How Russia saved Turkey from the partition

41
How Russia saved Turkey from the partitionTurkey, which at the beginning of the 20 of the last century was almost half occupied by the Greeks and Armenians, received unexpected help from its eternal adversary ... Russia.
The Ottoman Empire, more precisely - the state into which the Young Turks had turned into the beginning of the 20th century, was ruined by the results of the First World War. Both politically and economically. The Versailles Peace did not become a final verdict for it only because of contradictions between the victorious powers. In addition, in France and England, the people did not expect to get involved in a new war, even a colonial one - they did not forget the slaughter which the Turks had staged on the Gallipoli peninsula. Italy did not hide claims on possessions in Asia Minor, but also did not have any opportunities to reinforce its ambitions. In reality, only Greek politicians, led by Prime Minister Venizelos, wanted to fight Turkey. In the end, this turned out to be in the hands of just the senior allies in the Entente, who simply decided to divide Turkey with Greek hands.

It took only six months after the end of the great European war, when Greek troops landed in Asia Minor. Behind them, in the Aegean Sea, there was a powerful Anglo-French squadron, the army was fully equipped and equipped weapons allies too. It was not only in Tsarist Russia that they dreamed of returning the Orthodox cross to Holy Sophia, as well as the Greeks, from the moment they gained independence (in 1830), looked at Constantinople. Although at that time the occupation allied troops were in charge of the city, which, by the way, allowed thousands of immigrants from Russia to settle in Istanbul.

The offensive of the Greeks was developing rapidly, because the Turks most of the combat-ready troops were occupied in the East, where the Armenian and Kurdish volunteers replaced the Russian Caucasian army. The Greeks went directly to Angora (now Ankara) - the new capital of the renewed Turkey.

In a small European theater of war, Greek troops, almost meeting no resistance, came to the walls of Adrianople, almost on the border with Bulgaria.
The Turkish leader Mustafa Kemal, better known as Ataturk, immediately, with remarkable revolutionary pathos, turned to the “Great Northern Neighbor” for help, proposing “to forget the old accounts forever.” At first, Moscow responded with limited financial support, but in the autumn of 1920, when Wrangel was defeated in the Crimea and the war with Poland ended, albeit not too successfully, everything changed. Financial support has become massive, although it is not entirely clear where Moscow actually acquired the funds from. But the main thing is that the flow of equipment and weapons released after the Civil War went to Turkey. In the 1921 year alone, more than 30 thousands of rifles, millions of cartridges, thousands of sabers and gas masks, three hundred machine guns, 54 artillery guns, more than 100 thousands of shells and even 2 of sea planes, apparently trophy, arrived in Turkey from Soviet Russia. And all this - in addition to 10 millions of rubles in gold. And one more not too known fact. We do not like to remember that military experts from Red Russia also came to the aid of the new "comrades in arms."

In the spring of 1921, the RSFSR concludes with the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, headed by Mustafa Kemal, an agreement on "friendship and fraternity".
It was essentially a diplomatic breakthrough. Russia, which itself had recently dreamed of the same, the first of the great powers, recognized “another Turkey”. It is interesting that after this the case almost did not reach the declaration of war by Greece to Russia, but ... the diplomats somehow managed to come to an agreement. Meanwhile, the Greeks continued to attack, but the Turks practically dealt with the Armenians, which was accompanied by an almost obligatory massacre. By the way, the 1921 year, unlike the 1915, is very rare for the Turks.

The relative success in the East allowed the Kemalists to proceed with the transfer of troops to Asia Minor. In the fall of 1921, the Greeks attacked Ankara and failed - they failed to win the epic twenty-two-day battle at the Sakaria River. Mustafa Kemal was awarded the title of Gazi - the Soldier of the Holy War, almost "jihad", and the front froze for a long time. The Greeks are frankly exhausted, and Italy and France behind their backs have already practically agreed with the emissaries of the latter-day Gazi Ataturk. In Athens, the government changed, Venizelos went to the opposition, and France, the second after the great powers after Russia, recognized the government of Mustafa Kemal.

