15 years. My 75 number 949
And why not now do tattoos with the numbers of concentration camps instead of the newfangled snakes and other images that are in fashion today? Why not start such a movement, not to stir up the forgotten memory of the ordeals of our people?
Evgeny Vasilievich Moiseyev, Chairman of the Board of the Rostov Regional Branch of the Interregional Public Organization “Society of Former Russian Prisoners”, became a minor prisoner of concentration camps in the distant 1942 year, when he was raided and sent to Germany, in the city of Dessau.
“We dreamed about escape from the very beginning upon arrival at the camp. The first attempt to escape from the camp failed. In the next barrack we met guys who dreamed of the same. There were eight of them. They thoroughly discussed the preparation and decided to escape. At night we ran out to the train, they tracked down the cars in which the valves on the windows had not been closed beforehand. They got into the cars. One of the smokers had scrubbed a shag near the car in order to keep the dogs off the track, "said Vasilyevich.
It was dawning, a dog barking was heard, a German speech was heard. There was a round bypass. But the seals were in place on the closed doors, and the fugitives were not found. The train approached, and the train started moving. We drove, sometimes stopped. On the fourth day, they arrived in Poland, in the city of Torun, and at night they were discovered and taken to the Gestapo.
They were mocked, beaten, not allowed to drink. Placed in jail. They stayed there for several days. There were a lot of prisoners in prison. In the morning they were all taken out, loaded onto cars and taken to the train station. They brought them to the city of Malbork - again in prison. Different people, groans, sighs. On the wall you can see the scratched inscription: "From here is the way to Stutthof". It meant death. A few days later a group of prisoners and Rostovites were loaded into two trailers and sent to Stutthof concentration camp. A couple of hours later they were brought to the territory where the SS and the camp commandant's office were located.
"From now on you are not people, but ordinary numbers"
Towards rushed the guard shouting: "Shnell!" They started beating people so that they would jump out of the trailers faster, build, and then go towards the camp gate. Prisoners were already walking past to work in a striped form, exhausted, sick, rumbling with their shoes (clamps) to shouts: "Lynx, Lynx!" ("Left, left!"). They were escorted by the SS with dogs on leashes. And over the territory, two banners with a fascist swastika and an SS sign developed.
Rostovites and other prisoners walked past the “gates of death” (“gates”) and towers, found themselves behind a high barbed wire fence under high voltage. We stopped at the registry of the political department ("Politische Abteilung"), located on the territory of the women's camp. The chief, SS Hauptsturmführer Meyer, approached them and with contempt notified all the arrivals: "From now on you are not people, but ordinary numbers. You left all your rights outside the gate. Here you have only one right - to fly through this pipe."
At that moment, he pointed to the smoking pipe of the crematorium. Since then, the pipe of the crematorium has forever remained in the memory of the Rostovites as a symbol of Hitler’s violence and atrocities against defenseless and humiliated people.
Then they were brought to the hut (Noentsugang), stripped, trimmed naked, driven under a cold shower. In another room, they issued numbers with a red triangle - a symbol of political prisoners, striped clothes, and wooden shoes. Evgeny Moiseev's number was 17 322. Also, the Germans noted who has false metal or gold teeth. All this happened with beatings and kicks. Then they were sent to the block (barracks) No. XXUMX to Vacek Kozlovsky, known for his cruelty (he drove his own brother to the grave). One day he hit Eugene with a bullish resident for breaking the uniform - put the belt on and tightened it over the jacket (marinarki) to make it warmer. It was very painful, the bruise did not leave for a long time.
In the hut there were two rooms (shtoby) with bunks, where the prisoners slept together with fleas, and then with lice. And the second room, where the clothes were folded before bedtime. There was also a washroom. Here lay the dead dead prisoners, on whose chest numbers were written with a chemical pencil. From here, the special team of prisoners to the crematorium took them away daily on large carts. Other carts were loaded with dead prisoners from other barracks and also carried them to the crematorium. The bodies did not have time to burn. Therefore, the prisoners were burnt additionally in a huge dug pit of fuel. At the end of the old camp, not far from the crematorium, there was a gas chamber for 100 prisoners. They choked with gas. And there was a gallows near the crematorium.
