Moravian-Ostrava offensive

3
70 years ago, on March 10, 1945, the Moravian-Ostrava offensive operation began. The troops of the 4th Ukrainian Front launched an assault on the Moravian-Ostrava industrial region. Due to insufficient density of troops, errors in the organization of the offensive and powerful German defense, the operation dragged on. Only on April 30 did Soviet troops take the cities of Moravsk-Ostrava and the town of Zilina, an important communications center in the Western Carpathians. Having lost the powerful Moravian-Ostrava fortified area, the Germans could no longer create a stable defense and under the threat of the 1st tank the army began to withdraw troops to the west. On May 6, Soviet troops reached Olomouc, taking possession of the Moravian-Ostrava industrial area and creating conditions for the liberation of central Czechoslovakia.

prehistory

The fighting to liberate Czechoslovakia began in the fall of 1944. The troops of the 4 and 2 of the Ukrainian fronts took part in the liberation of Czechoslovakia. The 4 th Czechoslovak Army Corps acted as part of the 1 of the Ukrainian Front. Due to the difficult conditions of the theater of operations - mountains, forests, a small number of communications that were easy to defend, the German troops were able to organize a strong defense and delay the advance of the Soviet troops.

On January 6, the troops of the 2 of the Ukrainian Front under the command of Rodion Malinovsky — the 7-I Guards Army of Shumilov and the 6-I Guards Tank Army of Kravchenko — launched an offensive from the line of the Hron River. The strike for the German command was unexpected, the Soviet troops forced the river throughout the entire 30-kilometer offensive sector and on the very first day they captured a large bridgehead to a depth of 30 kilometers. However, the German command quickly responded, trying to preserve the possibility of a blockade of Budapest. Reserves and troops from other sectors of the front, including the German 20 Tank and Hungarian 2 Tank Divisions, were quickly transferred to the breakthrough area. First, the German-Hungarian troops stopped the offensive of the Soviet troops, and then launched a series of powerful counterattacks. Malinovsky strengthened the shock group with one small and one mechanized corps, but this was not enough. The Germans, using superiority in armored vehicles, pushed our troops. January 14 Soviet troops in this direction went over to defense.

On January 12, the right-wing army of the 2-Ukrainian Front launched an offensive — the 40-th, 27-th and 53-th armies, which were supported by the 4-th and 1-th Romanian armies. They broke through the enemy defenses, which ran along the southeastern slopes of the Slovak Ore Mountains. By the end of January 15, a breakthrough up to 80 km wide and 18 km deep was created. But further offensive stalled. All convenient paths in the mountains were prepared for defense, powerful centers of resistance were created. In addition, due to increased enemy activity in the Budapest direction, 23-26 was sent to the rear in January, troops of the 1 Guards Mounted-Horse Mechanized Group, 6 of the Guards Tank Army were deployed to the area of ​​Budapest, the 27 Army was deployed. By adopting the lines of advance of these armies, the 40-I army of Zhmachenko and the 53-I army of Managarov only by the end of February could overcome the resistance of the enemy and reach the western slopes of the Slovak Ore Mountains.

On the left flank of the 2 of the Ukrainian Front, the situation was even more complicated. Stopping the Soviet offensive on the river. Gron, the German command concentrated on this direction 1-SS tank corps and several infantry divisions. February 18 after a powerful artillery preparation the Germans launched an offensive. On the bridgehead on the river. At this time, the troops of the 7 Guards Army and the 4 Mechanized Corps held defensive positions. In previous battles, these units were exsanguinated: the divisions had no more than 30-40% of the state, and there were only about 20 tanks and SPGs in the mechanized corps. Malinovsky strengthened this direction with one cavalry corps from KMG and one rifle corps from the reserve of the front, but this was not enough. Despite the courageous resistance of the Soviet troops, the bridgehead had to leave. February 23 Soviet troops retreated to the left bank of the river and entrenched there, stopping the further advance of the enemy.

Thus, as a result of the January-February offensive, the troops of the right wing of the 2 of the Ukrainian Front advanced 40-100 km over Czechoslovak soil, freeing hundreds of settlements.

On January 12, the 38 Army Moskalenko of the 4 Ukrainian Front launched an offensive. January 15 offensive supported 18-I army Gastilovicha, January 17 - 1-I Guards Army Grechko. Mountain-wooded terrain, the lack of developed communications, poor weather conditions - snowfall, which followed rains, fogs, all this made it difficult for our troops to advance. The 38 Army of Moskalenko by the end of January, 1945 reached the Vistula south of Auschwitz. Army Grechko and Gastilovicha, operating in more complex environmental conditions, moving more slowly.