The current configuration of the Greek-Turkish front helped the Red advisers to tell the Turks to repeat the maneuver of the French on the Marne on the River Smyrna. Or the Poles on the Vistula. Simply put - to hit the flank, albeit in a peripheral, seemingly, front area. It is characteristic that in the 1930-s in the “Library of the Commander” a study was released which, alas, did not escape the repression of Major-General Vladimir Melikov, so called: “Marne, Wisla, Smyrna”. By the way, in the mouth of Smyrna stands the eponymous city - modern Izmir, and this was practically the only Turkish possession to which, by that time, Greek politicians continued to claim.

However, a way out of the positional impasse occurred only in the fall of 1922 of the year. Before that, the Turks were generally offered peace, moreover on the conditions of the complete withdrawal of the Greeks from Asia Minor, but the Kemalists rested.

As you can see, Turkey felt behind her back the support of the rising Russia of Red. The Turkish offensive began on August 26, the front collapsed almost immediately, already on September 9, the troops of the “victorious” Kemal were in Smyrna. And they staged a fire in the city first, which, of course, blamed the Greeks, and then a terrible massacre. Different sources talk about 60 or even 260 thousands of victims.

The world was dictated to the Turks and Greeks, of course, not from Moscow. In the Swiss city of Lausanne, dictated by the Allies, one and a half million Greeks from Asia Minor exchanged thousands of Turks from the islands and from mainland Greece for 600. But it was already later - very few people noticed how in Istanbul the battalions of the allied occupying forces changed the Greek gendarmes. But in October 1922, the “masters” returned to Istanbul - the soldiers of Kemal, which, by the way, was the impetus for a mass exodus from the city of Russian emigrants. Nobody even thought to claim ownership of Constantinople and Thrace - it turned out to be simply too hard for the allies. But Russia has become completely different, in order to demand the once-coveted Constantinople and the straits ...

For a long time, Turkey was officially called almost the best friend of the USSR. However, then the unexpected “step towards” to the centuries-old geopolitical adversary, which Soviet Russia made at the beginning of the 1920's, was usually ignored by historians. Or, at least, not too advertised. Especially after the majority of its organizers left the political scene from the ranks of the People's Commissariat of Foreign Affairs, or left the world completely.

Meanwhile, the position of disloyal neutrality, taken by Turkey already in World War II, showed that the stake on expanding cooperation with this country turned out to be at least not entirely correct.
Even taking into account the fact that the young republic after the Civil War so needed a "diplomatic breakthrough." Moreover, the funds of the RSFSR were also needed, and the Turks, it is impossible not to admit, were actually paying off for the supply of arms and military equipment.

By the way, the modern somersaults in Russian-Turkish relations clearly indicate that open arms are not quite the position that should be followed in political and business contacts with such partners. Just due to the fact that too "strong friendship" can sometimes be too expensive. No wonder Alexander III said: "Russia has only two ally - the army and the navy." Now there are four of them - aerospace forces and rocket forces have been added.
Our news channels

Subscribe and stay up to date with the latest news and the most important events of the day.

41 comment
Information
Dear reader, to leave comments on the publication, you must sign in.
  1. +7
    24 January 2016 07: 28
    Is there at least one country that we helped and that would remain our ally? I don’t remember something.
    1. +2
      24 January 2016 09: 30
      Mongolia, Tuva, China
      1. +6
        24 January 2016 09: 38
        Quote: Bersaglieri
        Mongolia, Tuva, China

        China, drawing Russia on maps within the borders to the Urals, claiming the Far East - an "ally"? belay
        1. +7
          24 January 2016 09: 53
          Quote: 0255
          China, drawing Russia on maps within the borders to the Urals, claiming the Far East - an "ally"?

          Nationalists in Belarus, draw a map of Belarus, almost to Moscow itself. Are you our allies?
          1. +5
            24 January 2016 10: 49
            Quote: Alexander Romanov
            Are you our allies?

