Building a new aircraft carrier for the Russian Navy: disputes and discussions in the press
Possible construction of an aircraft carrier or aircraft carriers for the naval fleet Russia is one of the main topics discussed over the past few years. From time to time, various news and messages on this subject, which become a new occasion for discussion. In addition, several years ago, Russian experts first presented the possible appearance of a future aircraft carrier. The Ministry of Defense does not yet have clear plans for the construction of such ships, which, however, does not prevent disputes. In recent days, active discussions of this problem began in the domestic media.
The “controversy” of recent days began with an article published by Expert Online. The article “The Winged Dream of Sailors” by Alexey Khazbiev, published by 13 April, gave some facts about a possible program of building an aircraft carrier and the current state of affairs in this area. In addition, the publication of the first published one remarkable news.
A. Khazbiev began his publication by reporting that the Krylov State Research Center, the leading organization of Russian shipbuilding, received an export-design passport for a project of a promising aircraft carrier with a displacement of about 100 thousand tons. Thanks to this event, scientists and engineers can demonstrate their new development at international exhibitions of weapons and equipment for the naval forces. Accordingly, foreign countries that have a desire to strengthen their naval forces with new aircraft carriers will be able to obtain the necessary information about the Russian project.
Further in the article “The Winged Dream of Seafarers,” some already known facts about the development of promising projects are mentioned. So, the existence of a new development of the Krylov State Research Center became known only a few weeks ago. Then the deputy general director of this organization, Valery Polyakov, reported on the creation of a conceptual model of a promising ship, which combines the latest scientific and technical ideas and requests from the military, but is not yet a full-fledged project. This conceptual model is the basis for all further work and determines the appearance of both the aircraft carrier itself and its individual systems.
Also, "Expert Online" cites the words of the head of the author's group of the Center, Valentin Belonenko, revealing some features of the model. In its current form, the proposal implies the construction of a ship capable of carrying about a hundred aircraft of various classes and types. The air group will have to include a deck modification of the T-50 fighter, Ka-32 helicopters, long-range radar vision aircraft, etc. In addition, a special form of the ship’s hull has been developed, which reduces water resistance by almost 20%. Due to a number of know-how, it is alleged that a promising aircraft carrier will be able to provide work aviation even in a storm.
The new aircraft carrier will be equipped not only with a springboard, but also with starter catapults. Such equipment will make it possible to include DRLO aircraft with the required characteristics in the ship group. The author of the publication believes that the old domestic ships that did not have catapults could not “independently carry out large-scale offensive operations”, and their role was to repel threats.
A. Khazbiev suggests that building a new aircraft carrier could cost 10-12 billion US dollars and will continue for at least 10 years. Such estimates are made on the basis of information on the construction of a new aircraft carrier USS Gerard R. Ford (CVN-78) for the US Navy. However, it is noted that such figures refer only to the lead ship. Serial aircraft carriers will cost 10-15% less. However, in this case, the question arises orders for serial ships.
The article “Winged Dream of Sailors” recalls that the actual program for the development of military shipbuilding, calculated up to 2050, provides for the development and construction of a new aircraft carrier. Nevertheless, such projects are related to the late periods of the program. Yet we can not exclude the possibility that plans for the construction of an aircraft carrier will be revised. For example, not so long ago, the deputy commander-in-chief of the Navy for armaments, Viktor Bursuk, noted that the first aircraft carrier of the new type would appear no earlier than 2030 of the year. A similar project is already planned, it will be created in due time.
The article of the Expert Online publication ends with an important reminder. The fact is that the Krylov State Research Center actually conducted only research work on promising topics. However, in the next stages of the project, it will be necessary to solve a lot of design problems and form a full-fledged look of the ship. In order for the new ship to be able to fully carry out the tasks assigned to it, the next stages of the project will have to carry out work in various directions, from hydrodynamics to weapon systems.
15 April edition of the "Free Press" published an article by Sergei Ischenko "Russia will overrun by the future aircraft carrier", which, with certain reservations, can be considered a response to "Winged dream of sailors." The author of the publication in the Free Press attempted to understand the situation and determine how realistic the proposed project for the construction of new aircraft carriers.
S. Ischenko began his article with a reminder of news in the field of advanced shipbuilding, namely, obtaining a passport of export appearance for a new project. In addition, the author of the Free Press recalled the words of V. Polyakov about the intended appearance of the new ship and its aviation group. In this case, special attention was given to the proposal to equip the aircraft carrier with AWACS aircraft.
