Not by bread alone
The reform of the Armed Forces has affected many aspects of military life, including in the food supply of the military. By 2013, the cost of catering for one soldier should increase from the current 115 rubles to 195, catering should be completely outsourced, moreover, the army promises a buffet for military personnel. Thanks to him, the soldiers will be able to choose their own lunch: 2-3 type of soups, side dishes and drinks, while the number of approaches to the distribution will not be limited. From 1 September 2011 to the system of outsourcing - catering by civilian organizations - the 420 units and agencies of the Ministry of Defense were transferred with a total capacity of almost 395 000 people, until the end of 2012, this system should be covered up to 515 000 military personnel. In addition, the diet itself has changed in quality, products such as cream cheese, biscuits, lard, and coffee have appeared in it.
Dietary change
When developing new rations, the military devoted a lot of time to the cadets, Suvorov and Nakhimov people. In the 2009 year, new ration standards were introduced for future military personnel. This may seem strange, but only now, unlike the previous norms, they took into account age criteria: for 5-8 classes and 9-11 classes, respectively. In order to reduce carbohydrates in the diet, as well as fill the deficit of animal protein required for the formation of the body structure, increase organic and polyunsaturated acids, vitamins and minerals in the new norms, the output of bread, cereals, potatoes from 600 to 450 gr. At the same time, the rate of milk issuance on 100 gr., Cottage cheese - on 30 gr., Vegetables (carrots, cucumbers, beets, tomatoes, onions, greens) - on 105 gr., Fresh fruits - on 100 gr. (for 5 – 8 classes) and 200 gr. (for 9 – 11 classes), vegetable oils - on 10 gr. In addition, juice (200 gr.), Sausages (25 gr.), And vegetable canned foods were added to the diet: beans, corn, green peas (50 gr.).
The rations used in conditions where the preparation of hot food for some reason is not possible have been revised. The main goal was to bring their composition in terms of energy, food and biological value to the scientifically based standards of food rations, as well as expanding opportunities for continuous use. As a result of these transformations, new diets have been developed. The main one was the individual.
The created unified ration of food allows replacing the 2009 norms that existed prior to 2 of the year: an individual daily ration of food (IRP-P) and an individual food ration for combat (IRP-B). At the same time, the first of them was significantly inferior to the new in composition of products and energy value, and the second in peacetime was used only in the order of refreshing the inviolable reserves. The new IRP includes 44 names for various products and components, while earlier IRP-B included 27, and IRP-P included 12 product names. In total, 15 new diets were introduced and upgraded, some of which were developed for the first time, for example, mountain or for crews of surface ships in storm conditions.
According to Russian Defense Minister Anatoly Serdyukov, the energy value of the daily diet in the army reached 4 400 kcal - more than in the armies of the United States, Great Britain, Germany and France. For comparison: the caloric content of daily food in the American army is 4 255 kcal, in the UK 4 050 kcal, in Germany 3 950 kcal, in France 3 875 kcal.
Almost immediately, the newspaper “Izvestia” responded to this statement, which had previously been noted with material about badminton rackets and shuttlecocks that the Armed Forces allegedly intended to purchase. They were not lazy in the newspaper and contacted representatives of the Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. The institute noted that 4 400 kcal for a young 18-year-old guy is a lot. Even 3 000 kcal - a lot. And if you consume daily 4 400 kcal per day, you can earn obesity of the 2 degree for a year.
With the 2 degree of obesity, the excess weight reaches 30-49%, and the person’s shortness of breath may even appear in a state of complete rest. In addition, a person appears signs of respiratory failure, due to the fact that the fat accumulated in the abdomen, raises the diaphragm. With such obesity, the abdomen is enlarged, and in the evening, a person’s edemas are formed on the legs, and there may be complaints of dizziness, confusion, drowsiness, and weakening of memory.