Therefore, the command of the 4 of the Ukrainian Front decided to use the success of the Moskalenko army and regroup their forces. 1-I Guards Army was instructed to develop an attack on Zywiec, and 18-I Army - on Ruzomberok. Greco's army was reinforced by the 3-m mountain rifle and 107-rifle corps. 18 of the army of Gastilovich was handed over to the 1 of the Czechoslovak Army Corps. The troops of the right wing of the 4 of the Ukrainian Front in January 1945 reached the distant approaches to the Moravian-Ostrava industrial region. To defend this important economic region, the Germans strengthened the grouping of troops in this direction, created a defensive line on the Sola River and east of the city of Zywiec.

Overcoming the fierce resistance of the enemy, 11 February 38-I army took the city of Bielsko-Biala. Further advance of Moskalenko’s troops was stopped by the enemy. The German command created a new line of defense on the river Olše. 18-I army met with serious opposition of the enemy and in the first half of February advanced only 15 km. Especially hard was the 1 of the Czechoslovak Corps, which was advancing along the valley of the river Vah. The Germans created a deeply echeloned defense in this area, using numerous tributaries of this river. Only by mid-February did the corps reach the Liptovsky Sveti Mikulas, which the Germans had turned into a powerful stronghold.

Thus, as a result of the January-February offensive, the troops of the 4 of the Ukrainian Front, commanded by Ivan Petrov, advanced on the territory of southern Poland and Czechoslovakia on 170-225 km and reached the upper course of the r. Wisla. Our troops liberated about 2 thousand settlements, including such important administrative and economic centers, as well as communications nodes like Kosice, Presov, Gorlice, Nowy Sacz, Nowy Targ, Poprad, Bielsko-Biala, etc.

Subsequently, almost until mid-March 1945, there were no major offensive operations in Czechoslovakia. The 4-th Ukrainian Front conducted preparations for the Moravian-Ostrava operation, and the 2-th Ukrainian Front for the Vienna and Bratislava-Brno operations. Fronts replenished with people and equipment.

Moravian-Ostrava offensive


Emergency armored vehicles at one of the railway stations in the Ostrava region. In the photo the downed tanks T-34-85

Operation plan

The command of the 4 of the Ukrainian Front 14 in February presented to the Stavka a plan of military operations. February 17 plan was approved. The plan envisaged a private operation at the beginning to improve the initial position, and then develop an offensive to a depth of 450 km, reach the Vltava River and liberate Prague. At the first stage, the operations were planned to occupy the Moravian-Ostrava industrial region.

The main strike on the right wing of the front was inflicted by the 38-I Army Moskalenko and the 1-I Guards Army Grechko. They had to break the enemy's defenses and develop the offensive in the direction of Olomouc - Prague. To solve the problem of taking the Moravian-Ostrava should 38-I army. The left-flank 18 th army of Gastilovich delivered an auxiliary strike in the general direction against Ruzomberok, Zilina and Kromeriz. By her actions she had to distract the enemy from the main direction.



The forces of the parties

Soviet Union. By the start of Operation 4, the Criminal Code had 38, 1 and 18 Army, 17 Guards Rifle Corps, 1 Czechoslovak Army Corps, 15 th Fortified Army and 8 air army. 6 April, the front was strengthened by Kurochkin's 60 Army. Total front troops numbered at the beginning of the operation 240 thousand people, 2900 guns and mortars, 184 tank and ACS, 416 aircraft. In the course of the offensive, the size of the front increased to over. 300 thousand people.

Germany. The Heinrici army group under the command of Colonel General Gotthard Heinrici and the 22st Panzer Army of Walter Nering opposed the Soviet forces. Ground forces supported part of the 1th Air Force fleet. By the beginning of the operation, the German group consisted of: 150 thousand soldiers and officers, 1500 large-caliber guns and mortars, 100 tanks and self-propelled guns, 120 combat aircraft. During the battle, the German command significantly increased the grouping of troops in the Moravian-Ostrava direction.

