Artillery of the Korean People’s Army. Part of 2. Self-propelled guns
The first SAUs in the KPA were Soviet SU-76, from 75 to 91 units of which were supplied from the USSR before the start of the Korean War. Thus, there was a self-propelled artillery division (12 light self-propelled artillery SU-76 76-mm with Gun) in each shelf artillery North infantry division. However, for the most part, SU-76 did not survive the war.
During the war, anti-tank SU-100 was supplied from the USSR. There is evidence that the USSR supplied and heavy 122-mm self-propelled guns of the ISU-122, but who exactly - the KPA or the Chinese People's Volunteers, and how much - is unknown.
Are there any armed KPA SU-76 and ISU-122, just can not say, however, given that the SU-100 still is in service, we can with some confidence say that they were, or mobilization warehouses or used as firing points in the fortification strip near the DMZ or in the coastal defense system.
In 1966, the DPRK ordered and in 1967-1968 years. Received 200 airborne systems ASU-57, decommissioned from the USSR. In what condition they are now, I do not know, probably also in the warehouses of the mobilization reserve.
The great success of the military leadership of North Korea should be recognized as the transfer of about 60% of the Soviet artillery barreled artillery to tracked self-propelled chassis, which provides good mobility to artillery units and units. The Sinhun armored personnel carrier VTT-323 (with the installation of a 122 mm D-30 howitzer), the Toccheon chassis based on the ATS-59 Soviet medium artillery tractor (with the installation of a 122 mm howitzer based on the M-30, are used as such chassis) 122 mm D-74 guns, 130 mm M-46 guns and 152 mm D-20 howitzer guns) and the Juche-po armored chassis based on the medium tank "Cheonma-ho" - copies of the Soviet T-62 (with the installation of, for example, 122-mm gun D-74).
Domestic industry has created original samples of self-propelled artillery - 120-mm self-propelled howitzers-mortars (on the chassis of the North Korean BTR VTT-323) and long-range 170-mm self-propelled guns of high power "Koksan" (the name assigned in the West; on the chassis of the Chinese medium tank " type 59 "and a modified highway such as" Juche-po "). The latter have become a worthy answer to the American 175-mm М107 self-propelled guns and 203-mm М110 self-propelled howitzers of South Korea.
Currently, the North Korean self-propelled guns park is estimated by experts in 4400 units, together with 3500 7 900 is towed guns, apart from anti-tank, the warehouses and the mobilization reserve RKKG. Total KPA artillery fleet is estimated at 10 400 units, 8 000 of which is located near the demilitarized zone near the border with South Korea.
Consider samples of North Korean SAU:
- 120-mm self-propelled howitzer-mortar "M-1992" (all names are Western, for the year of the first appearance of guns at parades), similar to the Soviet SAO 2С9 "Nona-S" and has a combat mass of about 15 tons. The maximum firing range is presumably 7-8 km mine, 8-9 km OFS;
- 122-mm self-propelled howitzer "M-1974" crawler "Tokchon" on the basis of Soviet medium-ATS-59 prime mover, artillery piece - the trunk 122-mm Howitzer M-30 or its Chinese copy "Type-54" with a muzzle brake , as on the D-30 howitzer, mounted in a wheelhouse open at the top and rear, covered with side armor plates;
- 122-mm self-propelled howitzer "M-1977" on the chassis of the North Korean armored personnel carrier "Sinhun" VTT-323. The artillery unit is an X-NUMX-mm howitzer D-122, mounted in a wheelhouse open at the top and rear, covered with side armor plates. There is evidence that the self-propelled howitzer was exported to African countries, but it is not known where exactly;
- its further development was the 122-mm self-propelled howitzer "M-1985" on the same chassis with 4 MANPADS additionally installed on the slewing devices. (Honestly, I hardly understand why so many at once. Well, one or two missiles in the laying are still back and forth, given the global technical backlog aviation - from the sky they will nail strongly. But a special slewing ring? Moreover, in the immediate vicinity of the muzzle brake ... I can’t even vouch for the serviceability of the missiles if the gun fires. So here are some of my thoughts, inaccessible to me. On the march fight off in dozens of rockets, or what?);
- 122-mm self-propelled gun "M-1981" on tracked chassis "Tokchon" based on the Soviet medium artillery tractor ATS-59, artillery part - barrel 122-mm gun D-74 or its Chinese copy of "Type 60" installed in the open above and behind the wheelhouse, covered by side armor plates;
Well, of course, the North Koreans could not help but create a version with MANPADS, this time with two.