Director of the Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Viktor Tutelyan noted that with such a diet to save soldiers from obesity can intense exercise. A person who is in a coma, every day, the metabolism burns from 900 to 1 500 kcal, a person who does nothing all day - 2 000 kcal. In order to burn 4 400 kcal, a person needs from 3 to 6 hours of intense physical exertion. At the same time, the soldier must give all the best and not filing, otherwise the unused calories in a day will be deposited in his body in the form of fat, you can not trample on the law of metabolism.
In the Ministry of Defense, these reflections reasonably answered that no one would force the soldiers to eat the whole day ration. As the head of the press service and information department of the Defense Ministry of Russia Igor Konashenkov noted, no one is going to forcibly cram all this into recruits. But as practice shows, with current loads due to sports and intensive combat training, soldiers eat these 4 400 kcal for a sweet soul, and some come for supplementation. He also stressed that the rations of military personnel are formed from different versions of dishes, among which are both high-calorie and low-calorie. Depending on the appetite, various menus can be formed from them.
Daily food ration of a modern Russian soldier in numbers
Today the daily ration of food of the Russian soldier who eats in usual army dining rooms, enters (except for spices):
Meat - 250 gr.
Fish - 120 gr.
One egg
Cheese - 10 gr. (on sandwich)
Milk - 150 ml. (glass)
Vegetable oil - 30 gr.
Butter - 45 gr.
Cereals and legumes - 120 gr.
Wheat flour (1 varieties) - 50gr.
Sugar (8 spoons) - 65 gr.
Salt - 20 gr.
Pasta premium - 30 gr.
Potatoes and fresh vegetables - 900 gr. (potatoes - 600 gr., cabbage - 120 gr., beets - 30 gr., carrots - 40 gr., onions - 50 gr., cucumbers, tomatoes, pumpkin, zucchini - 60 gr.)
Bread (loaf) - 650 gr.
Tea - 1 gr. (on the cup)
Coffee (instant) - 1,5 gr.
Fruit Juice - 100 gr.
Dried fruits - 10 gr.
Hexavit multivitamins - 1 pcs.
In addition, pilots, submariners, sailors and wounded can count on special packs, which in addition to the above include: smoked meats, sausages, poultry, herring, sour cream, cottage cheese, jam, fruit and an increased dose of coffee (submariners on 5 cups, pilots on 1,5 ).
Below for comparison, you can get acquainted with the norms of daily allowances in the Soviet Army. The daily allowances for military personnel are given as of 1990 year. These food standards were valid for soldiers and sergeants of military service, as well as soldiers and sergeants of the reserve, who are at military gatherings. The norm is valid for ground forces.
Meat - 150 gr.
Fish - 100 gr.
Bread - 750 gr. (rye-wheat - 350 gr., wheat - 400 gr.)
Chicken eggs - 4 pcs. in Week
Cow's milk - 100 ml.
Butter - 30 gr.
Animal fat (margarine) - 20 gr.
Vegetable oil - 20 gr.
Groats different (rice, millet, buckwheat, barley) - 120 gr.
Wheat flour (premium or 1 grade) - 10gr.
Sugar - 70 gr.
Salt - 20 gr.
Pasta - 40 gr.
Vegetables - 900 gr. (potatoes - 600 gr., cabbage - 130 gr., beets - 30 gr., carrots - 50 gr., onions - 50 gr., cucumbers, tomatoes, greens - 40 gr.)
Tea brewing - 1,2 gr.
Fruit or vegetable juice - 50 gr.
Kissel dry or dried fruit - 30 / 120 gr. .
Hexavit multivitamins - 1 pcs.
As you can see, there have been no major changes in nutritional standards. In the new ration, the share of meat products has been increased, fish, eggs are given daily, and not 4 times a week, as before. Cheese appeared in the diet, plus the share of foods with a high content of carbohydrates: bread and pasta decreased. In this case, the main things are not the figures in the rations, but what really comes to the dinner tables of the military. I want to believe that the nutritional standards in the parts are met.
