The French are not the Americans: the war

59
The French are not the Americans: the war


Actual carrier connection fleet France’s Russian-Syrian military operation against the caliphate gives many military analysts reason to consider the participation of the Fifth Republic in the ground operation against ISIS not only as possible, but also as probable.

Indeed, in the skies of Syria, the French are unlikely to be able to show such that would eclipse the attacks of the Russian Tu-160 or Caliber missiles - despite the fact that in fact the only practical purpose of connecting the French armed forces is to give the voter the necessary calming television the picture, providing it with verifiable reports about the successes on the front of the fight against terrorists.

A ground operation remains - everyone is fighting with everyone in the region, and there will be a place for another player in a ground operation. It is especially important that there are no Americans here - and the French will not have to fall under their formal or informal command, as in Afghanistan itself. This means that the task of showing the Frenchman in the street independence and military power can be solved to the full, without regard to the position of the Pentagon.

These arguments have caused quite a few publications in specialized military analytical publications of the United States regarding the fact that, as the Americans unexpectedly discovered, the French are fighting different ways in hybrid wars - and, in general, achieve success.

The French military has a bad reputation in the American general political press, associated with the traditional superficiality of such a press. This reputation is built from historical events such as the swift defeat by Nazi Germany in World War II and the colonial defeat at Dien Bien Phu.

However, military analysts have the opposite opinion of the modern French army: the French, from their point of view, "are among the best."

There is a French way of waging a hybrid war, which combines the lack of desire in France to spend large military resources and a clear calculation of the balance of objectives and sufficient tools to achieve it. They specialize in carefully planned and, as a rule, small but tough operations, often unofficial. Yes, the military of the Fifth Republic can go on a large-scale operation, but only if they receive resources from the US and other allies. So it was in Afghanistan, for example, where the French simply refused to participate in the planning of operations and actually transferred the command (and responsibility) to the US. But they build their own operations quite differently than the American army and navy.

Analysts examined in detail the military intervention of France in the Central African Republic in March 2007 years to stop fast moving attack rebel group the Sudanese border.

Then the French were limited to using a single (sic!) Strike Fighter, and the two groups of paratroopers total of no more than a few dozen, who landed in the combat zone in the town of Birao. From a military point of view, what the French did pinprick, but the planning and organization were perfect, and it was enough to destroy the rebel offensive.

The level of preparation of the operation, experts note, shows the use of paratroopers, and not airmobile forces. Airborne attacks are more dangerous for the enemy, but more risky for the attackers - there is no opportunity to strengthen or evacuate lightly armed fighters in an emergency.

The French military, moreover, did all this quietly and unnoticed. The first reports in the French press appeared only a few weeks later and were strictly metered.

French intervention in Mali in January 2013 years also clearly showed all the signs of a very different than the US, the way of doing a hybrid war.

The French then demonstrated a high class of combined-arms operation and "joint" fire and maneuvering capabilities with poorly trained and almost without communications and control of local forces.

They competently used everything at hand - their special forces and the usual forces of the local army, outdated Tanks and untrained militia infantry, own high-precision artillery, attack helicopters and assault Aviation - while being able to organize a single command and tactical maneuvering. And all this in the most severe climate of tropical and desert Africa, when tank columns had to be stopped simply because the mechanics fell from heat stroke in obsolete cars. The French even had to rush to order new soldier's boots - ordinary tropical melted from the heat.

All this does not mean a banal deficit. The French military are very consciously planning operations based on their compact size and reasonable sufficiency in resources. In addition - and almost all observers note this - the French military, unlike the Americans, perceive the expansion of the mission very negatively and do not want to participate in such things as “national construction”, leaving the won battlefield to politicians.

In Mali, for example, the French military positioned themselves as a system for the destruction of several terrorist groups. But that's all they did. They refused to participate in anything else, such as restoring public order in Mali or participating in a conflict between various armed insurgent groups in Mali and the authorities of the state. Of course, this caused reproaches that the French military did not do much, what Mali needed, but the French strictly adhered to their policies and did not lose in the end - the most colorful and unpredictable government that received power eventually became their ally a priori.

The French, remarked by American military analysts, and learned to use America simply as a “local resource.”

