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The first years of the war were incredibly difficult for the entire Soviet Union, including the active army and the rear. Not easy in 1941-1943 It was necessary and the Soviet police. Tens of thousands of police officers fought on the front lines — both in the military units of the Red Army and in special units of the NKVD, in partisan detachments. But those who remained in the rear, no less risked: in the country has sharply increased the level of crime. In addition, Hitler's saboteurs were added to the bandits - and the fight against them also fell on the shoulders of Soviet policemen. However, the police began to prepare for a possible complication of the operational situation even before the start of the war. So, in 1940, in accordance with the order of the NKVD of the USSR, it was decided to reorganize the operational and service activities of the criminal investigation units of the Soviet militia on a linear basis. In particular, groups were identified to combat specific types of criminal offenses. As part of the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department (MUR), 11 offices were allocated, each of which specialized in specific types of crimes. In addition, a special operational detachment was handed over to the MUR, and a special paramilitary battalion was formed - it included three combat companies, a car crew, a squad of scooters and a machine-gun company.
At the end of 1939, the celebrated Moscow Criminal Investigation Department was headed by a man of legend - operas with twenty years of experience and a veteran of the Civil War Konstantin Rudin. Despite the fact that he was at the head of MUR for only four years, it was during the period of his leadership of the capital city that the most difficult years of the outbreak of the war fell. In principle, given the difficult operational situation in the capital and the approaching threat of war, the choice of such a responsible and fearless person as Rudin was was very correct. During the leadership of Rudin MUR, the fight against crime in the Soviet capital remained at the height. What can I say - in spite of his status, the head of the Moscow city investigation did not disdain to personally go to the operation, to participate in the detention of dangerous criminals. By the time he was appointed to the post of Chief of the Criminal Investigation Department of Moscow, Major Konstantin Rudin was already 41 a year. Behind his shoulders - almost twenty years of service in the criminal wanted list - not only in Moscow, but also in a number of other cities of the Soviet Union. And before the police - the Civil War, in which Rudin took part in the composition of the Red Army and in which he lost three fingers.
The son of a bindyuzhnik - the hero of the Civil
In fact, the legend of the Moscow militia was called Kasriel Mendelevich Rudin. He was born in 1898 in a small town Velizh (in the photo is a street in Velizh), belonging to the Vitebsk province (currently Velizh is part of the Smolensk region and is the administrative center of the corresponding district). By the year of 1898, when the family of binduzhnik Mendel and his wife, who was employed as a cook, had a son, Casriel, the resident 12 193 was living in Velizh. The national composition of the town was “half-hearted” - 5 984 residents belonged to the Jewish community, 5 809 were Belarusian and 283 people were Russian (1897 census data). In the Jewish family, as is quite clear by name, was born and Kasriel Rudin. His father, Mendel, had a large family living in poverty. A cab driver and a cook could hardly feed many children without worrying about their own health. Subsequently, Kasriel Rudin’s father and sister died from tuberculosis. A Jewish pogrom took place in 1905 in Velizh. Escaping from the pogrom, the Rudin family moved to a larger Vitebsk, where the situation with the protection of order was much better. In 1910, twelve-year-old Kasriel was forced to stop studying at the Vitebsk Jewish school and go to work at the store of the finished dress, which was kept by the Dudanov brothers in Vitebsk Street.
It is likely that if the revolution hadn't happened in 1917, the young store employee Casriel Rudin would have remained in Vitebsk, an unknown modest seller. However, fate decreed otherwise. Like hundreds of thousands of his peers, Kasriel Rudin fell into the cycle of revolutionary events. And now - he is already at the front, as part of the Red Army. Kasriel Rudin had a chance to fight as part of the famous "Guy Division", which bore the name "Iron". Initially, the Iron Division was officially called the 1 Simbirsk Infantry Division. It was formed on July 26 by 1918 by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the 1 Army of the Eastern Front and included Samara, Simbirsk and Sengiley volunteer units. 18 November 1918 of the year The 1-th consolidated Simbirsk infantry division was renamed 24-th Simbirsk rifle division. Guy Dmitrievich Guy (1887-1937) was appointed the first division commander, who gave her a name. In fact, the divisional commander was called Haik Bzhishkyants. A native of Persian Tabriz and an Armenian by nationality, he was born into a teacher's family, and later moved to Tiflis to receive education at a theological seminary. Since 1904, the young Armenian took part in the activities of the Social Democratic Party. When World War I began, Gaik joined the army as a volunteer and, after graduating from the Tiflis school of instructors and officers, went to the front. There the officer showed great personal courage. He commanded a company staffed by Armenian volunteers and who fought against the Turkish army on the Caucasian front. During the war years, Hayk was able to reach the rank of captain and received three crosses of St. George. After the October Revolution, the Armenian revolutionary, for obvious reasons, found himself in the ranks of the fighting Red Army. It was with such a heroic divisional commander that the hero of our article served. Naturally, Casriel Rudin himself, who served in the division as assistant commander of a machine-gun company, did not lag behind the divisional commander for courage. By the way, along with Rudin, another Red Army soldier served in Guy's division, who became much more famous - George Zhukov. In the battle on the White River, in which Guy's Iron Division took part, the assistant commander of a machine-gun company, Kasriel Rudin, was seriously wounded by shell fragments - in the head and in the arm, lost three fingers on his right hand. The wounded Red Army man returned to Vitebsk, where he married Evgenia Sokolova, who became his only wife until the end of his life. For his valiant participation in the Civil War, Kasriel Rudin was awarded a cavalry saber and a nominal pistol.
Twenty years on operational work
After demobilization from the ranks of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army, Kasriel Rudin began serving in the police. Then, in 1921, the Soviet police only took the first steps. It was a very difficult time - the Civil War was still raging, cities and villages of Russia were devastated by military operations, numerous gangs were operating in them - both ordinary criminals and deserters, and politicized supporters of the old regime or powerlessness. It was difficult to stop the criminal lawlessness of the newly formed Soviet militia - the lack of experience, poor preparation, and useless weaponry affected. In some counties, the police almost had no firearms. weapons. Yes, and served in the police most often or very young guys, or older people, suitable for non-combat service, or disabled people of war. But, despite the many difficulties, the Soviet police strengthened with each month of its existence, made new victories over crime. And the most important role in this belonged to the first generation of Soviet law enforcement officers, to which Rudin belonged. It was about them - the operas of the first post-revolutionary years - that later the immortal works “The Tale of the Criminal Investigation”, “The Green Van”, “The Probation Period” and many others were created. The formation of the Soviet criminal investigation department began at the end of the year 1918. 5 October 1918 of the NKVD of the USSR approved the "Regulations on the organization of criminal investigation departments." In accordance with the Regulations, in the settlements of the RSFSR, in order to protect the revolutionary order, by secretly investigating crimes of a criminal nature and combating banditry, at all provincial departments of the Soviet workers 'and peasants' militia in cities both county and populated with population not less than 40 000 - 45 000 residents of the criminal investigation department. The created criminal investigation department was subordinated to the Central Criminal Investigation Department, which was part of the Main Directorate of Workers 'and Peasants' Militia of the NKVD of the RSFSR.
