The most productive Russian ace

38
The most productive Russian ace


It was 1919. Russian pilots from the British mission gathered on the pier to sail to Arkhangelsk, and then with the Vilkitsky expedition to get to Kolchak. The famous Russian ace Alexander Alexandrovich Kazakov came to say goodbye to them. “I will take you to my matchday,” he said, and headed for the hangar. Taking off, he made a regular circle above the airfield, and then, rising even higher, went into a dive and hit the ground with a stone. He was buried in a village cemetery under two cross to cross knocked together aviation propellers. So ended his life the most productive Russian ace. He was offered to leave Russia, but he did not want to. He could not continue to live in his homeland, since his soul was already filled with pain from the fratricidal war that was going on in the country.

Captain Alexander Kazakov graduated from the Gatchina Military Aviation School 7 in October 1914 of the year. From this school, by the way, there were many excellent army pilots, fearless fighters for Russia. The war for captain Alexander Kazakov began on December 29 of the year 1914 - the day of arrival on the Western front of the 4 corps air squad, in which he began service only twelve days ago. Able graduate was detained at the school for the development of high-speed and up-and-up monoplane "Moran-F". The first sorties beginner pilot struck everyone dashing. What tasks did the captain perform? Correction of artillery fire, near reconnaissance and bombardment of enemy positions, and when Ulyanin’s cameras came, then photo reconnaissance. And all this under enemy fire, on the unarmed Moran. Sometimes it seemed that his miracle was saved from the death of courage, resourcefulness, composure.

Time passed, but the aircraft still did not have weapons. It was difficult for the pilots to passively observe the flights of enemy airplanes in their rear. And then the craftsmen came up with a cat with mobile sharpened legs, which was lowered on a cable under the fuselage of the aircraft. Kazakov, one of the first pilots of the 5 Army, decided to test it in flight. The principle of operation of this device was as follows: the cat's foot, clinging to the enemy's airplane, blew up the cap, and he caused the detonation of the pyroxylin piece attached to the cat. 1 April 1915, the captain discovered a German Albatross biplane west of the Vistula near the village of Guz and began to pursue it. Having caught up with the enemy, he flew very low over him, trying to hook him with a lowered cat. Failure. Repeated call.



Here is a record of the conversation with the captain Kazakov: “... What was I supposed to do? Below me are two fronts, forty thousand of both Russian and German eyes watching from the trenches. Just go and do nothing, being a few meters from the enemy - a shame in front of all those 20000 Russian eyes ... The cursed cat caught and dangles under the plane. Then I decided to hit the German Albatross with wheels on top. Especially without hesitation, gave the wheel height down. Something exploded, a piece from the wing of my Moran hit my elbow. The Albatross swung to its side, then folded its wings and fell down. I turned off the motor - there was only one blade left on my screw. ”

Thus, the second air ram after captain P. Nesterov was executed. And for the first time it was practically proved that a skilled pilot, performing this maneuver, not only can stay alive, but is also able to save a combat vehicle.

The news of the exploit of Alexander Kazakov instantly spread throughout Russia. Soon, the Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich transferred the hero to the 19-th corporate corps, where he began to collect the best pilots - "moralists." High-ranking chief of aviation was preparing to create fighter units. Twenty days later, Kazakov became commander of the 19 Corps Corps.

Load increased. But things went better. Sent machine guns. Kazakov's squadron entered the 19 Corps of the 5 Army 3 September 1915. The command was a fairly trouble-free work of the aviators, and the pilots - attention to their needs. However, there is nothing eternal in this world. The Chief of Staff of the Supreme Commander ordered the detachment to be immediately relocated to Lutsk, informing that the detachment commander would receive further instructions at the place of destination. The next day, he was appointed commander of the 1 and fighter combat group, consisting of three squadrons.

Cossacks flew a lot and from each battle he emerged victorious. His fame as the best fighter pilot — the ace of aces of Russian aviation — was growing. He flew bravely, confidently and, according to the soldiers, “always joyful”. In the army, he was literally idolized. When the commander passed, everyone parted, giving way, and saluting to this tall, lean staff captain. Co-workers were aware that he could not tolerate clouds, and here was not only a dislike for the clouds themselves, but also a hatred for everything that was vague and muddy. “Tell me the truth,” demanded Alexander Alexandrovich from his subordinates, and he himself was always frank.