The Moravian-Ostrava industrial region consisted of dozens of enterprises of the metallurgical, chemical, engineering and oil industries, as well as the military-industrial complex. In the area were located rich deposits of coal and iron ore. This region from the south covered Germany. Therefore, the German command attached great importance to the retention of this area. The Germans had serious measures to prepare the industrial area for defense. Fortifications were adapted to the defense, which was erected during the existence of independent Czechoslovakia in the 1933-1939 years. on the border with Germany and in the south of the country. In addition, natural barriers were reinforced by field defensive lines. Approaches to Moravska-Ostrava from the east were covered with three defensive lines, which had long-term structures, including reinforced concrete machine-gun artillery and machine-gun pillboxes. The big pillboxes were armed with two 37-mm guns, two twin and four single machine guns, defended by a garrison of 80-100 people. Small dots with a garrison from 4 to 6 people armed with 1-2 heavy machine guns, complemented by large long-term firing points. The defensive lanes passed along the rivers Olsha, Ostravice and Audra. From the north there was another defensive zone.


150-mm SAU "Cricket" abandoned in Czechoslovakia by the German 17 Panzer Division

German 150-mm howitzer sFH18 abandoned on a field in Czechoslovakia

Battle

The first stage of the operation (10-23 March 1945 g.). On March 10, after artillery preparation, the armies of the 4th Ukrainian Front went on the offensive. However, from the very beginning of the offensive, problems began, the battles took on a fierce and stubborn nature. German intelligence was able to reveal the training of Soviet troops and even find out the start date of the offensive. On the night of March 10, German troops withdrew from the front line to the second line of defense and avoided heavy losses during the Soviet artillery bombardment, preserving most of the heavy weapons. In addition, by the morning of March 10, a blizzard began, visibility dropped to 100-200 meters, which reduced the capabilities of artillery and excluded the use of aviation. The commanders Moskalenko and Grechko suggested that the Comrade Petrov postpone the start of the offensive at a more convenient time. However, Petrov refused to take responsibility for postponing the time of the offensive and did not report to the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command about the situation.

As a result, German troops suffered small losses from Soviet artillery fire, their firing points were not suppressed, and command and control and communications were not disrupted. Soviet artillery and aircraft could not support the infantry in full force. Therefore, on the first day, our troops, instead of the planned breakthrough to the depth of 20-25 km, were able to penetrate the enemy defense only 3-4 km. The German command began to strengthen the defense on the threatened sector with the help of reserves and troops and from other directions. The Germans fiercely counterattacked, only from 12 to 15 in March the troops of the 38 Army Moskalenko repulsed the enemy's 39 counterattacks.

By the end of the eighth day of the offensive, the two Soviet armies, advancing on the direction of the main attack of the front, penetrated into the German defense only at 15 km along the front and at a depth of 6-12 km. Soviet troops suffered heavy losses. 17 March, the Soviet army switched to defense. It was necessary to correct the mistakes and regroup the forces, find a weak spot in the defense of the enemy.

March 17. The headquarters expressed its dissatisfaction with the actions of Petrov and a member of the Military Council of the front Mehlis. The Supreme Command Headquarters indicated that Petrov, having established an incomplete readiness of the front-line troops for the offensive, should have reported this to the Headquarters and asked for additional preparation time. The bet would not have refused. However, Petrov did not take care of this or was afraid to report on the unavailability of troops. And Colonel General Mehlis reported problems only after a breakdown in the initial phase of the operation, although he knew about the incomplete readiness of the armies. It was also noted that the front command could not hide from the Germans the concentration of troops and the preparation for the offensive. From 26 in March, the front was headed by Andrey Ivanovich Eremenko, and the chief of staff Korzhenevich was replaced by Sandalov.

After conducting additional reconnaissance, Colonel General Kirill Moskalenko proposed a new plan, which included a strike from the north, from the area of ​​the city of Zorau, bypassing the Moravian-Ostrava region from the north. The terrain had a less rugged character here, and the defense was weaker. In addition, the forest allowed to secretly concentrate the Soviet troops. Given the success of the neighbor on the right - the 60 Army of the 1-th Ukrainian Front in the Ratibor area, the front command approved the idea. The Soviet command decided to concentrate its main efforts on the right flank of the 38 Army and to conduct an offensive on Moravska-Ostrava from the north.


Tank EC-2 on the street of the city of Moravian Ostrava in Czechoslovakia. City residents welcome Soviet troops entering the city

The second phase of the operation (March 24 - April 5). In the morning of March 24, after the 45-Mortuary artillery preparation, Soviet troops resumed the offensive. With the support of artillery and aviation, Moskalenko’s troops broke through the enemy defenses and at the end of the day they wedged 7 km into the German defensive lines. On the first day, the city of орыory was taken, covering the approaches to Moravska-Ostrava from the north-east.