Kasriel Rudin began his service in the criminal investigation department of Vitebsk - the city where his teenage and young years passed. In Vitebsk, the provincial police department was established on August 15, 1918. He was placed in the building of the former governor's palace, in which several rooms were allocated to police officers. As in other regions of the RSFSR, in Vitebsk, the provincial administration included railway, water and industrial police as subdivisions. And the disclosure of crimes of a criminal nature was entrusted to the provincial criminal investigation department, which was included in the police in 1923. Of course, Vitebsk was not Odessa, Rostov or Moscow, but even here the confusion of the Civil War made itself felt. On the territory of the city and its environs there were dangerous gangs of criminal criminals, which created many problems for the population of the province. The police had to make a lot of efforts to end the gangs of Tsvetkov, Vorobyov, Ruzhinsky, Korunny, Gromov, Agafonchik and other dangerous criminals once and for all. After serving in the Vitebsk criminal investigation department, Rudin was transferred to Simferopol. The Crimean police also had a hard time - they had to wage a tense battle with the criminal elements that flooded the Soviet Crimea. In addition, in Crimea there was a difficult operational situation along the line of counterintelligence - the peninsula always aroused interest among foreign intelligence services, since it was the base of the Soviet fleet and had a strategic location. Criminal investigation officers also had to participate in the capture of spies. Over the years of work in the criminal investigation department of Vitebsk and Simferopol, Ryazan and Saratov, Casriel Rudin, who was called Konstantin for "simplicity," was encouraged sixteen times for his exemplary service. A dashing civilian fighter, he was a "plowman" of the criminal investigation department. Do not count the criminals caught with the direct participation of Rudin. In 1936-1939 Kasriel Rudin headed the criminal investigation department of Saratov. These were the most stressful years for Soviet police officers.
Although, in general, the crime situation in the late 1930-ies. returned to normal and could not even be compared with the situation of the beginning of 1920's, the life of Soviet policemen was overshadowed by the not always justified political repression and persecution. Many senior and middle managers of the NKVD of the USSR, among whom were excellent operatives, disappeared without a trace in the second half of the 1930-s. Some of them, of course, by exaggeration and mistakes, he himself reprimanded himself, but many were convicted and shot unreasonably. So, in 1938, Leonid Vul (1899-1938) was shot by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR, in 1933-1937. who headed the Office of the Workers 'and Peasants' Police in Moscow. Shortly before his arrest, Vul was transferred to Saratov to the post of head of the workers 'and peasants' militia department and assistant head of the Saratov department of the NKVD of the USSR. It was in his submission that the hero of our article Rudin was. And - for the small did not share the fate of the chief. Moreover, some people in the political department "sharpened a tooth" for the opera, which did not approve the organization of the fight against hooliganism, the state of party studies, etc. In December, 1938 was arrested by Albert Robertovich Stromnn (Geller, 1902-1939), who served as chief of the NKVD in the Saratov region. Stromin, the son of a German Social Democrat who emigrated to Russia in 1913, was suspected of counter-revolutionary activities. And this is despite the fact that Stromin still 17-year-old young man participated in the Civil War, was wounded during the defense of Yekaterinoslav, and from 1920 he served in the organs of the Cheka-OGPU-NKVD. Major State Security Stromin was shot in 1939 year. Surprisingly, Konstantin Rudin managed to avoid arrest - perhaps it was just that the repression plan in the Saratov UNKVD was executed, and perhaps the professional operative was not touched for purely utilitarian reasons - after all, he was not so much an administrative figure as the real "plowman" who depended on successes of practical activities of Saratov investigation.
At the head of the capital investigation
From the Saratov region Konstantin Rudin transferred to Moscow. Here, in the capital of the Soviet Union, due to the size of the population and the very status of the city, the operational situation was much more complicated than in Saratov. However, the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department (MUR) was famous for its professionalism throughout the country. Konstantin Rudin was to lead the most "elite" division of the Soviet criminal investigation department. The first combat successes of the MUR relate to the very beginning of its existence. Then, in 1918, detectives of the old Moscow criminal investigation, who recognized the Soviet power and agreed to carry out their professional duties further, joined the MUR. It should be noted that no matter how sincerely revolutionary sailors, soldiers, workers, and students, who formed the backbone of the Soviet militia in the first post-revolutionary years, were inclined to fight crime, they could not do without old specialists in operational-search activity. Despite the fact that the attitude to the former Tsarist police officers in Soviet Russia was cool, even the leaders of the Soviet NKVD among professional revolutionaries were well aware of the need to involve specialists from the “old school” in the construction of new Soviet law enforcement agencies. Moreover, unlike gendarmes, the detectives of the criminal investigation almost did not deal with the political opponents of the tsarist regime in their daily activities. Accordingly, party leaders with pre-revolutionary experience practically had no resentment towards them.
However, to lead the criminal investigation put all the same proven people. Such as the first head of the CID Alexander Maximovich Trepalov (1887-1937) - a former Baltic sailor. A native of St. Petersburg, Trepalov, before being drafted into the fleet, worked as a mill in the ship repair plant, served as a galvaner on the armored cruiser Rurik of the Baltic Fleet during the First World War. For the revolutionary activities, Trepalov was put in a floating prison on the ship “Grozny” in Reval, and then dismissed ashore. On land, Alexander Maksimovich fought on the Western and Austrian fronts, and in the fall of 1917, after the October Revolution, he became a member of the St. Petersburg Cheka. In 1918, it was Alexander Trepalov who was appointed the first head of the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department (MOOR). In this position, the former sailor showed himself to be a real master of investigation - and this despite the fact that until 1917, he had no relation to operational search or investigative activities, and indeed to the protection of order, but was an ordinary worker and sailor of the fleet. In 1920, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee awarded Trepalov with the Order of the Red Banner for that period — the highest state award of Soviet Russia for that period.
Konstantin Rudin became the eighth (including Trepalov) chief of the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department. Before him, this post was held by senior police major Viktor Petrovich Ovchinnikov (1898-1938). He was on the post of the main Moscow opera from 1933 to 1938, having managed to uncover the famous “Melekessk case”.
