Ruble and yuan against the dollar

It's time for the dollar to make room for international settlements. At the very least, payments between Russia and China will do without laying in the form of pale green paper. The Central Bank of Russia and the People's Bank of the People's Republic of China recently agreed on a draft agreement on swaps in national currencies. Chinese experts say that Western sanctions accelerate the rapprochement between Beijing and Moscow. And this is not propaganda.

8 August "Russian newspaper" it was reported that the central banks of Russia and China agreed on a draft agreement on swaps in national currencies. The possible volume of the program and the timing of its launch at the Central Bank of Russia is not yet discussed.

It is only known that the agreement will give direct access to the yuan to Russian companies doing business with Chinese partners. In turn, the Chinese will be able to pay with Russian businessmen in rubles.

Oleg Ivanov, Vice President of the Association of Regional Banks of Russia, told Rossiyskaya Gazeta that the agreement was being prepared for several months. “The issuers of the national currency - the central banks of the two countries - are ready to carry out transactions for the exchange of rubles for yuan and vice versa. This allows Russian counterparties who wish to make transactions in yuan, to make wider use of Chinese currency. Customers of Russian banks will be able to receive in their banks yuan directly from the Bank of Russia. The latter will be able to freely change rubles to the yuan. This can be an almost inexhaustible source of RMB for Russian business, ”the expert said.

The publication notes that in the structure of foreign trade settlements of Russia and China today more than 75% belongs to the dollar, which creates a source of income for the American economy. If the new currency swap instrument is in demand among Russian and Chinese companies, it will indirectly increase the trade turnover between the two countries.

Yuan in general assertively “invades” the world financial system, cramping the dollar and the euro, and even in Europe. As recalled "Lenta.ru"China has previously concluded settlement agreements in national currencies with the countries of South America and the APR. And in 2013, China signed an agreement on direct currency trading with the UK and Singapore. Almost simultaneously, Beijing and Brussels approved 350 swap transactions worth RMB billion. Result: last year, the yuan ranked the euro in the list of the most traded world currencies.

He told about the benefits of giving up the dollar in settlements with China, which Russia can get "Free Press" former deputy head of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation, economist Yuri Boldyrev.

“For any pair of states claiming sovereignty, getting rid of the third currency in mutual settlements is an absolute and unconditional benefit. And the fact that in Russia this issue was not resolved 10-15 years ago is on the conscience of our government. But better late than never. ”

The economist points out that this “vital” question concerns trade with China and India, and in the future with Brazil, Argentina and those countries from which Russia plans to buy food.

As for the United States, for them such a “growing power trend” will be painful.

The economist answered the journalist’s question about the volume of trade:

“The question is not the volume of trade. We are talking about changing the entire philosophy of trade and economic relations. The question should not be: if you do not have dollars, you can not buy anything. This question should be excluded from the world view of both sides - both Russia and China. ”

Another expert, head of Finance and Economics at the Institute of Contemporary Development Nikita Maslennikov, told SP that the agreement between Russia and China would not be too painful for the United States.

Maslennikov cited data from the Bank for International Settlements, according to which the dollar today is in the world of 87% in the structure of calculations. And for some commodity markets it will not be easy to get away from dollar settlements (the markets for liquid hydrocarbons, weapons, aerospace products, high technologies).

“In the future, the role of other currencies will indeed increase in international settlements, among which - on the horizon of five to seven years - the yuan may appear. However, the dollar will occupy the niche of the currency with which the technological rent is charged. Roughly speaking, if I have super-advanced software or hardware, except for dollars, I will not sell it to you. And such a situation, I repeat, is unlikely to change in the foreseeable future ... "

But the Chinese opinion.

Chinese experts believe that sanctions against Russia accelerate the rapprochement between Beijing and Moscow. Reported on this August 13 China Radio International.

The article notes that Western sanctions are supposedly aimed at suggesting that Russia have to pay for actions towards Ukraine, but in fact the American "goal is to influence the speed of Russia's development and prevent its rise."

Meanwhile, Russia's energy is “the best weapon"Against sanctions, experts say.

Among the measures to counter sanctions, Chinese scientists include not only the establishment of a development bank of the BRICS countries, but also the cessation of the use of dollar settlements by Russian industrial companies.

