Hurt Hitler everyone could
For which Soviet citizens got into the list of personal enemies of the Fuhrer
Many have heard about Hitler’s personal enemies list more than once. It included different people: politicians - leaders of states hostile to Nazi Germany, the military, artists and athletes. Most of them do not need an introduction: Joseph Stalin, Franklin Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, Charles de Gaulle, Dwight Eisenhower, Bertold Brecht, Josip Broz Tito, George Zhukov, Alexander Marinesko, Ilya Starinov, Yuri Levitan, Kukryniksy, football players of Kiev “D” who beat German pilots in the "death match", black-skinned Olympic runner from the USA Jesse Owens. But there were those on this list whose names today are not known to everyone. "Russian planet" decided to restore historical justice and devote publication to these little-known heroes.
Black General - Russian James Bond
Dayan Bayanovich Murzin was born on January 20, 1921, in Bashkiria. He studied at the teacher, he worked as a rural teacher, for his success he received an honorary diploma. When the Soviet-Finnish war began, he rushed to the front, but he had a chance to make war only in the Great Patriotic War. After graduating from the Riga Military School, Dayan Murzin served in the 10 Rifle Division of the Baltic Military District. There he found the war. From her first day, Murzin was on the front line.
In the next battle he was wounded, lost consciousness. Two soldiers carried Murzin on a cape, but it wasn’t enough to go that far, and Dayan Bayanovich asked his comrades to leave him. Fortunately, the wounded was picked up by local residents and taken to the hospital. Having recovered a bit, Murzin decided to catch up with his division, but got into the Yampolsky group of partisans "For the Motherland" and stayed there. At first he was appointed commander of a reconnaissance platoon, and then a company commander.
The group "For the Motherland" was part of the guerrilla compound S.A. Kovpaka and acted in Belarus. Guerrillas staged daring sabotage: derailed trains, blew up warehouses, bridges and roads.
In 1942, Murzin organized a partisan detachment in Ukraine, and a year later in Moldova. In 1944, Murzin was transferred to Czechoslovakia, where he became chief of staff and then commander of the famous international partisan brigade named after Jan Жižka.
“I was the brigade commander, it consisted of five detachments,” Dayan Bayanovich recalled. - This is more than 2 thousand people. And then I was all 23 year. And then the command ordered me to release the beard, so that I looked more solid. With a beard I was given 45 years - that was how I went through until the end of the war. The beard was broad, black. It was for her that they called me the Black General.
There were heavy battles, the brigade inflicted heavy damage on the enemy, and the Germans began to inject their agents into it. One of the spies managed to bring the machine gunners to the partisans, a battle ensued, in which Dayan Murzin was wounded in both legs, but still managed to escape by jumping into the river. The rapid current carried him away from enemy bullets. After that, the hero hid in an empty bear den for four days and was close to death. Punishers combed the forest, their dogs circled very close, but the Germans did not understand exactly where the partisans were, and burned a haystack in 15 meters from it.
Having recovered from his injuries, Dayan Murzin begins to smash the enemy with a new force. Upon learning that the death of German soldiers - the work of "some pathetic gang of partisans," Hitler was enraged. He puts Murzin on his list of personal enemies and assigns 3 million Reichsmarks for the living Black General, and 2 million for the dead.
The operation to destroy the guerrillas entrusted Otto Skorzeny himself, and the brigade begins a total hunt. In order to save her, the command decides to transfer the partisans together with their commander to the border of Slovakia. The village, in which part of the partisans remained, the Nazis razed to the ground, no one survived ...
Skorzeny joyfully reported to Hitler that the gang had been destroyed and was awarded. But after some time, the "destroyed" detachment, headed by the "dead" commander, in front of the very nose of the enemy captures the commander tank army of General Muller. The partisans managed to find out that Muller likes to visit the estate of the landowner, where a relative of one partisan works as a housewife. She helped the partisans to seize Mueller.
The black general personally interrogates the commander, promises to save his life in exchange for important information and seeks his own. The word Murzin kept: Muller left alive.
Partisan detachments from the Jan ижižka Brigade liberated the cities of Vsetín, Zlín, and took an active part in the anti-fascist uprising in Prague. According to some reports, they also detained the traitor general Vlasov.
