British anti-aircraft missile systems. Part 2

42
British anti-aircraft missile systems. Part 2


After the Taygerkat short-range air defense system was deployed for use by the air forces and ground forces, the British military were disappointed with the capabilities of this complex. Repeated firing at the range on radio-controlled targets demonstrated the very limited capabilities of the anti-aircraft missiles of this complex for the protection of troops and objects from missile and bomb attacks of modern jet aircraft.

Just as on the ships in the case of the "Sea Cat" complex, the launch of the Taygket SAM also had a "frightening" effect. Having noticed the launch of an anti-aircraft missile, the attack pilot or front-line bomber pilot often stopped the attack of the target and carried out an energetic anti-missile maneuver. It is quite natural that the military wanted to have not only a “scarecrow”, but also a really effective low-altitude air defense system.

At the beginning of 60, Matra BAe Dynamics, a subsidiary of British Aerospace Dynamics, began designing an anti-aircraft complex that was supposed to replace the Taygerkat air defense system and compete with the MIM-46 Mauler air defense system in the United States.

The new short-range air defense system, called Rapier, was intended to directly cover military units and objects in the front-line zone from air assault weapons operating at low altitudes.

In the British air defense units of the ground forces, the complex began to arrive in 1972, and two years later it was put into service in the Air Force. There it was used to provide air defense of airfields.

The main element of the complex, which is transported in the form of trailers by off-road vehicles, is a launcher for four missiles, which also has a detection and target indication system. For the transportation of the post of guidance, the calculation of the five people and spare ammunition used three more car "Land Rover".


PU ZRK "Rapier"


Survey radar complex, combined with the launcher, capable of detecting low-altitude targets at a distance of more than 15 km. Guidance SAM is carried out using radio commands, which, after the capture of the target is fully automated.



The operator only keeps the air target in the field of view of the optical device, while the infrared direction finder accompanies the missile system on the tracer, and the calculating-decisive device produces guidance commands for the anti-aircraft missile. The electro-optical tracking and guidance device, which is a separate device, is connected by cable lines to the launcher and is taken out to 45m from the PU.

The missile system of the "Rapier" is made according to the normal aerodynamic configuration, it carries a warhead with a mass of 1400 gr. The first types of missiles were equipped only with contact action fuses.


Tracking radar DN 181 Blindfire


At the end of 80-x - the beginning of the 90-x complex passed a series of successive upgrades. Improvements have been missiles and ground equipment of the air defense system. In order to ensure the possibility of all-weather and daily use, the optical television system and the DN 181 Blindfire tracking radar were introduced into the equipment.


TTH ZRK "Rapier"


Since 1989, the production of the Mk.lE rocket began. This rocket was used non-contact fuse and fragmentation warhead directional. These innovations have significantly increased the probability of hitting the target. There are several variants of the air defense system "Rapier": FSA, FSB1, FSB2, which differ from each other in the composition of equipment and electronic components.

The complex is airborne, its individual elements can be transported on the external suspension of CH-47 Chinook and SA 330 Puma helicopters. The Rapier air defense system with tracking radar DN 181 Blindfire is placed in the cargo hold of the C-130 military transport aircraft.

In the middle of the 90-x the British anti-aircraft units began to receive a deeply modernized complex "Rapier-2000" (FSC).

Thanks to the use of more effective missiles of the Mk.2, with increased firing range to 8000 m, non-contact infrared fuses, and new optoelectronic guidance stations and tracking radar, the characteristics of the complex have increased significantly. In addition, the number of missiles at the PU has doubled to eight units.


SAM "Rapier-2000"


The complex "Rapier-2000" introduced radar Dagger. Its capabilities allow you to simultaneously detect and lead up to 75 targets. Associated with a radar computer allows you to distribute targets and fire them depending on the degree of danger. Targeting missiles at the target radar is performed Blindfire-2000. This station differs from the DN 181 Blindfire radar used in the early version of the air defense missile system with better noise immunity and reliability.


Dagger Radar


An optoelectronic station enters the case in a difficult jamming environment or when a threat of defeat of an air defense system by anti-radar missiles occurs. It includes a thermal imager and a highly sensitive TV camera. Optoelectronic station accompanies the rocket on the tracer and gives the coordinates to the calculator. With the use of tracking radar and optical means simultaneous shelling of two air targets is possible.

For greater secrecy and noise immunity, even at the design stage, the developers abandoned the use of radio channels to exchange information between individual elements of the complex. When deploying an air defense missile system into a combat position, all its elements are connected by fiber optic cables.

The Rapier and Rapier-2000 complexes have become the most commercially successful British anti-aircraft systems. They were shipped to Iran, Indonesia, Malaysia, Kenya, Oman, Singapore, Zambia, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates and Switzerland. To protect US air bases in Europe, several complexes were purchased by the US Department of Defense.