The German command, trying to strengthen the defense in the threatened area, on the night of March 25 deployed the 38 Army 8 and 19 Armored Divisions to the area. However, our troops continued to advance successfully on 25 in March and expanded the breakthrough to 20 km along the front and to 15 km in depth. The Germans transferred new strong reinforcements - the 715 th infantry, 16 th and 17 th tank divisions. The pace of the Soviet offensive fell, only in early April, they were able to force the Odra and capture several bridgeheads.

March 26 Eremenko intensified the 1 th Guards and 18 th armies to divert the enemy from the direction of the main attack. March 29 after 45-minute artillery preparation army Grechko launched an offensive on Frishtat. The Germans, relying on a developed network of long-term fortifications, continued to restrain the onslaught of our troops. April 5 The 38 and 1 Guards armies were ordered to go on the defensive.

18 Army Gastilovich, who had to break the resistance of the enemy in difficult conditions of mountainous wooded areas, to knock down enemy barriers and defense units in the mountains, advanced slowly. However, by 5 in April, army forces were able to advance 20 km in some directions and take a number of important strongholds of the enemy. 1, the Czechoslovak Army Corps, continuing its movement in the valley of the Vah River, overcame three lanes of German fortifications and on April 5, after a fierce battle, the city of Ruzomberok was taken.

Thus, by the beginning of April, the 38-I and 1-I Guards armies were in 15-20 km from Moravska-Ostrava. The left-flank 18 Army in that time advanced 70 km, and the Czechoslovak 1 Corps reached the distant approaches to the city of Zilina. In general, in the three weeks of fighting the army of the 4 of the Ukrainian Front advanced by 50-70 km and achieved some success in certain areas. However, the troops of the front could not fully complete the task, liberate the Moravian-Ostrava industrial region. This was the result of many reasons. Among them are strong German defenses, the mistakes of the Soviet command in organizing the offensive, the small number of troops, which did not allow to create the necessary density in the direction of the main attack and bad weather conditions that limited the capabilities of aviation and artillery.

The third stage of the operation (April 6 - beginning of May). Before 15 April, the front forces were preparing for a new offensive. The front was significantly replenished with people and equipment. Especially reinforced the army artillery. The 4 of the Ukrainian Front was transferred from the 1 of the Ukrainian Front to the 60-I Army of Kurochkin. As a result, by the beginning of the new offensive, the front had about 265 thousand people, more than 6 thousand guns and mortars, more than 300 tanks and SPG, 435 aircraft.

At the direction of the Stavka, the front was to deliver the main blow by the forces of the 60 and 38 armies, which were reinforced by two breakthrough artillery divisions and the 31 tank corps. The armies of Moskalenko and Kurochkin were supposed to take the cities of Moravsk-Ostrava and Opava, and then develop an offensive on Olomouc, in the opposite direction of the troops of the 2 of the Ukrainian Front. As a result, the significant forces of the German 1 tank army were to be surrounded.

The German command, not intending to surrender an important defensive line, the Moravian-Ostrava industrial region, and the only coal basin left in April 1945 in the hands of the Third Reich, continued to strengthen the defense in this direction. The strength of the 1 Panzer Division was brought to the 22 divisions, including the 5 Panzer Division. The Germans, relying on a well-developed network of long-term engineering structures, and stone structures in human settlements, were desperately protected.

April 15 The 4-th Ukrainian Front began hostilities with a breakthrough of enemy defenses in the 12-kilometer stretch north-west of Moravsk-Ostrava. The Germans fought hard, and for the first day of the offensive they managed to penetrate the enemy’s defense only on 2-7 km. Trying to thwart the Soviet offensive, the German command organized a series of counterattacks. On April 16-19, the German forces, with the aid of three tank divisions, launched several heavy blows, but were unable to stop the advance of our troops.

On April 17, our troops formed the Opava River and captured a bridgehead on its southern bank. April 18 began the assault on the main defensive line of the enemy, which had a developed network of long-term fortifications. For the breakthrough of the enemy line of defense formed assault groups. Each group consisted of a rifle company, a squad squad, 2-3 guns. The fights were extremely stubborn. During the three battles, parts of the 38 Army managed to take only 10 pillboxes and 18 concreted machine gun points. The offensive slowed, but was not stopped. On April 21, the battles were already on the closest approaches to Moravska-Ostrava, on April 22, the 60 Army took Opava.