Dayan Murzin. Photo: Andrey Starostin / RIA News
The Englishman John Hauland, whose father served with Dayan Murzin, wrote a book about the Black General. In this book, he compares Murzin as much as James Bond, and not even in favor of the latter. According to the author, the real feats of the partisan commander largely overshadow the literary adventures of the 007 agent.
Dayan Murzin, like the other "person involved" of Hitler's personal enemy "saboteur No. 1" Ilya Starinov, had various awards, but did not receive the title of Hero of the Soviet Union ...
In peacetime, Dayan Bayanovich proved himself in various fields of activity. He first worked in the public education system, then became a lawyer and worked in law enforcement agencies, served as deputy minister of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Bashkir ASSR. He lived a long life - 91 year.
In order to get on Hitler’s list of personal enemies, it was not at all necessary to serve in the army, it was enough just to have anti-fascist views and express them in literature or painting.
The author of the joke-killer
In the 70s in Britain, the comedy show Monthy Python ("Monty Python") was released - purely English humor, with unexpected plot twists and a great deal of absurdity. One of the most successful sketches of this show was dedicated to a killer joke, with which the British successfully fought the Nazis during World War II. But the creators of the show could hardly know that the killer joke really existed in history, only the British applied it, but the Russians.
Cartoonist Vladimir Aleksandrovich Galba was born in 1908 year in Kharkov. He lived in Leningrad, from 18 years participated in exhibitions, collaborated with many newspapers and magazines. He drew anti-fascist cartoons from the 30-s. And when the war began and Leningrad found itself in the blockade, Galba’s caricatures were published every day in Leningradskaya Pravda, people were waiting for them with impatience.
At one of the caricatures in the football gates, the mad goalkeeper, Hitler, rushes about, and in the net there is a mountain of skulls in German helmets. So the Soviet artist responded to Goebbels's dictum: “German, war is football. Instead of the ball, we play with human heads. ”
And the joke-killer, about which we want to tell, appeared not in the newspaper, but directly on the front line. In 1942, Vladimir Galba arrived from the besieged city on the Leningrad front. The fighters accepted him as an old friend and asked him to paint something specifically for them.
Galba attached a sheet of thick paper to the log wall of the dugout with buttons and took a pencil with a soft stylus. After a few minutes, the crowd laughed when they saw Hitler, who looked like a stray dog. Then the artist painted a fat hog - Goering, an evil monkey - Goebbels. The Red Army Sniper said to Galba: “You have great fun, caustic and aptly! But could you lure the enemy out of the shelter? ”-“ Let's try, ”Vladimir Alexandrovich smiled mysteriously.
And drew a couple of cartoons on Hitler. We will not describe them in detail: it’s too indecent ... Let us just say that the fascist leader was depicted in his tunic, but without trousers and underwear. The soldiers laughed, and then, on the orders of their political leader Fokin, they smashed these drawings into squares and proportionally transferred them to huge pieces of gauze. At night, these "canvases" the scouts stretched before the trenches of the fascists on power lines and stakes.
As they wrote in the newspaper “Neva Time”, having seen the caricatures, “the Nazis opened fierce fire from guns and mortars at the giant cartoons. Moreover, in order to disrupt them, a lot of soldiers were thrown into battle. Our machine gunners and snipers are not asleep. Leaving many corpses on the field, the enemies left home. ” Their shots only pierced gauze, leaving the arts unscathed.
Vladimir Galba. Source: wikipedia.org
“This is the case,” said Galba, “when laughter killed in the literal sense of the word.” The political leader for this battle was awarded the Order, and Vladimir Alexandrovich for his drawings and posters was on the list of Hitler’s personal enemies. In the Big Encyclopedia, the caricature tells us that our intelligence officers found a list of those sentenced to be hanged from one of the dead Germans. It was said there that these enemies would be hanged "on Palace Square at the hour when the Wehrmacht's troops would enter the conquered Leningrad."
The best works of the artist of wartime entered the albums under the wonderful names "Blitz-cry" and "Fritz-howl", which were released in 1944 year. Already from these names it is clear that Galba was not only a talented artist, but also had an excellent literary word. He wrote satirical epigrams on the enemies of his homeland, for example: “The hanged Norwegian Terrier cannot hide the tail - Quisling”.
As a correspondent artist, Vladimir Galba attended the Nuremberg Trials. Until the end of his life he continued to do what he loved. Vladimir Alexandrovich died in the year 1984.