Recall that in December 1936 in the city of Melekess of the Kuybyshev region (now the Samara region) was brutally murdered for the purpose of robbery by the famous teacher Maria Vladimirovna Pronina - a delegate of the Extraordinary VIII All-Union Congress of Soviets, who was also a member of his drafting committee. To investigate the murder in Melekess sent a special brigade MUR, headed by Viktor Petrovich Ovchinnikov. In just three days, the Murovtsy went on the trail of the deputy’s murderers - they turned out to be local criminals Rozov, Fedotov and Eshcherkin. In 1937, the entire criminal trinity, in whose hands there was blood and other victims, was sentenced to be shot and executed. For disclosing the high-profile case, Ovchinnikov was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. But the Kremlin reception at Stalin did not save the senior police major from repression - in 1938, he was arrested and shot. And in such a hectic time, Kasriel Rudin led the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department.
By the way, to the question of police ranks. The eye of the modern reader, not familiar with history domestic law enforcement agencies, probably “rezanulo” the title of “senior police major”, which was worn by Rudin’s predecessor as head of MUR Viktor Petrovich Ovchinnikov. In the modern Russian police there is no such title. He was not in the Russian and Soviet militia after the 1943 year. The fact is that before 1943, the Soviet police and state security agencies had their own special ranks, which differed significantly from the army. By order of the NKVD of the USSR No. 157 of 5 of May 1936, the following special ranks of commanding and private personnel were introduced in the workers' and peasant militia: 1) police officer, 2) senior police officer, 3) separate police commander, 4) police police officer, 5) police detachment, 6) 7) police sergeant, 8) junior police lieutenant, 9) police lieutenant, 10) police senior lieutenant, 11) police captain, 12) police major, 13) police senior major, 14) police inspector, 15) police director, police officer, 1936) police major, 1943) police officer, 1930) chief police officer. We see that those police ranks that are identical with the army, in fact, are one step higher than the army. Thus, the title of "senior police major" in fact was general and corresponded to the military rank of "division commander" in the Red Army. The title of “police major”, which at the time of his appointment as the head of the Moscow Criminal Investigation Commission was carried by Kasriel Rudin, was similar to the army rank of “brigade commander”. In modern Russia, brigade commanders most often bear the military rank of “colonel,” but in a number of foreign countries there is the title of “brigadier general,” located between the colonel and the major general. Here you can compare with him the commander of the Red Army or police major in XNUMX-XNUMX. Thus, already at the end of the XNUMX-s, the position of head of the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department corresponded to the general's rank, the degree of responsibility in this position was equally high.
Despite his high position, Kasriel Rudin personally participated in many high-profile MUR operations, although he risked his own life, while he could send subordinates. In particular, Rudin personally left with his operatives subordinate to him to Yaroslavl, where a dangerous criminal who had fled from Moscow was hiding. In Yaroslavl, Murovtsy learned that the gangster is hiding in a hotel in the city. Then, Kasriel Rudin ordered his subordinates to block the escape routes, and he alone went into the room of the criminal. The latter grabbed a gun and began to retreat backwards. He shot at the approaching Rudin, but did not hit. The head of MUR managed to convince the criminal to drop the weapon and detain him. There were many such episodes in the life of Kasriel Rudin.
Threat in the war years
On June 22, 1941, after the treacherous attack of Nazi Germany on the Soviet Union, the Great Patriotic War began. For several months, the Nazi forces managed to significantly advance deep into Soviet territory. The battles were fought in the suburbs, there was a very significant risk that the enemies would break into Moscow. In this difficult environment, I had to be doubly vigilant. A significant part of the responsibilities for catching spies, enemy saboteurs, and traitors from the local population was assigned to the employees of the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department. Also, police officers, the criminal investigation department, together with workers of the Krasny Proletary printing house, watch factory, radio committee employees, students of the Institute of Physical Education, students of the Industrial Academy, high school students, employees of a number of people's commissariats, became part of the fighter motorized rifle regiment, formed in October 1941 and heroically fighting on the fronts of World War II in 1941-1945. The fighter regiment was tasked with operating in the immediate rear of the Nazis, destroying the enemy’s manpower and military equipment, destroying its infrastructure and rear services, destroying transport communications and communication lines, and carrying out intelligence functions. Only from November 13, 1941 to January 31, 1942, the regiment sent 104 battle groups to the rear of the enemy. Soldiers of the regiment destroyed 1016 Nazi soldiers and officers in two months, 6 tanks and 46 enemy vehicles, 1 artillery gun, mined 8 highways, blew up three warehouses and a car repair base, destroyed two bridges, cut off enemy communication lines in 440 places.
The leadership of the MUR was instructed to form special groups from the most active and trained operational staff to be deployed to the front as reconnaissance and sabotage units. The chief of the criminal investigation department of Moscow, police major Rudin, summoned his subordinates. It was necessary to create a partisan group for operations behind enemy lines on the territory of the Ruzsky and Novo-Petrovsky districts. Looking around the staff, the Civil War veteran Rudin selected the most trained. He appointed the senior detective Viktor Kolesov as the commander of the detachment, and Mikhail Nemtsov as the commissar of the detachment. The detachment consisted of about thirty people and raided the location of enemy bases. During one of these raids, the detachment commander, police sergeant Kolesov, died - he fell in battle with the Nazis on November 16, 1941, covering up the withdrawal of his colleagues. In Moscow itself, completely non-core tasks took shape at the MUR - for example, extinguishing fires that began after Hitler’s bombing aviation. In addition, the Murovtsy regularly identified and detained deserters, Hitler’s signalmen and scouts, paratroopers and saboteurs. The head of the MUR, police major Rudin personally took part in the deployment of reconnaissance and sabotage groups to the rear of the Nazi troops. During one of such operations, a German sniper nearly shot him - Rudina was saved by the selflessness of his subordinate.
What tasks the Moscow operatives had to solve at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, this case testifies. At Kazan station, a group of police officers patrolled and checked documents. Senior security officer Moore Weiner approached to verify the documents to the man in the form of the captain of the Red Army. The officer had everything in order with the documents, but there was no conventional sign on the travel certificate. The operatives suspected something was wrong and invited the captain to proceed to the duty military commandant of the station. The captain was asked to show personal weapons and documents to him. The officer calmly laid out a revolver "revolver" and a certificate. However, at this moment he tried to swallow some piece of paper. The operatives pulled it out of the hands of a soldier - it turned out that this was a receipt from the station's storage cell. Naturally, after this, it became clear to the Morovites that the officer was not the one for whom he claimed to be. The captain was searched and they found a pistol "Walter", in his boots - hidden documents with seals of various military units. In the suitcase, which the operatives took away from the locker room, there were three million rubles and a pack of documents. Everything cleared up - a resident of German intelligence stood in front of the Murov people, who were instructed to establish contact with the scouts operating on the Moscow railway. Spy handed over to counterintelligence. And this is by no means the only such case in the activities of the Moscow criminal order in the years of the Great Patriotic War. In addition to the search for spies, the tasks of identifying and apprehending deserters and people evading mobilization also lay on the Murovtsy people. In the multimillion Moscow there were a lot of such people, especially since people from other cities flocked here. To identify such elements as part of the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department, a special unit was created, which was in close contact with the transport police, district police officers, military commandant's offices, house managements, Komsomol and party organizations. Murovtsi also contributed to ensuring compliance with the passport regime in Moscow, which was also of great importance in difficult war years.
