Vehicles special forces operations of foreign countries. Part of 2 from 2
Flyer II with a reservation kit. Flyer, offered by General Dyamics OTS and Flyer LLC, was selected by the command of special operations forces as a vehicle that can be transported in a V-22
ITV
As for the number, the ITV (Internally Transported Vehicle) vehicle inside the convertible plane V-22 command command seems quite modest compared to other similar programs. However, with the growing use of Osprey by all kinds of troops and the first successful steps of the Bell-Boeing convertible in the export market, vehicles with good mobility compatible with the 1,52 meter width limit stated in the aforementioned Navair Serair 435DM / 5.5147 document can also attract other armies . The plan provides for the delivery of ITV 34 vehicles. The combat evaluation stage with a total value of 2,4 million dollars runs from January to December 2014. This price includes two cars, logistics, equipment and spare parts. Car acquisition costs are scheduled for the 2015 fiscal year. The request for proposals was released in March 2013. October 21 2013, the command issued a three-year contract to General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems for the maximum value of 5,8 million dollars on Flyer ITV 10 vehicles.
The prerequisites define the 4x4 configuration machine, transported in V-22 and capable of carrying two / six (threshold / target requirement) stretchers with a maximum speed of 105 / 120 km / h and a power reserve of 560 / 725 km. A typical operational profile was defined as 40% rugged terrain, 30% temporary paths, 20% secondary roads and 10% main roads; the car must cope with slopes up to 60%, side slopes of 30 / 40% and have a turning diameter of less than 15 / 11 meters. The required carrying capacity for flight is 900 / 1590 kg, and the effective carrying capacity on the ground is 1590 / 2040 kg. Weapons can include either 12,7-mm machine guns, or 40-m automatic grenade launchers. Most likely, the complete list of companies that submitted applications for the ITV program has never been published. However, despite the fact that we started our list with the winning machine, some other projects made according to the concept “width less than 60 inches” should definitely be among the applicants.
The winning Flyer machine has absorbed the experience gained from previous models, but has now been significantly upgraded to improve performance, reduce costs, and reduce logistics. When removing external storage containers with Flyer, its width is reduced to the 1,53 meter. The height does not change, but, remarkably, the length of the 4,6 meter is exactly three times the width. After the exit from the Osprey ramp, in a few minutes the containers are mounted back along with the main machine gun on the turning axis. The car was developed by GDOTS in collaboration with Flyer Defense LLC; Rear mounted 1,9-liter engine power 150 hp, coupled with a six-speed gearbox. The car has an 135 km / h speed, and at a constant 65 km / h speed, it can drive 56 km on one liter of fuel, which translates into a power reserve of more than 720 km. Maximum use of Hummer components allows you to reduce the volume of logistics and the cost of acquisition; Flyer ITV has its own weight of 1,8 tons and carrying capacity of almost 1,59 tons. Part of this capacity can be given to the installation of a reservation kit developed by 3M Ceradyne. It guarantees the level of ballistic protection class B6 (7,62 caliber bullets mm) for four passengers by installing armored doors, armored glass, front windshield, protecting the rear of the cab, additional floor reservations, and roof booking. In the option of evacuating the wounded, up to five stretchers can be placed in the car, four of them on the roof, since additional protective arcs can be quickly installed on top of the existing safety cage to protect the wounded when the machine rolls over.
Phantom Badger was developed at the Boeing Phantom Works plant and, although it was not selected for the ITV program, is actively promoted by the company in the market.
Earlier, the Specter car with a broad gauge, which received an additional WTC abbreviation, was already mentioned, while the original Specter received the additive “NTC” (Narrow Track Configuration - a configuration with a narrow gauge). He retained a high modulus skateboard configuration. At the same time, the ground clearance was reduced from 427 mm to 305 mm in order to reduce the center of gravity. The NTC variant length is 4,71 meters, which is 0,8 meters shorter than the WTC, while the maximum 1,53 height is determined by the safety cage going from the cab to the rear of the Specter. The power unit is the same as the Specter WTC version, the power density is much larger, since the NTC net weight is less by 1,96 tons. The total mass is 3,4 tons, net payload 1,45 tons. The 95 fuel tank capacity is one third less than the WTC version tank. As with the Specter WTC model, the front and rear differential locking mechanisms, a winch, an air compressor, and a hybrid electric drive with an HP 100 power. set as an option.