Catering services
Today, the organization of catering for military units based on the involvement of civilian enterprises is considered as the most promising way. Including the completeness of bringing the prescribed allowances to soldiers (de facto, the military themselves admitted that earlier part of the allowances had simply been plundered). In addition, with the transfer of canteens to civilian enterprises, a number of major problems were solved. For example, to eliminate the distraction of the personnel of parts from activities related to combat training, there was an improvement in the quality of food, the range of prepared dishes was expanded, the culture of its consumption increased. Noticeable changes in the field.
On the large-scale exercises of the rear forces, which took place as part of the large-scale Vostok-2010 maneuvers, the journalists were shown a mobile module that contained a kitchen, a canteen, as well as recreation areas for cooks. This module provides for the complete electrification of cooking places, its reception and distribution using independent power sources. Also, it became possible to use electrified nozzles in the thermal blocks of kitchens instead of manual ones.
All modules were equipped not only heating systems, but also air conditioning. That in itself is not bad and reduces the risk of acute intestinal infections. But the most interesting thing is that civilians ran the whole of this economy. At the same time, the young personnel of the “contracting organization” worked smoothly and professionally.
Also in the army will improve the way of providing parts of food. Today, as one of the areas of optimization, we consider the organization of direct deliveries to the base military camps (brigade dislocation points), bypassing separate logistics complexes for military districts or fleets. Even in the harvesting of potatoes and vegetables, changes will occur. Today, in order to avoid spoilage of seasonal products, laying in storage of vegetables and potatoes in the sun is carried out only for a period of guaranteed preservation of their quality (until January 1). The rest of the products (up to 40-50% of the need) are stored at suppliers and supplied to them in part as needed.
In the future, the improvement of methods of storing material resources, as well as the system of providing the army with food, will significantly optimize the warehouse infrastructure. It is supposed to replace the existing network of bases with modern complexes for the storage and processing of material and technical means.
Another promising activity is the introduction into the army of automated accounting systems (ACS) of material values. The introduction of automated control systems using bar coding in the army at food service facilities will allow you to:
- reduce the number of warehouse staff,
- to provide real-time control over the availability of material resources and the conduct of all types of departmental control and inventory,
- to analyze the compliance of the supplied material values with the conditions of government contracts, as well as the legality of the operations for their movement, to exclude the deliberate distortion of credentials,
- reduce the time of reception and shipment of food,
- automatically track the status of food,
- optimize the loading of storage facilities.
Dietary change
When developing new rations, the military devoted a lot of time to the cadets, Suvorov and Nakhimov people. In the 2009 year, new ration standards were introduced for future military personnel. This may seem strange, but only now, unlike the previous norms, they took into account age criteria: for 5-8 classes and 9-11 classes, respectively. In order to reduce carbohydrates in the diet, as well as fill the deficit of animal protein required for the formation of the body structure, increase organic and polyunsaturated acids, vitamins and minerals in the new norms, the output of bread, cereals, potatoes from 600 to 450 gr. At the same time, the rate of milk issuance on 100 gr., Cottage cheese - on 30 gr., Vegetables (carrots, cucumbers, beets, tomatoes, onions, greens) - on 105 gr., Fresh fruits - on 100 gr. (for 5 – 8 classes) and 200 gr. (for 9 – 11 classes), vegetable oils - on 10 gr. In addition, juice (200 gr.), Sausages (25 gr.), And vegetable canned foods were added to the diet: beans, corn, green peas (50 gr.).
The rations used in conditions where the preparation of hot food for some reason is not possible have been revised. The main goal was to bring their composition in terms of energy, food and biological value to the scientifically based standards of food rations, as well as expanding opportunities for continuous use. As a result of these transformations, new diets have been developed. The main one was the individual.
Individual ration of food - modern dry ration
The created unified ration of food allows replacing the 2009 norms that existed prior to 2 of the year: an individual daily ration of food (IRP-P) and an individual food ration for combat (IRP-B). At the same time, the first of them was significantly inferior to the new in composition of products and energy value, and the second in peacetime was used only in the order of refreshing the inviolable reserves. The new IRP includes 44 names for various products and components, while earlier IRP-B included 27, and IRP-P included 12 product names. In total, 15 new diets were introduced and upgraded, some of which were developed for the first time, for example, mountain or for crews of surface ships in storm conditions.