In addition, Russia plans to buy parts for electronic products from China. According to Chinese experts, in this way Russia “initiates the beginning of a new chapter of economic and strategic cooperation.” And the "circles of sanctions" in the end only "accelerate the rapprochement between Russia and China."

“In addition, a hard rebuff to the West is not Putin’s personal style, but a universal popular position. After Crimea joined in Russia, Putin’s support in the country increased, which is the best evidence. Historically, Russia had to constantly expand its possessions in order to resolve internal conflicts and strengthen the unity of the nation, and now it’s even more necessary to make the West an image of an enemy in order to soften dissatisfied moods in the country and suppress separatist sentiments ”.

So, it becomes clear that the Chinese and Russians should be united as never before in the matter of circumventing the dollar, for the White House will do everything possible to prevent the growth of state payments in national currencies. A hindrance to the world domination of the dollar will be both Russia and China. Accordingly, both Russia and China will have one “enemy image”. Actually, this is not an image, but a real enemy.

Allies do not choose - just as they do not choose neighbors.

Observed and commented on Oleg Chuvakin
- especially for topwar.ru

Comments

[mirag2]

What would the yuan (ruble, etc.) - become the world's reserve currency, virtually all countries should accept it as such, and if the rapprochement between China and Russia is straining the EU (the United States, it has already strained) -do not be the yuan as a currency of world significance, regional- yes, but it’s hardly worth counting on anything more.

[Boris55]

Quote: mirag2

... not be renminbi a world currency ...

"Hay does not go to the cow"
In Europe and the USA, the light did not converge. In the world of 230 countries. BRICS is half the world's population.
We have raw materials, China has well-established production - why can't we dictate what we should be sold for?

[mirag2]

No, we can dictate "what" and "what" to sell to US, but we cannot influence the entire world market, the international currency, which is provided by the whole world economy, Russia and China.

[mirag2]

Roughly speaking, if we sell gas to Turkey for lira, then we can only buy goods for lira, in Turkey, because in order to buy something in France from the sale of gas to Turkey, the lira will first have to be converted into euros, dollar loss due to the conversion, once, and if we do not accept FATKA, they will also fine us for 30% of the transaction amount.
All the talk that we can completely abandon the dollar, the euro, and roll it off with this is from the category of dreams.
The reality is unfortunately a bit different.

[Boris55]

Quote: mirag2

... Roughly speaking, if we sell gas to Turkey for lira, we can only buy goods for lira in Turkey ...

And if we sell gas to them for RMB, and we will buy for the rescue not in Europe but in China?
The rules of "one-sided game" written by the Anglo-Saxons do not last forever.

[225chay]

Quote: Boris55

And if we sell gas to them for RMB, and we will buy for the rescue not in Europe but in China?

Yes, let’s say for gold and other precious metals, metals are also not bad to sell!

[Motors1991]

There is such Deputy Prime Minister Rogozin, and his son goes to Lexus, do you think he will switch to Cherie or Geely, I doubt it. You can talk as much as you like about the flaw of the dollar, but there are no other options yet. At one time, the euro was the second world currency, but quickly sour. While the US economy dominates the world, 22-23% of world GDP, the dollar will be in demand. The combined GDP of China and Russia is two-thirds of the US GDP. For those who do not know this ratio had the GDP of the Soviet Union to American .SSSR was a real superpower and could for a long time alone confront the whole Western world together with China. In today's realities, a weak Russia will be tied to a strong China, i.e. it will become a big market. Why China needs this, understandably. Why Russia, I don’t know. As one of my friends said: If we let them (Chinese) here, we will all become unemployed. Is this Russia? I doubt it.

[dauria]

The combined GDP of China and Russia is two-thirds of US GDP

Let me disagree.

List of countries by nominal value of gross domestic product in dollar terms,
calculated using the market exchange rate or established by the authorities. This
the indicator cannot be considered objective, since it has a significant drawback - it does not
takes into account the difference in prices for homogeneous goods and services in different countries

To eliminate this drawback, GDP has been developed at purchasing power parity (PPP),

which is considered for all countries at American prices taken as the standard. PPP GDP
most accurately shows the economic rating of the country.