            We Russians are official allies with treaties and other facts, however, you have a strange question, but the fact that Smolensk was part of the Moscow Principality or part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania is a historical fact.
            1. +6
              24 January 2016 13: 39
              Gomelsk, Mogilev and Mitebsk regions - have never been to Belarus, which in turn has never been. In 22, at the request of comrades from the newly created Byelorussian SSR, these areas, where the vast majority of the population were Great Russians, were transferred to Belarus, here forcible Belarusization began, with the change of surnames, language and other attributes of the nation.
              Allied Belarusians? A friend is in trouble, even Abkhazia has imposed sanctions against Turkey, and Old Man? At the first opportunity will surrender Russia with giblets.
              In the Russian world it should be like this: either you are with Russia or against it, there is no third.
              1. +2
                24 January 2016 19: 29
                Quote: semirek
                Gomelsk, Mogilev and Mitebsk regions - have never been to Belarus

                Mitebskaya has never been a part of Belarus, here you are right, and the rest is "bradbury".
                Gomel became part of the Russian Empire during the first partition of the Commonwealth in 1772.
                Rumyantsev, not wanting the presence of county officials in his city, achieved the transformation of Gomel into a privately owned town, provided he built a new city where the county center would be located. In 1796 established Belorussian province.
            2. +1
              24 January 2016 23: 20
              But the Principality of Polotsk was part of Russia. Do not know?
      2. +1
        24 January 2016 09: 55
        You can still remember Cuba.
      3. 0
        24 January 2016 12: 42
        Oh, shkolota minuses. Not enough time to remember the history of the 30-50s. Classics: "do not know - and forget"
    2. -4
      24 January 2016 10: 31
      at least one nation has lost everything because it swore eternal friendship to the Russians, these are Armenians ...
      1. avt
        +10
        24 January 2016 11: 04
        Quote: Xent
        at least one nation has lost everything because it swore eternal friendship to the Russians, these are Armenians ..

        Armenians in general exist thanks to the Russians, as well as Georgians in the form of independent nations within the framework of national states; in the days when the Russian soldier did not enter the Caucasus, Catherine gave permission to the refugees to settle near Rostov-on-Don. So Armenia was and as a sovereign state was and will be . But what will happen to Bulgaria in NATO and under the control of the USA with the dynamics that we really see is that it is not even necessary to model. Once again, recall the Communist Dmitrov, and the last Zhivkov with his national policy of slandering the Turks. Although if the ethnic Bulgarian Turks themselves, then yes - now is your time. Bank. It is a pity that for some reason they don’t say how many tank trucks with Bulgarian numbers were lit up in the transportation of oil from ISIS to ports in Turkey and beyond.
    3. +2
      24 January 2016 10: 33
      Quote: martin-159
      Is there at least one country that we helped and that would remain our ally? I don’t remember something.


      This is not the point: the allies appear and disappear - as common goals are achieved and contradictions occur, this is normal. But there are countries with which NEVER you can have allied relations in principle, due to insoluble contradictions. And Turkey, from among them, is an eternal enemy always and in everything.
      But it was not Russia that helped them, but the Bolshevik anti-Russia, so nothing surprising happened - something that was harmful for Russia — the Bolsheviks always did (half the country gave it to the other German aggressor).
  2. +6
    24 January 2016 09: 00
    I will say in one word: in vain.
  3. +4
    24 January 2016 09: 05
    Was it really necessary to fraternize with these devils in order to "prick" the Entente?
    1. +7
      24 January 2016 09: 56
      There is a terrible famine in the Volga region in the country, a country in ruin caused by the civil war, but the Bolshevik government finds tens of millions of gold rubles to help Turkey - where is the logic here? Question two, where does the money come from? - everything is simple: despite the war, the gold reserves of the Russian empire were very huge, due to them the Bolsheviks managed to hold out, everyone received the imperial gold, Germans, Turks, Austrians, Poles, no one knows how much gold has flowed and settled in the West to the noise.
  4. +1
    24 January 2016 09: 11
    It was not for nothing that Alexander III said: “Russia has only two allies - the army and navy.” Now there are four of them - aerospace forces and missile troops have been added.

