Volunteers serving in the Israeli army

30
It so happened that from the very beginning of its existence the Israeli state was forced to exist in conditions of war with the Arab countries surrounding it. At the same time, Israel aroused sympathy from the Jews and some non-Jews living in different countries of the world. One of the most vivid examples of sympathy and solidarity with Israel was foreign volunteers who joined the IDF and took part in hostilities. The first volunteers from different countries of the world arrived in Israel in 1948 year and took a very active part in the Israeli War of Independence, which began immediately after the declaration of independence of the Jewish state.

The leadership of the Jewish settlements in Palestine not only did not hinder the flow of volunteers into the country, but also helped them in various ways and called for volunteers to go to the Holy Land. The corresponding appeals, for example, were made by the leader of Palestinian Jews and the future Prime Minister of the country David Ben-Gurion. In total, according to various estimates, to protect the young state of Israel went about 3,5 thousands of volunteers from 43 countries of the world. They arrived in Palestine and took part in the hostilities while in parts and formations of the IDF. In the countries from which the volunteers came, they were distributed as follows: most of all, around 1000 people, came from the USA, another 250 people from Canada, 700 people arrived in Israel from South Africa, 600 people from the UK, 250 from North Africa, France, Belgium, Latin America. In addition, small groups of volunteers arrived in Israel from Rhodesia, Australia and Sweden.

All of them took part in the second stage of the War of Independence, which began immediately after the departure of the representatives of the British colonial administration from Palestine and the proclamation of an independent Jewish state of Israel. At the same time, foreign volunteers of the Israeli army took part in the most difficult battles of that war and in the most difficult time for Israel. After the end of the war, many of the foreign volunteers remained in Israel, and someone returned to his home, but not all of them managed to survive until the victorious end of hostilities. In battles for the freedom and independence of Israel, 119 killed foreign volunteers. After the war, many of the foreign volunteers remained in Israel, and someone returned to their native countries.



Foreign volunteers in the ranks of the IDF were merged into a special organization called the Mahal. Most of the representatives of this organization served in the Air Force of the country, where foreign volunteers accounted for a quarter of the personnel. Mostly these were well-trained veterans of the American and British armies. Curious is the fact that in those years in the Israeli Air Force, the English language even exceeded Hebrew by the degree of use. In addition to the Air Force, a large number of foreign volunteers served in the Navy and infantry units.

Many of the volunteers who arrived in the country were quite good military experts who managed to gain invaluable real-world combat experience during the Second World War in Europe. The highest-ranking foreign volunteer who served in the IDF was David Marcus, a former US Army colonel who fought in Israel under the name Mickey Stone.

David Marcus was born in the USA in the year 1901, he came from a family of Orthodox Jews who emigrated to the states from Russia. In 1924, Marcus successfully graduated from the military academy at West Point, while at the same time studying at the Brooklyn Law School. He resigned from the army as early as 1927, fully devoting himself to legal studies. He completed law practice only in the 1940 year, deciding to return to military service, initially as a military lawyer. David Marcus took part in the work of the “Big Three” during the famous Teheran conference in 1943. And in 1944, he achieved a voluntary transfer to the airborne troops, after which he took part in the famous Allied landing in Normandy. After the end of World War II, Marcus continued his service in the American occupying forces in Germany, while he was a member of working groups during the Yalta and Potsdam international conferences. During these conferences, he faced the problems of the liberated prisoners of German concentration camps and displaced persons from among the Jews. After the end of the war, most of them suffered from numerous bureaucratic delays in solving the problem of returning to their homes, which they owned before the start of the Holocaust policy or resettlement in the United States, Palestine and other countries.

Volunteers serving in the Israeli army
David Marcus


In 1947, David Marcus was demobilized for the second time from the US Army, opening a law firm in New York that dealt with the help of the Hagan Jewish military organization. Help was to find veterans of the Second World War in the United States who were ready to take up again weapon and go to Israel as volunteers. In January, 1948, Marcus decided that it was time for him to personally go to Palestine. Upon arrival, he, at the request of Ben-Gurion, conducted a peculiar audit of the state of affairs in Hagan. In the report submitted to Ben-Gurion, he noted that Hagan currently has excellent human material, but commanders are able to lead only squads and platoons. In the future, along with Igael Yadin, who served as deputy head of the IDF General Staff, David Marcus participated in the creation of a methodology for training the IDF personnel in conditions that were as close as possible to the fighting.

