Failures and good luck of the western projects on the armored personnel carrier and BMP. 2014 Results of the Year
After the Eurosatory exhibition, Renault organized a demonstration day at the gendarmerie training ground. This was the first opportunity to look at how Higard, VAB MkIII and BMX-01 (from left to right) are being tested.
“Terminated” is a sentence handed down by 24 on February 2014 of the year by US Secretary of Defense Hagel to the GCV (Ground Combat Vehicle — ground combat vehicle) program. For the second time in five years, the program aimed at replacing the Bradley BMP in parts of the US Army was canceled, leaving a thirty-year tracked vehicle as the basis of the motorized infantry units. Is the program closed?
But when some documents state that the army will set aside 50 million dollars in order to preserve the base of technical developments related to the GCV project, and 100 millions more will be spent in the relevant research centers of the American army, then questions arise. This most likely means that the army wants to use the experience accumulated to date in order to launch another program and return to the drawing board to develop a new infantry fighting vehicle. An alternative solution could be the organization of another round of testing machines of foreign development, some of them earned quite good marks during previous evaluation tests. Whatever happens, in 2021, the Bradley BMP will definitely celebrate its fortieth anniversary.
However, we should not forget that in the middle of 2013, the budget administration of the upper house issued four recommendations, two of them were recommended to look at foreign solutions to replace Bradley. These two recommended solutions were the Israeli Namer machine, which had a significant survival advantage over the GCV project while saving 9 billions of dollars, and the German Puma, which is considered a little more durable than the GCV, but definitely has a higher mortality rate. Its advantage lies in the ability to carry six paratroopers. This means that five Puma BMPs are needed to replace four Bradley, in which case the potential savings for taxpayers are estimated at 14,8 billion dollars. A more affordable option would be a further round of modernization of the Bradley BMP, which will make the honored veteran more resilient and lethal compared to the Ground Combat Vehicle project, but at the same time saving 19,8 billions of dollars. The reduced volume, the increase in mass and the lack of electrical power are the main problems that need to be addressed, although the increase in lethality also remains on the list of priorities.
Solving these problems would allow the Bradley BMP to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary at the beginning of the 2030-ies, and the cancellation of the GCV program is the last recommendation of the budget management. In addition, General Dynamics Land Systems’s decision not to participate in the program of the American Army’s Armored MultiPurpose Vehicle multipurpose armored vehicle, the purpose of which is to replace M113 in armored brigade groups, leaves BAE Systems as the sole participant, at least according to our information. GDLS of course lobbies for finalizing the requirements, but this, in the opinion of the army, could delay a key program.
The American Army's BMP Bradley lined up in a parking lot in the desert. Contrasting with a number of new cars carrying their service here, these cars will remain in service for a long time, since the terms of their replacement were postponed.
At the Eurosatory 2014 exhibition in Paris. The Piranha 3 + was designed, apparently, in accordance with the requirements of the Marine Corps, originally known as the Marines Personnel Carrier
How much the policy will affect this problem can only guess. What is indisputable is that if BAE Systems remains the only participant, then Bradley-based machines will be added to the army’s roster, since the company's offer is based on the existing tracked vehicle, which will be modified and developed in five versions: general purpose (522 machines), medical evacuation (790), sanitary (216), mortar installation (386) and control points (993). Who knows how much and what will be taken from the Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle program and possible further Bradley modernization, but it would definitely make sense to make parallel improvements in some areas in order to further reduce the one-time R & D expenditure, although purchasing a new machine, largely based on A foreign project remains an entirely plausible option.
Another big program on the west coast of the Atlantic was closed on December 20 2013 of the year. According to the highest ranks of the Canadian army, the potential offered by the upgraded LAV III machine is immeasurably higher than it appears (including investing in intelligence and information gathering tools, improving protection against land mines, etc.) makes the CCV project redundant. This is a significant blow to three bidders, namely GDLS-Canada, BAE Systems and Nexter, who offered Piranha 5, CV9035 MK III and VBCI respectively with the hope of mastering the contract for 108 machines plus 30 option worth 2 billion dollars.