The concentration camps were closed, no one came out alive. They were christened the camps of destruction (vernichtungslages). By the severity of their regime, they were divided into four categories. Stutthof belonged to the second category (the prisoners in it were not subject to re-education). One law reigned here: no one in the world should know what is happening behind the barbed wire. The SS could shoot a prisoner, hang, kill, throw at the mercy of dogs, beat, rob, etc. The prisoner was outlawed. He had no rights. No justice protected him, even though he was entered in the inventory book.
One can say of Stutthof as of Dante's hell: "Give up hope every one who enters here." The camp was located on the Baltic Sea coast, between Gdansk and the Vistula delta, in a triangle surrounded by water from all sides, which almost excluded the possibility of prisoners escaping. The camp was located in a swampy area, around were peatlands with a malignant chemical composition of water. For the constantly starving prisoners, it was suicidal, causing purulent swelling of the legs — phlegmon, often ending in death.
Medical worker Pan Chervinsky saw Eugene's legs in wounds. In the barrack №2 in the afternoon, putting sick legs on a chair, cut out a convex dark meat with a knife. It was terribly painful, but Eugene suffered. The medical worker covered some wounds with medicine, tied up with paper bandages. It became easier, gradually the wounds healed.
How the prisoners built a new camp
But work in the camp meant a delayed sentence of death, which came in a few months. Outside the camp, inmates worked in a brick factory. Eugene worked in the forest - it was hard work in cold and cold to prepare the territory for the construction of a new camp next to the old one.
Together with Yevgeny, the Rostovites worked: Vladimir Kunitsky, Nikolai Popov, Khachik Grigoryan. Stones, soil, sand, and tree roots were loaded into trolleys.
Kapo, a lame criminal inmate, screamed and pushed them: “Tempo!”, Thrashed him with a whip, bypassing the cart from both sides. The prisoners were dressed badly: a jacket (marinarka) with a number and a red triangle on the left side and striped trousers with a number on the left side. On the feet of wooden soles-klyumby. He suffered greatly from cold, had a cold, and had various illnesses. Exhausted by hard work, exhausted people could not stand it and died. Some fled to the guard to be shot, stopped terrible torment. The guards shouted: "Halt!" The prisoner continued to run. The queue from the machine - and the prisoner falls. Immediately run with a stretcher, carried away.
The working day in the camp began at six in the morning, and ended in 17.00 or 19.00. Verification in the camp was in the morning, afternoon and evening. They counted the prisoners, counted how many died and how much it was necessary to bring in new ones.
In 1942, the camp began to expand rapidly. Prisoners from Europe arrived in Stutthof. Once, Vladek Tomczyk from block из5 approached the Rostovites. He led Eugene and together with him V. Kunitsky, N. Popov, Pavlik-Ukrainian into the carpentry workshop. The eldest here was Kazik Krakow. In the office sat Cheslav Narushevich, and the master was Roman Olshevsky. Also worked here a few more prisoners. They carried out carpentry work: they made bunks (lushki), cages for rabbits, shoes (buns) and more.
And yet they fought
On the instructions of the Polish resistance activist, Yevgeny Moiseev sometimes, with or without a foreman, went with tools under the guise of repairs to the territory of the women's camp to the strike headquarters. There they learned from the worker Bolik Petrovsky about the arrival of new prisoners and the news from the front.
In 1943, a group of pilots arrived at the camp, some had a round target on the backs of a marinarka (jacket): in the middle there was a red dot surrounded by black. At the slightest suspicion of people, the guard could shoot at the carrier of such a target. Pilots were called: Alexander Pasin, Kostya Shchitov, Yuri Turcan. They worked on loading and unloading operations in the camp and tried to support the youth. Thanks to them guys swede and potatoes.
In the spring of 1943, typhus and typhoid fever broke out in the camp. Yevgeny Moiseyev fell ill, he was placed in a revier (hospital). He started having a high fever, delirium, but lying on the lower bunks, near the door, he still looked at how Volodya Safonov, a Rostovite, was taken out on a stretcher by him, with whom they fled. They were not treated here, they only hurried to bring it to the crematorium.
A few days later the Germans in white coats approached the open doors. Sign feared. Looked at. One German asked Eugene: "Who are you?" He replied: "I am Russian." The German quickly put a pill on his lips and left. It was the representative of the camp administration, Yevgeny recognized him. In the camp, he helped the Russians with something. Evgeny Moiseev survived this time. He continued to work in the woodwork.