As soon as the battle group gained strength and showed the claws to the enemy, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich ordered to draw on the Nyupor boards an awesome emblem - a skull with bones.

“Outstanding military pilot and combat officer. His exceptional determination and courage always serves as a vivid example to subordinates. Modest, balanced character, very much loved by comrades and personnel. He doesn’t drink wine, ”the staff captain Kazakov certified. Add to this that for valor and bravery he was awarded the Order of St. George, was awarded five military orders and St. George weapons.



How many victories did Alexander Kazakov win in air battles? Military pilot Warrant Officer Smirnov, who served in his group, testifies that the commander shot down thirty-two enemy aircraft, seventeen of them over their territory. The same number was called by historians of the Russian military aviation Vyacheslav Tkachev and Edgar Meos.

The last 1958 of the year in December indicated that Kazakov’s number of downed opponents was thirty-two German and Austrian airplanes. Of these, fifteen opponents were shot down in the enemy rear, and they, according to the instructions of the military department, were not counted as being unverifiable. An official is always an official. Even military. And as it turned out, especially in Russia. Note that in all the belligerent countries, the pilots counted all the fallen aircraft, including tethered balloons.

The February Revolution barely touched the group that was lodged far from the ground units. Tense combat work absorbed all forces, it was not up to politics. But after the withdrawal of the armies of the South-Western Front across the Zbruch River, when Kazakov’s group relocated to the Dunaevtsy town and began to fly less, political passions penetrated here as well. The commander stayed away from these as yet verbal fights, believing that the army’s business was the defense of his native land, and not politicking. Wishing to support the declining prestige of the Provisional Government in the military, the Minister of War ordered to produce many non-commissioned officers as warrant officers, and also to raise a number of officers in rank. Did not pass increase and Kazakova. At the end of September, he was made a lieutenant colonel, and a few days before the October Revolution, the air force congratulated Kazakov on his colonel's shoulder straps.



However, the revolutionary events deprived Alexander Alexandrovich not only of the epaulettes, but also of their positions. The newly elected commander Pavlov suggested that he remain in the group as an ordinary pilot. In response, Kazakov shook his head. After a short-term service in the 7-m aviation fleet, where he served as commander, the first ace of Russia went to Petrograd. Here he was identified as a military expert, however, without flight-team work. However, not only Kazakov found himself in such a position. At one of the meetings, the military experts-aviators turned to Trotsky, but the “demon of the revolution” dealing with military issues did not trust the former officers, believing that these “eagles” wanted to make the air fleet “white” from the “red”.

Offended pilots interested in the British, who began the intervention in the north. They promised to send them to the front of the allies against the Germans. There were a lot of people willing. Kazakov hesitated, but Modrah persuaded him. The recruited Russian officers, equipped with secret appearances, reached Archangel.

Kazakov's telegram: “Murmansk. English command. According to the instructions of the captain of the English mission in Moscow, Sir Hill, five Russian pilots and thirty officers made their way to the 26 junction. Take the locomotive and wagon. "

The aviators who arrived in Murmansk were disappointed. Colonel Kazakov was “made” as captains, while captains Belousovich, Modrakh, Sveshnikov and Shebalin were enlisted as lieutenants of the British Air Force. The remaining officers (Letnaby and technical staff) became privates. To the question “when will they send us to continue to fight the Germans?”, The answer was: “Where the Bolsheviks are, there are Germans too. Do not look for them. Fight here. ”

The British formed two squadrons: Kazakov and Belousovich. They were based thirty kilometers from Arkhangelsk, on the banks of the Northern Dvina. Later, the captains Kossovsky and Matveyev, the lieutenant Abramov, arrived, flew to Newport by Lieutenant Beresnevich. All this was called the British-Slavic Air Corps, since the British also served in it. Aviation commander, English Major Moller.



Group raids on ships of the red Severodvinsk began flotillato other objects. And although not so many flew, it could not do without losses. Captain Sveshnikov, lieutenants Abramov and Kravets, lieutenant Karelin were killed. The captain of Kossovsky was captured by the verdict of the Military Council. The British who served in the corps also often did not return from flights.