The mention of DRLO aircraft reveals an important problem. Such machines usually do not have high flight data and low mass. Because of this, they cannot take off from the nasal springboards like the “Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov” available on the only Russian aircraft carrier. To ensure the take-off of such a technique, an aircraft carrier must carry launching catapults. However, our navy does not have such equipment and, moreover, never had. The consequence of this - in the context of the DRLO aircraft - was the absence of such equipment on the already mentioned “Admiral Kuznetsov”.
Based on these facts, the author of the publication “Russia will overwhelm with a future aircraft carrier” suggests that launching catapults will be an indispensable element of a future aircraft carrier. In addition, he notes that Russia "practically has" airborne early warning aircraft. This is the Yak-44E aircraft, developed in the eighties of the last century for use on the Ulyanovsk aircraft carrier of the 11437 project. After the collapse of the USSR, the unfinished ship went to an independent Ukraine and was butchered into metal, and in 1992, all the work on the ARLO plane for it stopped, because it was not needed. The development of the Yak-44E stopped at the stage of building experienced aircraft. Probably, S. Ischenko believes, you can return to this project. Or, at least, use the rest of his work.
The question remains catapults. Soviet and Russian specialists do not yet have experience in the development and construction of such equipment. Domestic aircraft carriers have not yet installed steam or electromagnetic devices that are now considered promising for acceleration of aircraft during takeoff. Naturally, this is a problem. And in the future, if it is decided to develop and build an aircraft carrier, specialists will have enough problems without catapults.
Photos of the aircraft carrier model proposed by the Krylov State Research Center have already become public knowledge for quite some time. S. Ishchenko believes that this model demonstrates one unpleasant feature of the project: the aircraft carrier’s developers are not counting on a catapult soon. For this reason, four starting positions with catapults and two with a springboard are visible on the layout. However, in the case of the Admiral Kuznetsov, the springboard has some unpleasant features: “while one of our aircraft is rising from its deck, from any American aircraft carrier equipped with catapults, four”. In the case of an open collision, this can have very unpleasant consequences.
Finally, the author of the Free Press cites some other facts about the project of the Krylov State Research Center. The proposed ship must be equipped with a non-nuclear power plant and have a flight deck with four launches for aircraft. Impact missile weapons, unlike previous domestic aircraft-carrying cruisers, are not provided. For self-defense, the ship must carry four Polymer-Redut complexes.
There are questions about the timing of construction. Last summer, Deputy Defense Minister Yury Borisov said that by the end of the current decade, the military department did not intend to build a new aircraft carrier. In the current state armament program such expenditures are not provided. The beginning of the service of the new aircraft carrier belongs to the thirties. However, according to the author of the publication “Russia will overwhelm the future aircraft carrier,” and here the fleet may face serious problems.
The first is a construction site. Before the collapse of the Soviet Union, the construction of aircraft carriers was engaged in the Black Sea Shipbuilding Plant in the city of Nikolaev. However, this company remained in another state, and its current state leaves much to be desired. In this case, the only possible builder of the aircraft carrier remains the Northern Machine-Building Enterprise or Sevmash (Severodvinsk), currently building new nuclear submarines.
Sevmash can build large ships, but the aircraft carrier with a displacement of 100 thousand tons is not capable of it yet. For the construction of such a ship you need a dock of appropriate size, which is currently missing. Thus, you first need to build the necessary dock, which is why an already not cheap promising project will become even more expensive.
The second problem of the Severodvinsk enterprise is personnel shortage. S. Ischenko recalls that in the two thousand years Sevmash, who received an order to remake the ship "Admiral of the Soviet Fleet Gorshkov" in the aircraft carrier "Vikramaditya" for the Indian Navy, had to literally be lured by high salaries from all over the country. At the same time, the Admiral Gorshkov is almost half the size of the aircraft carrier offered by the specialists of the Krylov Center. However, despite all the efforts, the deadlines for passing Vikramaditya were repeatedly shifted.
From all this, the author of the Free Press draws a not-too-joyful conclusion: “It’s very likely that Russia simply forgot how to create large surface combat ships.” This, in his opinion, can explain the fact that the navy of Russia has not yet received a single ship of the first or second rank, fully developed and built in the post-Soviet era. So far, the fleet receives only comparatively small patrol, corvettes, anti-sabotage boats, etc. At the same time, the construction of relatively large frigates “Admiral Grigorovich” and “Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Gorshkov” comes with noticeable delays. On destroyers and missile cruisers, not to mention the aircraft carrier, while you only have to dream.