In order to accelerate the rout of the enemy in Moravska-Ostrava and to preserve the industrial potential of the region by the command of the 4 of the Ukrainian Front, 24 of April decided to bypass the enemy from the west. 24-25 April Soviet troops to a decisive assault on enemy fortifications. April 26 troops 4-th Ukrainian Front resumed the offensive. The army of Moskalenko advanced a day by 6 km, the armies of Kurochkin and Grechko penetrated into the defense of the enemy by 1,5 km. 18 army Gastilovich approached the city of Zhilin. Our troops slowly but surely broke open the defenses of the enemy. By the end of April 29, Soviet troops reached the outskirts of Moravsk-Ostrava. The Germans, bearing heavy losses and fearing the environment, began to retreat. On April 30, units of the 1 Guards and 38 armies, as well as the 1 th Czechoslovak Tank Brigade, took the Moravian-Ostrava. On the same day, units of the 18 Army and 1 of the Czechoslovak Corps took Kysucké-Nove-Mesto and the important industrial center of ilina.

The German command, in order to avoid the encirclement of the troops of the 1 tank army, began to withdraw divisions to the west. On May 1-4, the troops of the 4-th Ukrainian Front continued the liberation of the Moravian-Ostrava industrial region and moved towards the armies of the 2-th Ukrainian Front. On 5 in May, the troops of the 60 Army Kurochkin were at Sternberk, on the distant approaches to Olomouc, the 38 Army Moskalenko fought in the Fulnek area, the XRUMX-I Guards Army Grechko took Frydek and went to Novi Yichin. 1-I army Gastilovicha entered the line Vsetin - Roznov. 18 May our troops took Sternberk. This operation was completed. 6-th Ukrainian Front launched the Prague operation.

Results

Soviet troops inflicted a heavy defeat on the enemy’s 1 tank army, liberating the Moravian-Ostrava industrial region. The troops of the 4 and 2 of the Ukrainian fronts (the 2 of the Ukrainian front of 25 in March launched the Bratislava-Brnovskuyu operation) completely liberated Slovakia and a significant part of Moravia. The Third Reich lost an important defensive line, the largest industrial area and an important coal-metallurgical base. The prerequisites for the liberation of the rest of Czechoslovakia were created. The offensive of the Soviet troops in Czechoslovakia bound the large Wehrmacht forces and contributed to the successful completion of the Berlin operation and the entire 1945 campaign of the year.

Soviet troops lost more than 112 thousand people, of which irrevocably - about 24 thousand people. There is no exact information about the losses of the Czechoslovak Army Corps 1. According to Soviet estimates, German troops lost more than 250 thousand people, including 150 thousand thousand people captured.


Residents of Moravian Ostrava welcome Soviet tankers on the streets. The picture shows the X-NUMX heavy tank from the 2-th Separate Guards Heavy Tank Brigade of the 42-th Army of the Soviet 38-th Ukrainian Front (source: http://waralbum.ru/)
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  1. +4
    16 March 2015 07: 19
    While Soviet troops liberated the Czech Republic, the Czechs stubbornly forged weapons for the German Reich .. and waited for release ..
    1. +2
      16 March 2015 09: 43
      Quote: parusnik
      While Soviet troops liberated the Czech Republic, the Czechs stubbornly forged weapons for the German Reich.

      Moreover, at an accelerated pace and for a good salary.
    2. The comment was deleted.
  2. The comment was deleted.
  3. 0
    16 March 2015 09: 52
    The forces of the parties

    Soviet Union. By the beginning of operation 4, the Criminal Code had in its composition: the 38th, 1st Guards and 18th armies, the 17th Guards Rifle Corps, the 1st Czechoslovak Army Corps, the 15th fortified area and the 8th Air Army. On April 6, the front was strengthened by the 60th army of Kurochkin. In total, the front troops totaled at the beginning of the operation 240 thousand people, 2900 guns and mortars, 184 tanks and self-propelled guns, 416 aircraft. During the offensive, the strength of the front increased to St. 300 thousand people.

    Germany. The Heinrici army group under the command of Colonel General Gotthard Heinrici and the 22st Panzer Army of Walter Neringa opposed the Soviet forces. Ground forces supported part of the forces of the 1th Air Fleet. By the beginning of the operation, the German group consisted of: 4 thousand soldiers and officers, 150 large-caliber guns and mortars, 1500 tanks and self-propelled guns, 100 combat aircraft.