In April, 1943, he met with his fellow countryman Timofey Vasilyevich Prokhorov. He was distinguished from many prisoners by his strong-willed and courageous character. He was an active participant in the underground organization in the camp, led all propaganda work among European prisoners.
From Stutthof to Mauthausen
From March to May, 1945, the Nazis staged an evacuation of prisoners from the Stutthof concentration camp. It was a death march. They took a huge number of prisoners and drove to the west. Those who could not go were shot. We loaded prisoners on barges and drowned them in the Baltic Sea. Their fate was terrible. A small number of prisoners survived from the death march. They hit Mauthausen.
In 1938, the most sinister, most brutal fascist death camp Mauthausen was built. From there, the prisoners did not come out alive. Around the gate of the camp was a stone wall, there were towers with machine guns, wire with high voltage was stretched. Approximately 250 thousand people passed through the gates of Mauthausen. The first victims in the concentration camp were German communists and socialists, over 1500 people. Over 5500 people were Republican Spaniards, 8203 people were French communists, maki-partisans who died in the quarries of Mauthausen, and 4473 people were Czech patriots.
186 steps
Mauthausen was a central distribution camp, it operated 49 branches, the largest of which were Gusen, Ebensee, Melk, Lin. 32 180 Soviet citizens died in Mauthausen. Total killed 130 thousands of people.
Known for the hard work of the quarry "Wiener graben" - the ladder of death from 186 uneven steps. The prisoners took stones on their shoulders and carried them up the steps. If a prisoner fell with a stone, it was a terrible tragedy. At the top of the site, SS men usually defiantly shot prisoners in order to increase fear. 10-12 people were shot every day. "Penalty team" wore stones from the bottom up, and at the end of the working day of death "penalty box" carried the corpses of their comrades up to the crematorium.
But also in Mauthausen there was a heroic struggle against fascism. The most incredible was the escape of suicide bombers from the 20 block. On the night of 2 on 3 February, 1945 of the year ran around 700 people - Soviet soldiers and officers and a few others from other countries. They fled in absolutely unbelievable conditions, with huge sacrifices.
The immortal feat of the Soviet general, Dmitry Mikhailovich Karbyshev, became a legend, an example of valor and heroism for the prisoners. On the night of 17 on 18 February, 1945, after brutal torture, the Nazis brought General Karbyshev out into the cold, took off all his clothes, and began to pour cold water on his hose until his body turned into an ice pillar. The corpse was burned in the furnaces of Mauthausen. To the prisoners, he said: "The main thing is not to submit, do not fall on your knees in front of the enemy!" His last words before execution were: "Cheer up, comrades! Think of your Homeland, and courage will not leave you!"
My new 75 number is 949
In June, 1944, the Soviet troops approached Poland. The crematorium and the gas chamber of the crematorium could not cope with the destruction of prisoners. Five of the Rostovites and other prisoners, when they were brought to Mauthausen, were placed in quarantine in the 17 block. They received new numbers on white matter with red triangles, which meant - political prisoners, and the letter R - Russian.
Evgeny Moiseev's number was 75 949. After quarantine, he was sent to the branch (team) Gusen and placed in block number XXUMX. Eugene worked in the workshops, they were called stayer. Other guys Rostovites distributed in different blocks. They worked on loading and unloading.
In the concentration camp of Gusen, as in Mauthausen, there were high-voltage fences, towers, and guards. Inside - the crematorium. Awesome regime, executions, beatings, gas destruction, constant hunger, diseases. In the hospital they died from exhaustion and disease, did not even give water. In the morning, in the afternoon, and in the evening, the building of prisoners for roll call took place. We worked in the camp from early morning until late evening.
Evgeny Moiseenko worked on a milling machine, on plumbing, brought the finished parts to the technical control department. Two Poles worked here: Zygmund Bromorsky, a lawyer from the city of Gdynia, and a professor at the University of Warsaw, whose name and surname Yevgeny Vasilievich Moiseyev did not recall for a long time. Interesting, friendly, intelligent people, were interested in life in the Soviet Union. About Russia responded very well. Eugene, in turn, told them with joy about his homeland. It was a vent at the time. They were talking while the warden was leaving. Zigmund Bromorsky said to Eugene: "If you are alive, you will be released, you will come back to your homeland, to Rostov, you must learn, you will get an education, you will become a good specialist or a scientist."