Based on their experience with the US operations in Afghanistan, Libya, Mali, Somalia, the French have developed a strategy of how to work with the Americans.
They clearly know what they can most easily get from the United States, and what to do with it, namely: refueling, reconnaissance, surveillance and satellite tracking (ISR), large cargo planes, such as the C-17. The Americans give it simply and willingly - it is not connected with sending troops, it is not connected with personal risk for the US military that allows you to organize such support much easier, on a "technical" level.
The French will never ask for US Marines or air support or strikes. drones - simply because they understand: there will be much more harm and difficulties from such “help”.

It is difficult to say whether the French behave differently in relation to cooperation with the Russian. However it is possible to observe that judge the effectiveness of the Army of the Fifth Republic need not by its participation in the American operation in Afghanistan, and for its own operations in recent years in Africa.
And the success of these operations, command respect.
59 comments
Information
Dear reader, to leave comments on the publication, you must sign in.
  1. +6
    24 November 2015 08: 36
    in fact, the only practical purpose of connecting the armed forces of France is to give the voter the right calming television picture

    The picture, namely the picture and the French cannot add anything else. It was never worth expecting more from them, dust in the eyes and nothing more. More importantly, they should not get in the way under the feet of those who are actually able to solve such difficult issues of achieving peace in this long-suffering land of Syria.
    1. +3
      24 November 2015 08: 38
      Quote: venaya
      in fact, the only practical purpose of connecting the armed forces of France is to give the voter the right calming television picture

      The picture, namely the picture and the French cannot add anything else.



      The French military have a bad reputation in the American general political press, due to the superficiality of the traditional press. This reputation is built on historical events, such as the rapid defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II and the defeat of the colonial era in Dien Bien Phu.


      Quite intelligible, albeit one-sided.
      1. +3
        24 November 2015 09: 57
        Are these the praises of the French army? And only on the basis of several relatively small special operations of its high-tech forces against various African rebels? Generally not serious. Their army is certainly not bad, but seriously, after Vietnam, they didn’t really fight anywhere, i.e. already 60 years old. Although, I believe that the French foreign legion in its entirety, with the support of its own and our aviation, could well solve the problem of the Isis in Syria and Iraq.
        1. +2
          24 November 2015 11: 52
          How did you not fight? Locals were chased throughout Africa - Algeria, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Morocco. Plus in the Desert Storm we rode, even on tanks.
      2. +3
        24 November 2015 13: 59
        One of the versions of "Yankee Doodle" sounds like this:
        "An Englishman will beat two Frenchmen or Spaniards.
        Yankee Doodle will do it - he will put all three of them down with his finger. "
        It's like the American version of our song "But from Moscow to the British seas, the Red Army is the strongest."
        That's all analytics.
    2. +1
      24 November 2015 10: 31
      Quote: venaya
      The picture, namely the picture and the French cannot add anything else.

      I'm afraid everything is much deeper than it seems.
      On the actions of France and co. need to look wider so to speak.
      My opinion is that this whole attack was carried out under the clear guidance of the special services.
      Many media outlets have alleged that this attack was an exact copy of the September 11 attack in the United States.
      Just did not mention in what form it is an exact copy.
      As I think, an exact copy for untying hands, when invading Syria, Iraq. As is the case with the United States, this is exactly one to one.
      Now, only the lazy did not talk about joint actions with the Navy and the Russian Air Forces, about the fact that the actions of the Western coalition are very similar to the actions of the Allies in the 44th year of the last century, that is, not to allow the Russian Federation to completely liberate Syria, and as a result have the moral right to act throughout Syria by its own rules. So, the West did not come up with anything new, they play according to the old rules, now they stir up muds with the Kurds, they quickly cook up the opposition, Let's see what happens next, then it will be clear to whom the terrorist attack in France was beneficial.
      1. +1
        24 November 2015 11: 23
        Quote: Sirocco
        On the actions of France and co. need to look wider so to speak.
        My opinion is all this attack was carried out under the clear guidance of special services.
        Many media published this attack is an exact copy of the September 11 attack in the United States.
        ... a replica for untying hands when invading Syria, Iraq. As is the case with the United States, this is exactly one to one.