Since the size of the operational staff of MUR was significantly reduced due to the dispatch of many of the best employees to the front, double volumes of load were laid on the rest. Moreover, in the hungry war years the crime situation in the city worsened. So, in Moscow, criminal gangs appeared, industrial armed attacks on food stores and warehouses, bases. When Hitler's troops approached Moscow, speculators and criminals became more active on the streets of the city, and acts of looting began. The police received additional wartime rights, in particular, the right to shoot looters at the crime scene, without trial or investigation. On the Vosstaniya Square, a group of criminals seized cars with equipment from factories that were going to be evacuated to the east of the country, and were about to leave Moscow on these machines. A detachment of officers from the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department immediately moved to the scene of the incident. Murovtsy shot criminals with machine guns, an attempt to hijack vehicles with valuable equipment was prevented.
In addition to robberies and robberies, there have been frequent cases of fraud and forgery of ration cards. A very common offense is theft of ration cards. The thieves condemned their victims to hunger, as it was almost impossible to get food without cards. In this situation, the Murovtsi always rushed to the aid of Muscovites. In particular, it was possible to catch a certain citizen Ovchinnikova, who stole more than 60 food cards. Despite the difficult situation, the MUR officers coped brilliantly with their service. Thus, only in the second half of 1941, in Moscow, 90% of the murders that occurred and 83% of burglaries were uncovered. Order in the city was established by tough but fair methods.
The famous operation of MUR was the return of the German cryptographic apparatus. The trophy apparatus disappeared during transportation in a military truck in the fall of 1941. The counterintelligence agents, for whom the apparatus was of great interest, turned for help to the criminal investigation officers. The search operation for the missing cryptographic apparatus was headed by the deputy head of the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department Georgy (Gregory) Tynner - a man no less legendary than his boss Rudin. A twentieth-century peer, Tynner began serving in the Moscow police in 1917. The young high school student came to the criminal investigation unit of the 2-th Tver police station to get a job. Soon, despite his young age, yesterday's high school student became deputy chief of the police commissariat for the criminal investigation unit, and in 1919, he was invited to work at the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department. For more than twenty years of service, he has gone from a criminal investigation agent to the deputy head of the Moscow criminal investigation department. Tylner participated in the seizure of the famous gang Koshelkov, who organized the attack and robbery of the car of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. Tylner and his subordinates began working on versions of the loss of the encryption machine. They interviewed the officers accompanying the apparatus and drove to the route followed by the car. During the trip, the investigators noticed how the boys on skates, equipped with special wire hooks, pulled the knots out of a passing car on the street. Soon the teenagers were detained, the identity of the boy who stole the encryption machine was established. The employees of MUR moved to the place indicated by them - the basement of a vegetable shop, where the boy threw the car as unnecessary, and took out the device. After Tynler managed to track down the stolen encryption machine, the convoy escorting it escaped the one-hundred-percent tribunal.
In October, 1941, Mr. Rudin and Tynlner, directed the elimination of the dangerous gang of the Shablov brothers. The gang consisted of fifteen people who were engaged in armed attacks on food depots in Moscow. In 1942, the Moscow detectives neutralized another gang, a certain Gypsy, under whose command ten criminals gathered. "Gypsy" specialized in burglaries, cleaning the apartments of evacuees or residents of the Soviet capital who had gone to the front. Of course, there were many such criminal groups in Moscow military. Only in 1942-1943. Murovtsi managed to detain ten gangs specializing in burglary.
last years of life
However, despite the difficult operational situation in Moscow and the ongoing hostilities, the internal struggle in the law enforcement agencies of the USSR and the state security bodies did not stop. Someone did not like the activities of Rudin as head of the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department. At the same time, there were no complaints about the power against Kasriel Mendelevich. He was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Red Star, the Red Banner, the Badge of Honor, the medal For the Defense of Moscow. In March 1943, Kasriel Mendelevich Rudin was given the special title of “Police Commissioner of the Third Rank”. Note that in February 1943 of the year, in accordance with the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR "On the titles of commanding officers of the NKVD and the police" from 09.02.1943, in the Soviet police were established titles, identical titles in the Red Army. Only the ranks of the commanding officers of the militia differed from the army — the ranks of the police commissioners 1, 2 and 3 were introduced, corresponding to the rank of colonel-general, lieutenant-general and major-general. Thus, in 1943, Kasriel Rudin became, if we draw analogies with the modern hierarchy of ranks, the major general of the police.
However, despite his high rank, Kasriel Rudin did not manage to retain the leading position in the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department. At the end of 1943, he was criticized by the higher authorities for allegedly worsening of the operational situation in Moscow. In fact, given the war years, the crime situation remained tense in all cities and towns of the Soviet Union, not only in Moscow. But this was not taken into account by those who wanted to remove Rudin from the post of head of the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department. In April, the 1943 of Rudin was dismissed from the post of the head of MUR. Colonel Leonid Rasskazov, a militia colonel who also joined the criminal investigation department at the very beginning of his existence as a student at the Institute of Railway Engineers, became a new head of the Soviet capital investigation. However, Rasskazov held the position of head of MUR for only a few months - until December 1943. In 1944, the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department was headed by police commissar of the third rank Alexander Urusov, who previously headed the Office of Workers 'and Peasants' Militia in the Sverdlovsk Region. Alexander Mikhailovich Urusov was the head of MUR for six years, until 1950.
The commissioner of police of the third rank, Rudin, was transferred to the post of head of the Astrakhan Police Department. It is clear that this post was an “honorary exile” - on the one hand, Rudin, considering his great merits, did not want to offend and therefore was appointed to a high management position - not even the head of the criminal investigation department, but the head of the Police Department, but on the other hand - service in Moscow and service in provincial Astrakhan still lay a gulf. Moreover, the title in which Rudin was located did not correspond to his new position. Indeed, in Astrakhan the police were far less numerous than in Moscow. Naturally, the transfer to the province affected the health of Kasriel Mendelevich. Soon, due to deteriorating state of health, Rudin, a third-level police commissioner, was recalled from Astrakhan and appointed head of a special assignment department at the USSR General Police Department. It is clear that this appointment was also a kind of “honorable” - they did not want to get rid of the highly professional and honored policeman, who was still young, but took into account his state of health and did not want to put him in a laborious and responsible position.