    Yes, yes, only for some reason ordinary people still can’t become an ally. Or maybe we should start with the people, and the rest will follow?
    1. +1
      24 January 2016 21: 09
      Why people? The ruling Russian elite is unnecessary. On the contrary, all politics is aimed at driving these people to where they were sitting until the 17th. The author missed a little allies. He forgot oil and gas.
  5. +9
    24 January 2016 09: 14
    A very timely article, against the background of the current exacerbation with Turkey. But I would call it differently: another betrayal of the Bolsheviks. Leninists, "threw" the Greeks, Armenians, and indeed the Russian people. Major geopolitical, strategic mistakes, namely: Peace of Brest, Riga the treaty, the treaty with Turkey, including the Treaty of Kars, indicate that the power in the Kremlin of that period was seized by a criminal group called a gang by the common people - the purpose of which was to humiliate great Russia, destroy the Russian people, and also sell national treasures.
    1. +1
      24 January 2016 10: 48
      Quote: semirek
      Leninists, "threw" the Greeks, Armenians, and indeed the Russian people. Major geopolitical, strategic mistakes, namely: Peace of Brest, Riga Treaty, Treaty with Turkey


      Yes, but in fairness it should be noted that the Entente did not fulfill its decisions and promises to the Armenians to secure access to the sea, and when the Greeks were defeated in Asia Minor, nothing was done to help them. It was indicative of their complete indifference and calm observation from the raid of the wild massacre in Smyrna of tens of thousands of Greeks, Armenians and Jews.
    2. 0
      24 January 2016 10: 48
      Quote: semirek
      Leninists, "threw" the Greeks, Armenians, and indeed the Russian people. Major geopolitical, strategic mistakes, namely: Peace of Brest, Riga Treaty, Treaty with Turkey


      Yes, but in fairness it should be noted that the Entente did not fulfill its decisions and promises to the Armenians to secure access to the sea, and when the Greeks were defeated in Asia Minor, nothing was done to help them. It was indicative of their complete indifference and calm observation from the raid of the wild massacre in Smyrna of tens of thousands of Greeks, Armenians and Jews.
  6. +2
    24 January 2016 10: 55
    I read the material and waited for the author to start about the Kars Treaty, when Lenin gave the Turks lands that were always beaten by an integral part of Armenia.
    About the fact that the Armenians "occupied" part of Turkey, I advise the author to read about the Treaty of Sevres and also about the decision of Woodrow Wilson, and only after that compose a fable about "how the Armenians occupied" Armenia.
    The author showed that he absolutely did not study the materials of this time, he would not say that ...
    By the way, about 1921, unlike 1915, they rarely remind the Turks.
    In any material, he would read that the Armenian genocide lasted from 1894 to 1922, as the central point was taken by all Armenians on April 24, 1915, since the elite of the Armenian nation was beaten on that day and destroyed ...
    I put a minus, because the information is below the average level ...

    Well, about the borders of Turkey, you can look at this map and think about how it turned out that after the support of Lenin, the borders of Armenia became three times less ...
    1. +2
      11 August 2016 22: 08
      Do not lie. Independent Armenia at the decline of its existence in 1920 managed to conclude the Alexandropol Peace Treaty with Turkey. In which she admitted her complete defeat.
      According to the agreement, the Kars region and Surmalinsky district (over 20,7 thousand sq. Km) departed for Turkey, while the districts of Nakhichevan, Sharur and Shakhtakhty were declared temporarily under the protectorate of Turkey, where subsequently “a special administration will be established through a plebiscite”. Armenia lost the right to intervene in the affairs of this administration, no matter what form it takes.

      The possibility of a plebiscite was theoretically recognized in the regions that departed to Turkey, but at the same time, Armenia recognized their “undeniable historical, ethnic and legal ties with Turkey.”

      Armenia was deprived of the right to introduce compulsory military service, and the maximum size of its army was set at 1500. with 8 guns and 20 machine guns.

      Armenia recognized the Sevres Peace Treaty annulled and pledged to withdraw its delegations from Europe and the United States and “remove from government all persons who provoked and pursued imperialist tasks”, and in addition recognized all treaties that were concluded to the detriment of Turkey or affected its interests .

      Turkey gained the right to control the railways and other ways of communication of Armenia, "to take military measures" on the territory of Armenia.