        It's hard to disagree with you, with the exception of one thing: this whole scheme has been operating for at least a thousand years, starting with the "crusades" organized by the Priory Zion order back in the XNUMXth century, and people are led to this every time, just like a crowd. ... That is, this scheme has been worked out to the smallest detail, and when I look at the number of cons, I clearly understand that even now, here on the site, there are too many such people, which causes genuine surprise and even alarm.
  2. +2
    24 November 2015 08: 39
    Enlightened a little relative to the French sun soldier
  3. +4
    24 November 2015 08: 41
    "... the participation of the Fifth Republic in the ground operation ..."
    And, not too presumptuous option ?! And Assad asked them about it ?! And, under FABs will not please ?! Or the "team" will act and rush, like dear ones, to seek adventure on the Fifth Point ?!
    1. +1
      24 November 2015 09: 17
      and on her own operations in recent years in Africa.
      And the success of these operations, command respect.


      Welcome to the ground operation.
      But there is one thing, but this is not Africa, but Syria and the players are too, and most importantly, not quite controlled (Iran and Russia). Therefore, for such a confident positive assessment of the ground operation, I think there is no reason, the losses may be unacceptable. After all, there is no certainty that due to French intervention, the United States and the Arab monarchies will stop supporting the so-called moderate opposition, and whether Iran and Russia will cooperate with such an opposition is a big question.
      Well, as Bonaparte said, "The main thing is to get involved in a fight......", So you are welcome.
      1. +1
        24 November 2015 10: 21
        Quote: user
        Welcome to the ground operation.
        But there is one thing, but this is not Africa, but Syria and the players are too, and most importantly, not quite controlled (Iran and Russia). Therefore, for such a confident positive assessment of the ground operation, I think there is no reason, the losses may be unacceptable.

        -----------------------
        Syria is their former colony, and they know very well how to act in colonies. For some reason, Algeria was not remembered here, where they fought for a long time and which is the main "territory of French influence", so to speak ... As for the Americans, yes, they are more troublesome, they can bomb the allies in full (friendly fire) and even squealing The radios will not stop them, in half an hour the headquarters will figure it out ...
    2. +8
      24 November 2015 09: 20
      Sorry, dear, but you seem to have missed one small detail, which was clearly expressed by Syrian President Assad that only those who have a mandate from the UN Security Council, an invitation from Syria or jointly with Russia can participate in the operation against the "bando-caliphate" in Syria (if she agrees), and everything else is aggression against sovereign Syria! And how France knows how to cooperate with Russia, it would not hurt to recall the legendary Normandie-Niemen and the deeds of the Great Patriot of France Charles de Gaulle! And the fact that Russia and France met in the battles of 1812-14. guilt primarily of the Anglo-Saxons and their vile policies!
      1. 0
        24 November 2015 10: 33
        Do not forget the 150 thousand SS legionnaires who defended Berlin))
    3. +1
      24 November 2015 09: 49
      Quote: Decathlon
      "... the participation of the Fifth Republic in the ground operation ..."

      Nonsense is, by and large, all this participation .. Putin’s negotiations in Iran are more important today and most likely about the participation of the Persians in the ground operation, because no matter how many bombs are won without victory on earth .. Assad does not have enough forces and means, we too constrained by a mass of factors, but the Iranians have stagnated for all these and may very well show ISIS .. in exchange for weapons and other chocolate bars ..
  4. +5
    24 November 2015 08: 42
    They will not go on a ground operation in Syria. Operations in Mali and Syria are two big differences, they will fall under the hand. These are not "a few terrorist groups" at zero, we are talking about thousands of militants.
    1. +2
      24 November 2015 08: 56
      French foreign legion no one closed hi will land in Iraq, cut off several heads of terrorists, show on TV and dump Yes
      1. +2
        24 November 2015 09: 28
        Well, if only so, work on the camera. For a full-blown operation, the gut will be thin.
        1. +2
          24 November 2015 09: 33
          I agree, full-scale will not pull drinks
    2. The comment was deleted.
  5. +8
    24 November 2015 08: 46
    The guest is the hostess of the hotel:
    - And what is this strange stain on the ceiling in my room?
    - You see, a chemist lived here before you ...
    - Is that a chemical stain !?
    - No, from the chemist.
  6. +6
    24 November 2015 08: 47
    Another throwing old article! The French can, but will not! They just need to work out after the terrorist attacks in Paris. And if they start to get involved, then most likely Holland America will squeeze.
    1. +2
      24 November 2015 09: 32
      Quote: dchegrinec
      The French may but will not


      They may and do not want to - mean bastards!
      And if you want but can not, then impotent))
    2. 0
      24 November 2015 12: 29
      Quote: dchegrinec
      Another throwing old article! The French can, but will not! They just need to work out after the terrorist attacks in Paris. And if they start to get involved, then most likely Holland America will squeeze.