List of countries by GDP (PPP) in billions of dollars 2013


1 USA 16800
2 PRC 16158
3 India 6774
4 Japan 4624
5 Germany 3493
6 Russia 3461


so in 2014 China will become the first economy in the world .... The USA is no longer a hegemon

[Motors1991]

You forgot to add Ukraine to this list, if you recalculate the ratio of the hryvnia to the dollar at the Big Mac exchange rate, then the dollar should cost 3-4 hryvnias, not thirteen, as it is now, and Ukraine should sit down exactly after Russia, and realities in net dollars: US GDP for 2013 is about 15,5 trillion dollars, China 7,5 trillion dollars, Russia 2.1 trillion dollars. According to this indicator, Russia shares the 8th-9th place with Italy, but Ukraine takes sixty .

[atalef]

Quote: dauria

so in 2014 China will become the first economy in the world .... The USA is no longer a hegemon

it is not necessary to consider in absolute terms - this is not even the average temperature in the hospital.
Always and everywhere, the only correct indicator (the development of country 0 is GDP per capita.
Go to WIKI, look at the data and understand. that even if China unites with the Russian Federation and India, they will not be able to dictate anything.
mk it’s still harder to feed 3.5 billion people than 350 million.

[Vasek]

Quote: Motors1991

The combined GDP of China and Russia is two-thirds of US GDP

Let me get acquainted with the source of such a statement?
Thank you in advance.

[Motors1991]

Google to help you, it would be a desire, there are full reports on all countries.

[Suhow]

it’s a pity that the Union was a spotted bear and was changed to green paper. And many people continue this business both in Russia and Ukraine. Although in Ukraine we are the first ...

[tokens2]

The meaning of the dollar is ... to simulate a rapid flow of water ... with the task of stopping an avalanche. The entire value of the dollar lies in the future. That is, a forecast of how much more productive people will be to plug the "holes of excess financial liquidity."
The dollar is a "desert mirage", which is periodically brought to life along with the next soap bubbles in all spheres of life.
Can the ruble become a world currency?
If Russia can create its own "mirages".
The Chinese have already created their own "mirage" of over 1 billion people

[atalef]

Quote: Boris55

And if we sell gas to them for RMB, and we will buy for the rescue not in Europe but in China?

And that China can sell everything. what do you need ?
China is a country of cheap assembly of products 10-15 years ago, and so it will be kept.

[kolyhalovs]

I am certainly not an expert. But my question is why we cannot sell gas to Turkey for rubles, and not for lira? Where will they get rubles from? ruble-lira "swaps", which are discussed in this article. Where will the rubles go? Either here we go to the domestic market, or for "swaps" of ruble-yuan, ruble-euro, ruble-dollar ... And then the Chinese, Europeans, Americans buy our goods for rubles. It also says that this is a new philosophy. It is very difficult technically, and even more difficult to break the minds of "economists" who grew up with the dollar invariant and their brain cannot imagine any other state of affairs. But this is what it seems to me to be. Even if there is a planning mistake and some currency is not enough, then for sure you can use the same dollar as a buffer. But definitely, any the amount of "swap" in relation to non-dollar partners is the trouble of our dollar "partners".

[mirag2]

I have not heard about the sale for RUBLES, I heard about the sale for LIRs, if yes for rubles, you can easily put them into circulation inside the country.

[kolyhalovs]

AND! Are you talking about a specific case (talk of selling gas for lira). I did not hear about it, therefore I did not understand you right away. Then we will assume that I did not answer you, but simply commented on the article.
By the way, the other day in Yalta, someone very similar to Putin, hinted at export for rubles. I hadn’t heard that from him before either.

[Kasym]

In mutual settlements, the following scheme must be accepted: your product is sold for your money. Otherwise, anyone will print "dummies" for which they can buy everything abroad.
That is, if I buy Chinese, I have to pay in yuan, Turkish for lira. And my apples, conditionally, for tenge, even for a Chinese, even for a Turk; Russian gas for rubles. And if I can buy Chinese or Turkish for tenge, then it becomes possible to print "dummy". There will be unnecessary suspicion of trading partners. And so, I picked the apples, sold; means so much in monetary terms and print to Kazakhstan (and whether a Turk or a Chinese buys these tenge to buy apples, I don't care). This is how control comes into being. This is my personal point of view.