      The occupation by the Turkish troops of the territories that were recognized as part of Armenia under the agreement (Alexandropol Uyezd) could be terminated if Armenia fulfilled all the conditions of the agreement (which in fact meant the possibility for Turkey to extend the occupation indefinitely).

      The agreement also stipulated the rights of the Muslim population of Armenia and the procedure for the return of refugees: “The contracting parties agree to return to their places within the former border all refugees except those who were evicted during the World War and in the ranks of the enemy fought against their government, and those who took part in pogroms. ”

      According to Art. 7, both parties "refused all claims for damages incurred during the First World War."

      It was this Alexandropol Treaty that was canceled by Soviet power. You do not like the decisions of the Soviet government on Armenia - but for God's sake, cancel them and return to the last Treaty of independent Armenia with Turkey - to the 1920 Treaty of Alexandropol. And rejoice.
  7. +1
    24 January 2016 11: 34
    Quote: avt

    Armenians in general exist thanks to the Russians, as well as Georgians in the form of independent nations within the framework of national states; in the days when the Russian soldier did not enter the Caucasus, Catherine gave permission to the refugees to settle near Rostov-on-Don. So Armenia was and as a sovereign state was and will be .

    the end is so ... just someone raised the question that no one remains an ally of Russia ... and I answered that ... that they are Armenians !!!
    1. avt
      0
      24 January 2016 13: 29
      Quote: Xent
      that no one remains an ally of Russia ..