      As old Voltaire used to say: "I do not share your point of view, but I am ready to die for it."
      They can, but they will be forgotten ... and they won’t be. It will end with verbal rhetoric and actions from an aircraft carrier. The French are the French - the masters of their word (wanted - gave, wanted - taken back), remember the next story with the notorious Mistrals and the clowning of the same Hollande.
      1. 0
        24 November 2015 22: 44
        Quote: Lelek
        As old Voltaire used to say: "I do not share your point of view, but I am ready to die for it."


        He never said such bullshit! wassat
        IRL he said "I do not share your point of view, but I am ready to die for Your right to express it!"
  7. +3
    24 November 2015 08: 49
    Quote: Decathlon
    "... the participation of the Fifth Republic in the ground operation ..."
    And, not too presumptuous option ?! And Assad asked them about it ?! And, under FABs will not please ?! Or the "team" will act and rush, like dear ones, to seek adventure on the Fifth Point ?!

    ground operation is not only the territory of Syria, but also Iraq. As for whether Assad asked or not, this is not so important, especially now that a decision has been made at the UN level. Yes, and Assad is beneficial that not only his troops fought in a ground operation. In addition, it is very unlikely that all this will end very soon. So let them fight, there will be no harm
  8. +7
    24 November 2015 08: 50
    The French have always been pragmatists. It seems that they have already begun to "use" us.
  9. +2
    24 November 2015 08: 50
    Well, what a completely competent approach.
  10. +1
    24 November 2015 08: 51
    And that the author does not remember the French operation in Somalia .... laughing even strange ... laughing
  11. +1
    24 November 2015 08: 52
    I quote: "It is difficult to say: will the French be able to behave differently in relation to cooperation with the Russians". I probably overlooked something. And that the French were allowed to enter into cooperation with the Russians? The analogy between the Syrian history and the former French colonies in Africa is inappropriate, because the overseas brother has no interests there NOW. Unlike Syria, which the United States considers sphere of their interests, and where the US itself created chaos in order to knock Russia out of the last friendly state in the Arab world. Yes, the US will be allowed, as the author rightly believes, to make several flights "for a television picture", but no more. Whoever disagrees, let him remember history with the Mistrals.
    1. +1
      24 November 2015 10: 26
      Quote: mikh-korsakov
      And that the French were allowed to enter into cooperation with the Russians?

      Putin gave the green light to cooperation. Didn’t watch the reports after the first application of YES?
  12. +2
    24 November 2015 08: 55
    the author really subtly observes the main difference between the French soldiers and the American ...
    1. +1
      24 November 2015 12: 38
      Quote: Volka
      the author really subtly observes the main difference between the French soldiers and the American ...


      Well, they have different tasks. For the French - "a little revenge", and for the Yankees - "to spoil as much as possible, throw mud at the nasty Russians, and have time to share the pie (preferably in the first row)." bully
  13. +1
    24 November 2015 08: 58
    France, the second after Russia, from non-Middle Eastern countries, received a blow from the Islamic State, Oland is not a stupid person, he probably understands that poking Arab apartments in French cities will bring little effect, militants will hide in minks for a while, and how everything calms down will crawl out and everything will start all over again, so I’m forced to send my group to Syria, otherwise uncomfortable questions will be asked, such as: What did you do to prevent this from happening again?
    The United States is apparently waiting for "its own terrorist attacks" to begin "seriously working."
  14. +5
    24 November 2015 09: 00
    Nourishing illusions is not worth it. The French, as they were under the United States, remained, the control and coordination of the French Air Force still goes with the direct participation of NATO / USA, starting from reconnaissance. information that NATO transfers to the French, ending with the coordination of goals with the United States, so everything is the same here. I would draw your attention here to a completely different point, namely, to the statement of the Chief of Staff of the French Armed Forces Pierre de Villiers, he not long ago said that "there is no coordination between the French Air Force and the Russian Aerospace Forces," and not the fact that it will be, it is one thing to establish contact so as not to shoot down each other (in the air), at sea, but quite another joint flights for previously agreed purposes. This is where the line lies between legal and illegal bombings, if the French Air Force does not coordinate its actions with the actions of the Syrian Army or with the actions of the Russian Aerospace Forces, then this will mean a violation of international law.
  15. 0
    24 November 2015 09: 01
    Yes, yes, the French paratroopers are just great (damn nn, then Russian !!!). They will not strain, and they "harnessed" only to designate the outstanding role of the fifth republic in the defeat of ISIS.
    1. 0
      24 November 2015 09: 31
      Their landings have unhealthy garbage - they land with their backs to the enemy bully
    2. The comment was deleted.
  16. +3
    24 November 2015 09: 02
    The military of France have a bad reputation in the American general political press, associated with the superficiality traditional for such a press.