Such an introduction could sound like a requiem for infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers, but this is not entirely true, since several other programs are currently operating in the Old World. While the Danish program for replacing the BTR M113 is only slightly postponed, Poland is considering a new whole family of cars, Spain can revive its program on the 8x8 car (although perhaps in limited quantities), whereas Lithuania added itself to the list of potential buyers for the BMP by issuing a request offers at the end of July 2014. Asia and the Middle East are also very active, while the US Marine Corps again became interested in the Marines Personnel Carrier armored personnel carrier. The program is currently known as ACV Phase 1 Increment 1 (ACV 1.1), and the initial entry of vehicles into service is predicted around the year 2020.
The new Piranha 3 +, shown by General Dynamics European Land Systems at Eurosatory 2014, seems to fit perfectly into the ACV's Corps requirements. The size of the machine has been increased not only to get more volume for 13 people on board (internal volume increased from 13,5 m3 to 14 m3), but also to provide the necessary buoyancy. The length is increased from the 7,30 meter of the Piranha 3 to the 7,72 meter, while the width and height increased slightly, from 2,72 to the 2,78 meter and from 2,22 to the 2,25 meter. The tare weight has been increased from 13,4 to 16 tons, while the payload capacity is from 9,2 to 11 tons, while the total weight has increased from 22 to 25 tons (with the potential increase to 27 tons). In order to preserve the specific power required the installation of a new engine. New Caterpillar C13 engine with 520 horsepower compared to the old C9 engine, the 400 horsepower. allowed to increase the power density from 18,2 hp / t to 20,8 hp / t with a standard total mass. The new engine also develops torque 2300 Nm instead of 1600 Nm. For large masses, the Piranha 3 + can be equipped with a traditional suspension or a hydropneumatic suspension with adjustable ground clearance. Wider tires are also available, the 395 / 85R20 is the replacement option for standard 365 / 85R20. With regard to protection, information on the levels of protection is not presented, but it is clear that 3 + borrows the modular solution of Piranha 5 and its survivability to explosions should be close to the survivability of the latter. For the purpose of maintenance, access to sub-space was simplified, the kinematic scheme was unified with the kinematic scheme of the Striker and Canadian LAV-Upgrade machines. Although the machine that was exhibited at the Eurosatory exhibition did not have propellers installed, the amphibious version would have two screws and two steering rudders, safety valves, a cooling system for sea water, a water deflector, an air intake pipe (snorkel), and bilge pumps. The prototype, which was shown a week before the Paris exhibition, could accommodate a crew of three people and nine infantrymen (exactly as in the requirements of the marines) and was armed with a KongsbergM151 Protector combat module.
At Eurosatory 2014, GDLS Canada unveiled its newest version of Light Assault Vehicle with an installed remote-controlled medium caliber Konsberg tower.
Operating experience and testing, as well as comments and requirements of potential buyers led Nexter to develop a prototype, which includes all the modifications proposed so far.
12 June 2014, the company GDELS showed a delegation from the British Ministry of Defense Scout SV PMRS (Protected Mobility Reconnaissance Support - Protected Mobility Intelligence Support), a promising British army vehicle based on the Ascod 42 platform, which was then shown on the 2014 DVD. 3 September 2014 of the year General Dynamics UK finally issued a contract on Scout SV worth over 4 billion pounds, including 589 machines and initial support and training. Shipments will go from 2017 to 2020 year. Scout SV is manufactured in several versions: the Lockheed Martin turret with the CTAI 40-mm cannon includes a strike and reconnaissance version (198), an integrated fire support (23) option, ground observation (24), a radar sensor added to the latter; The reckless option, known as PMRS (Protected Mobility Reconnaissance Support), includes armed armored personnel carrier (59), control point (112), reconnaissance and surveillance (34), engineering intelligence (51), evacuation (38), and repair (50). All PMRS must also be equipped with the Kongsberg Protector module.
At the Eurosatory 2014, a new version of the Ascod chassis with a total tonnage of 31 was shown, with a potential for increasing mass to 35 tonnes. Its dimensions are almost the same as the original (the difference is only a few centimeters), the roof in the rear part is slightly raised to increase the size of the troop compartment. What has changed significantly is the net weight, which has dropped from 27,8 tons to almost 22 tons; this significantly increased the load capacity from 2,2 tons to 9 tons with standard weight gain and from 3,2 tons to 13 tons with the maximum allowable weight, although the power remains at the 721 hp. Rubber tracks provide significant mass savings compared to steel equivalents, although steel tracks can be worn if desired. The redesign also allowed the internal volume to be increased by 20%, now it is 12m3. In terms of protection, GDELS integrated a new mine action solution that was tested and certified in February 2014 by one of the NATO countries in a series of 4 explosive tests. The new mine protection is based on the high-strength bottom of the case and includes innovative devices that reduce the impact force on people and equipment (no further details were given). The reduction in its own weight was a result of not only the use of a rubber track, but also a new bulletproof protection, which is based on ceramics and additional panels covering 98% of the surface of the machine (levels of protection are also not disclosed). With its new chassis, the company hopes to be more aggressive in the tracked vehicle market.