Despite the widespread use, the combat use of the Rapier was limited. It was first used by Iranians during the Iran-Iraq war. Data on the results of the use of the air defense system "Rapier" during this war are very contradictory. According to Iranian representatives, they managed to hit eight combat aircraft with the Rapier anti-aircraft missiles, among which they allegedly even had an Iraqi Tu-22 bomber.

During the Falkland War, the British deployed 12 Rapier complexes without Blindfire to cover the airborne forces. Most researchers agree that they shot down two Argentine combat aircraft - the Dagger fighter and the Skyhawk A-4 attack aircraft.

In 1983, British ground air defense units began to receive the Tracked Rapier mobile complex, which was intended to escort tank and mechanized units.


Self-propelled air defense system Tracked Rapier


Initially, this complex was designed and manufactured by the order of the Shah of Iran. But by that time, when this air defense missile system was ready, the shah had already lost power, and it was no longer talking about supplies to Iran. LAW Tracked Rapier entered the 22 air defense regiment, where they served until the beginning of the 90-x.

The base for the “Rapier” tracked vehicle was the American M548 tracked carrier, the design of which, in turn, was based on the M113 BTR.

On M548, all elements of the Rapier complex were installed except for the Blindfire tracking radar. There was simply no free space for a car. This worsened the capabilities of the air defense system to combat airborne targets at night and in poor visibility conditions, but at the same time, the time required to transfer the complex from a marching to a combat position was reduced.

At present, the caterpillar "Rapiers" have been replaced in the British air defense units of the ground forces by self-propelled Starstreak SP anti-aircraft complexes, which can be translated from English as "Star Trail".


ZRK Starstreak SP


This short-range anti-aircraft system installed on armored chassis or off-road vehicles was created by analogy with the American M1097 Avenger air defense system based on MANPADS. But, in contrast to the FIM-92 Stinger, the Starstreak anti-aircraft missile uses guidance on a laser beam (command semi-active guidance on a laser beam, the so-called “saddled beam” or “laser path”).

In this case, the British in the face of the company-developer Shorts Missile Systems once again originated. In addition to the laser guidance system, three warheads made of tungsten alloy in the form of a dart are used in high-speed missiles. The firing range of the Starstreak SAM is up to 7000 m, the height of the lesion is up to 5000 m. The length of the missile is 1369 mm, the weight of the missile is 14 kg.



The first and second stages accelerate the rocket to speed 4M, after which there is a separation of the three arrow-shaped combat elements, which continue the flight by inertia. After separation, each of them acts independently and is aimed at the target individually, which increases the likelihood of defeat.

After hitting the target and penetrating the hull of an airplane or a helicopter, a non-contact fuse is triggered with some delay, activating the warhead. Thus, the target being hit causes the maximum possible damage.

In the British army, the Stormer tracked armored vehicle is used as the base for the self-propelled anti-aircraft system. A passive infrared system for searching and tracking air targets ADAD (Air Defense Alerting Device), manufactured by Thales Optronics, is installed on its roof.



The ADAD's detection range for a fighter-type target is about 15 km, and a combat helicopter type is about 8 km. The reaction time of the complex since the detection of the target is less than 5 seconds.

The management and maintenance of the Starstreak SP self-propelled air defense missile system is carried out by three people: the commander, the driver and the guidance operator. In addition to the eight missiles, the TPK is ready for use, there are twelve spare ones in combat packing.

Starstreak air defense system is in service with the British army since 1997, initially the complex entered the air defense units of the 12 regiment. In South Africa, delivered 8 SAMs of this type. There are also contracts with Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand. Successful tests Starstreak held in the United States.

The merits of Starstreak SAM include their insensitivity to the widely used means of countering MANPADS - heat traps, high speed of flight and the presence of three independent combat units. Disadvantages are the need to accompany the target with a laser beam throughout the ZUR flight path and the sensitivity of the laser guidance system to the state of the atmosphere and interference in the form of a smoke or aerosol curtain.

The armament of the British destroyers URO Type 45 includes the PAAMS long-range air defense system, which uses the Aster-15 / 30 SAM with active radar homing head (GOS). The name of the Aster anti-aircraft missiles, differing only in the first acceleration stage, was received from the mythical Greek archer Asterion.

These anti-aircraft missiles are also used in SAMP-T air defense systems (Surface-to-Air Missile Platform Terrain). What can be translated as "Ground-based air defense and medium-range anti-missile system." SAMP-T ZRS was created by the international consortium Eurosam, which includes the British company BAE Systems.


The composition of SAMS-T


The structure of the air defense missile system includes: the Thompson-CSF Arabel universal radar with a PAR, combat command post, self-propelled vertical launchers with eight ready-to-use missiles in their transport and launch containers. All elements of the SAMP-T are placed on the chassis of all-wheel drive trucks with 8 x8 wheel formula.