Arriving in Israel, Marcus received the rank of brigadier general. He commanded the military units of the Israeli army, which operated in the area of ​​Jerusalem, in fact playing the role of commander of the entire Jerusalem front. Here David Markus died 11 June 1948 of the year. His death was ridiculous, he was mistakenly shot by an inexperienced Israeli sentry. At the same time, the comrades-in-arms of the deceased brigadier general noted that in 1948 his military experience provided invaluable assistance to the young Jewish state during the siege of Jerusalem by Arab units. He was the undoubted leader and “think tank” of the Israeli forces near Jerusalem.

At the same time, the most active among volunteers who went to fight in Palestine were the citizens of Finland. Although the Finnish volunteers were represented by a small fraction in the Mahal organization, they constituted 10% among all Finnish Jews who had recently served as soldiers and officers in the Finnish army. They were commanded by a participant in the Second World War, Major Solomon Klass, who had spent more than five years in Palestine in 1930, fighting against the Arabs on the side of Jewish military formations. During World War II, Finland and Germany were allies, which did not interfere with the service of the Class in the Finnish army, while he was among those who refused to receive the German “Iron Cross”.

Solomon Class


It should be noted that the experience of attracting volunteers to the Israeli army survived all major conflicts, continuing to operate in our days. And today, young volunteers arrive in Israel for military service in the ranks of the IDF. For volunteers, there is a special program called the 2000 Mahal. It is implemented jointly by the Jewish Agency and the Mobilization Directorate of the IDF. According to the current program, Jewish boys and girls aged from 18 to 25 from all countries of the world have the opportunity to perform military service in the ranks of the armed forces of Israel.

To begin with, all potential candidates should contact the management of this program and document the fact of Jewry. Most often for this purpose it is enough to present a “ktuba” - a marriage contract of parents, which is concluded at marriage in the synagogue, and also to have a letter of recommendation from the Jewish community located in the candidate’s place of residence. After confirming their Jewish origin, candidates for service arrive in Israel, where, during 6 weeks before being drafted into the ranks of the armed forces, they undergo a medical examination at a recruiting station. The medical commission determines the medical-psychological profile of the draftee, which allows him to be defined in combat or rear units. In the weeks remaining until the call, the recruit must undergo an intensive Hebrew course.

After being called up for military service, a soldier takes a course of a young fighter for 4,5 months (in combat units) and one month (in rear support units). At the same time, the service life of a foreign volunteer in the ranks of the armed forces is 14,5 months. After demobilization from the IDF, a foreign volunteer is obliged to work for another year in his Jewish community, participating in various humanitarian programs.



This experience was spread even further by the Israeli armed forces, creating in the spring of 1983, the National Volunteer Project for Israel, which was called “Sar-El”. Sar-El is an abbreviation of "Sherut le Israel" (from the Hebrew Service for Israel). Tens of thousands of people representing more than 30 countries have already become participants of this volunteer program. Over time, this movement is only expanding. If initially it was focused on representatives of Jewish diasporas around the world, then over time the program became available for non-Jews. Many Christians from the countries of Scandinavia, the USA, Canada, Great Britain and other countries became participants in the program. This volunteer program is available to anyone who stands in solidarity with the Jewish people and supports the state of Israel. This program, besides jokes, suggests a free opportunity for a tourist holiday in Israel.

Participation in this volunteer program is also open to boys and girls aged 18. Program participants arrive in Israel, where they live in military hostels and barracks. They also wear military uniforms, but they are at the disposal of exclusively logistical services at army bases. The participants of the Sar-El program work for free in hospitals, army warehouses, workshops, and work in the ambulance service. They work for three weeks. At the same time, their work does not require any special qualifications, but is rather important for the Israeli army, as it allows the release of more troops to perform directly combat missions. On weekends, program participants organize guided tours of Israel and lectures on stories country. After completing a three-week working period, volunteers are given the opportunity to rest during a week-long tourist trip around the country. At the same time, experts note that the number of volunteers is increasing every time, once the threat or possibility of war with its numerous opponents is hanging over Israel once again.