- 122-mm self-propelled gun "M-1991" on the armored chuche-po chassis based on the medium tank Chonma-ho - copies of the Soviet T-62, and the gun was already installed in the rear-mounted rotating armored turret;
- 130-mm self-propelled gun "M-1975" on tracked chassis "Tokchon" based on the Soviet medium artillery tractor ATS-59, artillery part-130 mm gun M-46 or its Chinese clone "Type 59", installed open on a rotary platform . The funny thing is that with such an unwise decision, the designers “hit the air” and created a completely modern machine according to the integral characteristics. It is also interesting, where the machine hit the frame: this picture refers to the period of 1998-2000 years and made in East Africa, where ACS was used during the Eritrean-Ethiopian War. Honestly, I can not even tell which side of the front line, she fought, but given the support of Eritreans from Western countries - I think that is likely, M1975 fought for Ethiopians;
- 130-mm self-propelled gun "M-1991" on a tracked chassis "Tokchon" on the basis of the Soviet medium artillery tractor ATS-59, artillery part - 130 mm gun M-46 or its Chinese clone "Type 59" installed in the open top and rear wheelhouse, covered by side armor plates.
- 130-mm self-propelled gun "M-1992" crawler "Tokchon" on the basis of exchange-59 Soviet medium artillery tractor, artillery unit - 130-mm coastal artillery system SM-4-1, set in an open top and rear of the cabin, covered by side armor plates. Most likely, this weapon is used in coastal artillery;
Option with two MANPADS.
- 152-mm self-propelled gun-howitzer "M-1977" crawler "Tokchon" on the basis of Soviet medium artillery tractor ATS-59, artillery unit - 152 mm gun-howitzer D-20 or Chinese clone "type 66", set in the open at the top and behind the wheelhouse, covered with side armor plates;
- 152-mm self-propelled gun-howitzer "M-1985" crawler "Tokchon" on the basis of Soviet medium artillery tractor ATS-59, artillery unit - 152 mm gun-howitzer D-20 or Chinese clone "type 66", set in the upper and open wheelhouse, covered with side armor plates.
- X-NUMX-mm self-propelled gun M-170 "Koksan", which is a 1978-mm cannon produced (and supposedly developed) in the DPRK, mounted in an open-type turret on the chassis of a T-170 tank or "54 Type", and also most likely on the basis of the medium tank "Cheonma-ho" - copies of the Soviet T-59. The ACS was first publicly demonstrated at the 62 military parade of the year. The estimated speed is 1985 km / h on the highway with a range of fuel for 40 km. The firing range of conventional shells is up to 300 km, with active-reactive type ammunition - up to 40 km (according to some unconfirmed data, up to 60 km.). "Koksan" is one of the most long-range weapons in the world. M-70 has a low rate of fire: 1978 — 1 shot in 2 minutes, but it fully pays off with its long range. Given the likelihood of the presence of chemical and biological munitions, it’s a strategic weapon!
30 guns on the chassis of Chinese tanks "Type 59" was delivered to Iran in 1987-1988's. and took part in the Iran-Iraq war. The Iranian "Koksans" delivered a lot of trouble to the Iraqis, because they hit targets from an distance beyond their artillery.
It is known that several of these self-propelled guns were captured or destroyed by Iraqi troops during the capture of the Faw Peninsula in 1988. However, there is evidence that the North Koreans sold "Koksany" to Iraq and Iran. And the Iraqis fired from these guns the oil development of Iran from the Al-Faw Peninsula.
10 "Koksanov" are in service in Iran as of 2010 year.
The fighting in the Middle East revealed the real shortcomings of the first modifications in combat use: the low rate of fire and the small resource of the barrel, which the North Koreans took into account, creating a new modification:
- 170-mm ACS "M-1989" carrying 12 ammunition shells, made according to the type of Soviet 203-mm self-propelled gun 2С7 "Peony", on a modified armored chuchhe-po armored vehicle based on the medium tank "Chhonma-ho" Soviet T-62.