The first successful tests using all components of SAMP-T ZRS took place in the summer of 2005. After a series of tests in 2008, SAMP-T was put into trial operation in the armed forces of France and Italy. In 2010, the first successful interception of a ballistic target took place at the French test site of Bicaross.



Already we can say that the European British-French-Italian consortium Eurosam managed to create a universal anti-missile and anti-aircraft air defense missile system, which today may well compete with the American MIM-104 Patriot.


TTH ZRS SAMP-T


SAMP-T ZRS can conduct a circular attack of air and ballistic targets in the 360 degrees sector. It possesses highly maneuverable long-range missiles, a modular design, a high degree of automation, and high fire performance and mobility on the ground. SAMP-T can fight aerodynamic targets at a range of 3-100 km, at altitudes up to 25 km and intercept ballistic missiles at a range of 3-35 km. The system can track up to 100 targets simultaneously and fire at 10 air targets, 8 SAM aster-30 can be launched in just 10 seconds.



At the initial part of the rocket’s flight, its trajectory is constructed according to the data loaded into the microprocessor, which controls the autopilot. On the middle part of the trajectory, the course is corrected using radio commands according to data from the multi-purpose radar. At the final part of the flight, targeting takes place with the help of an active homing head.

Recently, the SAM of SAMP-T is taking part in international exhibitions and tenders. She is actively lobbied by the governments of the developer countries. As it became known, during the visit of French President Francois Hollande to Azerbaijan in May 2014, the latter persistently urged President Aliyev to acquire this anti-aircraft system.

Often in the domestic media, the European SAMP-T ZRS is compared with the latest Russian anti-aircraft system C-400. In this case, "analysts" indicate the superiority of the range of the Russian system. However, such a comparison is not quite correct. The C-400 ground-to-ground missile systems use heavier missiles, whose starting weight exceeds the “Aster-30” almost four times. The closest Russian analogue of the SAMP-T system in terms of firing range and fire performance is the promising medium-range VRS of the V-Kniaz C-350, which is currently completing tests.

Given the rather high characteristics of SAMP-T air defense systems and the fact that the Aster family missiles are already in service with the Royal Navy warships fleet, the UK government is considering the adoption of the land version of the anti-aircraft system in service. It can be assumed with a high degree of probability that this will happen in the near future.

Based on:
http://fdra-malvinas.blogspot.ru
http://rbase.new-factoria.ru
http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com
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42 comments
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  1. 0
    17 November 2015 06: 59
    The picture is beautiful, as well as on the idea of ​​the British warship - Dreadnought 2050, equipped with electromagnetic weapons, 3-D printer for ammunition and drones, submarines on board and other semi-fantastic things
    1. +8
      17 November 2015 08: 02
      Quote: sa-zz
      The picture is beautiful, as well as on the idea of ​​the British warship - Dreadnought 2050, equipped with electromagnetic weapons, 3-D printer for ammunition and drones, submarines on board and other semi-fantastic things

      The meaning of your comment is not clear. what , in this publication we are not talking about "semi-fantastic things", but about quite real anti-aircraft complexes adopted for service. The British are, of course, large originals, their SAM projects in the past were distinguished by an unusual design and atypical technical solutions, but oddly enough all this worked. request
      1. +2
        17 November 2015 08: 48
        Quote: zyablik.olga
        The British are in many ways great originals, their SAM projects in the past were distinguished by unusual designs and atypical technical solutions, but strangely enough it all worked. request

        The British not only used non-standard solutions in the air defense systems, but all this was reflected in the unnecessary complexity and manufacturability of the products. Although reliability and accuracy have acceptable parameters. I will not give examples whoever wants to find it.
    2. +1
      17 November 2015 08: 55
      Why blurted out?
      1. 0
        18 November 2015 15: 49
        accelerates the rocket to a speed of 4M, after which there is a separation of three arrow-shaped combat elements, which continue to fly by inertia. After separation, each of them acts independently and individually targets the target.
        -impressive ...
  2. +2
    17 November 2015 09: 39
    Anyway, such a line of complexes that covers the entire range of altitudes and ranges as we did not have in the West and do not. They rely more and more on fighters. Ours, having grabbed grief in WWII, hope for aviation but prefer to be ready to defend themselves.
    1. +4
      17 November 2015 09: 49
      Quote: dvg79
      Anyway, such a line of complexes that covers the entire range of heights and ranges as we have in the West did not and never does.