    The American press has a habit of writing beautifully about only one army - the American one. The only difference is whether he observes at least the appearance of decency or lies recklessly. Otherwise, as you yourself understand, the financial source tends to dry out, because it is not only analytics, but also advertising. An advertisement of a force capable of maintaining world order and an advertisement of weapons with broad export prospects. But I must say that the French, if you follow the published opinions of experts, are quite skeptical about the level of training and combat effectiveness of the eternal "rescuers of mankind." They do this, of course, rather carefully and more in hints, but the trend is building up a certain one and the irony is heard quite clearly.
    1. +1
      24 November 2015 09: 28
      To the point, five balls and a bunch of +++++! And one more "small detail", like a pea for a princess, for the United States there is an unpleasant memory of how the President of the Fifth Republic, General Charles de Gaulle, escorted them out of France together with NATO! Therefore, there is no special trust between them! And despite the "history with Mistrals "France and Russia will still be friends sooner or later, and this is the first" little step "! And as the cat Matroskin from "Prostokvashino" said: "... nothing brings together like joint work for my benefit ..."! (And the general benefit is to jointly eliminate all the consequences of "controlled chaos" organized by the United States in the Middle East)
  17. -1
    24 November 2015 09: 04
    #Russian T-90 A in #Aleppo, the first Russian ground operations just started
    1. 0
      24 November 2015 12: 43
      Quote: starwars
      #Russian T-90 A in #Aleppo, the first Russian ground operations just started


      Vasi, did you even say you understood? Do not beat the bread at the nickname. bully
  18. 0
    24 November 2015 09: 13
    I think that Assad not only does not mind, but even asked the French to "take revenge" a little.
    1. 0
      24 November 2015 09: 37
      I'm not sure that Assad could "ask" ..... the Arabs, that is to say the Syrians, a persistent aversion to the French.
  19. 0
    24 November 2015 09: 19
    The first hints of a ground operation already exist: coordination of the actions of the French and ours, and another question is how the French are guided in choosing targets for air strikes. It is possible that their special forces ALREADY operate and the French from the air ALREADY support them. And it is easier for them to coordinate with us: the Foreign Legion most likely acts there, and there are a lot of people from the Union in it !!!!
  20. +3
    24 November 2015 09: 27
    Contribution to the fight against ISIS somewhere like this
  21. +5
    24 November 2015 09: 30
    Yes, let them participate ... we are in any case a plus. They won’t get into our space. Barmalei will be more nervous. At sea they can block the export of Igilov oil. Although they are friends, but still not themselves. It means at least somehow but they will fight. And every French bomb dropped on target is a saving for us.
    1. 0
      24 November 2015 09: 37
      Quote: Barkhan
      at least they’ll start to fight, and every French bomb dropped on target is a saving for us.


      Key phrase "on target" ...
    2. 0
      24 November 2015 10: 31
      Quote: Barkhan
      They will not climb into our space