[Andrey Ulyanovsky]

Currency swap is an agreement of the parties (issuing central banks) on the equality of obligations for payments in the currencies of the parties at the rates fixed in the agreement. In other words, the “free” (in terms of settlements between legal entities-counterparties) circulation of the yuan in our country and the ruble in China is recognized. That is, banks accept ANY of two currencies (or three, four ... if there is an agreement with other countries) to the current account as payment.
What does "dummy" have to do with it?
By the way, there are expectations that with a virtually underestimated ruble (the ruble / green note in fact should be about 17-18 rubles for the face of the green prez) and the continuation of the relationship in the form of swap lines; the exchange rate of the ruble will creep up (and with a decrease in turnover with gundosia and mongrel), very much.

[figter]

kolyhalovs
I am certainly not an expert. But my question is why we cannot sell gas to Turkey for rubles, and not for lira? Where will they get rubles from? ruble-lira "swaps", which are discussed in this article. Where will the rubles go? Either here we go to the domestic market, or to "swaps" ruble-yuan, ruble-euro, ruble-dollar ... And then the Chinese, Europeans, Americans buy our goods for rubles.

Thus, the demand for the purchase of the ruble will rise, which in the future will lead to its growth.
Our economists are the main boss in the United States, so they cater to him - the demand for the dollar is rising.

[saag]

Quote: figter

Thus, the demand for the purchase of the ruble will rise,

Thus, there is a shortage of money supply, the machine turns on and inflation begins to creep and the ruble exchange rate falls

[Steel loli]

In the root is not true.
Inflation is not possible if the state can "throw" the excess money supply abroad. A striking example of this is the United States - the Fed prints banknotes at the limit of its capabilities and gives the government eight times more loans than it can print physical banknotes, but there is no hyperinflation.
In Russia, one of the reasons for the depreciation of the domestic currency is precisely the pegging to the dollar. The dollar is getting cheaper and all currencies tied to it are falling in price relative to currencies independent of it.
If the ruble was in demand abroad as such and the state would trade its goods only for it, then the following process would take place: the Central Bank prints the ruble, Europe-Asia purchase rubles, how much they need for their currency (Euro-yuan) and pay for purchases of Russian In such cases, the state receives foreign currency of its largest trading partners and export rubles, which it can spend anywhere in its country or resell for currency.
But in order to do this, the Central Bank would have to be nationalized, made it truly a state bank, profitable for the state, and not a private shop working to repaint the dollar into rubles.

[saag]

What provides the ruble? an increase in money supply lowers the percentage of collateral

[atalef]

Quote: Steel Loli

Inflation is not possible if the state can "throw" the excess money supply abroad

This is the case. if the currency (like a dollar) does not return back to the country, in the case of the ruble. how many rubles you don’t throw away - they will return to the Russian Federation.
That's when there’s a saying - it’s the ruble and the ruble in Africa - then turn it on and print

Quote: Steel Loli

A vivid example of this is the United States - the Fed prints banknotes to the limit and gives the government eight times more loans each year than it can print material banknotes, but there is no hyperinflation.

see answer above

Quote: Steel Loli

In Russia, one of the reasons for the depreciation of the domestic currency is precisely the pegging to the dollar. The dollar is getting cheaper and all currencies tied to it are falling in price relative to currencies independent of it.

not to the dollar, but to the raw materials
because explain to me . Why is inflation in rubles 3 times higher than in the dollar?

Quote: Steel Loli

The Central Bank prints the ruble, Europe-Asia purchases rubles, how much they need for their currency (Euro-yuan) and pays for purchases of Russian goods in rubles, in this case the state receives foreign currency of its largest trading partners and export rubles, which it can spend where anywhere in your country or resell for currency.

Mistake - in any case, your entire scheme is twisted to return the ruble to the Russian Federation - then inflation is inevitable.
The dollar goes abroad and countries trade among themselves - while it does not return to the States and does not affect the money supply within the country.
I’m not talking about the hundreds of billions that the people are holding just in small bottles.
With rubles this is not - and it is unlikely to be in the near future.