Information sources:
http://shaon.livejournal.com/88623.html
http://mishmar.info/inostrannie-dobrovolci-v-izrailskoie-armii.html
http://warspot.ru/461-tak-sozdavalsya-tsahal-inostrannye-dobrovoltsy
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  1. +3
    20 November 2015 06: 13
    Is the role of Soviet volunteers not reflected, or not tolerant?
    1. +9
      20 November 2015 06: 26
      Quote: apro
      Is the role of Soviet volunteers not reflected, or not tolerant?

      There were no Soviet volunteers, for this it was necessary to leave the country simply, and they were only allowed out of the country for permanent residence (and even then it was not permanent, but only in 1949-1952, 1972-1977, and then after the 90s )
      A person leaving for a post cannot be a volunteer, as we are talking about Israeli citizens. Volunteers are Jews - citizens of other states
      1. 0
        20 November 2015 08: 09
        The question arose: "The experience of the French Foreign Legion was not considered?" To everyone.
        It just seemed to be the obvious thing, but was not mentioned in the discussions on this site, or I missed hi
      2. -1
        20 November 2015 08: 37
        Quote: atalef
        A person leaving for a post cannot be a volunteer, as we are talking about Israeli citizens.

        Why can't a citizen of Israel be a volunteer?
        1. +6
          20 November 2015 10: 03
          How militaryobliged maybe volunteer?
          1. 0
            20 November 2015 10: 47
            Quote: Dan4eG
            How can a military person volunteer?

            What about the military?
            1. +1
              20 November 2015 13: 41
              Quote: IS-80
              Quote: Dan4eG
              How can a military person volunteer?

              What about the military?

              And who is this?
              1. 0
                20 November 2015 14: 08
                Quote: Dan4eG
                And who is this?

                Well, those who are not obliged.
                1. +1
                  20 November 2015 17: 46
                  Quote: IS-80
                  Quote: Dan4eG
                  And who is this?

                  Well, those who are not obliged.

                  that is, a citizen, but is not obliged? there are those who "fall" on profiles 21 and 24!
          2. +5
            20 November 2015 14: 23
            How can a military person volunteer?
            Looking where the volunteer is. In Israel, for example, they go to the most combat units voluntarily, that is, a 10 contest in place. So it turns out.
        2. +2
          20 November 2015 14: 37
          Quote: IS-80
          Quote: atalef
          A person leaving for a post cannot be a volunteer, as we are talking about Israeli citizens.

          Why can't a citizen of Israel be a volunteer?

          Because he is obliged to serve by law, obyazovalka excludes voluntariness
          1. 0
            20 November 2015 14: 57
            Quote: atalef
            Because he is obliged to serve by law, obyazovalka excludes voluntariness

            For all categories?
            1. +2
              20 November 2015 19: 09
              Quote: IS-80
              Quote: atalef
              Because he is obliged to serve by law, obyazovalka excludes voluntariness

              For all categories?

              No, Arabs serve voluntarily and Arab women love
              1. 0
                20 November 2015 19: 11
                Quote: atalef
                No, Arabs serve voluntarily and Arab women

                Are they probably sunni? So for fun.
                1. +2
                  20 November 2015 19: 15
                  Quote: marshes
                  Quote: atalef
                  No, Arabs serve voluntarily and Arab women

                  Are they probably sunni? So for fun.

                  as far as I know in Israel there are no Shiites.
                  And besides Iran, Azerbaijan, Lebanon (25%), Bahrain (50%) Iraq (50%), Yemen (20%) And a little in Saudi Arabia - they are nowhere else. In general, Shiites 10% of the total number of Muslims.
                  1. 0
                    20 November 2015 19: 29
                    Quote: atalef
                    as far as I know in Israel there are no Shiites.

                    Well, how do you get along with them? I wonder what kind of madhhab they are.
                    1. +1
                      20 November 2015 20: 33
                      Quote: marshes
                      Quote: atalef
                      as far as I know in Israel there are no Shiites.

                      Well, how do you get along with them? I wonder what kind of madhhab they are.