      Do not forget that most of these air defense systems and air defense systems were created in the USSR. In many ways, the good characteristics of domestic first-generation SAM systems (C-25, C-75, C-200) were obtained through the use of two-component rocket engines with toxic fuel and an aggressive oxidizing agent. This greatly complicated the operation and often led to accidents in violation of TB.
      As for the current state, our air defense capabilities have decreased significantly compared to 25 years ago. So far, the supply of modern anti-aircraft systems is not able to fully compensate for the "natural decline" of the decommissioned anti-aircraft systems built during the Soviet era. And the newest S-400 air defense system is operated with missiles created for the S-300PM.
    2. +3
      17 November 2015 10: 11
      Quote: dvg79
      They rely more and more on fighters. Ours, having grabbed grief in World War II, hopes for aviation but prefer to be ready to defend themselves.

      I would say differently. The Germans and the British were the ones who had the most grief. Remember 1940. When the Germans tried to force peace. This was described by A. Yakovlev in the book "Notes of an Aircraft Designer" and in other books. Remember about Coventry. And the first anti-aircraft missiles appeared, at first unguided, in England. In principle, abroad they rely on the fact that mobile systems will help them organize defense, at medium altitudes, at low altitudes, it is considered more effective than anti-aircraft artillery mounts, which Shilka successfully proved. In addition to the USA and the USSR, in other countries there was no division of air defense into object and army, this in turn reduces the number of types of complexes. We only had object ones: C-25; C-75; C-125; C-200; S-300PS Here and count the ruler.
      1. +4
        17 November 2015 10: 20
        Quote: Amurets
        .We only had object ones: С-25; С-75; С-125; С-200;C-300PS. Here and read the ruler.

        Greetings, Nikolay! hi you probably forgot, the first in the S-300P family - was the towed S-300PT with a radio command missile, with a range of slightly more than 40 km.
        1. +2
          17 November 2015 10: 59
          Sergey! It will probably be a shock for you, but I saw the first S-300s at KapYar in September 1969. There were air defense systems still in cabs similar to S-75 cabs. Her antenna post was not the same as even on the S-300PT. More precisely, we this air defense system was presented as S-75 multi-channel. Two times we were finishing and both times we had to finish the target. We shot on the IL-28. I won’t shock the men, but you need to know how hard it was taken into service. Even the S-75M-4 They created it. Now in Armenia it is in service as the S-75 Volga-3 SAM. Even the heat-television and optical channels were installed. that is also a radio command.
          1. +1
            17 November 2015 13: 40
            Quote: Amurets
            They even created C-75M-4. Now in Armenia it is in service as the S-75 Volga-3 air defense systems. They also put heat and television and optical channels. The missile control is also radio command.

            Nikolay, I don’t understand, do you want to say that in Armenia the S-75 or S-300PT is in service?
            1. +1
              17 November 2015 14: 37
              It costs C-75m-4 with an optical and heat-television channel, well, and a radio channel as expected.
              1. +3
                17 November 2015 15: 02
                Quote: Amurets
                It costs C-75m-4 with an optical and heat-television channel, well, and a radio channel as expected.

                You are wrong No. Of the first-generation air defense systems in Armenia, only S-125M remained (in the picture).

                Until recently, S-300PTs were operated there, but there was information that S-300PM2 were delivered from Russia. Apparently, the modernized "400s" were taken from the former troops of the Russian Aerospace Defense Forces, where they were replaced by the S-XNUMX.
                1. +1
                  17 November 2015 16: 46
                  Quote: Bongo
                  You are mistaken no Of the first-generation air defense systems in Armenia, only the S-125M remained (in the picture).

                  Sergey! You're right. I did not look at the date of publication. Http://www.vko.ru/voennoe-stroitelstvo/sistemu-pvo-odkb-eshche-predst
                  oit-sozdavat This is a link to the website about the CSTO air defense system. There will be delivery of the S-300PS. The East-Kazakhstan region magazine dated June 2, No. 3, 2015.
          2. +2
            17 November 2015 18: 58
            Quote: Amurets
            but I saw the first S-300s at CapYar in September 1969. There were air defense systems still in cabs similar to S-75 cabs. Her antenna post was not the same as even on the S-300PT.

            ?
            maybe what is it?



            Or beguiled with V-825 (index 5Y27) / V-758 (index PRS-1 / 5Y26).


            В 1965-78 years on the basis of the long-range air defense system S-200 "Angara" (Central Design Bureau "Almaz") was developed universal mobile (on a car chassis) anti-aircraft and anti-missile system S-225 with missiles 5Ya26 (OKB "Novator") and 5Ya27 (MKB "Fakel") (AVM-2).

            The first throw launch of a 5Y27 medium-range interceptor missile was carried out on July 27, 1967, and on a closed-loop control loop of a prototype on February 16, 1971.