According to Russian Defense Minister Anatoly Serdyukov, the energy value of the daily diet in the army reached 4 400 kcal - more than in the armies of the United States, Great Britain, Germany and France. For comparison: the caloric content of daily food in the American army is 4 255 kcal, in the UK 4 050 kcal, in Germany 3 950 kcal, in France 3 875 kcal.
Almost immediately, the newspaper “Izvestia” responded to this statement, which had previously been noted with material about badminton rackets and shuttlecocks that the Armed Forces allegedly intended to purchase. They were not lazy in the newspaper and contacted representatives of the Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. The institute noted that 4 400 kcal for a young 18-year-old guy is a lot. Even 3 000 kcal - a lot. And if you consume daily 4 400 kcal per day, you can earn obesity of the 2 degree for a year.
With the 2 degree of obesity, the excess weight reaches 30-49%, and the person’s shortness of breath may even appear in a state of complete rest. In addition, a person appears signs of respiratory failure, due to the fact that the fat accumulated in the abdomen, raises the diaphragm. With such obesity, the abdomen is enlarged, and in the evening, a person’s edemas are formed on the legs, and there may be complaints of dizziness, confusion, drowsiness, and weakening of memory.
Director of the Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Viktor Tutelyan noted that with such a diet to save soldiers from obesity can intense exercise. A person who is in a coma, every day, the metabolism burns from 900 to 1 500 kcal, a person who does nothing all day - 2 000 kcal. In order to burn 4 400 kcal, a person needs from 3 to 6 hours of intense physical exertion. At the same time, the soldier must give all the best and not filing, otherwise the unused calories in a day will be deposited in his body in the form of fat, you can not trample on the law of metabolism.
In the Ministry of Defense, these reflections reasonably answered that no one would force the soldiers to eat the whole day ration. As the head of the press service and information department of the Defense Ministry of Russia Igor Konashenkov noted, no one is going to forcibly cram all this into recruits. But as practice shows, with current loads due to sports and intensive combat training, soldiers eat these 4 400 kcal for a sweet soul, and some come for supplementation. He also stressed that the rations of military personnel are formed from different versions of dishes, among which are both high-calorie and low-calorie. Depending on the appetite, various menus can be formed from them.
Daily food ration of a modern Russian soldier in numbers
Today the daily ration of food of the Russian soldier who eats in usual army dining rooms, enters (except for spices):
Meat - 250 gr.
Fish - 120 gr.
One egg
Cheese - 10 gr. (on sandwich)
Milk - 150 ml. (glass)
Vegetable oil - 30 gr.
Butter - 45 gr.
Cereals and legumes - 120 gr.
Wheat flour (1 varieties) - 50gr.
Sugar (8 spoons) - 65 gr.
Salt - 20 gr.
Pasta premium - 30 gr.
Potatoes and fresh vegetables - 900 gr. (potatoes - 600 gr., cabbage - 120 gr., beets - 30 gr., carrots - 40 gr., onions - 50 gr., cucumbers, tomatoes, pumpkin, zucchini - 60 gr.)
Bread (loaf) - 650 gr.
Tea - 1 gr. (on the cup)
Coffee (instant) - 1,5 gr.
Fruit Juice - 100 gr.
Dried fruits - 10 gr.
Hexavit multivitamins - 1 pcs.
In addition, pilots, submariners, sailors and wounded can count on special packs, which in addition to the above include: smoked meats, sausages, poultry, herring, sour cream, cottage cheese, jam, fruit and an increased dose of coffee (submariners on 5 cups, pilots on 1,5 ).
Below for comparison, you can get acquainted with the norms of daily allowances in the Soviet Army. The daily allowances for military personnel are given as of 1990 year. These food standards were valid for soldiers and sergeants of military service, as well as soldiers and sergeants of the reserve, who are at military gatherings. The norm is valid for ground forces.