[atalef]

Quote: figter

Thus, the demand for the purchase of the ruble will rise, which in the future will lead to its growth.

of course. with the strengthening of the ruble i.e. a decrease in the number of rubles for one dollar, what we get.
(since the budget consists mainly of the sale of resources)
The prices of resources (oil, etc.) are more or less stable, which means that when the ruble strengthens, the revenues of the selling enterprises and the budget (in ruble terms will decrease by 0). Of course, there is no question of falling prices inside the country — we get a lack of funds in the budget. paid obligations and freezing social programs.
The government is not only not profitable to strengthen the ruble. it is very pretty when it falls - there is more money in the treasury. and then. that the population will pay more for imports. who cares ?
The government fulfills its obligation And inflation - well, because it only affects the population.
You will pay more on loans and mortgages.

[pensioner]

Quote: kolyhalovs

Of course, I am not an expert.

Thanks for clarifying.
And do not be shy .

[atalef]

Quote: kolyhalovs

Of course, I am not an expert. But my question is why we can not sell gas to Turkey for rubles, and not for lira?

because they are buyers - they decide

[Zaporozhets]

there is such a thing as barter and it doesn’t matter what kind of goods and shares you need to convert !!!

[atalef]

Quote: Zaporozhets

there is such a thing as barter and it doesn’t matter what kind of goods and shares you need to convert !!!

of course. so they traded in the stone age.
A goat for a cow.

[Alekseev]

Quote: mirag2

All the talk that we can completely abandon the dollar, the euro, and roll it off with this is from the category of dreams.

Why did you convince yourself that someone wants to crash the dollar?
The question is to get away from dependence on the dollar.
Foreign trade should become multicurrency, i.e. we and our counterparties must use to calculate those currencies that are beneficial to us and them. Those. and the euro and the yuan, and the dollar, and Turkish lira including.
Quite correctly noticed about the sale of gas for lira. Yes, by selling gas to China in this way, it is most appropriate for us to buy the goods we need not in the EU, but in China.
But having sold us something for rubles, Turkey will mainly buy goods for these same ones? In the Russian Federation, of course.
It is called a departure from globalization that is not beneficial to us, and the United States is mainly profitable.
As for American fines, you just need to keep assets in the USA (and their puppets) and send them away with their courts and fines.
What benefit can slip away? Nothing, in the end, the profit will be greater.

[nerd.su]

Quote: mirag2

All the talk that we can completely abandon the dollar, the euro, and roll it off with this is from the category of dreams.

What does it mean from the category of dreams? How long has the dollar occupied such a position that settlements without it are from the category of dreams? Reality is formed by people, not dollars.

[Poldol]

You only take into account trade between countries. But most of the American money is invested in bonds, stocks, government securities, government loans, loans and other virtual pieces of paper, which have nothing to do with real goods. Do you think that USAA owes 18 trillion for Chinese sneakers?

[Wheel]

Quote: mirag2

No, we can dictate "what" and "what" to sell to US, but we cannot influence the entire world market, the international currency, which is provided by the whole world economy, Russia and China.

Provided by whom?
You did not confuse the world economy with the Fed printing press?

[avdkrd]

Quote: mirag2

No, we can dictate "what" and "what" to sell to US, but we cannot influence the entire world market, the international currency, which is provided by the whole world economy, Russia and China.

Very possible. That same global economy, and so on the verge of life and death. What kind of economy are we talking about? What provides whom? It’s definitely not the dollar that provides the economy, but vice versa. This is unnatural as well as incest. The world economy is doomed by this indicator. Why do we need a reserve currency that does not fulfill its main purpose? Rupee, Yuan and the ruble are provided to a greater extent. I don’t know for sure whether it is necessary to create a new currency with a fuzzy emission center (for the BRICS countries), but this is definitely better than the dollar. Now Russia does not have access to emissions and, accordingly, Russia pays tribute for the use of the dollar, which in turn is even the national currency of the ASPnet, but simply the money of a private issue de jure is the Fed’s money. It is just logical if a new reserve currency appears, and not private, but interstate, with collateral, say in kilowatts.

[atalef]

Quote: avdkrd

Very possible. That same global economy, and so on the verge of life and death.

Come on

Quote: avdkrd

What kind of economy are we talking about? What provides whom? It’s definitely not the dollar that provides the economy, but vice versa. This is unnatural as well as incest.

and what is your formula about the ruble? Who provides whom? - And in general, do you understand what money is and their functions?