Under extremely tragic circumstances, on the same day of 5 in March of 1919, Lieutenant Kropinov and midshipman Smirnov died, and Second Lieutenant Baidak received heavy injuries. On a stormy, stormy day, English Colonel Wanderspay arrived at the airfield, replacing Major Moller. The High Command ordered the activation of aviation operations. Wandespay decided to teach Russian flying in stormy conditions. To teach, staying on the ground. As a result, two of the three planes that flew into the air were smashed.

Two days later, finally realizing the state of affairs in the country, Lieutenant Anikin flew over to the airfield of the Soviet detachment. He was forgiven. And Colonel Wonderspay, still caught up with the punishment. A week after the tragedy in Berezniki, March 11, he was forced to sit in the location of the Red Army units, was caught in the swamps and transferred to Moscow.



At the end of October, 1918, captain of the British Air Force, Kazakov, was granted the highest English military order and the rank of major. And in January of the following year, he shot down the Soviet flying boat, thereby finally blocking the path to return to Soviet Russia. In addition, Kazakov experienced this “victory” hard. He fought a fratricidal war. To conclude the story about the Russian ace is an excerpt from the letters of the Mass: “In my opinion, Kazakov should be written off from the pages stories Russian aircraft can not be. He was the first ace of Russian military aircraft, and committed suicide because he did not see a way out. Evacuate from Arkhangelsk and go to Kolchak, or, as a major of the British Air Forces to leave for England, Kazakov categorically refused ... "



Sources:
Bogdanov P., Shcherbakov A. Air Aces. // Aviation and cosmonautics. 1992. No.11. C. 28-29.
Bodrikhin N. The best aces of the XX century. M .: Yauza, Eksmo, 2013. C. 66-68.
Lavrenets V. Kavaler George. // Civil Aviation. 1993. No.8. C. 38-39.
Kulikov V. The second after Nesterov. // Wings of the Motherland. 1991. No.2. C. 14-15, 19.
Kulikov V. For Victory. Chronicle of the 1 th combat air group. // Aviamaster. 1999. No.6. C. 4-5, 15-17.
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38 comments
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  1. +18
    14 August 2015 06: 11
    Thanks to the author. Tired of reading about the outskirts. Thanks again for the story
  2. +4
    14 August 2015 06: 49
    Thank you for the article. There are many interesting little-known facts.
    1. -2
      14 August 2015 10: 38
      as a major of the British Air Force to leave for England, Kazakov categorically refused ..


      Well, they’re trying to raise another traitor, the first Vlasov was fighting the Stalin regime, then Kolchak was fighting for the One and the indivisible, now Kazakov (and I'm not trying to reduce the number of his air victories) is the first Russian ace and he’s long on the list. And what’s interesting is that all these fighters and saviors were (please pay attention to) official service in Great Britain and Germany. . . (the list goes on, well, with whom we still fought there). They are trying hard to drive into our heads that switching to the enemy’s side (and they were officially at war with Red Russia and the USSR) was a forced step and has nothing to do with treason.
      Well, what can I say, the level of tolerance in the brain is increasing, since the beginning of sadomites this is normal, now traitors are in the name of saving Russia.
      1. +2
        14 August 2015 11: 13
        Lenin took money from the Germans, crossed Germany in a sealed train car, signed a separate peace, shot the tsar’s family, nationalized, repressed, started the Red Terror ... but you don’t notice these crimes.
        Kolchak occupied 80% of the territory of the former Empire. The Bolsheviks in those years had a narrow strip of land between St. Petersburg and Moscow. So where was the motherland
        For 70 years we have been driven into the heads of fairy tales about the good Lenin and honest Bolsheviks. Now what to say when everything has surfaced and has become known, is it worth repeating the Raykomov sermons?
        1. dmb
          +2
          14 August 2015 13: 01
          And all this was obviously told to you by the gentleman depicted in the avatar. The next time you give a list of the sins of the Bolsheviks, refer to the sources for confirmation. An interesting picture will turn out. As a rule, they consist of the memoirs of the emigrated Esauls, who were personally present when Lenin received money and gave them orders regarding the "unpirator", and the writings of those "historians" who are now called liberals. Due to the fact that the latter belong to a nationality poorly perceived by the "Cossack Esauls", such unanimity is especially amusing. And do not forget, if possible, to tell what your parents were doing and how often they publicly moaned about the "damned commies" before 1991.
          1. 0
            14 August 2015 17: 15
            Esaul usually wrote about what they saw and what they witnessed.
            These memoirs are at least not inferior to the writings of various historians, whose line fluctuated with the line of the party. In any case, they were written without censorship.
            Which until the year 91 almost permeated the whole society and made impossible any criticism. Please provide critical articles on the activities of Brezhnev or Khrushchev printed in the Soviet press during their reign. Sorry, party leadership.
            1. dmb
              0
              14 August 2015 21: 23
              Did I write somewhere that this was possible in Soviet times? Under the "esauls" they were also exiled to hard labor for this. I was talking about the reliability of your statements. But you cannot substantiate them with anything. And about the relationship of close relatives, they deigned to keep silent. Apparently they also fluctuated in accordance with the line.
        2. 0
          14 August 2015 13: 19
          Lenin took money from the Germans, crossed Germany in a sealed wagon,