Although disappointed with the results of the V-22 ITV competition, Boeing nonetheless aggressively promotes its Phantom Badger, presented in May 2013. It was developed jointly with MotorSport Innovations (MSI), it has a commercial multi-fuel engine rated at 240 hp, the maximum speed on roads covered is 130 km / h, and the maximum power reserve is more than 700 km. A special feature of the Boeing car, developed at the Phantom Works plant in California, is the steering of all four wheels, which reduces the turning radius to the 7,6 meter. A car can overcome 60% slopes and a ford almost one meter. The declared payload is 1,36 tons. Two people are positioned in front and two more on the two seats installed on the rear platform, facing backwards. One of them can work with the 12,7-mm machine gun mounted on a folding structure, which provides air transport and quick readiness for battle. The rear platform can take a number of functional kits, including the lying victims. Smooth movement is provided by MSI hydraulic suspension, which reduces not only physical fatigue of passengers, but also allows you to adjust the ground clearance. The car has 35-inch BF Goodrich wheels for viscous soils.
The winning ITV company has in its portfolio one more vehicle compatible with the Osprey convertiplane. It is already in service with the American Marine Corps and thus deserves the description in this section, the light assault vehicle Light Strike Vehicle (LSV). The car resembles a Jeep 4x4, it is equipped with a four-cylinder turbo-diesel 2,8-liter engine from Navistar with a power 132 hp. and 312 Nm torque, coupled to the GM 4L70E four-speed automatic transmission and Chrysler two-speed manual transfer case. By car installed air suspension, allowing you to adjust the height of the car, depending on the terrain. In combination with a collapsible safety cage, this allows the LSV height to be reduced to a 1,19 meter when loaded in a V-22, while on a highway the height of a fully prepared vehicle is an 1,84 meter (or 1,92 meter when the suspension is set to maximum height). LSV is also equipped with a centralized tire inflation system and four-wheel steering. The 900 kg load capacity allows you to carry four people, which are located on seats with anti-splinter podboy from Kevlar, three-day stocks and the main armament, ranging from 7,62 or 12,7-mm machine gun to 40-mm automatic grenade launcher. The total weight of the car is slightly less than three tons, the maximum speed on the highway 105 km / h. The car can go in two configurations for the Marine Corps: lightweight assault vehicle M1161 and tractor M1163. The latter serves to transport an expeditionary fire support complex based on an 120-mm rifled mortar.
The US Marine Corps selected Light Strike Vehicle from GDOTS a few years ago. LSV can be transported inside the Osprey; also purchased a variant of the mortar complex
Outside the USA: fewer, different cars
Few countries have anything comparable to the United States when it comes to special forces. The number of cars that they buy to ensure their mobile capabilities, significantly less. At the same time, regardless of their size, special forces have similar approaches when they are looking for equipment with specific requirements. Either these are special systems made from scratch (extremely expensive) or deeply modified already existing systems. This is especially true of vehicles.
Israel
ZIBAR MK.2
Although the ZibarMk.2 car is produced by the American company Zibar USA, it was developed by the Israeli Ido OffRoad Center, which specializes in off-road vehicles. The car is based on the special requirements of the Israeli army, for example, it is equipped with an extremely powerful engine that gives a power density of almost 150 hp / t. The car is based on a tubular frame chassis and a GM LSX 7,4 V-454 8-liter petrol engine with 620 hp. and a torque of 800 Nm coupled to a TH400 three-speed automatic transmission. The transfer case from B&W allows you to switch between 2x4 and 4x4 modes with a lower gear ratio of 1: 2.75. The front and rear axles are equipped with spring-hydraulic shock absorbers and pneumatic double-spring shock absorbers. The car is equipped with 42x13.5 R17 tires, which, when deflated to the minimum pressure, provide low ground pressure and optimal mobility on soft soils.