He predicted the plan "Barbarossa"
Well, the least known to the general public representative of the list of Hitler's personal enemies was, perhaps, the writer and journalist, and according to some data, the intelligence officer Ernst Henry (his real name Leonid Abramovich Khentov was also known as Semyon Rostovsky). Where he was born, it is difficult to say for sure: according to some data, it was Odessa, on the other - Tambov, on the third - Vitebsk. Sources agree that he was the son of the manufacturer. In his youth he became interested in politics, went to Germany and became a courier of the Comintern, and then a member of the German Communist Party. During this activity he was repeatedly arrested and was in Polish and German prisons. In the 1933 year, when Hitler came to power, Henry ended up in London by luck, and on the advice of his friends decided not to return to Germany. In England, he worked as a journalist, although it is believed that this was only a cover for intelligence activities. It is known that Ernst Henry was in contact with the famous Kim Philby and other members of the "Cambridge Five".
In any case, he is interesting to us not so much as a scout, but as a writer. In 1937, the book by Henry “Hitler against the USSR” was published, in which the plan of the forthcoming German attack on the Soviet Union was described in almost all details. Much is predicted there for sure: the Anschluss of Austria, the destruction of Czechoslovakia with the help of the Sudeten Germans, the list of Hitler’s main satellites. And most importantly - the victory of the USSR in the war. But not everything came true: for example, the author predicted that the Red Army would defeat Nazism with the help of the insurgent German proletariat. The German populace, according to Henry, should have risen after the very first bombs that fell on the roofs of their houses ...
Despite the obvious mistakes that were quite obvious by the beginning of the 1940s, it is believed that Stalin had carefully studied the book “Hitler against the USSR”. And it could well be true.
Here is what Yaroslav Dobrolyubov (Fatherland Notes, 2002, No. 1) writes in the article “The Splendor and Poverty of Military Futurology”: “If Henry mentally played for“ blacks ”, thinking through a possible Nazi strategy, the future Generalissimo tried to play“ for the Reds ” "on a real map of Europe. Henry predicted that instead of war in the West, Hitler, with the connivance of the Western powers, would go first to the East. Stalin did everything to make Paris meet German tanks much earlier than Moscow, and the war would make the western democracies reliable allies of the USSR ... ”And so on.
Ernst Henry. Source: Vitebsk Encyclopedia / http://evitebsk.com
The author himself at the beginning of 1970-x recalled: "I went such a joke that I made a break-in of the Nazi safes and found the plan" Barbarossa "there. All these are fairy tales, this plan, and then in draft, was drawn up somewhere in 1940 year. My work was the result of an analysis of the reality that is taking place, with what the historian of our time must deal with. I just put myself in the place of the fascists, tried to think in categories. ”
Well, Hitler for the book declared the author of his personal enemy. Or maybe for the daring trick in 1942, when Henry, right from the BBC studio, welcomed the Soviet intelligence officers and declared to the whole world that the USSR had one of the best intelligence services in the world and the Gestapo was powerless before it.
At the beginning of 50, Ernst Henry returned to the USSR, was arrested and spent four years in prison. After his release he was engaged in journalism and research work. Henry’s latest book, Anti-Man, was published in 1989, one year before his death, and was also dedicated to the leader of the Nazis.
These are the people on the list of Hitler’s personal enemies. Not so much in the history of politicians who could boast of such a list, and even so extensive. Why did the possessed Fuhrer collect enemies? For reasons of German pedantry? Afraid of someone undeservedly forget? Enjoy the process? Who will fascist him ...
But be that as it may, each new item on the list did not weaken its defendants, but, on the contrary, made them stronger. After learning about the inclusion of his name in the list of Hitler's personal enemies, they began to fight with a vengeance. Ultimately, an abundance of enemies and their courage killed Hitler. Because you have to be kinder to people, more humane or something ...
But, sadly, the cause of Hitler in a certain sense continues to live. Recently, due to the exacerbation of the international situation, politicians in different countries began to compete in who will find more enemies and loudly declare this. Most propaganda materials, regardless of ideological orientation, are built on a solid negative.
I would like to suggest: maybe it is better to do the opposite - to start making lists of friends? And generally concentrate on positive images - both from the past and from modernity. And laugh at the enemies, as did Vladimir Galba.
Information