ACS "M 1978" and "M 1989" are deployed by the DPRK troops with batteries for 36 machines, mainly along the Korean demilitarized zone. The guns are usually covered in well-camouflaged concrete structures. The ACS are aimed at Seoul in order to have time to inflict sensitive losses on the enemy capital in the event of a military conflict - good range is sufficient, and the deployment time of self-propelled guns on the prepared positions will make it possible to make several volleys even in conditions of total domination of the enemy in the air. According to the estimates of American analysts, the battalion (division?) Of the "Koksanov" consists of 12 SAU (three batteries) and 20-30 heavy and medium trucks. In such a battalion there are 150-190 soldiers and officers. From 3 to 6, such battalions constitute a separate brigade, which reports directly to the Chosong Yingmin Gong, KPA Artillery Command.
However, in addition to the "Koksanov" and the North Koreans, there is another "surprise" - a giant three-barred recoil with characteristic thickening of the chambers and nozzle apparatuses and allegedly 370 caliber of millimeters. Self-propelled battery on a single chassis ... Why? What is the meaning of it? On sober head to fantasize a tactical niche to this monster does not even work. Functional analogue TOC-1 "Buratino"? With its rate of fire - not funny. Replacing tactical MLRS? More expensive and worse. Delivery vehicle nuclear weapons? The salvo shooting atomic shells is generally monstrous, in the spirit of anti-utopias. No, my mind decisively refuses to recognize it as something other than a propaganda machine for parades and shows.
Here is the Juche. And who against, will be eaten by dogs and shot from premium "Koksana" or a giant kickback, like this North Korean general. Kim Jong-un is guaranteed.
And finally, the video from the North Korean parade. You may notice some interesting patterns from the 2 minutes.
On the materials of the sites:
http://forums.airbase.ru/
http://www.militaryphotos.net/
http://www.militaryparitet.com/
http://shushpanzer-ru.livejournal.com/
http://strangernn.livejournal.com/
Battered SU-76 KPA
During the war, anti-tank SU-100 was supplied from the USSR. There is evidence that the USSR supplied and heavy 122-mm self-propelled guns of the ISU-122, but who exactly - the KPA or the Chinese People's Volunteers, and how much - is unknown.
Heavy ACS IMS-122
Are there any armed KPA SU-76 and ISU-122, just can not say, however, given that the SU-100 still is in service, we can with some confidence say that they were, or mobilization warehouses or used as firing points in the fortification strip near the DMZ or in the coastal defense system.
In 1966, the DPRK ordered and in 1967-1968 years. Received 200 airborne systems ASU-57, decommissioned from the USSR. In what condition they are now, I do not know, probably also in the warehouses of the mobilization reserve.
Airborne self-propelled installation ACS-57
The great success of the military leadership of North Korea should be recognized as the transfer of about 60% of the Soviet artillery barreled artillery to tracked self-propelled chassis, which provides good mobility to artillery units and units. The Sinhun armored personnel carrier VTT-323 (with the installation of a 122 mm D-30 howitzer), the Toccheon chassis based on the ATS-59 Soviet medium artillery tractor (with the installation of a 122 mm howitzer based on the M-30, are used as such chassis) 122 mm D-74 guns, 130 mm M-46 guns and 152 mm D-20 howitzer guns) and the Juche-po armored chassis based on the medium tank "Cheonma-ho" - copies of the Soviet T-62 (with the installation of, for example, 122-mm gun D-74).
Domestic industry has created original samples of self-propelled artillery - 120-mm self-propelled howitzers-mortars (on the chassis of the North Korean BTR VTT-323) and long-range 170-mm self-propelled guns of high power "Koksan" (the name assigned in the West; on the chassis of the Chinese medium tank " type 59 "and a modified highway such as" Juche-po "). The latter have become a worthy answer to the American 175-mm М107 self-propelled guns and 203-mm М110 self-propelled howitzers of South Korea.
Currently, the North Korean self-propelled guns park is estimated by experts in 4400 units, together with 3500 7 900 is towed guns, apart from anti-tank, the warehouses and the mobilization reserve RKKG. Total KPA artillery fleet is estimated at 10 400 units, 8 000 of which is located near the demilitarized zone near the border with South Korea.