In the spring of 1945, Kasriel Rudin returned from a trip to the Baltic States in a painful state. He felt very bad, with a high fever, and was hospitalized right from the train. 8 April 1945, Kasriel Mendelevich Rudin died on 48's year of life. The cause of death of the police commissioner was cirrhosis of the liver. The legendary Murovets was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery of Moscow. Kasriel Rudin did not manage to see the post-war Soviet Union, to meet and celebrate the Great Victory, to which he certainly made a great contribution, although he did not personally participate in the hostilities. By the way, the brother of Kasriel Rudin, Jacob Rudin, also worked in the police - he headed the passport office at the Police Department of Kerch and died during the war, defending Kerch from gunmen in arms. Son Kasriel Rudin Boris Kasrielevich Rudin also participated in the Great Patriotic War.
At the end of 1939, the celebrated Moscow Criminal Investigation Department was headed by a man of legend - operas with twenty years of experience and a veteran of the Civil War Konstantin Rudin. Despite the fact that he was at the head of MUR for only four years, it was during the period of his leadership of the capital city that the most difficult years of the outbreak of the war fell. In principle, given the difficult operational situation in the capital and the approaching threat of war, the choice of such a responsible and fearless person as Rudin was was very correct. During the leadership of Rudin MUR, the fight against crime in the Soviet capital remained at the height. What can I say - in spite of his status, the head of the Moscow city investigation did not disdain to personally go to the operation, to participate in the detention of dangerous criminals. By the time he was appointed to the post of Chief of the Criminal Investigation Department of Moscow, Major Konstantin Rudin was already 41 a year. Behind his shoulders - almost twenty years of service in the criminal wanted list - not only in Moscow, but also in a number of other cities of the Soviet Union. And before the police - the Civil War, in which Rudin took part in the composition of the Red Army and in which he lost three fingers.
The son of a bindyuzhnik - the hero of the Civil
In fact, the legend of the Moscow militia was called Kasriel Mendelevich Rudin. He was born in 1898 in a small town Velizh (in the photo is a street in Velizh), belonging to the Vitebsk province (currently Velizh is part of the Smolensk region and is the administrative center of the corresponding district). By the year of 1898, when the family of binduzhnik Mendel and his wife, who was employed as a cook, had a son, Casriel, the resident 12 193 was living in Velizh. The national composition of the town was “half-hearted” - 5 984 residents belonged to the Jewish community, 5 809 were Belarusian and 283 people were Russian (1897 census data). In the Jewish family, as is quite clear by name, was born and Kasriel Rudin. His father, Mendel, had a large family living in poverty. A cab driver and a cook could hardly feed many children without worrying about their own health. Subsequently, Kasriel Rudin’s father and sister died from tuberculosis. A Jewish pogrom took place in 1905 in Velizh. Escaping from the pogrom, the Rudin family moved to a larger Vitebsk, where the situation with the protection of order was much better. In 1910, twelve-year-old Kasriel was forced to stop studying at the Vitebsk Jewish school and go to work at the store of the finished dress, which was kept by the Dudanov brothers in Vitebsk Street. It is likely that if the revolution hadn't happened in 1917, the young store employee Casriel Rudin would have remained in Vitebsk, an unknown modest seller. However, fate decreed otherwise. Like hundreds of thousands of his peers, Kasriel Rudin fell into the cycle of revolutionary events. And now - he is already at the front, as part of the Red Army. Kasriel Rudin had a chance to fight as part of the famous "Guy Division", which bore the name "Iron". Initially, the Iron Division was officially called the 1 Simbirsk Infantry Division. It was formed on July 26 by 1918 by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the 1 Army of the Eastern Front and included Samara, Simbirsk and Sengiley volunteer units. 18 November 1918 of the year The 1-th consolidated Simbirsk infantry division was renamed 24-th Simbirsk rifle division. Guy Dmitrievich Guy (1887-1937) was appointed the first division commander, who gave her a name. In fact, the divisional commander was called Haik Bzhishkyants. A native of Persian Tabriz and an Armenian by nationality, he was born into a teacher's family, and later moved to Tiflis to receive education at a theological seminary. Since 1904, the young Armenian took part in the activities of the Social Democratic Party. When World War I began, Gaik joined the army as a volunteer and, after graduating from the Tiflis school of instructors and officers, went to the front. There the officer showed great personal courage. He commanded a company staffed by Armenian volunteers and who fought against the Turkish army on the Caucasian front. During the war years, Hayk was able to reach the rank of captain and received three crosses of St. George. After the October Revolution, the Armenian revolutionary, for obvious reasons, found himself in the ranks of the fighting Red Army. It was with such a heroic divisional commander that the hero of our article served. Naturally, Casriel Rudin himself, who served in the division as assistant commander of a machine-gun company, did not lag behind the divisional commander for courage. By the way, along with Rudin, another Red Army soldier served in Guy's division, who became much more famous - George Zhukov. In the battle on the White River, in which Guy's Iron Division took part, the assistant commander of a machine-gun company, Kasriel Rudin, was seriously wounded by shell fragments - in the head and in the arm, lost three fingers on his right hand. The wounded Red Army man returned to Vitebsk, where he married Evgenia Sokolova, who became his only wife until the end of his life. For his valiant participation in the Civil War, Kasriel Rudin was awarded a cavalry saber and a nominal pistol.
Twenty years on operational work
After demobilization from the ranks of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army, Kasriel Rudin began serving in the police. Then, in 1921, the Soviet police only took the first steps. It was a very difficult time - the Civil War was still raging, cities and villages of Russia were devastated by military operations, numerous gangs were operating in them - both ordinary criminals and deserters, and politicized supporters of the old regime or powerlessness. It was difficult to stop the criminal lawlessness of the newly formed Soviet militia - the lack of experience, poor preparation, and useless weaponry affected. In some counties, the police almost had no firearms. weapons. Yes, and served in the police most often or very young guys, or older people, suitable for non-combat service, or disabled people of war. But, despite the many difficulties, the Soviet police strengthened with each month of its existence, made new victories over crime. And the most important role in this belonged to the first generation of Soviet law enforcement officers, to which Rudin belonged. It was about them - the operas of the first post-revolutionary years - that later the immortal works “The Tale of the Criminal Investigation”, “The Green Van”, “The Probation Period” and many others were created. The formation of the Soviet criminal investigation department began at the end of the year 1918. 5 October 1918 of the NKVD of the USSR approved the "Regulations on the organization of criminal investigation departments." In accordance with the Regulations, in the settlements of the RSFSR, in order to protect the revolutionary order, by secretly investigating crimes of a criminal nature and combating banditry, at all provincial departments of the Soviet workers 'and peasants' militia in cities both county and populated with population not less than 40 000 - 45 000 residents of the criminal investigation department. The created criminal investigation department was subordinated to the Central Criminal Investigation Department, which was part of the Main Directorate of Workers 'and Peasants' Militia of the NKVD of the RSFSR.