      Nevertheless, they are unlikely to miss the opportunity to explore our closer. All the same, France is NATO.
      1. +3
        24 November 2015 16: 51
        NATO, to put it mildly, is a heterogeneous substance ... It only seems from the outside that it is a monolith ... And with a very big nix they will crawl like cockroaches through cracks. It's one thing to bomb camels with impunity, and quite another to receive a weighty "return" a bunch of variegated, hardly tolerating formations ... And whether they will all fight, for example, for Turkey, we will soon see ...
  22. +1
    24 November 2015 09: 35
    This makes no sense. "Super French" will win everyone)))
  23. 0
    24 November 2015 09: 40
    The paddlers decided to cling to our successes in defeating ISIS in Syria.
  24. 0
    24 November 2015 09: 43
    And there is no place in Syria for "pin" operations.
    Too there everything is serious and too many experienced, broken warriors with trunks of all systems.
    Will not produce a furore jacket ...
    Ground French operation in Syria ???? belay
  25. Hiw
    0
    24 November 2015 09: 43
    how efficient the French are of course it matters but much more important in this situation - what do they need ???? what are the true goals of the French government and how much this government can make its own decisions, and it seems to me that all decisions will be with an eye on England and America, it seems that before the French stop looking back at Uncle Sema, the terrorists will blow up the Eiffel Tower and the Louvre and finally the impudent Arabs French women will be raped right on the streets, and maybe this will not be enough to wake up national identity
  26. 0
    24 November 2015 09: 46
    Further - with Assad they "rattled" a long time ago - Assad must leave ...
    Cho they will do there - I can not imagine ...
    Reliable suppliers Mistraley pancake
    Pure Oland number works out - the war with the crime? request
  27. 0
    24 November 2015 10: 27
    Be that as it may, the French came. It is clear that this is working off the "number", and it is impossible to look back at the Yusov masters to fight, but they came. Although I think the decision was not easy, of course if it is not an attempt by the United States to belittle the role of Russia and its influence.
  28. 0
    24 November 2015 10: 45
    It seems that NATO needed a reason to get into Syria and somehow prevent Russia, or if it doesn’t work out, then cling to the victory. Here are the first messengers, and there the states will catch up ...
    Whoever owns Syria owns the Middle East ... and we will not stand aside ...
  29. 0
    24 November 2015 11: 14
    Yeah, and not so long ago, their special forces in Somalia scrambled such lyuley that he fled, dropping slippers, to Paris. And where was their vaunted planning and knowledge of Africa?
  30. 0
    24 November 2015 11: 27
    I doubt that the paddling pools will participate on a large scale in Syria. They would now be sorted out in their own country, and the states won’t let them - they didn’t refuse plans to support the moderate with the Turks and Saudis, so would they let France interfere with their guys ?!
  31. 0
    24 November 2015 11: 35
    Do you read the author and the first thought about where the French were all this time while the coalition imitated the struggle? But here they come and the victory is near. Tremble terrorists, the French will show you. Very soon we will see something that in no way coincides with the opinion of the author of the article - another European zilch.
  32. 0
    24 November 2015 12: 35
    Weird promotional article. And out of place. Especially after the ISIS fighters shot the crew of the Russian An-124 in Mali, where the French allegedly brought "order".
    If the French are so cool, why do we bomb DAESH and write "For Paris" on the bombs?
    And let the infantry kill the hated enemy (French). We still have things to do at home. And in Turkey, as the course of events confirms.
  33. +1
    24 November 2015 13: 40
    Please note that the French are the only ones who have recently carried out a full-scale landing (airborne) operation of military personnel (Mali 2013). Of course, you should not exaggerate the scale and goals of this operation, but they (goals) were fully achieved. It is also worth considering that the French have always used their diplomacy and politicians very closely. Criticism from the opposition is possible before! the operation, after its beginning, is taboo on any comments about the goals and objectives of the events (at least until the end of these very events). Now, a lyrical digression, he wore French boots, the so-called rangers personally and in those climatic zones. They do not melt))) The boots are very comfortable and "wearable), although this is true, now the army is switching to new shoes, but this year began in 2010, with the beginning of participation in operations in Afghanistan. Honeur et Fidelite."
  34. 0
    24 November 2015 14: 42
    France has two effective combatants
    Compounds: Airborne Division and Foreign Legion (consists of approximately
    4-5 regiments).
    It is noteworthy that there and there are not so many French (as if descendants of the Gauls).
    As a rule, paratroopers are recruited from Normandy (descendants of the Vikings)
    and from Alsace (Germans). And in the Foreign Legion - from the name it’s clear who ...

    But in the irregular military units, the French shone for real - the Gray Geese and the like.
    1. 0
      24 November 2015 22: 48
      Quote: voyaka uh
      Gray Geese and the like


      Actually, it seems to be "Wild Geese" ... And actually, "Wild Geese" was called irish mercenaries (in any case, initially) wink