Consider samples of North Korean SAU:
- 120-mm self-propelled howitzer-mortar "M-1992" (all names are Western, for the year of the first appearance of guns at parades), similar to the Soviet SAO 2С9 "Nona-S" and has a combat mass of about 15 tons. The maximum firing range is presumably 7-8 km mine, 8-9 km OFS;
- 122-mm self-propelled howitzer "M-1974" crawler "Tokchon" on the basis of Soviet medium-ATS-59 prime mover, artillery piece - the trunk 122-mm Howitzer M-30 or its Chinese copy "Type-54" with a muzzle brake , as on the D-30 howitzer, mounted in a wheelhouse open at the top and rear, covered with side armor plates;
- 122-mm self-propelled howitzer "M-1977" on the chassis of the North Korean armored personnel carrier "Sinhun" VTT-323. The artillery unit is an X-NUMX-mm howitzer D-122, mounted in a wheelhouse open at the top and rear, covered with side armor plates. There is evidence that the self-propelled howitzer was exported to African countries, but it is not known where exactly;
- its further development was the 122-mm self-propelled howitzer "M-1985" on the same chassis with 4 MANPADS additionally installed on the slewing devices. (Honestly, I hardly understand why so many at once. Well, one or two missiles in the laying are still back and forth, given the global technical backlog aviation - from the sky they will nail strongly. But a special slewing ring? Moreover, in the immediate vicinity of the muzzle brake ... I can’t even vouch for the serviceability of the missiles if the gun fires. So here are some of my thoughts, inaccessible to me. On the march fight off in dozens of rockets, or what?);
- 122-mm self-propelled gun "M-1981" on tracked chassis "Tokchon" based on the Soviet medium artillery tractor ATS-59, artillery part - barrel 122-mm gun D-74 or its Chinese copy of "Type 60" installed in the open above and behind the wheelhouse, covered by side armor plates;
122-mm self-propelled gun "M-1981" in the KPA Museum
Well, of course, the North Koreans could not help but create a version with MANPADS, this time with two.
- 122-mm self-propelled gun "M-1991" on the armored chuche-po chassis based on the medium tank Chonma-ho - copies of the Soviet T-62, and the gun was already installed in the rear-mounted rotating armored turret;
- 130-mm self-propelled gun "M-1975" on tracked chassis "Tokchon" based on the Soviet medium artillery tractor ATS-59, artillery part-130 mm gun M-46 or its Chinese clone "Type 59", installed open on a rotary platform . The funny thing is that with such an unwise decision, the designers “hit the air” and created a completely modern machine according to the integral characteristics. It is also interesting, where the machine hit the frame: this picture refers to the period of 1998-2000 years and made in East Africa, where ACS was used during the Eritrean-Ethiopian War. Honestly, I can not even tell which side of the front line, she fought, but given the support of Eritreans from Western countries - I think that is likely, M1975 fought for Ethiopians;
- 130-mm self-propelled gun "M-1991" on a tracked chassis "Tokchon" on the basis of the Soviet medium artillery tractor ATS-59, artillery part - 130 mm gun M-46 or its Chinese clone "Type 59" installed in the open top and rear wheelhouse, covered by side armor plates.
- 130-mm self-propelled gun "M-1992" crawler "Tokchon" on the basis of exchange-59 Soviet medium artillery tractor, artillery unit - 130-mm coastal artillery system SM-4-1, set in an open top and rear of the cabin, covered by side armor plates. Most likely, this weapon is used in coastal artillery;
130-mm self-propelled gun "M-1991" in the museum stories KPA
Option with two MANPADS.
- 152-mm self-propelled gun-howitzer "M-1977" crawler "Tokchon" on the basis of Soviet medium artillery tractor ATS-59, artillery unit - 152 mm gun-howitzer D-20 or Chinese clone "type 66", set in the open at the top and behind the wheelhouse, covered with side armor plates;
152-mm self-propelled howitzer gun "M-1985" in the KPA History Museum
- 152-mm self-propelled gun-howitzer "M-1985" crawler "Tokchon" on the basis of Soviet medium artillery tractor ATS-59, artillery unit - 152 mm gun-howitzer D-20 or Chinese clone "type 66", set in the upper and open wheelhouse, covered with side armor plates.