High power not only allows you to reach speeds up to 200 km / h, but also accelerates to 100 km / h in five seconds. A Zibar Mk.2 car can overcome 100% slopes and drive on 60% side slopes. The width of the 2,13 meter does not allow it to be transported in a Chinook helicopter, the length is 4,95 meters, the wheelbase of 3,25 meters and the height of 1,9 meters. The total weight of the car 4200 kg, payload 1500 kg, in a double cabin can accommodate four people. In the variant with a long wheelbase and a triple cabin accommodate up to six people.
Also available is an option with enhanced protection, its V-shaped bottom and ground clearance of 530 mm (370 mm under bridges) provide good mine protection. The model that is described here is currently denoted as Zibar Mk.2 620, although the Zibar Mk.2 430 version is available with the GM 6.2 LS3 V-8 petrol engine with 430 horsepower. and torque 574 Nm. It differs only in lower maximum speed (180 km / h) and acceleration (8 seconds to 100 km / h). Also available is an extended pickup configuration with a load capacity of 2800 kg due to an increased total weight of 5600 kg. The wheelbase has increased from 3250 to 3600 mm and length to 5280 mm. With a full load, all three Zibar variants have a power reserve of 700 km.
In the car Zibar Mk2 used the experience of designing racing cars. It has the highest maximum speed among high mobility 4x4 machines.
The armament of the Singaporean army Spider cars of the second batch are supplied, most likely, in an updated version (in the photo with the ATGM Strike complex)
Singapore
SPIDER
Singapore-based ST Kinetics is currently supplying an unbreakable number Spider LSV (Light Strike Vehicle - light assault vehicle) to the national defense ministry for a contract worth 55 million dollars. The Singapore Army has already adopted the Spider LSV at the end of the 90, but the new machines are described as the “new generation” Spider. Buggy car type on the base of the chassis of tubular frames accommodates six people. The net weight is only 1,6 tons and the payload capacity of 1,2 tons. Spider has a power density of more than 46 hp / t thanks to a four-cylinder Peugeot turbo-charged diesel engine with an 130 hp power. and torque 410 Nm, which allows you to develop a maximum speed over 125 km / h. Installed on the car semi-automatic transmission, power steering, front suspension with double wishbones and rear with longitudinal levers. The very low center of gravity makes it possible to cope with 50 ° side slopes and overcome 60 ° slopes. According to the company, the cruising range exceeds 700 km. The driver is located in the center of the car, two more seats are installed a little behind. Rear mounted a series of three more seats, individual weapon can rotate 360 °. From the very beginning, the width requirements for transportation in the CH-47 helicopter were taken into account, its folding safety cage allows you to install one vehicle onto another for transportation, that is, six such vehicles enter the C-130 Hercules aircraft. Several Spider variants were developed, including the mortar complex with 120-mm smooth-bore Srams mortar, also developed by Singapore Technologies. The company also offers a hybrid version with a motor-generator set, which can move silently in close proximity to the enemy.
Germany
Mungo
The German Airborne Division is armed with 420 transporters Mungo 1 branch. These vehicles participated in missions in Afghanistan and the Congo. The German army ordered a second batch of 50 Mungo 2 support vehicles, which were manufactured and delivered in the 2013 year. These are supply vehicles for infantry units and mobile devices for radiation, chemical and biological protection platoons. Due to its 1.94 meter width, 4,47 meter length, the Mungo can be transported inside the CH-47 and CH-53 helicopters after lowering the safety cage with the height of the 2,44 meter. With an engine power 105 HP The car has an 90 km / h speed and a 500 km power reserve. With a total mass of 5,3 tons of payload is 1,85 tons, that is, the machine can accommodate up to 10 soldiers. Three Mungo vehicles can be shipped in C-130, C-160 or A-400M.