Also S. Ischenko notes the problems of personnel nature in research and design organizations. Probably the reason that the Krylov State Research Center, which has no experience in creating such ships, took up designing an aircraft carrier was the inability of other organizations to do so. Previous domestic aircraft carriers were created in the Nevsky Design Bureau. The problems of the past decades have hit the organization hard.
Here, the author of the publication “Russia will overthrow the future aircraft carrier” suggests considering the possibility of abandoning the future construction of aircraft carriers. In favor of such a proposal, he cites the article Nuclear Submarines: America's New Aircraft Carriers? (“Nuclear submarines - a replacement for aircraft carriers?”), Recently published in The National Interest. The main idea of this article is simple: it is proposed to change the structure and strategy of the US Navy over the next few years. The main striking force instead of aircraft carriers should be multi-purpose submarines with cruise missiles. Submarines are capable with greater efficiency and lower costs to perform the entire range of tasks assigned to aircraft carriers.
The author of the publication in The National Interest refers to the captain of the first rank, retired Henry J. Hendrix, who is now working in the Center for a New American Security and is a consistent opponent of the aircraft carrier fleet. G. Hendrix notes some of the problems of aircraft carriers. So, modern anti-ship missiles of Russia and China in the event of a war start will force the US carrier strike groups (AUG) to keep a long distance from the coast. Removing hundreds or thousands of miles from the coast will seriously complicate the combat work of aviation. In addition, American AUGs can be tracked relatively easily using reconnaissance satellites.
Nuclear submarines, according to G. Hendrix, are devoid of such problems. A few years ago, four Ohio-type submarines underwent repairs and upgrades, during which they received launchers for Tomahawk missiles. Each of the upgraded submarines carries 154 rockets. The potential of the updated Ohio in 2011 was clearly demonstrated by the submarine USS Florida (SSGN-728). Launching 90 missiles, she single-handedly destroyed almost the entire Libyan air defense system.
Only three Ohio multipurpose submarines can carry Tomahawk 462 missiles. In the future, in the opinion of G. Hendrix, new, more advanced missiles should appear, which will increase the strike power of submarines. Based on the advantages of submarines with cruise missiles, a retired officer proposes to abandon the construction of the aircraft carrier USS Gerard R. Ford (CVN-78) and subsequent ships of this project in favor of the new submarines. For the money allocated for the construction of one aircraft carrier, the fleet will be able to acquire literally a dozen multi-purpose submarines, which will allow it to determine the outcome of almost any non-nuclear war.
The author of the Free Press publication has to admit that the newest Russian multi-purpose nuclear submarines of the 885 Yasen project currently under construction are losing to the modernized Ohio in terms of ammunition. Each such submarine carries only 32 launchers for cruise missiles. Nevertheless, according to S. Ishchenko, instead of a new aircraft carrier one could build several Yasen submarines. The aircraft carrier itself, in turn, if built, could become a serious problem for the whole country.
The articles of Expert Online and Svobodnaya Pressa perfectly illustrate the current situation with plans to build an aircraft carrier. Indeed, the command of the Navy intends in the future to develop and build such a ship. The requirements for it, as far as is known, have not yet been defined. Nevertheless, approximate terms of performance of works are already defined and announced. Around 2030 a year or later, the combat strength of the Russian Navy will be able to be replenished with a new aircraft carrier, the first in several decades.
The implementation of complex projects is always associated with a lot of various problems. Construction of a promising Russian aircraft carrier is unlikely to be an exception to this rule. Shipbuilders in the future will have to solve a lot of problems, both technical or technological, and of a production nature. It will be necessary to develop a lot of new systems and units, as well as to find and prepare a site for construction. And all this will have to be done in the conditions of the constant emergence of new problems, against which not a single large, bold and ambitious project is insured.
As for the proposals relating to the rejection of aircraft carriers in favor of submarines, it is too early to discuss such ideas in the context of the development of the Russian Navy. To determine the need for ships and submarines of various classes, it is necessary to formulate a clear strategy for the development and use of the navy. The emergence of such a document will allow to adjust the plans for the construction and development of new ships and, in particular, to determine the need for aircraft carriers or a large number of multi-purpose submarines.