          But he did not officially serve in Germany and did not wear their uniform (in the photo he was in an aglitsa uniform so that they would not say, he probably even gave the oath, otherwise?).
          1. +1
            14 August 2015 17: 23
            Gorbachev also officially was not in the service of the Americans. But he did this, simply because of his incompetence.
            Lenin entered into negotiations with the enemy. With the Kaiser. And he is not alone.
            So what about the English uniform? He fought for the idea. The English were allies for him. After 20 years in the skies of London, people with English uniforms, many with Slavic names fought against the Nazis.
        3. -2
          14 August 2015 20: 43
          Quote: Cap.Morgan
          Lenin took money from the Germans, crossed Germany in a sealed train car, signed a separate peace, shot the tsar’s family, nationalized, repressed, started the Red Terror ... but you don’t notice these crimes.
          Kolchak occupied 80% of the territory of the former Empire. The Bolsheviks in those years had a narrow strip of land between St. Petersburg and Moscow. So where was the motherland
          For 70 years we have been driven into the heads of fairy tales about the good Lenin and honest Bolsheviks. Now what to say when everything has surfaced and has become known, is it worth repeating the Raykomov sermons?

          And who did you take money from? from the USA, and now you are repaying debts with interest.
      2. +4
        14 August 2015 13: 11
        Quote: user
        Well, they’re trying to raise another traitor,

        And whom did he betray?
        Homeland? People? Or do you consider betrayal of participation in the fratricidal war?
        1. +3
          14 August 2015 13: 16
          Homeland? People? Or do you consider betrayal of participation in the fratricidal war?


          You read the article again and pay attention to the fact that he was in the official service of Great Britain, which cannot be said about the ordinary participants in the white movement, here they fought for their homeland, as they understood this and it does not matter that they lost.
          In general, judging by the number of minusers for many, this is also not a problem (in the sense it does not matter who to serve, the main thing is for freedom).
      3. +1
        14 August 2015 19: 52
        Quote: user
        And what’s interesting is that all these fighters and saviors were (please pay attention to) official service in Great Britain and Germany. . .

        In the interrogations of Kolchak, before his execution, there is an interesting fact. He did not deny the Provisional Government, because it came to power after the abdication of Nikolai Romanov from the throne, being his successor. And until the October Black Sea Fleet, Kolchak quite successfully collaborated with the Bolsheviks. The Bolsheviks, however, came to power as a result of an armed coup, while denying the continuity of Soviet Russia and the Empire. And even after October, the admiral did not immediately start a war against Bolshevism. So Kolchak’s speech is the result of a mistake by the new authorities.
  3. +8
    14 August 2015 07: 10
    Patriot. He was ready to crumble a bit, but he could not fight against his compatriots. Tragic death.
  4. +3
    14 August 2015 07: 13
    Thank you, we should continue this series ... The high-ranking aviation chief was preparing to create fighter squads.... But the high-chef himself could fly an airplane ..?
  5. 0
    14 August 2015 08: 20
    Hmm, it would be better if he turned red. Maybe he fought against Hitler.
    1. +4
      14 August 2015 08: 44
      Hmm, it would be better if he turned red

      I doubt that I would have managed to live to 41, he was true, but this is not the condition under which it was possible to survive during the purges ..
      1. +2
        14 August 2015 12: 54
        Quote: Trom
        I doubt that I would have managed to live to 41, he was true, but this is not the condition under which it was possible to survive during the purges ..