                      No idea, Shafi’s, as I think
                      West Bank - belonged to Jordan, so I suspect that this is a Saudi school - Malik
                      that Gaza - all the time belonged to Egypt and probably the Egyptian law school
                      Maybe, of course, I’m mistaken, but it’s unlikely - since there is such a dirtiness between these enclaves — that probably the difference in schools has a basis
                      Israeli Arabs are of course Jordanians in the past - therefore, I think the Malik
                    2. 0
                      20 November 2015 21: 22
                      By the way, about the Shiites whom some local forum participants from Israel "hate" smile In Israel itself, people who really look at the world and not from the couch like these "aniki-warriors" think a little differently:
                      Israel begins to talk about the possibility of an alliance with Shiites
                      In view of the latest atrocities of the Islamic State, the most extremist representative of the Sunnis, some people in Jerusalem are starting to say that Shiites are preferable. A number of military and special services leaders point to the fact that it is Shiites - Iran, Hezbollah and Assad - who are currently fighting the “Islamic State”.
                      http://cursorinfo.co.il/news/novosti1/2015/11/17/v-izraile-nachinayut-govorit-o-
                      vozmozhnosti-soyuza-s-shiitami /
                2. 0
                  20 November 2015 22: 50
                  Quote: marshes
                  Are they probably sunni? So for fun.

                  Enough Christian Arabs
        3. 0
          20 November 2015 22: 45
          Quote: IS-80
          Why can't a citizen of Israel be a volunteer?

          These are extreme situations when, for one reason or another, an Israeli citizen is not called up (for example, age has passed, or his health does not allow) and he seeks service voluntarily
      3. -5
        20 November 2015 12: 50
        The state of Israel was created with the filing of Comrade Stalin. The great ones are also mistaken.
      4. +3
        20 November 2015 16: 14
        https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bjex7Ci4qYI
        in your comment there is not a word of truth ...
      5. +2
        20 November 2015 16: 20
        There were no Soviet volunteers



        On the day Israel was proclaimed an independent State, the regular armies of Iraq, Syria, Egypt, Lebanon and Jordan invaded its territory. The first Arab-Israeli war began. In this war, it was the Soviet Union that provided Israel with quick and effective military assistance. Through Czechoslovakia and Romania, a large number of weapons of all kinds were sent by sea to Israel. Most of this weapon was from stocks of German captured equipment. Deliveries included machine guns, mortars, artillery and German Messerschmitt fighters. Britain, by contrast, supplied weapons to Arab countries dependent on it. All these countries, except Lebanon, were in 1947 the monarchies created by Great Britain after the First World War. The United States has announced an arms embargo on the region.

        Along with weapons from Eastern European countries, a large number of military men - Jews, who had experience in the war against Germany, arrived in Israel. Secretly went to Israel and Soviet military officers. Great opportunities appeared in the Soviet intelligence. According to General Pavel Sudoplatov, the use of Soviet intelligence officers in combat and sabotage operations against the British in Israel was already begun in 1946
    2. +2
      20 November 2015 08: 22
      Quote: apro
      Is the role of Soviet volunteers not reflected, or not tolerant?



      Probably 15 percent in Russian can be explained, judging by the numerous videos. In general, something can be borrowed from Israel ...
      1. +2
        20 November 2015 12: 04
        The way it is. Even more, our children also, more or less, understand Russian smile
      2. iAi
        0
        25 November 2015 13: 51
        Israel has a lot to borrow winked
  2. 0
    20 November 2015 10: 11
    And from the point of view of Russian law, a volunteer will not become a mercenary?
    1. +1
      20 November 2015 10: 48
      And from the point of view of Russian law, a volunteer will not become a mercenary?

      Well, mercenarism has a definition, like not believing that a volunteer will become a mercenary.
      but voluntary service abroad does not exempt from service in Russia.
  3. +4
    20 November 2015 11: 04
    And now there are a lot of volunteers, when my daughter took the oath, there were 400 of their future soldiers, almost all were volunteers, a large percentage from Russia and by the way they could not be repatriated to Israel, since their parents did not fit the law on repatriation, there were many from Canada, the USA and Australia, these just arrived to serve and after the service they return to their countries
    1. +3
      20 November 2015 12: 08
      Two girlfriends of my daughter, currently a fighter of the IDF, French volunteers hi
      1. -1
        20 November 2015 15: 44
        It is interesting that now many Israeli Jews do not want to serve in the army and by all available means evade this "honorable duty" smile
        Apparently, many Jews in Israel realized that their army from "defender of the fatherland" has turned into just a punitive machine used against the Arabs.
        Only half of Israelis who have reached conscription age serve in the IDF
        The most problematic groups in terms of conscription are Bedouins, ultra-Orthodox, and women.As a result of draft evasion, only 50 percent of young men and women fit for military service are joining the army.
        http://cursorinfo.co.il/news/novosti1/2015/11/19/v-cahal-sluzhit-tolko-polovina-
        izrailtyan - dostigshih-prizivnogo-vozrasta /