      “In the whole world we have only two loyal allies, our army and navy. All the rest, at the first opportunity, themselves will take up arms against us "- Alexander III. “They are afraid of our enormity.” By the way, after going through the Balkan campaign, he also made the correct conclusion - “All the Balkans are not worth the life of one Russian soldier.” It is quite a logical conclusion of the results of all companies in the region in terms of any acquisitions for Russian politics, for territorial I am completely silent.
    2. +1
      11 August 2016 22: 01
      Armenians have never been an ally of Russia.
      Many unfoundedly claim that Armenia is Russia's historic ally. But no one is ever able to cite a single example of the assistance of Armenia - Russia. All give only examples when the Armenians “help our troops” to free them (Armenians) from the Turks or Persians. But let's take the year 1380. Did Russia enter Kulikovo Field? Where are the Armenians? And the Armenians (* Armenians) as part of the troops of Khan Mamaia. “In the same autumn, the princes of Mamaia came to the Horde, having their like-minded souls, and eating with all the other Horde princes, and eating with all the power of Totarskaya and Polovetskaya, and, moreover, ratified Bessermen, and Armenians, and Fryaz, Cherkasy, and Yasa, and Bourta . Novgorod IV Chronicle. PSRL. T. 4, part 1. P. 311
      1612 year. Russia is fighting the Poles. The Tatars came near Moscow to beat the Poles, even some Siberian princes - and then they came. Where are the Armenians? No Armenians !!!
      1709 years. Swedish king Charles XII near Poltava. Russia is again in mortal danger. Did at least one Armenian detachment come to help us near Poltava? No, I didn’t come. Not a single person. 1714 - The Prut campaign of Peter the Great, our army, led by the king and his entire court, was surrounded by a huge Turkish army !! Where is the help of the Armenians? What, did the Armenians raise at least one uprising in the rear of the Turks? No, they didn’t. There is no Armenian help.
      1722-1723 Persian campaign of Peter the Great. On August 23, 1722, our troops, led by the tsar, entered Derbent. And then misfortune happened. A violent storm has sunk all our food ships. Did the Armenians or Georgians send our army at least one ram, at least one loaf of bread? No, they didn't. They didn't send anything. Vakhtang VI entered Karabakh with an army in September 1722 ... and stayed there. Like he is very busy - he was engaged in suppressing the Lezgin uprising. The Georgians also distinguished themselves. Like they went to help us and even occupied Gyaja. Where they were joined by the Armenian troops led by Catholicos Isaiah. So what ? And nothing. The Georgian-Armenian army stupidly stood in Ganja for two months. Meanwhile, our troops were starving in Derbent. As a result, our tsar spat on all his so-called "allies" and took the troops to Astrakhan. And the traitors Vakhtang and Isaiah calmly returned with their troops to their possessions.
    3. +1
      11 August 2016 22: 01
      1812 year. Napoleon's invasion? Where are the Armenians? No Armenians. Yes, the composition of the Russian troops were Armenians by nationality (as well as in the army of Napoleon). But these were the subjects of our Russian Emperor, who entered the Russian service and received ranks, titles, titles, estates, and monetary support from the Russian Empire. It would be strange to see if the Armenians enlisted in the Russian service, who received ranks, titles, titles, estates, and money in the minute of military danger from the Russian Empire, would still refuse to go to war !!! Yes, for this they just had to be shot !!!
      1854-1855 years. Crimean War. England, France, Turkey and Sardinia adjoining them besiege Sevastopol. Where is the help of the Armenians? What, did the Armenians raise at least one uprising in the rear of the Turks? No, they didn’t. There is no Armenian help to us !!!
      1914 year. The First World War begins. Does Russia strain all forces on the German front? The cavalry of Khan of Nakhichevan is fighting and dying in East Prussia. Thank God there is no war with Turkey !!! What are Armenians doing? And the Armenians are pushing Russia into the war with Turkey with all their might. The Armenian armed gangs under the leadership of the bandit Andranik pass from our side to the Turkish side and kill Turkish soldiers there, hundreds of policemen just Turkish peasants !!! Yes, perhaps on the other side the Turks also do not behave very correctly towards their local Armenians - but we must understand that Turkey is a sovereign country and this was their internal affair. Turkey was not at war with us - that means these gangs that attacked the Turks from our territory were simply provocateurs. Remember Hungary in 1956. Although the whole world was unhappy, no one crossed the border of Hungary to help the rebellious Hungarians. As a result, the Germans on the one hand and the Armenians on the other hand, at the end of October 1914, nevertheless achieved the outbreak of war between Russia and Turkey. As a result, we got a second front that we absolutely did not need. Russia could not stand the war on two fronts, the war dragged on, the revolution began, our Great Empire collapsed. But on the map of the world for some time the state “Armenia” appeared. The German field marshal Ludendorff said in the 20s that if we (the Germans) had not been able to drag Turkey into the war, then Germany would have surrendered already in 1915. But it must be understood that the Germans dragged Turkey into the war with Russia on the one hand, and on the other hand, the Armenians dragged Russia into the war against Turkey and Turkey into the war against Russia.
  8. 0
    24 January 2016 14: 41
    Lenin did not even sympathize with the Armenians after the massacre
    1. +2
      24 January 2016 15: 15
      rachik "Lenin did not even sympathize with the Armenians after the massacre."
      Did he sympathize with Teresa’s mother?))) He didn’t sympathize with the Russians.))) He was a tough politician.
  9. +2
    24 January 2016 15: 13
    I repeat.))) I think Lenin did everything right, although not without errors. Lenin was a real politician. But who the hell was the indefinite status of borders in Transcaucasia? Well, he ceded them the Armenian lands. What was necessary for them to fight with the Turks? With all due respect to the Armenian people. Look at the year. 1921, we have not yet emerged from the civil war. What are you talking about?))) Poles near Minsk border in 1920 we were defeated by them. Wrangel just knocked out. On the outskirts, war is still going on. And you gave ....))) in the country of devastation and hunger, meanwhile. 1921 is the year of peasant uprisings and rebellions. Not to the Armenian lands would be their own.)))
    1. +1
      25 January 2016 18: 45
      Actually, devastation happens in the minds of some, and as far as the Armenian lands are concerned, it was originally said, but Adjara was still returned to the Georgians.
  10. +5
    24 January 2016 15: 26
    To arm Muslims against the Orthodox. After this, they claim to be the defenders of Orthodoxy ...
    1. +2
      24 January 2016 16: 21
      And the Bulgarians who fought twice on the side of opponents of Orthodox Russia twice in world wars claim to be defenders of Orthodoxy? And now Russophobic Bulgaria, a loyal NATO satellite, will not use any nasty thing to do Russia, then they will not let the humanitarian aid board into Syria, or the pipe will be deployed.
    2. avt
      +2
      24 January 2016 17: 30
      Quote: Jmbg
      To arm Muslims against the Orthodox. After this, they claim to be the defenders of Orthodoxy ...