            True, not in Cap-Yar, but at site No. 35 of the Sary-Shagan training ground. And in Cap Yar in 1972, postings began ballistic targets launched from the Kapustin Yar firing range for "Azov" (1.O.O.).
            Maybe you saw them (BC), but in 1972?

            Antenna post at the C-225 "test" and memorable in appearance




            =========================================================== ===
            Design work (S-300V, S-330F) was begun only in 1969., and the resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, it seems, in April 1971.
  3. +1
    17 November 2015 10: 13
    Hello dear!
    Indeed, the picture is beautiful, daze attracts the interest of its mobility.
    But I talked with our petriot operators in Turkey. Final report.
    No one in the World has any 4 who is much better at ts-300, without saying ts-400.
    With respect
    1. +4
      17 November 2015 10: 18
      Quote: marinier
      Hello dear!
      Indeed, the picture is beautiful, daze attracts the interest of its mobility.
      But I talked with our petriot operators in Turkey. Final report.
      No one in the World has any 4 who is much better at ts-300, without saying ts-400.
      With respect

      Hello! I'm not going to question the characteristics of our complexes, but I have a question for you. What modifications did the "petriot operator" compare with our air defense systems, as well as what modifications of the S-300P or S-300V are we talking about?
      1. +1
        17 November 2015 12: 15
        Hello! A conversation about the complex.
        On modifications, Eeyore is not looped. By 4, there is no knowledge
        details.
        1. +1
          17 November 2015 13: 33
          Quote: marinier
          Hello! A conversation about the complex.

          What complex? C-300P / V and C-400 are not complexes, but systems. In addition, the possibilities of different modifications of C-300 are very different. Please write about that. what you understand.
  4. 0
    17 November 2015 12: 07
    C-400 is still better
    1. +4
      17 November 2015 13: 35
      Quote: hghg
      C-400 is still better

      It seems that some in the publication look only at the pictures. And besides the pictures, it says among other things:
      Often in the domestic media, the European SAMP-T air defense system is compared with the latest Russian anti-aircraft system C-400. At the same time, “analysts” point to the superiority in the range of the Russian system. However such the comparison is not entirely correct. The S-400 air defense missile systems use heavier missiles, whose launch weight is almost four times that of the Aster-30. The closest Russian counterpart SAMP-T systems for firing range and fire performance is a promising medium-range air defense system C-350 "The Knight"who is currently completing the test.
      1. +2
        17 November 2015 14: 48
        Quote: Bongo
        Often in the domestic media, the European SAMP-T air defense system is compared with the latest Russian S-400 anti-aircraft system. At the same time, “analysts” point to the superiority in the range of the Russian system.

        Sergey! How can people not understand that the maximum range is increasing, and the minimum range is also increasing? It's elementary. A heavy rocket must be accelerated to the speed at which it starts to be controlled.
        1. +6
          17 November 2015 15: 08
          Quote: Amurets
          Sergey! How can people not understand that the maximum range is increasing, and the minimum range is also increasing? It's elementary. A heavy rocket must be accelerated to the speed at which it starts to be controlled.

          Shouting "urya" - no need for a big mind negative Nikolay, the main reason that I started to "write" was the desire to improve technical literacy, at least for some of the VO site visitors. But unfortunately, I am not very good at it. crying
          1. +2
            18 November 2015 09: 26
            Greetings Sergey!

            Curious article, thanks.

            Quote: Bongo
            improve technical literacy, at least part of the visitors to the site


            Have you read the results of recent polls at VO?
            I skimmed through, literacy is not interesting here. Everyone needs dancing with a tambourine from Chuvarkin, for hurry hysteria ...

            We came to the conclusion that the technique is not so interesting. crying

            And look how many comments to your article, and how many to some "Abama monkey" "project 66" "F-35 golden wunderfwaffe" crying
            1. +4
              18 November 2015 09: 33
              Quote: Falcon
              Greetings Sergey!

              Hi, Kirill! Come on already ...
              Quote: Falcon
              Have you read the results of recent polls at VO?
              I skimmed through, literacy is not interesting here. Everyone needs dancing with a tambourine from Chuvarkin, for hurry hysteria ...
              We came to the conclusion that the technique is not so interesting.

              Unfortunately... crying Illiterate and uneducated, brainwashed by the state media, the authorities are easier to manipulate. It's a pity...

              Quote: Falcon
              And look how many comments to your article, and how many to some "Abama monkey" "project 66" "F-35 golden wunderfwaffe"

              Everyone chooses for himself ...
              1. +1
                18 November 2015 09: 44
                Quote: Bongo
                Come on already ...


                drinks
            2. +2
              18 November 2015 11: 19
              Quote: Falcon
              Have you read the results of recent polls at VO?
              I skimmed through, literacy is not interesting here. Everyone needs dancing with a tambourine from Chuvarkin, for hurry hysteria ...