Kasriel Rudin began his service in the criminal investigation department of Vitebsk - the city where his teenage and young years passed. In Vitebsk, the provincial police department was established on August 15, 1918. He was placed in the building of the former governor's palace, in which several rooms were allocated to police officers. As in other regions of the RSFSR, in Vitebsk, the provincial administration included railway, water and industrial police as subdivisions. And the disclosure of crimes of a criminal nature was entrusted to the provincial criminal investigation department, which was included in the police in 1923. Of course, Vitebsk was not Odessa, Rostov or Moscow, but even here the confusion of the Civil War made itself felt. On the territory of the city and its environs there were dangerous gangs of criminal criminals, which created many problems for the population of the province. The police had to make a lot of efforts to end the gangs of Tsvetkov, Vorobyov, Ruzhinsky, Korunny, Gromov, Agafonchik and other dangerous criminals once and for all. After serving in the Vitebsk criminal investigation department, Rudin was transferred to Simferopol. The Crimean police also had a hard time - they had to wage a tense battle with the criminal elements that flooded the Soviet Crimea. In addition, in Crimea there was a difficult operational situation along the line of counterintelligence - the peninsula always aroused interest among foreign intelligence services, since it was the base of the Soviet fleet and had a strategic location. Criminal investigation officers also had to participate in the capture of spies. Over the years of work in the criminal investigation department of Vitebsk and Simferopol, Ryazan and Saratov, Casriel Rudin, who was called Konstantin for "simplicity," was encouraged sixteen times for his exemplary service. A dashing civilian fighter, he was a "plowman" of the criminal investigation department. Do not count the criminals caught with the direct participation of Rudin. In 1936-1939 Kasriel Rudin headed the criminal investigation department of Saratov. These were the most stressful years for Soviet police officers. Although, in general, the crime situation in the late 1930-ies. returned to normal and could not even be compared with the situation of the beginning of 1920's, the life of Soviet policemen was overshadowed by the not always justified political repression and persecution. Many senior and middle managers of the NKVD of the USSR, among whom were excellent operatives, disappeared without a trace in the second half of the 1930-s. Some of them, of course, by exaggeration and mistakes, he himself reprimanded himself, but many were convicted and shot unreasonably. So, in 1938, Leonid Vul (1899-1938) was shot by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR, in 1933-1937. who headed the Office of the Workers 'and Peasants' Police in Moscow. Shortly before his arrest, Vul was transferred to Saratov to the post of head of the workers 'and peasants' militia department and assistant head of the Saratov department of the NKVD of the USSR. It was in his submission that the hero of our article Rudin was. And - for the small did not share the fate of the chief. Moreover, some people in the political department "sharpened a tooth" for the opera, which did not approve the organization of the fight against hooliganism, the state of party studies, etc. In December, 1938 was arrested by Albert Robertovich Stromnn (Geller, 1902-1939), who served as chief of the NKVD in the Saratov region. Stromin, the son of a German Social Democrat who emigrated to Russia in 1913, was suspected of counter-revolutionary activities. And this is despite the fact that Stromin still 17-year-old young man participated in the Civil War, was wounded during the defense of Yekaterinoslav, and from 1920 he served in the organs of the Cheka-OGPU-NKVD. Major State Security Stromin was shot in 1939 year. Surprisingly, Konstantin Rudin managed to avoid arrest - perhaps it was just that the repression plan in the Saratov UNKVD was executed, and perhaps the professional operative was not touched for purely utilitarian reasons - after all, he was not so much an administrative figure as the real "plowman" who depended on successes of practical activities of Saratov investigation.
At the head of the capital investigation
From the Saratov region Konstantin Rudin transferred to Moscow. Here, in the capital of the Soviet Union, due to the size of the population and the very status of the city, the operational situation was much more complicated than in Saratov. However, the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department (MUR) was famous for its professionalism throughout the country. Konstantin Rudin was to lead the most "elite" division of the Soviet criminal investigation department. The first combat successes of the MUR relate to the very beginning of its existence. Then, in 1918, detectives of the old Moscow criminal investigation, who recognized the Soviet power and agreed to carry out their professional duties further, joined the MUR. It should be noted that no matter how sincerely revolutionary sailors, soldiers, workers, and students, who formed the backbone of the Soviet militia in the first post-revolutionary years, were inclined to fight crime, they could not do without old specialists in operational-search activity. Despite the fact that the attitude to the former Tsarist police officers in Soviet Russia was cool, even the leaders of the Soviet NKVD among professional revolutionaries were well aware of the need to involve specialists from the “old school” in the construction of new Soviet law enforcement agencies. Moreover, unlike gendarmes, the detectives of the criminal investigation almost did not deal with the political opponents of the tsarist regime in their daily activities. Accordingly, party leaders with pre-revolutionary experience practically had no resentment towards them.
However, to lead the criminal investigation put all the same proven people. Such as the first head of the CID Alexander Maximovich Trepalov (1887-1937) - a former Baltic sailor. A native of St. Petersburg, Trepalov, before being drafted into the fleet, worked as a mill in the ship repair plant, served as a galvaner on the armored cruiser Rurik of the Baltic Fleet during the First World War. For the revolutionary activities, Trepalov was put in a floating prison on the ship “Grozny” in Reval, and then dismissed ashore. On land, Alexander Maksimovich fought on the Western and Austrian fronts, and in the fall of 1917, after the October Revolution, he became a member of the St. Petersburg Cheka. In 1918, it was Alexander Trepalov who was appointed the first head of the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department (MOOR). In this position, the former sailor showed himself to be a real master of investigation - and this despite the fact that until 1917, he had no relation to operational search or investigative activities, and indeed to the protection of order, but was an ordinary worker and sailor of the fleet. In 1920, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee awarded Trepalov with the Order of the Red Banner for that period — the highest state award of Soviet Russia for that period.
Konstantin Rudin became the eighth (including Trepalov) chief of the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department. Before him, this post was held by senior police major Viktor Petrovich Ovchinnikov (1898-1938). He was on the post of the main Moscow opera from 1933 to 1938, having managed to uncover the famous “Melekessk case”.