Even at Eurosatory, General Dynamics showed the LAV Demonstrator. This is a modernized LAV III with an installed Kongsberg Protector turret armed with an ATK MK30 44 double-feed cannon. The machine is a further evolution of the Canadian Army's mass-produced BMP LAV 6.00 8x8. Chassis protection is enhanced by the adoption of a double V-shaped hull and bolted passive armor units. The appearance of the car has changed a bit, the engine compartment was raised in order to install the Caterpillar C9 engine with an 450 hp power. coupled with an automatic transmission ZF 7HP902, in the rear of the body also became slightly higher to get more volume for the landing. Powertrain has been upgraded to cope with greater power output. The Demonstrator has a ton of its own mass of 28,6 and can accommodate a crew of three people and seven paratroopers. By car installed improved suspension.
The deliveries of the VBCI car to the French army are in full swing, however, Nexter took into account the experience gained in Afghanistan and Mali by its national army customer, as well as the experience of working with potential customers from the Middle East, Canada and Denmark and many other countries. The result was the 8x8 VBCI Export BTR, shown at Eurosatory. Improved powertrain allows you to cope with the total mass of 32 tons, which in turn allows you to install the tower with an 105-mm gun. As for the power plant, the adoption of the new concept of the power unit allows full complete replacement in about one hour, which is almost half the time required for the standard VBCI. Refinement of the power plant also allowed to increase power by 10% to 600 hp. and power generation 570A. Standard VBCI Export cars received separate steering on the fourth bridge to reduce the turning diameter from 21 to the 18 meter. Further reduction of the turning diameter to 15-16 meters due to all four axles with steered wheels is offered as an option. The payload has increased significantly due to the reduction in net weight achieved through the adoption of a new set of protection based on new technologies. This made it possible to drop about a ton while maintaining full protection of the 4A / B Level from mines and directional land mines. The ergonomics were also improved due to the greater internal space and comfort. New energy absorbing seats, developed by Nexter Mechanics, are installed, most of the equipment is now attached to the machine itself in order to avoid the appearance of secondary projectiles when it is undermined. Hydraulic ramp lifts were removed from the car outside, changed the air conditioning scheme. Comfortable conditions for the driver were increased due to the greater space at the waist level, and the episcopes were moved from the hull to the hatch for a better view when driving with the hatch open. Also installed a system to improve the driver's vision day and night with a special display. The onboard windscreen has also been improved and now features a completely open architecture: an existing Ethernet network was added to the existing CanBus to distribute images from external cameras among crew members (all displays are now of the same type so that members of the crew can fully exchange images and information ). Nexter believes that the machine and the step-by-step improvements implemented in it presented at Eurosatory are a typical example of the product currently offered to the customer. The first test of the new standard VBCI Export will be the tests of this French 8x8 BMP by the British Army, which were scheduled for the autumn of 2014. This is due to the fact that the British army selects for itself a new car after the cancellation of the project on a universal car within the framework of the Future Rapid Effect System program. Over time, the new powertrain will be installed on French cars.