Quote: avdkrd

I don’t know for sure whether it is necessary to create a new currency with a blurred emission center (for the BRICS countries), but this is definitely better than the dollar

Of course, make an emission center for example in Argentina. it went through 10 years of 2 defaults and inflation at 20%, and most importantly, therefore, convince people to trust this currency in the world

Quote: avdkrd

Now Russia does not have access to issue

And who prints Russian rubles? Zimbabwe?

Quote: avdkrd

It is just logical if a new reserve currency appears, and not private, but interstate, with collateral, say in kilowatts.

Why not in ampere hours?
And then, Sayanoshushenskaya again (God forbid) will fuck --- and 15% of the security flew away.
And so in the batteries - you can store

[Alekseev]

Quote: Boris55

why can't we dictate what we should sell for?

Including high-tech industries and the liquid hydrocarbon market.
It is not at all necessary to trade the entire volume of oil through the exchange.
Long-term contract in the studio! and settlement in the currency that suits the seller and the buyer.

[avdkrd]

Quote: Boris55

In Europe and the USA, the light did not converge. In the world of 230 countries. BRICS is half the world's population.
We have raw materials, China has well-established production - why can't we dictate what we should be sold for?

Everything is correct. At present, "what to sell for" is not dictated by the real value of the dollar, but by its political value and some fears about the collapse of the economic model of the world, in case of abandonment and as a result of general chaos. It is rather foolish for Russia to participate in this delusion, since it is obvious that chaos is created to a much greater extent to maintain the current system. Drainage of the dollar in the short term is very possible, and obvious in the medium term. Why play along with the enemy if you have all the necessary tools and resources to break up his system ????? We do not have an alternative system that we can give the world to replace, but the collapse of the flawed will give us an advantage. Doesn't this meet the national interests of Russia?

[atalef]

Quote: Boris55

In Europe and the USA, the light did not converge. In the world of 230 countries. BRICS is half the world's population.

You can reduce to one organization and 70% of the world's population. but all the same she will be a crowd of beggars
No amount of population plays a role.

Quote: Boris55

We have raw materials, China has well-established production - why can't we dictate what we should be sold for?

Because . that selling raw materials is not possible to dictate. Raw materials can be bought from anyone and without any connection with industrial and scientific potential. Angola sells the same oil and at the same price as Russia. (Maybe more expensive. Maybe cheaper), but only a highly developed one can develop a modern chip (this is an example)
economy, and there are few such countries. And those who are few - those in the market and dictate.

[Serzh73]

After some time, a lot of it will pass or a little, but the dollar as a world currency will sink into oblivion. There will be many currencies, but the main one, I hope this will be.

[atalef]

Quote: Serzh73

After some time, a lot of it will pass or a little, but the dollar as a world currency will sink into oblivion. There will be many currencies, but the main one, I hope this will be.

This --- which one?

[Vasek]

Quote: mirag2

What would the yuan (ruble, etc.) - become the world's reserve currency

The article is not about new reserve currencies, let alone "world" ones.
As far as I understand, we are talking about mutual settlements between Russia and China.
This in itself affects the dollar, but not fatally. But the precedent itself (with the possibility of developing into a trend) frightens Americans mortally.
In addition, the collapse of any established system involves associated chaos and costs.
But the forest is cut - chips fly, and outdated systems are always replaced by new, more flexible and progressive ones.
The good news is that Russia and China (and after them the whole BRICS, let's hope) were the first to start scrapping the $ -system. It is hoped that the debris of the dollar pyramid will touch us less than those who are still afraid to come off their American boobs.

[atalef]

Quote: Vasek

This in itself affects the dollar, but not fatally. But the precedent itself (with the possibility of developing into a trend) frightens Americans mortally.

Yes, nothing scares
This was practically not even reflected in the world media.
Trade between the Russian Federation and China - 7 billion.
between the USA and China - 208 billion
China's total trade turnover reached 4 trillion
What is the conversation about?
Look at the numbers.
China will undermine the dollar (being the largest holder of T-bills in America in the world and trading with the states 30 times more than with Russia)
Laughter and more.
Do you think the Chinese are worse than the locomotive - chop the branch on which they sit?

[Poldol]

Quote: mirag2

What would the yuan (ruble, etc.) - become the world's reserve currency, virtually all countries should accept it as such, and if the rapprochement between China and Russia is straining the EU (the United States, it has already strained) -do not be the yuan as a currency of world significance, regional- yes, but it’s hardly worth counting on anything more.