Mungo from KMW is in service with the landing and special units of the Bundeswehr; Technical support options have also been developed.
Another offspring off-road race car, the Supacat LRV-400, was shown at DSEI 2013. The machine is suitable for transportation to the CH-47 Chinook even by British standards.
United Kingdom
At DSEI 2013, Supacat unveiled its light reconnaissance vehicle LRV 400 (Light Reconnaissance Vehicle), based on the chassis of the QT Services Wildcat racing car. The military version is equipped with 3,2-liter five-cylinder diesel engine with turbocharging horsepower 236 hp. (the racing version has a gasoline eight-cylinder engine with power from 430 to 640 hp) and a manual or automatic transmission. The LRV 400 is differently driven by a 2 or 4 wheel with a center differential. The suspension consists of continuous bridges and hydraulic shock absorbers with a “racing” past, the steering has a hydraulic booster. The size of the car - the width and height of the 1,8 meter - allows you to transport it to the Chinook even under strict British restrictions. The fuel tank with a volume of 160 liters allows you to have a power reserve of 1000 km. The roll cage protects three passengers and a machine gun can be mounted on it. The total mass is 3,5 tons, the payload capacity of 1,4 tons, which allows you to install ballistic protection. Other options include a winch, which is easily transferred from the front to the back by simply pulling out one stud.
Italy
The Italian company Bremach has developed a versatile off-road car T-Rex based on the chassis with a volumetric tubular frame, which greatly strengthens the design. Two different chassis are available: one is made from pipes with a wall thickness of three mm for a vehicle with a total weight of 3,5 tons, and the other is made from pipes with a thickness of five mm, which allows the total weight to be raised to 6 tons. 4 versions are available with different wheelbases: 2600, 3100, 3450 and 3700 mm. All options with maximum front wheel overhang to ensure 48 ° front overhang. There are three power plants to choose from - all four-cylinder turbodiesel engines with a common fuel line, which are part of the Fiat Power Train family, namely the 2,3-liter F1A hp 116. and the 3-liter F1C with power output of the 146 hp and 176 hp Two transmissions are available to choose from: manual six-speed ZF with overdrive or automatic Allison. Bremach designed and manufactured a reduction gearbox, as well as split front and rear axles with installed spring suspension and telescopic two-chamber shock absorbers. The T-Rex has permanent all-wheel drive with three differential locking mechanisms. For off-road use, 255 / 100R16 Michelin XZL tires are offered, although other options are also offered for specific reliefs. The cab can withstand accelerations above 5g. The T-MAX chassis with a mass of 6 tons was considered by numerous auto owners. Its main advantage lies in the total weight and payload capacity, which is two times more than the total weight and payload capacity of vehicles of similar size, based, for example, on a Defender class chassis. In the single cab configuration, the payload reaches 3520 kg (4000 kg with a heavy load bridge), but a double cab lowers it by 200 kg. After booking the bottom and the hood load capacity still exceeds 2 tons. In addition, the Bremach chassis width fits well with transportability restrictions in the CH-47, 1770 mm versus the required 80 inches (2032 mm), which is smaller than most competitors.
The Italian company Bremach, specializing in industrial off-road vehicles, has developed the T-Max chassis. An upgraded version weighing 7,5 tons is used for the version intended for special forces.
Krauss-Maffei Wegmann showed an interest in the Bremach chassis in the middle of the 2000, since then the German special forces had a need for a compact, long-range patrol vehicle that could be transported in a CH-47 helicopter. In 2008-2009, an Italian company conducted a phase of assessment and qualification tests of 11 months at the WTD 41 test site in Meppen, during which the vehicle passed more than 10 000 km and demonstrated its capabilities. The machine overcame 100% slopes and 58% side slopes, as well as a ford with a depth of 900 mm; turning diameter was less than 13 meters. Bremach engineers from that time worked closely with the designers of KMW, as a result of which the presentation of the prototype was expected at the Eurosatory 2014 exhibition. An open-top car can quickly be reconfigured according to the task being performed, and can be transported by major transport helicopters. A special operations vehicle, created by KMW and based on the Bremach chassis, should be the first in a family of vehicles based on this chassis.