Based on:
http://expert.ru/2015/04/13/kryilataya-mechta-moryakov/
http://svpressa.ru/war21/article/118788/
http://nationalinterest.org/feature/nuclear-submarines-americas-new-aircraft-carriers-12560
The “controversy” of recent days began with an article published by Expert Online. The article “The Winged Dream of Sailors” by Alexey Khazbiev, published by 13 April, gave some facts about a possible program of building an aircraft carrier and the current state of affairs in this area. In addition, the publication of the first published one remarkable news.
A. Khazbiev began his publication by reporting that the Krylov State Research Center, the leading organization of Russian shipbuilding, received an export-design passport for a project of a promising aircraft carrier with a displacement of about 100 thousand tons. Thanks to this event, scientists and engineers can demonstrate their new development at international exhibitions of weapons and equipment for the naval forces. Accordingly, foreign countries that have a desire to strengthen their naval forces with new aircraft carriers will be able to obtain the necessary information about the Russian project.
Further in the article “The Winged Dream of Seafarers,” some already known facts about the development of promising projects are mentioned. So, the existence of a new development of the Krylov State Research Center became known only a few weeks ago. Then the deputy general director of this organization, Valery Polyakov, reported on the creation of a conceptual model of a promising ship, which combines the latest scientific and technical ideas and requests from the military, but is not yet a full-fledged project. This conceptual model is the basis for all further work and determines the appearance of both the aircraft carrier itself and its individual systems.
Also, "Expert Online" cites the words of the head of the author's group of the Center, Valentin Belonenko, revealing some features of the model. In its current form, the proposal implies the construction of a ship capable of carrying about a hundred aircraft of various classes and types. The air group will have to include a deck modification of the T-50 fighter, Ka-32 helicopters, long-range radar vision aircraft, etc. In addition, a special form of the ship’s hull has been developed, which reduces water resistance by almost 20%. Due to a number of know-how, it is alleged that a promising aircraft carrier will be able to provide work aviation even in a storm.
The new aircraft carrier will be equipped not only with a springboard, but also with starter catapults. Such equipment will make it possible to include DRLO aircraft with the required characteristics in the ship group. The author of the publication believes that the old domestic ships that did not have catapults could not “independently carry out large-scale offensive operations”, and their role was to repel threats.
A. Khazbiev suggests that building a new aircraft carrier could cost 10-12 billion US dollars and will continue for at least 10 years. Such estimates are made on the basis of information on the construction of a new aircraft carrier USS Gerard R. Ford (CVN-78) for the US Navy. However, it is noted that such figures refer only to the lead ship. Serial aircraft carriers will cost 10-15% less. However, in this case, the question arises orders for serial ships.
The article “Winged Dream of Sailors” recalls that the actual program for the development of military shipbuilding, calculated up to 2050, provides for the development and construction of a new aircraft carrier. Nevertheless, such projects are related to the late periods of the program. Yet we can not exclude the possibility that plans for the construction of an aircraft carrier will be revised. For example, not so long ago, the deputy commander-in-chief of the Navy for armaments, Viktor Bursuk, noted that the first aircraft carrier of the new type would appear no earlier than 2030 of the year. A similar project is already planned, it will be created in due time.
The article of the Expert Online publication ends with an important reminder. The fact is that the Krylov State Research Center actually conducted only research work on promising topics. However, in the next stages of the project, it will be necessary to solve a lot of design problems and form a full-fledged look of the ship. In order for the new ship to be able to fully carry out the tasks assigned to it, the next stages of the project will have to carry out work in various directions, from hydrodynamics to weapon systems.
15 April edition of the "Free Press" published an article by Sergei Ischenko "Russia will overrun by the future aircraft carrier", which, with certain reservations, can be considered a response to "Winged dream of sailors." The author of the publication in the Free Press attempted to understand the situation and determine how realistic the proposed project for the construction of new aircraft carriers.
S. Ischenko began his article with a reminder of news in the field of advanced shipbuilding, namely, obtaining a passport of export appearance for a new project. In addition, the author of the Free Press recalled the words of V. Polyakov about the intended appearance of the new ship and its aviation group. In this case, special attention was given to the proposal to equip the aircraft carrier with AWACS aircraft.