Recall that in December 1936 in the city of Melekess of the Kuybyshev region (now the Samara region) was brutally murdered for the purpose of robbery by the famous teacher Maria Vladimirovna Pronina - a delegate of the Extraordinary VIII All-Union Congress of Soviets, who was also a member of his drafting committee. To investigate the murder in Melekess sent a special brigade MUR, headed by Viktor Petrovich Ovchinnikov. In just three days, the Murovtsy went on the trail of the deputy’s murderers - they turned out to be local criminals Rozov, Fedotov and Eshcherkin. In 1937, the entire criminal trinity, in whose hands there was blood and other victims, was sentenced to be shot and executed. For disclosing the high-profile case, Ovchinnikov was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. But the Kremlin reception at Stalin did not save the senior police major from repression - in 1938, he was arrested and shot. And in such a hectic time, Kasriel Rudin led the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department. By the way, to the question of police ranks. The eye of the modern reader, not familiar with history domestic law enforcement agencies, probably “rezanulo” the title of “senior police major”, which was worn by Rudin’s predecessor as head of MUR Viktor Petrovich Ovchinnikov. In the modern Russian police there is no such title. He was not in the Russian and Soviet militia after the 1943 year. The fact is that before 1943, the Soviet police and state security agencies had their own special ranks, which differed significantly from the army. By order of the NKVD of the USSR No. 157 of 5 of May 1936, the following special ranks of commanding and private personnel were introduced in the workers' and peasant militia: 1) police officer, 2) senior police officer, 3) separate police commander, 4) police police officer, 5) police detachment, 6) 7) police sergeant, 8) junior police lieutenant, 9) police lieutenant, 10) police senior lieutenant, 11) police captain, 12) police major, 13) police senior major, 14) police inspector, 15) police director, police officer, 1936) police major, 1943) police officer, 1930) chief police officer. We see that those police ranks that are identical with the army, in fact, are one step higher than the army. Thus, the title of "senior police major" in fact was general and corresponded to the military rank of "division commander" in the Red Army. The title of “police major”, which at the time of his appointment as the head of the Moscow Criminal Investigation Commission was carried by Kasriel Rudin, was similar to the army rank of “brigade commander”. In modern Russia, brigade commanders most often bear the military rank of “colonel,” but in a number of foreign countries there is the title of “brigadier general,” located between the colonel and the major general. Here you can compare with him the commander of the Red Army or police major in XNUMX-XNUMX. Thus, already at the end of the XNUMX-s, the position of head of the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department corresponded to the general's rank, the degree of responsibility in this position was equally high.
Despite his high position, Kasriel Rudin personally participated in many high-profile MUR operations, although he risked his own life, while he could send subordinates. In particular, Rudin personally left with his operatives subordinate to him to Yaroslavl, where a dangerous criminal who had fled from Moscow was hiding. In Yaroslavl, Murovtsy learned that the gangster is hiding in a hotel in the city. Then, Kasriel Rudin ordered his subordinates to block the escape routes, and he alone went into the room of the criminal. The latter grabbed a gun and began to retreat backwards. He shot at the approaching Rudin, but did not hit. The head of MUR managed to convince the criminal to drop the weapon and detain him. There were many such episodes in the life of Kasriel Rudin.
Threat in the war years
On June 22, 1941, after the treacherous attack of Nazi Germany on the Soviet Union, the Great Patriotic War began. For several months, the Nazi forces managed to significantly advance deep into Soviet territory. The battles were fought in the suburbs, there was a very significant risk that the enemies would break into Moscow. In this difficult environment, I had to be doubly vigilant. A significant part of the responsibilities for catching spies, enemy saboteurs, and traitors from the local population was assigned to the employees of the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department. Also, police officers, the criminal investigation department, together with workers of the Krasny Proletary printing house, watch factory, radio committee employees, students of the Institute of Physical Education, students of the Industrial Academy, high school students, employees of a number of people's commissariats, became part of the fighter motorized rifle regiment, formed in October 1941 and heroically fighting on the fronts of World War II in 1941-1945. The fighter regiment was tasked with operating in the immediate rear of the Nazis, destroying the enemy’s manpower and military equipment, destroying its infrastructure and rear services, destroying transport communications and communication lines, and carrying out intelligence functions. Only from November 13, 1941 to January 31, 1942, the regiment sent 104 battle groups to the rear of the enemy. Soldiers of the regiment destroyed 1016 Nazi soldiers and officers in two months, 6 tanks and 46 enemy vehicles, 1 artillery gun, mined 8 highways, blew up three warehouses and a car repair base, destroyed two bridges, cut off enemy communication lines in 440 places.
The leadership of the MUR was instructed to form special groups from the most active and trained operational staff to be deployed to the front as reconnaissance and sabotage units. The chief of the criminal investigation department of Moscow, police major Rudin, summoned his subordinates. It was necessary to create a partisan group for operations behind enemy lines on the territory of the Ruzsky and Novo-Petrovsky districts. Looking around the staff, the Civil War veteran Rudin selected the most trained. He appointed the senior detective Viktor Kolesov as the commander of the detachment, and Mikhail Nemtsov as the commissar of the detachment. The detachment consisted of about thirty people and raided the location of enemy bases. During one of these raids, the detachment commander, police sergeant Kolesov, died - he fell in battle with the Nazis on November 16, 1941, covering up the withdrawal of his colleagues. In Moscow itself, completely non-core tasks took shape at the MUR - for example, extinguishing fires that began after Hitler’s bombing aviation. In addition, the Murovtsy regularly identified and detained deserters, Hitler’s signalmen and scouts, paratroopers and saboteurs. The head of the MUR, police major Rudin personally took part in the deployment of reconnaissance and sabotage groups to the rear of the Nazi troops. During one of such operations, a German sniper nearly shot him - Rudina was saved by the selflessness of his subordinate.
What tasks the Moscow operatives had to solve at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, this case testifies. At Kazan station, a group of police officers patrolled and checked documents. Senior security officer Moore Weiner approached to verify the documents to the man in the form of the captain of the Red Army. The officer had everything in order with the documents, but there was no conventional sign on the travel certificate. The operatives suspected something was wrong and invited the captain to proceed to the duty military commandant of the station. The captain was asked to show personal weapons and documents to him. The officer calmly laid out a revolver "revolver" and a certificate. However, at this moment he tried to swallow some piece of paper. The operatives pulled it out of the hands of a soldier - it turned out that this was a receipt from the station's storage cell. Naturally, after this, it became clear to the Morovites that the officer was not the one for whom he claimed to be. The captain was searched and they found a pistol "Walter", in his boots - hidden documents with seals of various military units. In the suitcase, which the operatives took away from the locker room, there were three million rubles and a pack of documents. Everything cleared up - a resident of German intelligence stood in front of the Murov people, who were instructed to establish contact with the scouts operating on the Moscow railway. Spy handed over to counterintelligence. And this is by no means the only such case in the activities of the Moscow criminal order in the years of the Great Patriotic War. In addition to the search for spies, the tasks of identifying and apprehending deserters and people evading mobilization also lay on the Murovtsy people. In the multimillion Moscow there were a lot of such people, especially since people from other cities flocked here. To identify such elements as part of the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department, a special unit was created, which was in close contact with the transport police, district police officers, military commandant's offices, house managements, Komsomol and party organizations. Murovtsi also contributed to ensuring compliance with the passport regime in Moscow, which was also of great importance in difficult war years.