        Again, drug addiction is widespread among the soldiers of Israel:
        Israeli soldiers are more likely to get caught on drugs
        The number of drug-related crimes has increased in the Israeli army by 50%
        http://9tv.co.il/news/2015/08/09/210587.html

        And other offenses:
        Army riots: 14 Golani soldiers leave base in protest
        On 14 July, 28 Golani Brigade soldiers left the army base in the Golan Heights to protest the transfer of their colleague to another unit due to a series of disciplinary violations committed by him.
        http://9tv.co.il/news/2015/07/28/209772.html

        Meanwhile, Orthodox Jews who are the real masters of Israel - a complete laf lol
        The government intends to exempt ultra-orthodox from criminal liability for evasion of service in the IDF
        The government intends to amend the law on the appeal of ultra-orthodoxy to the IDF, having deleted the clause on criminal sanctions against those who evade service.
        http://newsru.co.il/israel/03nov2015/giyus_704.html
  4. +1
    20 November 2015 14: 25
    Gentlemen of Israel, do not remind. There was a film or series, the name. Former SS officer, end of the war. He does plastic surgery. He falls into Palestine, gets married there, etc. ... And serves ...
    1. 0
      20 November 2015 17: 09
      It is well known about the decisive diplomatic and military support provided by the USSR to Israel during the most difficult period of its War of Independence in 1948-1949. It is also widely known that the USSR authorized the mass emigration to Israel of Jewish servicemen from the East European countries occupied by the Red Army at that time, especially from Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, and Romania. The government of the USSR (through the Committee on Repatriation under the Council of Ministers of the USSR) also organized mass repatriation of Jews to Poland and Romania, from which many demobilized military specialists of the Red Army and the Polish Army came to Israel.

      The facts of mobilizing volunteers for the Israel Defense Forces, produced by the Israeli embassy in Moscow in 1948-1949, which was supervised by Golda Meir, Israeli ambassador to Moscow and future Israeli prime minister, are less known to the general public. In Moscow Jewish circles, it was also known that these lists ultimately fell into the hands of the Soviet special services. Although initially it was assumed that all the mobilization of demobilized Jewish officers was carried out with the approval of the Soviet government, these events later became the subject of Golda Meir's accusations of treason.
      For the first time, all this was published by Lev Navrozov in August 1974 in the Commentary of the American Jewish Committee. About how it all ended, how his book was confiscated, how Golda Meir filed a lawsuit in the magazine, and then unexpectedly took the lawsuit Navrozov told in his books.
      The memoirs of the Israeli military attache in Moscow, J. Ratner, also contain a story about his talks in 1948 about the possibility of training Israeli officers in Soviet military academies.

      1. 0
        20 November 2015 17: 53
        Quote: Turkestan
        Turkestan

        Sholem, what was the movie called?
        1. 0
          20 November 2015 20: 30
          Quote: marshes
          Sholem, what was the movie called?

          Pursuit
    2. 0
      20 November 2015 23: 05
      Quote: marshes
      Gentlemen of Israel, do not remind. There was a film or series, the name. Former SS officer, end of the war. He does plastic surgery. He falls into Palestine, gets married there, etc. ... And serves ...

      http://nvo.ng.ru/spforces/2015-06-26/14_nazi.html
      Find this story here
  5. 0
    20 November 2015 17: 15
    Soviet volunteers made a decisive contribution to the creation of Israeli artillery and armored forces. On their account and other merits. Volunteers fought as part of the Mahal volunteer brigade, although today their personal files are not in the archive, and on the site their participation in the War of Independence is mentioned in only one word. Some materials on volunteers can be found here: DocumentsonIsraeliSovietRelations, 1941-53. London: Routledge.
    1. +1
      20 November 2015 23: 06
      Quote: Turkestan
      Soviet volunteers made a decisive contribution to the creation of Israeli artillery and armored forces. On their account and other merits. Volunteers fought as part of the Mahal volunteer brigade, although today their personal files are not in the archive, and on the site their participation in the War of Independence is mentioned in only one word. Some materials on volunteers can be found here: DocumentsonIsraeliSovietRelations, 1941-53. London: Routledge.