              I would say it differently, they don’t want to think. That's when authors like Sergey will take it apart completely, chew it and put it in your mouth, then you will deign to bite and even require your ranks and academic degrees. We agreed with Sergey For the reason that both of us are close to the problems of the Far East, its air defense, Pacific Fleet. You look at what the BBO and the 3rd command of the East Kazakhstan region are. This is the territory of half of Russia and 2nd Europe. Previously, there were three districts and three separate air defense armies .And now these are the open Eastern Gates of Russia. They are doing everything to make the wealth of Siberia and the Far East pay off ate the adversary. Do not be offended that interfered in your conversation, but your soul was boiling.
              1. +1
                18 November 2015 11: 44
                Quote: Amurets
                I would say in a different way, they don’t want to think. That's when authors like Sergey will take it apart completely, chew it and put it in your mouth, then you will deign to bite and even require your ranks and academic degrees. We agreed with Sergey For the reason that both of us are close to the problems of the Far East, its air defense, Pacific Fleet. You look at what the BBO and 3 command of the East Kazakhstan region are. This is the territory of Russia and the 2 Europe. Previously, there were THREE districts and THREE Separate air defense armies. .And now it’s the open East Gate of Russia. They are doing everything to make the wealth of Siberia and the Far East sailed adversary.




                Why all?



                Well, the house of GDP



                Quote: Amurets
                Do not be offended that intervened in your conversation, but your soul is boiling.


                drinks We will be familiar hi
                1. +2
                  18 November 2015 12: 13
                  We will be acquainted! The soul hurts for one. drinks hi
        2. +2
          17 November 2015 15: 11
          Iran’s Rapira air defense systems, despite being purchased before the 1979 year, are still in operation due to the extreme shortage of air defense systems of this range in the troops.
          They are mainly used in mixed formulations with a 35 mm charger.


          1. +3
            17 November 2015 15: 13
            Quote: quilted jacket
            Iran’s Rapira air defense systems, despite being purchased before the 1979 year, are still in operation due to the extreme shortage of air defense systems of this range in the troops.

            In Iran, and for the hopelessly outdated "Tigerkat" they held on to the last.
            1. +1
              17 November 2015 15: 50
              Quote: Bongo
              In Iran, and for the hopelessly outdated "Tigerkat" they held on to the last.

              It even happened somewhere there was a photo of this complex in Iran, old still black and white.
              But now they began to produce their own version of the initially French complex Crotal, or rather, its Chinese clone HQ-7 called Ya Zahra 3 short-range.

              And its self-propelled version of Herz 9

              Missile complex missiles Shahab Thaqeb
              1. +4
                17 November 2015 15: 55
                Quote: quilted jacket
                But now they began to produce their own version of the initially French complex Crotal, or rather, its Chinese clone HQ-7

                But what, not the worst option.
                1. 0
                  17 November 2015 15: 58
                  Quote: Bongo
                  But what, not the worst option.

                  Well, as they say on fishlessness and cancer, fish smile
                  By the way, they stand in line for our Shell.
                  1. +1
                    17 November 2015 16: 00
                    Quote: quilted jacket
                    By the way, they stand in line for our Shell.

                    "Thor" like they already have.
                    1. +1
                      17 November 2015 16: 05
                      Quote: Bongo
                      Thor "it seems they already have it.

                      29 pieces

          2. +1
            17 November 2015 16: 54
            They are mainly used in mixed formulations with a 35 mm charger.


        3. +2
          17 November 2015 17: 43
          Quote: Amurets
          . A heavy rocket must be dispersed to the speed at which it begins to be controlled.

          direct and manage.
          I do not know the data for 48N6,

          but even on the experimental SAM "655-P" (inclined start); "light" 68,67kg-up to 77,38kg, longitudinal overload 20g, h / z 0,9 sec V = 180 m / s.

          Up to 4 seconds, the rocket is practically uncontrollable (3,7s complete the full opening of the rudders, oscillations end, CT missiles go away from the calculated ones, etc. everything takes time for the autopilot reaction)


          There (S-300 and above 400, etc.) a vertical ejection start. They "accelerate" when they move in pitch to a trajectory close to the sighting angle of the target (naturally "failing at the beginning")

          SAM from beech
          and MIM-104 variants, weight from 912 kg, but the same minimum interception range of 3 km.
          and in comparison with the rest of the "light"


          There is no direct relationship between the m / y mass of missiles and the interception range (within certain limits of course)

          Even ERINT (PAC-3 MSE) (although it is light 318kg), and has a unique 180 TRD ...
          anyway: min.range = 912 kg MIM-104

          Or Aster 30 PIF-PAF


          / Well, in general, it's silly to shoot a "heavy" long-range missile defense system at a "near" target
          1. 0
            18 November 2015 02: 51
            Quote: opus
            maybe what is it?