The mention of DRLO aircraft reveals an important problem. Such machines usually do not have high flight data and low mass. Because of this, they cannot take off from the nasal springboards like the “Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov” available on the only Russian aircraft carrier. To ensure the take-off of such a technique, an aircraft carrier must carry launching catapults. However, our navy does not have such equipment and, moreover, never had. The consequence of this - in the context of the DRLO aircraft - was the absence of such equipment on the already mentioned “Admiral Kuznetsov”.
Based on these facts, the author of the publication “Russia will overwhelm with a future aircraft carrier” suggests that launching catapults will be an indispensable element of a future aircraft carrier. In addition, he notes that Russia "practically has" airborne early warning aircraft. This is the Yak-44E aircraft, developed in the eighties of the last century for use on the Ulyanovsk aircraft carrier of the 11437 project. After the collapse of the USSR, the unfinished ship went to an independent Ukraine and was butchered into metal, and in 1992, all the work on the ARLO plane for it stopped, because it was not needed. The development of the Yak-44E stopped at the stage of building experienced aircraft. Probably, S. Ischenko believes, you can return to this project. Or, at least, use the rest of his work.
The question remains catapults. Soviet and Russian specialists do not yet have experience in the development and construction of such equipment. Domestic aircraft carriers have not yet installed steam or electromagnetic devices that are now considered promising for acceleration of aircraft during takeoff. Naturally, this is a problem. And in the future, if it is decided to develop and build an aircraft carrier, specialists will have enough problems without catapults.
Photos of the aircraft carrier model proposed by the Krylov State Research Center have already become public knowledge for quite some time. S. Ishchenko believes that this model demonstrates one unpleasant feature of the project: the aircraft carrier’s developers are not counting on a catapult soon. For this reason, four starting positions with catapults and two with a springboard are visible on the layout. However, in the case of the Admiral Kuznetsov, the springboard has some unpleasant features: “while one of our aircraft is rising from its deck, from any American aircraft carrier equipped with catapults, four”. In the case of an open collision, this can have very unpleasant consequences.
Finally, the author of the Free Press cites some other facts about the project of the Krylov State Research Center. The proposed ship must be equipped with a non-nuclear power plant and have a flight deck with four launches for aircraft. Impact missile weapons, unlike previous domestic aircraft-carrying cruisers, are not provided. For self-defense, the ship must carry four Polymer-Redut complexes.
There are questions about the timing of construction. Last summer, Deputy Defense Minister Yury Borisov said that by the end of the current decade, the military department did not intend to build a new aircraft carrier. In the current state armament program such expenditures are not provided. The beginning of the service of the new aircraft carrier belongs to the thirties. However, according to the author of the publication “Russia will overwhelm the future aircraft carrier,” and here the fleet may face serious problems.
The first is a construction site. Before the collapse of the Soviet Union, the construction of aircraft carriers was engaged in the Black Sea Shipbuilding Plant in the city of Nikolaev. However, this company remained in another state, and its current state leaves much to be desired. In this case, the only possible builder of the aircraft carrier remains the Northern Machine-Building Enterprise or Sevmash (Severodvinsk), currently building new nuclear submarines.
Sevmash can build large ships, but the aircraft carrier with a displacement of 100 thousand tons is not capable of it yet. For the construction of such a ship you need a dock of appropriate size, which is currently missing. Thus, you first need to build the necessary dock, which is why an already not cheap promising project will become even more expensive.
The second problem of the Severodvinsk enterprise is personnel shortage. S. Ischenko recalls that in the two thousand years Sevmash, who received an order to remake the ship "Admiral of the Soviet Fleet Gorshkov" in the aircraft carrier "Vikramaditya" for the Indian Navy, had to literally be lured by high salaries from all over the country. At the same time, the Admiral Gorshkov is almost half the size of the aircraft carrier offered by the specialists of the Krylov Center. However, despite all the efforts, the deadlines for passing Vikramaditya were repeatedly shifted.
From all this, the author of the Free Press draws a not-too-joyful conclusion: “It’s very likely that Russia simply forgot how to create large surface combat ships.” This, in his opinion, can explain the fact that the navy of Russia has not yet received a single ship of the first or second rank, fully developed and built in the post-Soviet era. So far, the fleet receives only comparatively small patrol, corvettes, anti-sabotage boats, etc. At the same time, the construction of relatively large frigates “Admiral Grigorovich” and “Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Gorshkov” comes with noticeable delays. On destroyers and missile cruisers, not to mention the aircraft carrier, while you only have to dream.
