Corvettes instead of cruisers
Corvette is a class of warships intended for guard and patrol service in the coastal zone. The main objectives of the corvettes is patrolling and anti-submarine defense of the coast. This, however, does not exclude their direct participation in military conflicts. The heirs of the missile boats of the second half of the XX century, modern corvettes successfully combine multifunctionality and moderate cost. Powerful rocket armament, hacking and towed GAS, object air defense systems, stealth technology, combat information systems, multifunctional radars, UAVs, helicopters. The displacement of modern corvettes exceeds the v / and destroyers of the period of the Second World War, and by combat capabilities "kids" are not inferior to ships of higher rank.
Before you - a short review of the five best world representatives of the class "corvette". Their sizes differ by thousands of tons, and the characteristics are “sharpened” to the needs of their fleets and the conditions of particular seas. Nevertheless, they are all united by the general idea of a small multi-functional warship of the coastal zone.
Project 20350 "Steregushchy" and its further development. 20385 Ave. (Russia)
In the ranks - 4. 4 + 2 Corvette Ave 20385 are under construction. Plan - 18 units.
Length 90 m. Displacement (full)> 2200 tons. Crew 99 people Full speed 27 knots. Cruising range - 3500 miles at a speed of 14 knots. Armament (production ships, project 20380):
- three modules 3K96 "Redoubt" (12 starting cells). B / K 12 anti-aircraft missiles, large or short-range 48 anti-aircraft missiles. On upgraded corvettes pr. 20385, the number of CWPs should increase to 16;
- eight small-sized PKR X-35 "Uranus";
- small package anti-submarine complex "Package-NK" (8 torpedoes caliber 324 mm);
- universal gun A-190 caliber 100 mm, two six-barreled AK-630М;
- landing site and hangar in the aft superstructure to accommodate the Ka-27PL helicopter;
- anti-sabotage protection, large-caliber small weapon.
"If you put ten guns on the 8-gun ship, they will be able to shoot them six" (old British rule).
Despite the overload and inadequate weapons class, the domestic project 20380 turned out to be a success. The capabilities of the “Stereguschy” go far beyond the traditional tasks for ships of the corvette class, and its shortcomings (the weak Furke-2 radar was not able to provide target illumination at large distances) is only a consequence of attempts to duplicate the tasks of larger frigates and destroyers.
The excessive power of the Russian corvette is due to the good desire to quickly get a ship of the ocean zone in the conditions of an acute shortage of ships and the stagnation of domestic shipbuilding at the beginning of the XXI century. The result can be proud of. The latest technology and noble lines with traces of technology "stealth": corvettes such as "Steregushchy" - harbingers of the new look of the Russian Navy.
Stealth corvette type "Visby" (Sweden)
In the ranks - 5 units.
Length 72 m. Displacement (full) 640 tons. 43 crew
Combined diesel-gas turbine power plant, full speed 35 knots. Cruising range - 2300 miles at speed 15 knots. Armament: 57 caliber Bofors universal gun, mm 8 small RBS-15 anti-ship missiles, two paired TA mm 400 caliber (anti-submarine torpedoes Tr 43 and Tr 45 Tr, specially designed for small depths of the Baltic Sea), helipad, non-submarine aerial vehicles, underwater vehicles underwater aerial vehicles 127, Baltic Helicopter, 2007 mm; and enemy submarines. The means of lighting the underwater situation include three different types of gas suppressors (under the ground, towed and lowered). In the aft part of the superstructure, a place is reserved for a helicopter hangar or an air defense missile system, the space for the XNUMX mm block of unguided missiles (the ALECTO anti-submarine system, whose development was discontinued in XNUMX), remained unclaimed. There are those. opportunity to place minefields.
Visby, of course, is impressive. Invisible Corvette, whose appearance was to change the balance of power in the Baltic and become a revolution in military shipbuilding. The Swedish ship is ideally suited for operations in narrow skerries and the search for submarines in the shallow waters of the Bothnian Bay. It is unobtrusive, fast, versatile, relatively cheap, and at the same time it has an outstanding set of tools for controlling underwater conditions.
However, many questions remain: in the existing form, Visby is virtually defenseless against air attacks (the capabilities of the only Bofors, EW and MANPADS are clearly not enough to counter any serious air threat). On the other hand, corvettes serve in the coastal zone, under the cover of the Swedish Air Force. The small signature of their physical fields allows them to safely approach the enemy for a strike less than 10 miles, while remaining undetected ("advantage zone").