      fool Armed Bolsheviks whose religion was-ATHEISM! On the orders of Lenin, who put on Orthodoxy and even demanded during the famine in the Volga region, with frantic determination "to remove valuables from churches and shoot the clergy, as the main ideological competitors.
      1. +4
        25 January 2016 12: 53
        Armed Bolsheviks whose religion was-ATEISM!


        Yes, not only the Bolsheviks helped the Turks. Tsarist Russia helped the Ottomans during the Egyptian revolt, and later, when the Bulgarian army stood at Istanbul. By the way, Russian colleagues wrote about this in one of the previous topics about Turkey. And of course, that tsarist Russia, that Soviet Russia, acted primarily in its own interests, competing with other powers in spreading its influence.
    3. +3
      24 January 2016 18: 23
      Jmbg "Arming the Musulmans against the Orthodox. After that they claim to be the defenders of Orthodoxy ..."
      The communists in the 20s pursued their goals. This Orthodoxy had to be protected from them, as well as other religions. As for the protection of Orthodoxy, the Bulgarians still didn’t feel like keeping silent.))) Can we recall how your country did not miss our planes in Kosovo?))) When did our paratroopers capture the Slatina airfield?)))
      1. +2
        25 January 2016 18: 34
        There is something to remember ... There are bad things on your side, and there are many. It all depends on what we really want! If our goal is to create enemies around, then of course we will remember what is bad! And if we want to be friends in the future, we must remember what is good! It is much, much larger than what was bad. What will be better? For our common enemies, of course, buzz, if we are at enmity and only remember that which is bad! And to us, is it for the benefit ??? I think that it is necessary to evaluate objectively both that which is bad and that which is good! Give yourself an account of what mistakes you and I have and not allow this to happen any further!
  11. +1
    24 January 2016 15: 35
    I will add our Turks delivered 327 machine guns and the French, leading the game against England, delivered 1500 machine guns to the Turks. If we got involved in a war with the Turks, the Entente would flood the Turks with weapons just to set them on us.
    And here the Bolsheviks resolved the issue in peace. Well, yes ... at the expense of Armenia. And at the expense of whom did you want? Well, at least the Alexandropol district was returned and recognized Soviet Armenia.))) Karabakh and Nakhichevan were then given back to Soviet Azerbaijan. And the Turks returned Batum and the Bolsheviks organized the Adjarian Republic there. Those borders that exist now RETAINED FROM THESE TIMES !!!. I don’t understand what to whine ... soon these borders will be HUNDRED YEARS !!!)))
    Otherwise, I would have to fight with the Turks. And not the fact that successful. Our country was weak at that time, and no one needed another war. Another thing is who brought it to this, etc. If we consider it from the point of DECISION AT THIS MOMENT, THEN THE BOLSHEVIKI HAVE TRUE.
    The author did not cover the result of the Turkish military operation, but meanwhile: “Only a third of the Greek servicemen managed to escape death or captivity. The Turks surrendered about 40 thousand people, they captured 284 guns, more than two thousand machine guns, 15 aircraft and other military property. lost 35 thousand people killed, the Turks 12 thousand killed and wounded. " Drogovoz. Turkish march. page 342.
    You can still read Korsun N.G. Greek-Turkish war of 1919-1922 M., 1939. This war was studied at our military academies. The Turks carried out a brilliant operation to defeat almost 130 thousandth of the Greek group. The front reached about 600 km.
  12. +4
    24 January 2016 18: 44
    long ago degenerate Greeks, as usual, lost to the Turks. if it weren’t for the British, French, and Russian, then in 1830 they would have also snatched off and remained under the Ottomans.
    Russia's salvation of Turkey is probably an exaggeration. With this logic, the states with their Lend-Lease saved the USSR from defeat and occupation by the Germans.
    Of course, without such help, Kemal would have been more difficult, but the result would have been the same.
    1. +1
      25 January 2016 13: 09
      if not for the English, French and Russian