Since the size of the operational staff of MUR was significantly reduced due to the dispatch of many of the best employees to the front, double volumes of load were laid on the rest. Moreover, in the hungry war years the crime situation in the city worsened. So, in Moscow, criminal gangs appeared, industrial armed attacks on food stores and warehouses, bases. When Hitler's troops approached Moscow, speculators and criminals became more active on the streets of the city, and acts of looting began. The police received additional wartime rights, in particular, the right to shoot looters at the crime scene, without trial or investigation. On the Vosstaniya Square, a group of criminals seized cars with equipment from factories that were going to be evacuated to the east of the country, and were about to leave Moscow on these machines. A detachment of officers from the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department immediately moved to the scene of the incident. Murovtsy shot criminals with machine guns, an attempt to hijack vehicles with valuable equipment was prevented.
In addition to robberies and robberies, there have been frequent cases of fraud and forgery of ration cards. A very common offense is theft of ration cards. The thieves condemned their victims to hunger, as it was almost impossible to get food without cards. In this situation, the Murovtsi always rushed to the aid of Muscovites. In particular, it was possible to catch a certain citizen Ovchinnikova, who stole more than 60 food cards. Despite the difficult situation, the MUR officers coped brilliantly with their service. Thus, only in the second half of 1941, in Moscow, 90% of the murders that occurred and 83% of burglaries were uncovered. Order in the city was established by tough but fair methods.
The famous operation of MUR was the return of the German cryptographic apparatus. The trophy apparatus disappeared during transportation in a military truck in the fall of 1941. The counterintelligence agents, for whom the apparatus was of great interest, turned for help to the criminal investigation officers. The search operation for the missing cryptographic apparatus was headed by the deputy head of the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department Georgy (Gregory) Tynner - a man no less legendary than his boss Rudin. A twentieth-century peer, Tynner began serving in the Moscow police in 1917. The young high school student came to the criminal investigation unit of the 2-th Tver police station to get a job. Soon, despite his young age, yesterday's high school student became deputy chief of the police commissariat for the criminal investigation unit, and in 1919, he was invited to work at the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department. For more than twenty years of service, he has gone from a criminal investigation agent to the deputy head of the Moscow criminal investigation department. Tylner participated in the seizure of the famous gang Koshelkov, who organized the attack and robbery of the car of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. Tylner and his subordinates began working on versions of the loss of the encryption machine. They interviewed the officers accompanying the apparatus and drove to the route followed by the car. During the trip, the investigators noticed how the boys on skates, equipped with special wire hooks, pulled the knots out of a passing car on the street. Soon the teenagers were detained, the identity of the boy who stole the encryption machine was established. The employees of MUR moved to the place indicated by them - the basement of a vegetable shop, where the boy threw the car as unnecessary, and took out the device. After Tynler managed to track down the stolen encryption machine, the convoy escorting it escaped the one-hundred-percent tribunal. In October, 1941, Mr. Rudin and Tynlner, directed the elimination of the dangerous gang of the Shablov brothers. The gang consisted of fifteen people who were engaged in armed attacks on food depots in Moscow. In 1942, the Moscow detectives neutralized another gang, a certain Gypsy, under whose command ten criminals gathered. "Gypsy" specialized in burglaries, cleaning the apartments of evacuees or residents of the Soviet capital who had gone to the front. Of course, there were many such criminal groups in Moscow military. Only in 1942-1943. Murovtsi managed to detain ten gangs specializing in burglary.
last years of life
However, despite the difficult operational situation in Moscow and the ongoing hostilities, the internal struggle in the law enforcement agencies of the USSR and the state security bodies did not stop. Someone did not like the activities of Rudin as head of the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department. At the same time, there were no complaints about the power against Kasriel Mendelevich. He was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Red Star, the Red Banner, the Badge of Honor, the medal For the Defense of Moscow. In March 1943, Kasriel Mendelevich Rudin was given the special title of “Police Commissioner of the Third Rank”. Note that in February 1943 of the year, in accordance with the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR "On the titles of commanding officers of the NKVD and the police" from 09.02.1943, in the Soviet police were established titles, identical titles in the Red Army. Only the ranks of the commanding officers of the militia differed from the army — the ranks of the police commissioners 1, 2 and 3 were introduced, corresponding to the rank of colonel-general, lieutenant-general and major-general. Thus, in 1943, Kasriel Rudin became, if we draw analogies with the modern hierarchy of ranks, the major general of the police.
However, despite his high rank, Kasriel Rudin did not manage to retain the leading position in the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department. At the end of 1943, he was criticized by the higher authorities for allegedly worsening of the operational situation in Moscow. In fact, given the war years, the crime situation remained tense in all cities and towns of the Soviet Union, not only in Moscow. But this was not taken into account by those who wanted to remove Rudin from the post of head of the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department. In April, the 1943 of Rudin was dismissed from the post of the head of MUR. Colonel Leonid Rasskazov, a militia colonel who also joined the criminal investigation department at the very beginning of his existence as a student at the Institute of Railway Engineers, became a new head of the Soviet capital investigation. However, Rasskazov held the position of head of MUR for only a few months - until December 1943. In 1944, the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department was headed by police commissar of the third rank Alexander Urusov, who previously headed the Office of Workers 'and Peasants' Militia in the Sverdlovsk Region. Alexander Mikhailovich Urusov was the head of MUR for six years, until 1950.
The commissioner of police of the third rank, Rudin, was transferred to the post of head of the Astrakhan Police Department. It is clear that this post was an “honorary exile” - on the one hand, Rudin, considering his great merits, did not want to offend and therefore was appointed to a high management position - not even the head of the criminal investigation department, but the head of the Police Department, but on the other hand - service in Moscow and service in provincial Astrakhan still lay a gulf. Moreover, the title in which Rudin was located did not correspond to his new position. Indeed, in Astrakhan the police were far less numerous than in Moscow. Naturally, the transfer to the province affected the health of Kasriel Mendelevich. Soon, due to deteriorating state of health, Rudin, a third-level police commissioner, was recalled from Astrakhan and appointed head of a special assignment department at the USSR General Police Department. It is clear that this appointment was also a kind of “honorable” - they did not want to get rid of the highly professional and honored policeman, who was still young, but took into account his state of health and did not want to put him in a laborious and responsible position. In the spring of 1945, Kasriel Rudin returned from a trip to the Baltic States in a painful state. He felt very bad, with a high fever, and was hospitalized right from the train. 8 April 1945, Kasriel Mendelevich Rudin died on 48's year of life. The cause of death of the police commissioner was cirrhosis of the liver. The legendary Murovets was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery of Moscow. Kasriel Rudin did not manage to see the post-war Soviet Union, to meet and celebrate the Great Victory, to which he certainly made a great contribution, although he did not personally participate in the hostilities. By the way, the brother of Kasriel Rudin, Jacob Rudin, also worked in the police - he headed the passport office at the Police Department of Kerch and died during the war, defending Kerch from gunmen in arms. Son Kasriel Rudin Boris Kasrielevich Rudin also participated in the Great Patriotic War.
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