Poland and others
The Polish company AMZ-Kutno manufactures a Swistak (groundhog in Polish), a high-traffic vehicle, on the Bremach chassis. It has an open top, but is protected to the middle of its height in accordance with the 1 Level, while mine protection corresponds to the Level 2a Level. In this configuration, the payload remains 2100 kg, including personnel. Swistak was shown at MSPO 2011, it has a tubular protective frame on which a Minigun 7,62-mm machine gun is mounted, while an 5,56-mm machine-gun protects the back of the machine.
The company Bremach is working on a machine designed for Italian special forces. A first prototype was developed with an upper tube construction, on which, if necessary, panels can be fixed and made from a fully open machine completely closed. Installed a folding support for the main armament, which allows to reduce the overall height during transportation in a CH-47 helicopter. Tests showed that the layout of the cabin was good, although the driving characteristics should be improved. The manufacture of the second prototype with reinforced bridges is completed, its front axle is designed for five tons in order to withstand the bonnet booking, and the rear axle is designed for 5,5 tons load. The power plant will be based on a 5,9-liter Iveco Vector six-cylinder engine with an output of 240 HP. The car has a width of almost two meters, the wheelbase is 3500 mm, it is designed for special units of the Italian army, conducting patrols over long distances up to 10 days. To ensure maximum water supply, the lower part of the safety cage is made of hollow aluminum square tubes, where you can pour up to 200 liters of water. Wheel dimensions have been increased to 2555 / 100 R16 standard.
Machines British Army Jackal in Afghanistan. These cars are based on Supacat HMT400 and are operated by both special and conventional units.
Bremach also developed a less extreme version of its six-ton chassis, leaving the undercarriage of the T-Rex variant and the HP 176 engine. with the Allison 1000SP transmission, but at the same time increasing the total weight to 7,5 tons at the expense of the front axle, designed for 3,5 tons.
Using the experience of developing HMT 400 High Mobility Transporter (in the British Army Jackal and Jackal 2) and HMT 600 (known in Britain as Coyote), Supacat developed the Extenda car in the 4XXNNXX and 4X6 configuration. Later, in cooperation with Lockheed Martin, the Extenda car was finalized for Americans, after which it received the designation CVNG (described above). Depending on the drive configuration (6x4 and 4x6, by installing or removing a separate third bridge), the HMT Extenda length is 6 or 5,93 meter. Although due to its 7,04 meter width, the car does not meet the British requirements for air transportation to CH-2,05, but, nevertheless, with some deviation from the rules (which often happens in special units) it enters this helicopter. Own weight with fuel and armor is respectively 47 and 5,5 tons, while the load capacity varies from 6,6 to 2,1 tons. Independent suspension with pneumatically adjustable ground clearance and 3,9 / 335 R80 tires provide optimum all-road performance. HMT series machines are in service with many, mostly unnamed special forces around the world. Australia is an exception here, its special forces announced the acquisition of 20 car HMT 31 (named Nary in honor of the Australian warrant officer who died in Iraq) and the subsequent selection of Extenda as the preferred challenger for the Australian program JP400 Ph2097B (Redfin). Supacat received an initial contract for the design and evaluation phase. This company in December 1 of the year delivered a prototype with improved capabilities, in particular, the level of crew protection was increased.
Supacat HMT 400 machines are already in use in Australia under the name Nary. They were also selected for the Redfin program. The picture below shows the prototype before delivery.
Materials used:
www.armada.ch
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www.northropgrumman.com
www.zibarusa.com
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www.bremach.it
www.supacat.com
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