Also S. Ischenko notes the problems of personnel nature in research and design organizations. Probably the reason that the Krylov State Research Center, which has no experience in creating such ships, took up designing an aircraft carrier was the inability of other organizations to do so. Previous domestic aircraft carriers were created in the Nevsky Design Bureau. The problems of the past decades have hit the organization hard.
Here, the author of the publication “Russia will overthrow the future aircraft carrier” suggests considering the possibility of abandoning the future construction of aircraft carriers. In favor of such a proposal, he cites the article Nuclear Submarines: America's New Aircraft Carriers? (“Nuclear submarines - a replacement for aircraft carriers?”), Recently published in The National Interest. The main idea of this article is simple: it is proposed to change the structure and strategy of the US Navy over the next few years. The main striking force instead of aircraft carriers should be multi-purpose submarines with cruise missiles. Submarines are capable with greater efficiency and lower costs to perform the entire range of tasks assigned to aircraft carriers.
The author of the publication in The National Interest refers to the captain of the first rank, retired Henry J. Hendrix, who is now working in the Center for a New American Security and is a consistent opponent of the aircraft carrier fleet. G. Hendrix notes some of the problems of aircraft carriers. So, modern anti-ship missiles of Russia and China in the event of a war start will force the US carrier strike groups (AUG) to keep a long distance from the coast. Removing hundreds or thousands of miles from the coast will seriously complicate the combat work of aviation. In addition, American AUGs can be tracked relatively easily using reconnaissance satellites.
Nuclear submarines, according to G. Hendrix, are devoid of such problems. A few years ago, four Ohio-type submarines underwent repairs and upgrades, during which they received launchers for Tomahawk missiles. Each of the upgraded submarines carries 154 rockets. The potential of the updated Ohio in 2011 was clearly demonstrated by the submarine USS Florida (SSGN-728). Launching 90 missiles, she single-handedly destroyed almost the entire Libyan air defense system.
Only three Ohio multipurpose submarines can carry Tomahawk 462 missiles. In the future, in the opinion of G. Hendrix, new, more advanced missiles should appear, which will increase the strike power of submarines. Based on the advantages of submarines with cruise missiles, a retired officer proposes to abandon the construction of the aircraft carrier USS Gerard R. Ford (CVN-78) and subsequent ships of this project in favor of the new submarines. For the money allocated for the construction of one aircraft carrier, the fleet will be able to acquire literally a dozen multi-purpose submarines, which will allow it to determine the outcome of almost any non-nuclear war.
The author of the Free Press publication has to admit that the newest Russian multi-purpose nuclear submarines of the 885 Yasen project currently under construction are losing to the modernized Ohio in terms of ammunition. Each such submarine carries only 32 launchers for cruise missiles. Nevertheless, according to S. Ishchenko, instead of a new aircraft carrier one could build several Yasen submarines. The aircraft carrier itself, in turn, if built, could become a serious problem for the whole country.
The articles of Expert Online and Svobodnaya Pressa perfectly illustrate the current situation with plans to build an aircraft carrier. Indeed, the command of the Navy intends in the future to develop and build such a ship. The requirements for it, as far as is known, have not yet been defined. Nevertheless, approximate terms of performance of works are already defined and announced. Around 2030 a year or later, the combat strength of the Russian Navy will be able to be replenished with a new aircraft carrier, the first in several decades.
The implementation of complex projects is always associated with a lot of various problems. Construction of a promising Russian aircraft carrier is unlikely to be an exception to this rule. Shipbuilders in the future will have to solve a lot of problems, both technical or technological, and of a production nature. It will be necessary to develop a lot of new systems and units, as well as to find and prepare a site for construction. And all this will have to be done in the conditions of the constant emergence of new problems, against which not a single large, bold and ambitious project is insured.
As for the proposals relating to the rejection of aircraft carriers in favor of submarines, it is too early to discuss such ideas in the context of the development of the Russian Navy. To determine the need for ships and submarines of various classes, it is necessary to formulate a clear strategy for the development and use of the navy. The emergence of such a document will allow to adjust the plans for the construction and development of new ships and, in particular, to determine the need for aircraft carriers or a large number of multi-purpose submarines.
Based on:
http://expert.ru/2015/04/13/kryilataya-mechta-moryakov/
http://svpressa.ru/war21/article/118788/
http://nationalinterest.org/feature/nuclear-submarines-americas-new-aircraft-carriers-12560
Information