      There is a difference between repatriates and volunteers
  6. 0
    20 November 2015 17: 26
    How many Soviet soldiers left for Palestine before and during the War of Independence is not known for certain. According to Israeli sources, 200, thousands of Soviet Jews, used legal or illegal channels. Of these, "a few thousand" are servicemen. In any case, the main language of “international communication” in the Israeli army was Russian. He also occupied the second (after Polish) place in the whole of Palestine.
    1. +2
      20 November 2015 17: 40
      as well as on this site on which they write here ...
  7. +4
    20 November 2015 20: 26
    Quote: quilted jacket
    Apparently, many Jews in Israel realized that their army from "defender of the fatherland" has turned into just a punitive machine used against the Arabs.

    Nonsense! Remind me that Israel has NO aggressive plans, namely, its environment "peaceful Arab countries" have specific plans for its destruction and "pushing" into the sea? And its territory does not even allow "a little bit to lose" the war (not even like the USSR in 41-42 retreat from Poland to the Volga), because immediately collapse ...

    Quote: quilted jacket
    The most problematic groups in terms of conscription are Bedouins, ultra-Orthodox, and women.

    Promising to what extent? The Bedouins serve voluntarily and mainly in the border units, fighting the same Arabs who are engaged in smuggling or illegal emigration.

    Quote: quilted jacket
    Army riots: 14 Golani soldiers leave base in protest
    This is such a division that you don’t need to talk about it at all, because it is a very elite part with very strong traditions, where the feeling of mutual assistance is such that the vast majority of Russian units can only dream of today.
    Quote: Turkestan
    The facts of mobilizing volunteers for the Israel Defense Forces, produced by the Israeli embassy in Moscow in 1948-1949, which was supervised by Golda Meir, Israeli ambassador to Moscow and future Israeli prime minister, are less known to the general public.
    1. 0
      20 November 2015 21: 09
      Quote: True-Loving
      Nonsense!

      Nonsense Israel is one of the most aggressive countries and has repeatedly attacked its neighbors, for example, let us recall the 1956 "triple" aggression against Egypt as part of England, France and Israel, or Israel's attack on Arab countries in 1973, and the endless bombing of Gaza.
      Quote: True-Loving
      The Bedouins serve voluntarily and mainly in the border units, fighting the same Arabs who are engaged in smuggling or illegal emigration.

      Of course, of course, they serve as long as they need it and when the war starts they will still shoot you in the back from the machine guns issued by you to them.
      Quote: True-Loving
      This is such a division that you don’t need to talk about it at all, because it is a very elite part with very strong traditions, where the feeling of mutual assistance is such that the vast majority of Russian units can only dream of today.

      We see, we see how "deserved and great" lol unit if soldiers just run out of it, regardless of discipline.
      Although it may well be just the drugs are high and "the roof is down" laughing
  8. -1
    20 November 2015 23: 11
    There were many interesting stories

    http://david-2.livejournal.com/408220.html
    Here is one for example

    Among the foreign volunteers in the War of Independence was a Texas volunteer named Jesse Slade, nicknamed "Tex". His father was Irish, and his mother was from the Navajo tribe, so he turned out to be red-skinned with blue eyes. In Texas, he worked on his parent's farm, at the age of 17 he joined the army, fought in Europe, then served there in the occupation forces, in March 1948 he returned to Texas, but soon left for Europe again and in Paris volunteered to fight for Israel. Why he did it - the first to treat him, a half-Indian, as an equal, was his army commander, a Jew from New York. He told Jesse about Palestine, and besides, Texas after the war was boring.
  9. 0
    21 November 2015 23: 56
    Quote: quilted jacket
    Israel is one of the most aggressive countries
    I wrote that their doctrine of survival is built to prevent invasion due to the extreme limitedness of their territory. When there was 48 years old and the Doomsday War, then the Arabs struck first and Israel almost ended. That was enough. Therefore, as soon as neighbors splash out aggression more than over the edge, a blow follows.

    Quote: quilted jacket
    they will shoot you in the back
    Israel is not my country, and I live in Russia.

    Quote: quilted jacket
    We see, we see how "deserved and great"
    Read about the history of the Givati ​​brigade.

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