- X-NUMX-mm self-propelled gun M-170 "Koksan", which is a 1978-mm cannon produced (and supposedly developed) in the DPRK, mounted in an open-type turret on the chassis of a T-170 tank or "54 Type", and also most likely on the basis of the medium tank "Cheonma-ho" - copies of the Soviet T-59. The ACS was first publicly demonstrated at the 62 military parade of the year. The estimated speed is 1985 km / h on the highway with a range of fuel for 40 km. The firing range of conventional shells is up to 300 km, with active-reactive type ammunition - up to 40 km (according to some unconfirmed data, up to 60 km.). "Koksan" is one of the most long-range weapons in the world. M-70 has a low rate of fire: 1978 — 1 shot in 2 minutes, but it fully pays off with its long range. Given the likelihood of the presence of chemical and biological munitions, it’s a strategic weapon!
North Korean leader Kim Jong-un inspects artillery unit armed with "Koksanami"
Seoul's sweet dream ...
30 guns on the chassis of Chinese tanks "Type 59" was delivered to Iran in 1987-1988's. and took part in the Iran-Iraq war. The Iranian "Koksans" delivered a lot of trouble to the Iraqis, because they hit targets from an distance beyond their artillery.
Iranian SAU M-1978 "Koksan" during the Iran-Iraq war
It is known that several of these self-propelled guns were captured or destroyed by Iraqi troops during the capture of the Faw Peninsula in 1988. However, there is evidence that the North Koreans sold "Koksany" to Iraq and Iran. And the Iraqis fired from these guns the oil development of Iran from the Al-Faw Peninsula.
Trophy Iranian ACS "Koksan" captured in 2003 by the Americans
10 "Koksanov" are in service in Iran as of 2010 year.
M170 Koksan 1978-mm ACS at the Iranian parade
The fighting in the Middle East revealed the real shortcomings of the first modifications in combat use: the low rate of fire and the small resource of the barrel, which the North Koreans took into account, creating a new modification:
- 170-mm ACS "M-1989" carrying 12 ammunition shells, made according to the type of Soviet 203-mm self-propelled gun 2С7 "Peony", on a modified armored chuchhe-po armored vehicle based on the medium tank "Chhonma-ho" Soviet T-62.
North Korean leader Kim Jong-un is present at the exercises of the armed part of the armed 170-mm SAU M-1989 "Koksan"
ACS "M 1978" and "M 1989" are deployed by the DPRK troops with batteries for 36 machines, mainly along the Korean demilitarized zone. The guns are usually covered in well-camouflaged concrete structures. The ACS are aimed at Seoul in order to have time to inflict sensitive losses on the enemy capital in the event of a military conflict - good range is sufficient, and the deployment time of self-propelled guns on the prepared positions will make it possible to make several volleys even in conditions of total domination of the enemy in the air. According to the estimates of American analysts, the battalion (division?) Of the "Koksanov" consists of 12 SAU (three batteries) and 20-30 heavy and medium trucks. In such a battalion there are 150-190 soldiers and officers. From 3 to 6, such battalions constitute a separate brigade, which reports directly to the Chosong Yingmin Gong, KPA Artillery Command.
Comparative drawing SAU "M 1978" and "M 1989"
However, in addition to the "Koksanov" and the North Koreans, there is another "surprise" - a giant three-barred recoil with characteristic thickening of the chambers and nozzle apparatuses and allegedly 370 caliber of millimeters. Self-propelled battery on a single chassis ... Why? What is the meaning of it? On sober head to fantasize a tactical niche to this monster does not even work. Functional analogue TOC-1 "Buratino"? With its rate of fire - not funny. Replacing tactical MLRS? More expensive and worse. Delivery vehicle nuclear weapons? The salvo shooting atomic shells is generally monstrous, in the spirit of anti-utopias. No, my mind decisively refuses to recognize it as something other than a propaganda machine for parades and shows.
Here is the Juche. And who against, will be eaten by dogs and shot from premium "Koksana" or a giant kickback, like this North Korean general. Kim Jong-un is guaranteed.
And finally, the video from the North Korean parade. You may notice some interesting patterns from the 2 minutes.
On the materials of the sites:
http://forums.airbase.ru/
http://www.militaryphotos.net/
http://www.militaryparitet.com/
http://shushpanzer-ru.livejournal.com/
http://strangernn.livejournal.com/
The ending should ...
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