Although the new generation Patria’s car was not introduced at Eurosatory, its new name AMV XP was announced there (XP - Extra Performance, special features)
Advertising a new AMV XP car from Patria with Russian subtitles
“Following the obligations of the President in favor of the defense budget, I intend to start the Scorpion program. The first shipments will be held in 2018 for VBMR and in 2020 for EBRC. ” These are the words of French Defense Minister Jean-Yves Ledrian at the opening of the Eurosatory 2014 exhibition. Thus, the VBMR project will start soon. The BMX-01 risk reduction demo, developed by Renault Trucks Défense (RTD) in accordance with the 2010 contract for the year (another contract issued by Nexter gave birth to BMX-02), was first shown at an exhibition in Paris and then next week demonstrated his driving performance. A statement from the French arms procurement department says that the VBMR project will be developed by a group that includes the companies Nexter, Renault Trucks Defense (RTD) and Thales, respectively, responsible for booking, machine architecture and vetroniku. With a tonnage 22 mass with a growth potential, another 2 tonnes BMX-01 has a tonnage capacity of 4,7 and is based on an all-welded main body with independent suspension. Up to 11 soldiers are housed in a car in a single unit with a volume of 14,7 m 3; the seat of the commander of the assault force (which in the future will be able to turn 90 ° to the right) is installed directly behind the driver, the commander of the vehicle itself sits in front to the right, and eight paratroopers sit in two rows of energy absorbing seats in the rear. Embarkation and disembarkation is carried out through the stern ramp, in which the emergency door is cut with a viewing device; wider bulletproof glass is available along the sides of the aft compartment, and the bulletproof windshield is divided into two window blocks. Protection up to 4 Level is provided by modular booking kits. The BMX-01 demo has traveled over 7000 km on different types of terrain in several areas of France and has already passed a long ballistic test. The car is equipped with a ready-made commercial Renault turbo diesel engine rated at 400 hp, connected to a standard gearbox, as well as a centralized wheel inflation system.
According to the company RTD, machine BMX-01 represents approximately 80% of what should be VBMR a technical point of view. The hull will be modified, and the roof is lowered by about 80 mm, the length will be increased by about 200 mm towards the stern (but the wheelbase will remain the same between the front and second axle 2950 mm, between the second and third 1500 mm). The width of the 2500 mm will not change for the purpose of compatibility with civilian traffic regulations. RTD is considering replacing the power unit with a new 400-500 hp engine. from the new engine family of the same company. This will allow, thus, to maintain full combat readiness, at least until 2030 year. In the face of the French army VBMR get more mobile and better secure the car compared to the VAB, even if it does not comply with the BMP VBCI higher level. VBMR prototype is expected in 2016 year.
Having remained in the world of wheeled vehicles, as promised at DSEI last year during the demonstration of its new car, Patria finally announced its name at Eurosatory - AMV XP (Extra Payload, Extra Performance and Extra Protection - overload, over-performance and over-protection). At the Paris show, the car was not shown, while the AMV was still represented in the control station version. AMV machines feel good in the international market. The Badger South African infantry fighting vehicle based on AMV was developed by Denel Land Systems, it is undergoing technical, tactical and evaluation tests. It is expected that its production will begin in 2016 year, the first order provides for the production of 238 machines in five different versions. AMV in its various international versions earned points last June, when Poland ordered the Rosomak 34x8 X-machines of the company Rosomak in the version of engineering intelligence. This new version has yet to be developed; it will have a single-color crane and tools that will allow engineering support for the baseline in the field. The four-ton crane version is designed to provide higher-level technical support in the field; one of the countries ordered 8 of the 2013 of such machines in October.
The German army will soon receive its new Puma BMP, which in June 2014 for the first time took part in an international exhibition in Paris
The first international appearance was also made by the German Puma, designed and manufactured by PSM, a joint venture between KMW and Rheinmetall. The tracked infantry fighting vehicle, which may arouse American interest, was tested in hot weather in the United Arab Emirates in the fall of 2013 at temperatures exceeding 50 ° C (one of these two vehicles was exhibited at Eurosatory). All tests in extreme weather conditions were contracted. Final approval from the German purchasing agency was expected at the end of July 2014, but the need to optimize radios and equipment storage locations led to another test cycle, which, however, will not delay deliveries to the German army at the end of 2014. The first unit to receive a new BMP was the 33rd motorized infantry battalion. Serial production is expected to peak in 2015, with 55 cars per year until the last of 350 cars emerge from the factory in 2020 (eight driving learning machines are part of the package). All German Puma vehicles will be delivered to the German Army Armored School in Münster, where a special organization was formed. Crews from mechanized battalions will arrive there, they will be introduced to the new Puma vehicles for three months and sent back to their units in full - a crew with a vehicle. Each battalion will include 44 Puma infantry fighting vehicles. It is worth noting that all nine motorized infantry battalions, which are part of the so-called 2011 German Army Structure, will not receive full sets of tracked vehicles in accordance with the new German army rearmament policy, as this would require 396 combat vehicles plus additional vehicles for the school. Also, "at the last moment" some more changes may occur: the army demanded to install a 5,56 mm MG4 machine gun instead of the outdated 7,62 mm MG3, although a return to a larger caliber is possible. Based on the experience gained in Afghanistan, the H&K MG5 and the new 7,62mm machine gun from Rheinmetall are being considered. In addition, the current grenade launchers installed on both sides of the rear of the turret are to be replaced with new 360 ° circular coverage systems. The new launcher currently under development by Rheinmetall will consist of a rotating turret with a circular container with six 76mm launchers in the inner circle and 18 launchers of lethal and non-lethal 40mm grenades in the outer circle, which can be fired at ranges up to 400 meters. ...