Corvettes "Type 056" (China)
Built - 23 units. Built - 7. The plans: 43 corvette Type 056 and at least 20 modernized Type 056.
Length 89 m. Displacement (full) 1440 tons. 60 crew Full speed 28 knots Navigation range at an operating speed of 18 knots. - 3500 miles. Armament: 76 mm caliber universal gun, 4 compact C-803 anti-ship missiles, HQ-10 self-defense SAM system (8-charging unit on the rotary carriage), two torpedo 324 mm, 2 automatic caliber automatic guns. 30 mm, helipad, no hangar.
Everything is too obvious. The only thing left to add is a lot of them.
Braunschweig type corvettes (Germany)
Built 5 units.
Length 89 m. Displacement (full) 1840 tons. Crew 60 people. Full speed 26 knots. Cruising range 4000 miles at a speed of 15 knots. Armament: OTO Melara 76 mm universal gun, 4 RBS-15 small-sized anti-ship missiles, two RAM self-defense air defense systems (21-round unit, missiles with thermal seeker), 2 remote-controlled MLG installations ( automatic guns of 27 mm caliber). The dimensions of the Braunschweig heliport allow it to receive any anti-submarine helicopter (SeaKing, NH90), but their permanent deployment is not provided. In the aft part of the corvette, a hangar with limited dimensions is equipped to accommodate two reconnaissance and strike drones Camcopter S100.
Strict Teutonic silhouette in the color of "gray thunderstorm." The German corvette is missing stars from the sky. It is durable, reliable and most consistent with its current tasks. Patrol coastal waters, without unnecessary "Ponte" and attempts to seem better than he is.
At the same time, German engineers have much to be proud of. In addition to the centimeter-range radar, the Corvette Detection Toolkit includes the MIRADOR optoelectronic complex for all-weather monitoring of the situation in the IR range. Braunschweig has one more interesting detail - the MASS (Multi-Ammunition Softkill System) active jamming complex, capable of shooting numerous traps that can deceive the GOS of any rocket. MASS puts interference in all possible ranges (thermal, optical, UV, laser, radar).
Littoral battleship LCS (USA)
In the ranks - 4 units. Built - 7. The plans - 20 ships LCS.
The data for the LCS "Independence" are given: Length 127 m. Displacement (full) 3100 tons. Standing crew of 40 people, space reserved for 75 people on board. Full speed (practical) 44 knots 4300 miles sailing range at 18 knots. Armament: 57 caliber mm Bofors universal gun, SeaRAM self-defense SAM system, two BushNaster II 30 automatic guns, 50 machine guns of the caliber. Most of the ship is given under a huge flight deck and helicopter hangar. The LCS modular design allows you to combine equipment depending on current tasks (towed sonar tools, submersibles to search for mines, anti-sabotage tools, electronic reconnaissance equipment, etc.). Free space on the upper deck can also be used to accommodate the target load in non-standard positions. In practice, this is reflected in the installation of rocket launch containers - from the small Hellfire to the Kronsberg NSM ASM of Norwegian production.
High-speed trimaran stealth, duplicating the tasks of corvettes, minesweepers, patrol cutters, anti-submarine and small rocket ships. Created under the specific conditions of the US Navy, where seafarers needed a mobile helicopter base to solve both the simplest (chasing boats of drug couriers in the Gulf of Mexico) and the most difficult tasks (PLO in the open ocean, mines sweeping, reconnaissance, patrolling and transportation of special cargoes in zones of military conflicts).
LCS are built in parallel on two different projects. The high-speed single-hull ship (Lockheed Martin project) and the fantastic trimaran from General Dynamics showed a complete identity both in terms of cost and in terms of their combat capabilities. And each project had its own merits. As a result, the contract was divided in half - each company received an order for 10 ships.
Particular fun comes from the attempts of Americans to achieve cherished speed in 50 nodes. Despite the most powerful power plant of the type CODAG (a combination of diesel and gas turbines) and four Finnish water jet "Värtisl", the estimated speed was not reached. Instead, many problems have been received - from the fires of the power plant to the cracking of the hull at high speeds. Today max. The speed was demonstrated by the LCS-1 Freedom. The ship issued 47 knots (87 km / h) on the measured mile.
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