Meat - 150 gr.
Fish - 100 gr.
Bread - 750 gr. (rye-wheat - 350 gr., wheat - 400 gr.)
Chicken eggs - 4 pcs. in Week
Cow's milk - 100 ml.
Butter - 30 gr.
Animal fat (margarine) - 20 gr.
Vegetable oil - 20 gr.
Groats different (rice, millet, buckwheat, barley) - 120 gr.
Wheat flour (premium or 1 grade) - 10gr.
Sugar - 70 gr.
Salt - 20 gr.
Pasta - 40 gr.
Vegetables - 900 gr. (potatoes - 600 gr., cabbage - 130 gr., beets - 30 gr., carrots - 50 gr., onions - 50 gr., cucumbers, tomatoes, greens - 40 gr.)
Tea brewing - 1,2 gr.
Fruit or vegetable juice - 50 gr.
Kissel dry or dried fruit - 30 / 120 gr. .
Hexavit multivitamins - 1 pcs.
As you can see, there have been no major changes in nutritional standards. In the new ration, the share of meat products has been increased, fish, eggs are given daily, and not 4 times a week, as before. Cheese appeared in the diet, plus the share of foods with a high content of carbohydrates: bread and pasta decreased. In this case, the main things are not the figures in the rations, but what really comes to the dinner tables of the military. I want to believe that the nutritional standards in the parts are met.
Catering services
Today, the organization of catering for military units based on the involvement of civilian enterprises is considered as the most promising way. Including the completeness of bringing the prescribed allowances to soldiers (de facto, the military themselves admitted that earlier part of the allowances had simply been plundered). In addition, with the transfer of canteens to civilian enterprises, a number of major problems were solved. For example, to eliminate the distraction of the personnel of parts from activities related to combat training, there was an improvement in the quality of food, the range of prepared dishes was expanded, the culture of its consumption increased. Noticeable changes in the field.
Modular dining room
On the large-scale exercises of the rear forces, which took place as part of the large-scale Vostok-2010 maneuvers, the journalists were shown a mobile module that contained a kitchen, a canteen, as well as recreation areas for cooks. This module provides for the complete electrification of cooking places, its reception and distribution using independent power sources. Also, it became possible to use electrified nozzles in the thermal blocks of kitchens instead of manual ones.
All modules were equipped not only heating systems, but also air conditioning. That in itself is not bad and reduces the risk of acute intestinal infections. But the most interesting thing is that civilians ran the whole of this economy. At the same time, the young personnel of the “contracting organization” worked smoothly and professionally.
Also in the army will improve the way of providing parts of food. Today, as one of the areas of optimization, we consider the organization of direct deliveries to the base military camps (brigade dislocation points), bypassing separate logistics complexes for military districts or fleets. Even in the harvesting of potatoes and vegetables, changes will occur. Today, in order to avoid spoilage of seasonal products, laying in storage of vegetables and potatoes in the sun is carried out only for a period of guaranteed preservation of their quality (until January 1). The rest of the products (up to 40-50% of the need) are stored at suppliers and supplied to them in part as needed.
In the future, the improvement of methods of storing material resources, as well as the system of providing the army with food, will significantly optimize the warehouse infrastructure. It is supposed to replace the existing network of bases with modern complexes for the storage and processing of material and technical means.
Another promising activity is the introduction into the army of automated accounting systems (ACS) of material values. The introduction of automated control systems using bar coding in the army at food service facilities will allow you to:
- reduce the number of warehouse staff,
- to provide real-time control over the availability of material resources and the conduct of all types of departmental control and inventory,
- to analyze the compliance of the supplied material values with the conditions of government contracts, as well as the legality of the operations for their movement, to exclude the deliberate distortion of credentials,
- reduce the time of reception and shipment of food,
- automatically track the status of food,
- optimize the loading of storage facilities.
Information