Let's go back to Boxer. The first three cars in the sanitary version were transferred to the Dutch army in early July 2014 of the year. At present, the Netherlands has received only eight driving instruction machines. Sanitary options are actually the first Boxer machines to be commissioned, put into the 13-th mechanized brigade, which moves from tracked vehicles to wheeled vehicles. In order to show the flexibility and capabilities of the company KMW Boxer car unveiled at Eurosatory exhibition version of the machine with mounted artillery unit Artillery Gun Module 155-mm / 52 caliber.
With the assistance of Rheinmetall, Algeria becomes the manufacturer of the latest armored vehicle. At the end of August 2014, the company received the green light from the German government to build a Fuchs machine manufacturing plant. On this topic, no further details were provided in accordance with the confidentiality agreement, but it is clear that this is the beginning of a new trend. At the start of 2014, Rheinmetall established a joint venture with Ferrostaal called Rheinmetall International Engineering, which will work in the area of development, procurement and contracting.
Currently, the CV90 has the latest version of the Mk3, but the plans are already new developments. Many countries are upgrading their cars or are going to do it. Norway has started a modernization program, according to which the towers will be removed from the old chassis and they will turn into support options. This engineering vehicle Sting, multi-purpose machine MULTIC, which itself will be divided into 4 options, including conveyor logistics, VIP and 81-mm mortar complex (each option has been ordered by 16 machines), and 15 Stridle control points. These chassis are being finalized so: they left the original chassis components and power unit, but the defense is strengthened and vetronika become fully digital. Mobility has been enhanced by removing the tower. On the new chassis will be installed CV90 Mk3 upgraded fully digital tower, according to one of the engineers of the company BAE Systems «only the seat and the gun remained from the original tower." The new electronic architecture Mk3 based on Ethernet (LAN Standard Organization) standard, but in the case of failure of Ethernet as a reserve left tire Canbus. The new Norwegian CV9030 machines will have more than 100 IP addresses. In yet another embodiment, the OPV left the tower, but added a sensor unit on the mast, which includes a radar and an optocoupler kit; paratroopers replaced by a smaller intelligence group engaged in the collection of information. Norwegian army received the first upgraded BMP CV9030 in February 2014 years, engineering vehicle based on the modified chassis Mk1 came out of the shop in August 22 2014 years. Sweden is also in the process of upgrading its CV90 machines; Configuration not yet been finally approved, but actions to extend the service life will definitely be held, revised ergonomics and installed an advanced battle management systems. While there are discussions on the final composition of the modernization kit; contract signing is expected at the end of 2014. Estonia buys 44 machines CV9035 from the Netherlands. As for Denmark, there M113 request for proposals for the replacement was to be released in August and September 2014 years with a view to issuing the contract in the first half of the year 2015.
Shipments of the latest standard CV90 to Norway began in February 2014; later 20 years, the tracked vehicle from BAE Systems was significantly improved. (Its designation CV90 means - combat vehicle 90-s - Combat Vehicle for the 1990)
With regard to the further development of CV90, BAE Systems is working on testing the concept of its visual Adaptiv system currently having the technological readiness level TRL4 (technology development), while the infrared camouflage version already has the readiness level TRL-7 (system and subsystem development) and upon the appearance of the customer must be delivered within two years. The company is developing a tile that can adapt to infrared and visible spectra in order to match the background landscape. The dimensions of these tiles will depend on the minimum detection distance required by the customer. two options will be offered: an inexpensive system with pre-made templates and expensive system with a camera that can capture an image background, and a computer, the ability to customize the tiles in order to merge with the machine captured image background.