      You somehow forgot to mention Austria, as if she hadn’t fought, and it was precisely with her that Russia competed in spreading influence in the territories liberated from the Ottoman Empire.
  13. +1
    24 January 2016 19: 00
    Only the Bolsheviks and only in the 1920's could reconcile with Turkey. There was no easy way out; fighting on all fronts was hard. So they were left without territories; Turks, in particular, were given Mount Ararat. Lost Poland, Finland, the Baltic states.
    And so the Turks are the eternal enemies of the Russians since the capture of Constantinople (Constantinople), which for the Orthodox, like Rome for the Catholics.
    And in the first world Russia got involved, by and large, since the annexation of Istanbul and the straits were promised
    map of Russia 1914map of Russia 1914
    1. avt
      -1
      24 January 2016 19: 17
      Quote: Lord of Wrath
      And in the first world Russia got involved, by and large, since the annexation of Istanbul and the straits were promised

      In fact, the de facto Germans, wearing fez, fired at the coast of Russia from ships, again of their own type transferred to Turkey, and even the Turks attacked Odessa, and before that the Kaiser declared war on Russia. addressed with a proposal to enter the war on the side of the Entente, provided that their interests in the Balkans were taken into account after the war they lost in 12 and non-interference in the affairs of the Ottoman Empire, they even guaranteed the same Russia freedom of passage through the straits. But the Naglo-Saxons announced - "Neutrality in relation to the Port will be observed during the conduct of hostilities."
  14. +3
    25 January 2016 17: 35
    Quote: Pissarro
    And the Bulgarians who fought twice on the side of opponents of Orthodox Russia twice in world wars claim to be defenders of Orthodoxy? And now Russophobic Bulgaria, a loyal NATO satellite, will not use any nasty thing to do Russia, then they will not let the humanitarian aid board into Syria, or the pipe will be deployed.

    You know ... Politics is an ambiguous business ... In all countries, including Russia. Sometimes it's fair, sometimes not. You just need to assess the facts in an objectified and impartial manner. And you don’t do that ... You don’t even know the facts! From that and that nonsense that you write. You mixed everything up. Moreover, proceeding from such a convenient postulate for an ignorant person - "the Bulgarian are bad, and we are good." Of course, this way you can get some kind of perverted high, but you will never get to the truth.
  15. +2
    25 January 2016 22: 51
    Turkish villainy outrages Russian people, makes them hate and recall that this was the case before. At heart, everyone knows that a good relationship with them will not last long.

"Right Sector" (banned in Russia), "Ukrainian Insurgent Army" (UPA) (banned in Russia), ISIS (banned in Russia), "Jabhat Fatah al-Sham" formerly "Jabhat al-Nusra" (banned in Russia) , Taliban (banned in Russia), Al-Qaeda (banned in Russia), Anti-Corruption Foundation (banned in Russia), Navalny Headquarters (banned in Russia), Facebook (banned in Russia), Instagram (banned in Russia), Meta (banned in Russia), Misanthropic Division (banned in Russia), Azov (banned in Russia), Muslim Brotherhood (banned in Russia), Aum Shinrikyo (banned in Russia), AUE (banned in Russia), UNA-UNSO (banned in Russia), Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People (banned in Russia), Legion “Freedom of Russia” (armed formation, recognized as terrorist in the Russian Federation and banned)

“Non-profit organizations, unregistered public associations or individuals performing the functions of a foreign agent,” as well as media outlets performing the functions of a foreign agent: “Medusa”; "Voice of America"; "Realities"; "Present time"; "Radio Freedom"; Ponomarev; Savitskaya; Markelov; Kamalyagin; Apakhonchich; Makarevich; Dud; Gordon; Zhdanov; Medvedev; Fedorov; "Owl"; "Alliance of Doctors"; "RKK" "Levada Center"; "Memorial"; "Voice"; "Person and law"; "Rain"; "Mediazone"; "Deutsche Welle"; QMS "Caucasian Knot"; "Insider"; "New Newspaper"