        Rokossovsky, Baghramyan, Kuznetsov and others, really honest, survived and became marshals. And this suggests that the truthful survived and even took their rightful place. Moreover, even such scum as General Pavlov and Vlasov survived.
        Well, according to Tukhachevsky, Bukharin and Trotsky, only Solzhenitsin’s lover can shed tears.
        1. +1
          14 August 2015 13: 26
          Rokosovsky, Baghramyan and Kuznetsov were neither noblemen nor officers. On the contrary, they were people fostered by Stalin and personally obliged to him.
          Rokosovsky, by the way, was repressed in the case of Tukhachevsky, served several years.
          Pavlov is to blame for the fact that he was appointed to command troops in the western direction and he could not restrain Hitler? So no one could.
          Trotsky - the founder of the Red Army, the inspirer of all victories, the organizer of the October Revolution. It's strange that you do not like him.
    2. +8
      14 August 2015 09: 33
      But didn’t the Reds kill the same Russians? He could not participate in the Fratricidal War, it was not in politics ...
    3. +3
      14 August 2015 13: 14
      Quote: lilian
      Hmm, it would be better if he turned red. Maybe he fought against Hitler.

      They would not have given, would have been shot as an enemy of the people. Such then was the policy of the Bolsheviks.
  6. +5
    14 August 2015 09: 00
    Eternal memory and glory to the hero.
  7. 0
    14 August 2015 11: 44
    Wonderful Russian pilot and patriot. Gold fund of the country.
  8. +3
    14 August 2015 11: 57
    Alexander Kazakov is a real RUSSIAN OFFICER.
    It is good that they began to remind about our heroes more often, maybe the growing up boys will become equal to their great ancestors. And we will apply all our skills so that children do not take fake "heroes" from films as an example.
    1. +2
      14 August 2015 12: 51
      Quote: Coboklo
      An example of fake "heroes" from films.

      What movies ??? From the Soviet ???
      Like, do not take an example from Maresyev? Letenant Maleshkina? Or maybe to the commander of "Varyag" Rudnev ??? Or maybe from the heroes of the Soviet film "Admiral Ushakov"? Or are you talking about Stirlitz and Medvedev? Who is the fake hero in Soviet films ????
      I hope they are Russian films. Yes, from different Boomers there, you should not take an example ...
  9. +4
    14 August 2015 12: 48
    Quote: Cap.Morgan
    Kolchak occupied 80% of the territory of the former Empire.
    Yes, Kolchak occupied 80% of the territory and at least 40% of the territory, as you say, of the former Empire was drowned in blood. Russia did not know such sadism.

    You are right only in one thing, at that time it was difficult for a Russian person to understand what kind of power would be for the good of Russia, and which side to choose. Time, of course, put everything in its place. It was thanks to the Bolsheviks that Russia became a real empire and survived in World War II. But go to the 1918 year, understand this. Here, Kazakov, at first considered that the truth was behind the white guard and the gold miners (not surprisingly, he himself was one of them), and, having fought on their side, he realized that white (Kolchak proved it well) was not the good of the country. This, as I understand it, pushed him to such an end.
    1. -2
      14 August 2015 13: 11
      I would like to ask, would there be a Great Patriotic War without the Bolsheviks? Of course it is difficult to predict something, but the Entente was unlikely to allow Germany to unfold, a war on Hitler’s two fronts would be ensured from the very beginning.
      The Bolsheviks themselves put themselves in a disadvantageous situation. Forgot who brought the world revolution to the oppressed working class of the Western countries? Of course, the West in such a situation dreamed of overthrowing the USSR.
      Kolchak's sadism cannot be compared with the "exploits" of Dzerzhinsky. On the one hand, the struggle of the white army against the partisans, on the other, terror against its own people.
      1. 0
        14 August 2015 16: 11
        I would like to ask, would there be a Great Patriotic War without the Bolsheviks? Of course it is difficult to predict something, but the Entente was unlikely to allow Germany to unfold, a war on Hitler’s two fronts would be ensured from the very beginning.