A consortium of Slovak enterprises, led by Excalibur Army, has developed a new Sakal BMP based on BMP-2
Another two areas of activity are active defense and all-round visibility at 360 °. BAE Systems is already working with the customer on the choice of the optimal solution. As for the circular view, the goal here is to obtain within a reasonable time a “transparent machine” in which the commander will be able to see “through” the armor in any direction. A cheaper system will be adopted for the landing in the aft compartment. Cooperation with Soucy continues, new rubber tracks on the Armadillo demo, withstood a mileage of 6000 km without a single breakdown. These tracks plus active cushioning, which will become standard on all new platforms, will mark a big step in increasing “comfort” not only for soldiers, but also for portable electronic equipment. All technological developments offered and presented at the exhibition MSPO 2013 demonstrator PLO-1 platform, which is aimed at meeting the needs of the Polish Army in the family of light and medium tracked vehicles.
Streit is developing its success in the international market and its Varan 6x6 armored personnel carrier is almost ready for production.
First shown at IDEX 2013, armored personnel Varan 6x6 development Streit Group should be finalized at the end of 2014 years and enter into production in the year 2015. Development of this vehicle and other military products in line with the diversification of Streit Group products aimed at revenue sharing group for the year 2014: 70% of military products and 30% of the civil sector. The supporting frame for the sides and roofs of ballistic steel used SSAB Armox 500T, whereas the bottom is made of energy absorbing steel Armox 440T. Basic protection can be increased to 4 Level with the addition of ceramic armor and anti-mine bottom. The development of the undercarriage and power unit components has been completed and the machine has been tested in the UK Ballistic tests at the IABG German test center are expected before the end of the year. The Baran Varan accommodates two crew members and six paratroopers. In 6x6 machine configuration is set Cummins diesel engine power 400 hp coupled to a five-speed automatic transmission Allison; power unit is located in front of the right. Having machines ready for delivery is the company's philosophy, therefore 250 power units and bridge sets have already been ordered. Start of mass production is expected in 2015 year, since several contracts are already ready for signing; The final cost of the basic model will be up to one million dollars. At Eurosatory exhibition on Varan prototype was installed remotely controlled weapon station developed by Kyiv Design Bureau "Luch" and armed 12,7-mm machine gun and four anti-tank rockets.
For the first time, the modernized BMP Sakal was presented at the Eurosatory exhibition and on the international scene at the stand of the Slovak company Excalibur Army. It is based on the BMP-2 chassis, it is equipped with a Caterpillar engine with an HP 402 power. (on the 100 hp more power than the previous engine), coupled with an upgraded automatic transmission. The engine is located to the right, the driver is sitting to the left, the commander’s and arrow’s seats are located behind the front compartment. At Sakal mounted weapon station Evpu Turra 30, 30-armed 2A42 mm cannon and coaxial 7,62-mm machine gun with two missiles 9M113 contest, set on the right side of the tower. However, these weapons can be replaced by weapons systems of Western origin in the same category. Ballistic protection corresponds to Level 3, and anti-mine protection corresponds to Level 1b / 2a.
The first appearance of Japan
Eurosatory 2014 was marked by the first appearance of the Japanese defense industry. Real vehicles were not presented, only an armored vehicle 8x8 from Mitsubishi Heavy Industries was shown as a model (see photo above). The machine will be about 8 meters long, 2,2 meters high and 2,98 meters wide, with a net weight of 18 tons it will have a useful load capacity of 10 tons. In the BTR version, it can transport a total of 11 people, also an option is available with a raised roof in the stern for an ambulance and a control point. The car is equipped with an independent hydropneumatic suspension, the front suspension has a double wishbone, the wheels are 395 / 85R20. The machine is equipped 4-cylinder diesel engine power MHI4VA 535 hp located ahead on the left; the car develops 100 km / h on the highway. Information on the levels of protection was not provided, the perimeter APCs lattice pattern set screens landing bead separation is likely to reserved blocks dynamic protection. For self-installed 12,7-mm machine gun, sufficient load capacity of the machine allows the tower to srednekalibernym or even large-caliber weapons, although the Japanese policy is to offer the market a non-aggressive weapons.
Materials used:
www.eurosatory.com
www.gdls.com
www.nexter-group.fr
www.patria.fi
www.renault-trucks-defense.com
www.kmweg.com
en.wikipedia.or
www.excaliburarmy.com
www.baesystems.com
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