Beaten for the protection of the word "Russian"
Once, while building (apel), a criminal, having seen on Yevgeny Moiseyev’s vest a number with a red triangle and the letter R, called him a Russian pig. Eugene could not stand it and answered him: "You yourself are a pig." Then the felon complained to capo and said that he was insulted. Evgenia was immediately beaten by guma (rubber truncheons).
When the construction was over, Eugene was dragged to the warehouse of the blanks, where they continued to beat. Prisoners who saw him being beaten said this to the head of the artisans. He came running and shouted: "He's 15 years old, it's a boy!" The elder capo replied: "The 15-year-olds are fighting at the front." Then the head of the artisans said to Eugene: "Get up and go." Eugene barely reached his place of work. He worked all day, overcoming pain. In the evening, the prisoners, taking him by the arms, helped him to the barrack. At night, he did not sleep, and in the morning he barely reached the hospital. When the SS man saw him bloodied, he shouted: "Take him away!" And pointed to the bunks. When Eugene approached the bunks, he saw a health worker - prisoner Nikolai Shilov from Stutthof. He recognized Yevgeny, called him by name, laid him on separate bunks. The health worker helped Eugene survive. So he miraculously survived again.
5 May 1945 of the Year - Release
There was anti-fascist resistance in the camp. An international underground committee was secretly active. A rebellion was being prepared. It broke out when Soviet troops were approaching Mauthausen. Esesovtsy fled, the Austrian police guarding the towers, also later fled. 5 May 1945, the Mauthausen concentration camp and its affiliates, including Gusen, were released. The prisoners dealt with the fascist gangsters and capos who did not manage to escape.
What happened after
Upon returning home, Evgeny Vasilyevich graduated from the mine-rescue technical school, then the Rostov Machine-Building Institute. He worked at Rosselmash, participated in the creation and implementation of new technology.
The testament of his old comrade in the concentration camp Zigmund Bromorsky Evgeny Vasilievich Moiseyev fulfilled. True, he quit boxing: he could not beat people after everything he had experienced.
Every year, thousands of people from different countries visit Mauthausen to pay tribute to the victims of the Hitlerite concentration camp and to swear an oath to preserve peace over the ashes of the dead and to prevent the recurrence of fascist barbarism in any of its manifestations. 12 May 1968, the grand opening of the monument to the victims of fascism in the territory of the former Stutthof concentration camp in Poland took place. Evgeny Vasilievich Moiseev participated in the composition of the Soviet delegation, met with friends from different countries with whom he had to suffer and survive. In May 1977, the Soviet Committee of War Veterans sent a group of war veterans to Austria — participants in the battles for the liberation of Austria and former prisoners of the Mauthausen concentration camp, who took part in the international demonstration of former prisoners of the camp.
Now Evgeny Vasilievich Moiseev is the chairman of the board of the Rostov branch of the Society of Former Russian Prisoners of Mauthausen (OBRUM).
11 April 2015 city
On the International Day for the Liberation of Prisoners of Nazi Concentration Camps 11 on April 2015 in Rostov-on-Don, a rally of the city’s public was held in Rostov-on-Don in the framework of the action “Nobody is forgotten, nothing is forgotten.” The event was attended by pupils of gymnasium No. XXUMX and the multi-disciplinary lyceum of the Oktyabrsky district of Rostov-on-Don, Vice-President of the Rostov Association of Anti-Fascist Resistance fighters Moiseev Yevgeny Vasilyevich, RAU veteran Lieutenant Colonel of the Reserve Shevkunov Nikolai Fedorovich, representative of the Rostov City Club of Youth and Veterans "Patriot" Stasyuk Alexander Pavlovich, representative of the initiative group for the creation of an electronic museum "Young Guard" Romensky Alexey Anatolyevich.
The rally participants expressed their unanimous opinion to seek restoration of the memorial - the mass grave of Red Army prisoners of war and residents of Rostov-on-Don who died in the Gross Lazaret No. XXNX death camp during the Great Patriotic War, and ask the President of the Russian Federation for help and support Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin.
Moses is still in the ranks, despite their 88 years. His fascists did not break. And he is still struggling with any manifestation of fascism.
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