            No, I didn’t see it. The radar is similar, but it seems a little different. The firing range of that complex was somewhere around 70 km. The missiles were more like 125 missiles of the complex. A lot of time has passed and I don’t remember all the details.
            Quote: opus
            There is no direct relationship between the m / y mass of missiles and the interception range (within certain limits of course)

            Here we talked about the near border of the defeat, here I agree with you that many parameters must be taken into account.
            Quote: opus
            / Well, in general, it's silly to shoot a "heavy" long-range missile defense system at a "near" target

            Well, here without comment, we came to a consensus. Maybe you disagree, but for near targets it is better and cheaper to use an air defense missile system. It will be cheaper. Well, I consider it necessary to shoot at a near target in case of self-defense with a "heavy" long-range missile defense system.
            1. 0
              19 November 2015 11: 39
              Quote: Amurets
              125 complexes. A lot of time has passed and I don’t remember all the details.

              Most likely it was the launches / pilots launched from the Kapustin Yar test site for "Azov" (1.O.O.).
              True, it was 1972.
              In 1969, clearly no launches of missiles for the S-300 * could be
              Quote: Amurets
              Here we had a conversation about the near border of defeat,

              I brought a gravel.
              Both heavy MIM-140 (930 kg) and light Aster 30 (approx. 400 kg) and ERINT (PAC-3 MSE) (318 kg) have the same near zone
              Quote: Amurets
              but for near goals it’s better and cheaper to use ZRPK

              why do not agree?
              absolutely agree
              "Rapier" Mk2 weighing 43kg - min. launch range = 500m.
              everything is obvious
  5. mvg
    +3
    17 November 2015 18: 05
    The article was originally about the English air defense systems. And rolled down to the banal Chinese. request
    In general, European air defense systems are greatly underestimated. SAM Aster-15/30 is objectively one of the best today. EM type 45 "Daring" is also objectively the strongest EM URO in the world. Frigate Type 26 (Sea Ceptor CAMM) is on its way.
    And Britons live on the islands. It’s easier for them to put air defense and missile defense on boats.
    Although the British, like everyone else, have failures, as in the case of the "dart", where an ATGM was used as an anti-aircraft missile.
    Underestimating the capabilities of BAE Systems is simply indecent.

    The Americans have THAAD, Patriot-PAC3 - more than modern missile defense / air defense systems. And this is not counting Burke and Tikanderogi with Idiga and SM-2/3 Bl are different.
    The Chinese have a bunch of working and promising systems. HQ-9A, HQ-12, HQ-26, etc. At the same time, taking as a basis the aging air defense systems (S-300, S-125, Krotal, Patriot), quite decent systems are created on the new element base.

    I may not be patriotic again, but that everyone "clung to" the inimitable S-300? Whether in PMU or in V variants? Why is it better than the same Aster or HQ-9A, or Patriot-PAC 2/3? Rockets, sample 10-20 years ago, the element base is in the same place, missiles weigh 3-4 times thicker, their overloads are less, the speeds are approximately equal .. That in the USSR / Russia the S-300 (350/2500) air defense system is better, than the West? Again the chants "URYA".
    Moreover, it is the West that can count on air defense in the form of the Air Force, in view of the enormous numerical and qualitative superiority over Russia / CSTO.
    Bongo correctly said that 25 years ago we had a crazy superiority in the amount of air defense equipment. But a quarter of a century is too much, and we cover 1/6 of the land.
    PS: It’s good that we have more or less modern facilities, but don’t think that we are behind a stone wall.
    1. 0
      18 November 2015 09: 03
      Quote: mvg
      SAM Aster-15 / 30 objectively one of the best to date.


      Explain why you decided so? 9m96 is fully consistent with all indicators of aster. The same Polement-Redoubt coincides in characteristics. Missiles, too, with the main steering wheels. Range and height are comparable.
      I do not see the advantages of Aster over our missiles.

      Block 2 - it’s certainly interesting here that the BR can fight with 3000-mi. But this is when ...

      Quote: mvg
      EM type 45 "Daring", also objectively the strongest EM URO in the world


      I do not agree. The radar there is really interesting. But in terms of capabilities (in aggregate), he is inferior to Burkes unambiguously. SM-2ER, SM-3, SM-6 do their job, not all of this can be done by an aster.
      Yes, and you wrote URO and not air defense. Here you can argue! Axes and LRASM is it possible to run with 45?

      Quote: mvg
      Why is it better than the same Aster or HQ-9A, or Patriot-PAC 2 / 3? Missiles, a sample of 10-20 summer ago, the element base there, weigh rockets 3-4 times thicker


      At least range. 9X96 in mass dimensions is comparable to competitors, 48н6 of the latest modifications is heavier, but also longer-range ...