        Would the Entente exist until the 1939-40?
        1. +1
          14 August 2015 17: 28
          She existed. France, England, Poland ...
          Romania had an agreement with France. If Russia is integrated into this scheme, a complete picture is obtained.
    2. +2
      14 August 2015 13: 22
      Quote: qwert
      Yes, Kolchak occupied 80% of the territory and at least 40% of the territory, as you say, of the former Empire was drowned in blood. Russia did not know such sadism.

      Grandma told me. When civilians seized the village, whites raked out food, but always left part of the peasants so that they would not starve to death. When the Reds came, the food was raked out cleanly, the houses were left cleaned. If one of the peasants requested that they leave at least for the children, they simply put a family on the wall and shoot them so that they would not starve am
      That's how they fought "for the happiness" of the peasants. Red terror.
      Grandmother was born in 1905.
  10. +2
    14 August 2015 13: 28
    The topic grew into an ordinary dispute between "monarchists" and "communists".

    He was a good man, a good pilot. Ace of his business in the truest sense of the word.
    1. -2
      14 August 2015 13: 50
      Quote: aviator1913
      The topic grew into an ordinary dispute between "monarchists" and "communists".

      Some characters on both sides still cannot understand that the civil war is over and the people are again united. Provocateurs, nothing more.
      1. 0
        14 August 2015 14: 21
        Most likely not provocateurs, but simply unhappy people. Their thoughts, dreams and moans are in the past, like the Russian Empire and the USSR ..
        1. +1
          14 August 2015 15: 28
          In past? This past knocked on the door in Ukraine. In the form of a fascist-Bandera. Tell me, in what kind of terrible dream could you have dreamed?
          Such a past can come back in Russia.
          1. 0
            14 August 2015 16: 27
            Bendera's people will also gradually enter the mainstream. They are simply "working hands" for overthrowing the old regime. Gradually they will be killed or bought out by various political forces and they will cease to be a problem ...

            With the same success, if a revolution breaks out in Russia, they will use all kinds of "Russian, Tatar, Chechen" nationalists, as well as all kinds of "Limonovites", "monarchists" and "Cossacks."

            These are tools, hotheads ready to die for the sake of an idea; it is precisely such people who like to use politicians to forcibly overthrow regimes.
    2. The comment was deleted.
  11. 0
    14 August 2015 22: 34
    qwert- I support you.
    Most as a child, right. No way to express your opinion. Soon it will be: Hello, no, not so good! ... and you have a choice.
  12. 0
    14 August 2015 23: 37
    Quote: valokordin
    Quote: Cap.Morgan
    Lenin took money from the Germans, crossed Germany in a sealed train car, signed a separate peace, shot the tsar’s family, nationalized, repressed, started the Red Terror ... but you don’t notice these crimes.
    Kolchak occupied 80% of the territory of the former Empire. The Bolsheviks in those years had a narrow strip of land between St. Petersburg and Moscow. So where was the motherland
    For 70 years we have been driven into the heads of fairy tales about the good Lenin and honest Bolsheviks. Now what to say when everything has surfaced and has become known, is it worth repeating the Raykomov sermons?

    And who did you take money from? from the USA, and now you are repaying debts with interest.

    And who did you take from? Or are you working for no reason, at the behest of the heart, so to speak?
  13. +2
    15 August 2015 01: 11
    Time of Troubles is a tragedy for honest people.
  14. -1
    15 August 2015 20: 31
    He bored, having crossed out his exploits in the name of Russia.
  15. +1
    16 August 2015 06: 45
    Thanks for the interesting stuff.
  16. 0
    20 August 2015 22: 44
    I would have been glad not to write about Kazakov’s service after the revolution. But after all, it will not be right to conceal either.

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