Vsevolod Bobrov serial “supply”.
The diesel-electric icebreaker “Ilya Muromets” of the 21180 project, laid down at the Admiralty shipyards, will effectively support the actions of the ship groups in the Arctic zone.
The ceremony of laying the newest sea tanker project 03182 "Mikhail Barskov", adapted for work in the Arctic ice, was held at the factory "East Shipyard" in Vladivostok.
Nevsky Shipbuilding Shipyard is building the universal tanker Akademik Pashin.
The re-birth in the coming years will receive the Far Eastern shipyard "Star". Prior to 2050, construction of modular multi-purpose platforms for submarines and surface ships, as well as 116 ships and other shelf technology is envisaged.
The construction of a new shipbuilding complex begins at the Northern shipyard, which will cost a billion rubles in 31. In addition to the state-of-the-art housing processing shop, metal warehouse and logistics terminal, the country's largest drydock with a length of 400 and a width of 70 meters will settle here. It is assumed that the complex will annually be able to produce up to eight ships, including unique ones - 300-meter length.
Most likely, the construction of an ocean-class squadron destroyer will begin at the Northern shipyard in the coming years. Details of the project "Leader" has not yet been disclosed. It is known that the ship will be equipped with a nuclear power plant.
In Severodvinsk, in a planned manner, large surface ships are being upgraded: the 1164 Atlant cruisers (Moscow, Varyag and Marshal Ustinov) - on the Zvezdochka and TARK project 1144 Orlan (Admiral Nakhimov, Petr Great ”) - on Sevmash.
But the most welcome event in the fifth revival of the Russian fleet will be the construction of a new aircraft carrier with a nuclear power plant. Its displacement is about 80 thousand tons. On board, the ocean’s flagship will be able to handle up to 90 aircraft, including the fifth generation.
On the upgrade of marine technology in the State Armaments Program to 2020, it is provided five trillion rubles. Such expenses are understandable and explainable. Russia is surrounded on all sides by the sea. However, unlike other countries, our Armed Forces have to defend at the same time five large maritime theaters (taking into account the Caspian Sea), and the state, respectively, contain five independent fleets, the consolidation of which at one time is almost impossible. The modern fleet must ensure the security of the Russian economic zone and represent the interests of our state, displaying the St. Andrew’s flag in all regions of the World Ocean.
Speaking about the development of the Navy, Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu noted: “As a result of the implementation of the state armament program before 2020, the fleet must receive eight missile submarine cruisers, 16 multipurpose submarines, 54 surface warships of various classes”. It is extremely difficult to carry out these plans, taking into account the unprecedented pressure from “probable friends” led by the United States, but it cannot be otherwise. In the end, it’s not a checkpoint. The main thing is that the Russian fleet is confidently looking to the future.
Alexey Zakhartsev
Underwater slug
Boreas may have an economical alternative.
The tactics of submarine missile carriers has always been tightly tied to the range of the weapons that they carried on board.
A bit of history. The first diesel rocket boats with D-1 complexes (R-11FM rocket, range - 150 km, surface launch system) were forced to approach the enemy for a “pistol shot”, putting at great risk not only the performance of a combat mission, but also their own existence. As more advanced missile complexes of the launch zone were developed, they were moving away from the American continent deep into the World Ocean, which reduced the likelihood of detecting and destroying their carriers. In the middle of 1963, a revolution occurred - the missiles went under water. The 629 project with the D-4 complex (the P-21 rocket, underwater launch, range - 1400 km) was a working horse of the marine component of the SNF for more than 17 years.
The 658 project with the D-9 complex (the P-29 rocket, underwater launch, range - 7800 km) further pushed back combat patrol areas from the enemy's coast and reduced the vulnerability of our missile carriers. The equipment of the latest series of nuclear submarines (Dolphin, Borey) with intercontinental 8 thousand missiles - 11 thousand kilometers (Bulava, Sineva) made another revolution in the SSBN tactics. Now you can hit the enemy's targets "from the pier". There is no need to go to distant areas of combat patrols, break through the stationary systems of NATO and US submarines, dodge the enemy’s surface, submarine and air forces that are hunting for our missile carriers. It is quite easy to reach the launch sites located in our coastal areas protected by the Russian Navy and Air Force from any encroachment. Such tactics dramatically increase the invulnerability of SSBNs, significantly increasing the duration of their stay in combat positions by reducing the time required to reach launch areas and return to the bases for repair and maintenance.
A fundamental question arises: why do they need nuclear reactors, high underwater and surface speeds, maximum depth of immersion, if you just need to get out of the base, slowly rush to the starting positions and quietly settle on them, awaiting the Start command. To use for this purpose boats of the Borey project is, to put it mildly, wasteful, but there is no alternative yet.
A fundamentally different construction is required, which can hardly be called a boat. It is rather a strategic underwater missile complex (SSBN), which differs from land analogues in its ability to change positions under the cover of the sea. He does not need high speed, high-strength hull (enough depths from which the underwater launch is carried out), a powerful power plant. Its capabilities should be sufficient to ensure the functioning of the complex and the crew, movement in combat positions, which are defined several, in order to change them during duty, increasing secrecy. It is necessary today to finance the design of such a platform in order to determine its tactical and technical characteristics, timing and cost of construction. Taking into account its equipment (an air-independent power plant, the absence of long-distance sonar systems and much more, it is necessary to break through the enemy PLO systems and perform combat missions in the World Ocean and is completely unnecessary for SSBNs that are in protected positions at their native shores) cost and speed of design and construction of such platforms will be many times, if not an order of magnitude smaller than the existing and laid down PLBR. The transition to a new concept will dramatically increase the invulnerability of our naval component of the SNF from the rapid global strike. As the SSBN comes into service, released funds can be spent on retrofitting SSBNs that are currently in service for other tasks that more correspond to their high tactical and technical characteristics, for example, equipping them with Dunfeng-21D anti-ship ballistic missiles. It will be necessary to reconsider the composition of the forces necessary for reliable protection of the SSBN on-duty areas. Together with the “Status-6” new configuration of the naval component of the strategic nuclear forces will forever bury the idea of an instant global strike.
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