      Quote: mvg
      The Americans have THAAD, Patriot-PAC3 - more than modern missile defense / air defense systems


      Then yes, Antei 2500 is inferior in terms of missile defense.
      1. +2
        19 November 2015 11: 48
        Quote: Falcon
        I do not see the advantages of Aster over our missiles.

        4,5 Mach, overloads over 50g, updata link and active homing at the final stage, 3-30km, weight 445kg

        9М96 / 9М96М 9М96Е2
        Length 2.5 m 4.75 m 5.65 m
        Diameter 125 mm 240 mm 240 mm
        Wingspan 480 mm
        Weight 70 kg 333 kg 420 kg
        Warhead weight 26 kg 24/26 kg
        Range 8-10-15 km according to various sources
        1 - 40 km / up to 60 km (for other data) 120 km (for aerodynamic purposes)
        30 km (for ballistic purposes)
        Maximum speed 900 m / s 900-1000 m / s
        Defeat height 5 - 20000 m 5 - 30000 m
        Cross overload 60 units (near the ground)
        20 units (at an altitude of 30000 m)

        Quote: Falcon
        Missiles, too, with the main steering wheels.

        Kiril: DG steering is not the same as PIF-PAF
        AS MINIMUM scheme with the DG rudders- thrust loss up to 10 (15%) and speed (control signal, steering machine, inertia due to jet reaction)

        PIF-PAF - this is deprived
        Quote: Falcon
        SM-2ER, SM-3, SM-6 do their job, not all of this can be done by an aster.

        All ships have a place (in front of the main complex VPU SYLVER) to accommodate 12 launchers of increased length: SYLVER A70 or Mk-41 .....
        Yes, you can’t integrate SM-2,3,6 in PAAMS.
        BUT! SYLVER A70 will host the Aster 45 and 60.
        the hole is closed
        1. 0
          19 November 2015 13: 00
          Quote: opus
          4,5 Mach, overloads over 50g, updata link and active homing at the final stage, 3-30km, weight 445kg


          Greetings Anton! drinks

          Aster 15 - 3m, in principle, like ours 9m96е2, Aster 30 only 4,5m - here yes, as I understand, we are sagging. Regarding active homing - so we have AGSN.

          Quote: opus
          Kiril: DG steering is not the same as PIF-PAF
          AS MINIMUM scheme with the DG rudders- thrust loss up to 10 (15%) and speed (control signal, steering machine, inertia due to jet reaction)


          I don’t understand, do they have 4 mini rocket engines there, or what?



          Quote: opus
          BUT! SYLVER A70 will host the Aster 45 and 60.

          Yes, but aster block 2 is promised after 2020. Yes, and SM-3, as I understand it, they will not close, only the marine analog of thaad will be
          1. +1
            19 November 2015 15: 24
            Quote: Falcon
            I don’t understand, they have 4 mini rocket engines there, or

            well, something similar.
            It is necessary to dig (patents US4465249A, DE3265731D1, EP0062563A1, EP0062563B1), probably one-component high-boiling, as in the Voyager.
            Roughly speaking, Laval nozzles with chokes.
            Go they, unlike the main engines of the rudders, do not give a loss of thrust, and the force is applied with the moment in the "right" place



            Quote: Falcon
            Yes, but aster block 2 is promised after 2020. D

            I'm booming the 45th DaringIs will survive until that time. Or? request
            Quote: Falcon
            Yes, and SM-3, as I understand it, they will not close

            no. Sm-3 blocks are planned right up to 2025
  6. 0
    17 November 2015 18: 06
    Quote: Author
    The first and second stages accelerates the rocket up to 4M speed, after which there is a separation of three arrow-shaped combat elements, which continue to fly by inertia. After separation, each of them acts independently and individually targeted, which increases the likelihood of defeat.


    Sergei .
    1.V = 3,5M - darts are detached at this speed.
    Fluctuations of 3,5M + are possible, but not up to 4M.
    / This is just a mistake. Maybe!!! get 4M for ATASK (Air To Air Starstreak) when starting from a helicopter / airplane
    2. You contradict yourself: either they fly by "inertia", or they are guided at the target "individually".
    After separation, they are not induced by anything (they have nothing to correct either)


    Each dart is unpowered but it is guided and has a delayed action fuse that detonates the warhead inside the target.
    fly like this (shown option for starting from an air carrier)


    hover something like this (the central mondule that is between the darts)
    The laser can target any single enemy in this zone, but points at targets slowly (on the order of 3 ° a second or less), giving lock tone when the laser is aligned with the target. By virtue of the pointing mechanism, the THEL will work best from a distance instead of from close range.

    ================================================
    In general, an air defense missile system credible (even in appearance)

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