    Something I did not understand about the tanks ... 184 ours? one regiment only? and the Germans in the WHOLE tank army only 100 tanks ???
    By loss ...
    ... By the beginning of the operation, the German group consisted of: 150 thousand soldiers and officers ...
    ... According to Soviet estimates, German troops lost more than 250 thousand people, including 150 thousand prisoners ... But how many of them were there ???
    ... In the picture, the heavy tank IS-2 from the 42nd Separate Guard Heavy Tank Brigade of the 38th Army ... does not fit with 184 tanks ... Yes, and many wrecked T-34-85 in the photo ...
    Does not fit.
    Something with the forces of the parties ... how can it be ... what was it done ???
  4. +1
    16 March 2015 10: 40
    Yes, the path to the lair of the beast was not easy. Glory to the Soviet soldiers!
  5. +2
    16 March 2015 10: 52
    Mr. Parusnik!
    And about the army of Ludwik Svoboda you were not taught at school? But you were not taught that the Czechoslovakians who fled the country began to fight against fascist Germany as early as 1940 in France? Do you know such a thing as the Battle of Britain? From the beginning of the battle for Britain, in 1940, the British Air Force (RAF) until the end of the war included 4 purely Czechoslovak squadrons (one bomber and 3 fighter, 9 mixed British - Czechoslovak fighter squadrons, one mixed Polish - Czechoslovak fighter and one mixed landing squadron.

    The ground forces of Czechoslovakia, as part of the British army, fought in northern Africa.

    You know that the first anti-fascist sabotage groups in the Czech Republic (Czechoslovakia was divided into a protectorate of the Czechs and Morava, and the Slovenian state) began to operate in April 1941. If you pay attention to the above dates, you will see that all this happened when fascist Germany and the USSR, officially, were considered allies.
    The first Czechoslovak landing from the USSR landed in Czechoslovakia in late summer 1941
    The first partisan detachments in Czechoslovakia arose in 1942. They consisted of local residents and Soviet soldiers who escaped from captivity. Well, landing groups from the USSR and Britain.

    Do you know the names of the villages Lidice, Lezaki, Jaworzychko? These villages have the same fate as the Belarusian Khatyn.

    And at the end. In 1939, the population of Czechoslovakia was approximately 14. Of these, approximately 000% were Germans.
    1. 0
      16 March 2015 12: 13
      In addition, I am well aware of the Slovak uprising .. But I don’t know about the strikes at military factories in the Czech Republic and the disruption of military orders .. If you know anything about this, write .. I will be very grateful .. You will not deny the fact that all of Europe forged weapons for the German Reich ... and the Soviet soldier was breaking the ridge of this Reich ... and in spite of this Europeans are for you, we are more invaders for you than Nazi Germany ....
      1. +1
        16 March 2015 13: 19
        Let's do without slogans.
        In all the territories occupied by the Third Reich, German weapons were forged and repaired for this Reich, coal, oil, various ores were mined, food was produced and soldiers of the Third Reich were treated. And the occupied territories of the USSR were no exception in this process. And we must not forget how many people from different countries and from the occupied regions of the USSR, including the Germans, were driven to forced labor in Germany. In addition to concentration camps. And these people, on pain of death, also forged weapons there.
        1. +2
          16 March 2015 16: 09
          On slogans .... a Soviet soldier was breaking the Reich ridge near Stalingrad, on the Kursk Bulge, freeing Czechoslovakia is this slogan? ... Occupied territories of the USSR .. If so, how many tanks were built exactly in the occupied territory of the USSR, how many planes, guns , shells..From the occupied territories of the USSR, the Germans did not get the volume of production that they were counting on .. Or a simple example, about the European fear of death. 22.06.1941/XNUMX/XNUMX the Belgian workers went on strike, demanding higher prices in connection with that Germany attacked the USSR ... And the Germans raised prices .. And another fact, they brought bread from the occupied territories to besieged Leningrad .. Once again I repeat, we are more invaders for you than Nazi Germany ....
          1. Bug
            -1
            17 March 2015 12: 44
            Hitler only in the year 43 transferred the economy to war rails .... and brought the production of military products to 25% of the total GDP .. think ... and in our scoop before the war 57% went to war rails .... which Can we talk about the standard of living in the USSR?

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