The dollar was made artificially the world currency, including with the help of the USSR (in the 50s). But! I will give an example close to me personally. The Radio Regulations clearly state that international radiotelegrams are settled in Swiss gold francs. There used to be such a "world currency", no one is in a hurry to fix the binding of settlements, for example, to the US dollar or Euro. That is, you just need a world standard, the stability of which is the highest. So far, de facto, such a standard is considered not gold, but USD, and it is completely unreasonable!

[atalef]

Quote: PolDol

So far, de facto such a standard is considered not gold, but USD, and it is completely unreasonable!

Reasonably. They are the first economy in the world.

[Basarev]

Why will we again buy parts for electronic products? Is it really impossible to produce your own?

[mirag2]

So far it’s impossible! Where is it seen that in a MONTH-TWO to establish its own production of a technologically complex product, in fact with the absence of the necessary technologies at the moment?
We will, and in no other way, but later.

[muginov2015]

Yeah, kanesh! 16 years after all it was not enough to reach such a simple thought.

[Samurai3X]

High-tech production (electronics) is guarded no worse than rocket and nuclear technology. In addition to knowing the technology, it also needs to get around the patent.
We are traditionally weak in electronics. In military electronics, even more so (in your opinion, why did we fly into space so often in the 80 and 90? The equipment was covered at satellites and tracking stations).
There are already production facilities near Tver, Moscow and Novosibirsk. Now engineers and scientists are being developed who will be able to construct something of their own.
In the USA, this problem was easier. They were pioneers in this area when most countries did not want to pour money into this dubious business. And we put a bolt on this area. As a result, at 90 we had already lagged behind at 40. In years 5-7 something will happen, but not later.

[Avic]

In the late 80s, the "lag" was no more than 2 years.
Do not repeat their local mantras for backward scoops for local Russophobes, if you do not know.

[andj61]

Quote: AVic

In the late 80s, the "lag" was no more than 2 years.
Do not repeat their local mantras for backward scoops for local Russophobes, if you do not know.

I studied at the institute in 1978-84, then worked, I can impartially judge the level of development of electronics at that time. On the 1st year at the Moscow State Technical University. Bauman (now MSTU) in computer science lessons, we were taught to handle lamp (? !!) calculating machines, crap, like a simple calculator. New Year 197 8. the first engineering calculator was released - ours, with functions - 220 rubles apiece - this is very expensive, at least 22000 rubles for today's money. On 5-6 courses I did term paper and a diploma on Iskra 1256 - it was our "hit", but this hit was inferior to the simplest ZX Sectrum forever. Around 1985 in Moscow there was an exhibition "Informatics in the life of the United States" - having got acquainted, we realized the real lag - at least 10-15 years. The element base, the production of printers - they simply did not exist, the GDR Robotron, which worked 1 day a week; monitors - b / w - etc.
At the same time, in the military industry, our S-200 air defense systems of the 60s with the "Senezh" or "Vector-2M" automated control systems are built on transistors (!) As an element base for performance characteristics, maintainability, etc. surpassed the American Patriot in the 80s, although it took longer to develop and was adopted only in the 80s.

[Stanislas]

Quote: mirag2

We will, and in no other way, but later.

The Chinese have taken a lot of technological things from us, and we can take something similar from them in the neighborhood.

[225chay]

Quote: mirag2

So far it’s impossible! Where is it seen that in a MONTH-TWO to establish its own production of a technologically complex product, in fact with the absence of the necessary technologies at the moment?
We will, and in no other way, but later.

what month or two?
And Skolkovo, what time does other nanoproduction exist?

[Sanglier]

What for? Again try to return to technological isolation. In the USSR, they tried to establish domestic microelectronics, and so what?

[mirag2]

What kind of thoughts are there? Forgive me, but you don’t see elementary things!
Or a pure substitution of concepts:not technological isolation, but technological INDEPENDENCE, from which national, state, political, foreign policy independence grows!

[Bobxnumx]

I agree. The main INDEPENDENCE!

[andj61]

Quote: mirag2

Or a pure substitution of concepts: not technological isolation, but technological INDEPENDENCE, from which national, state, political, foreign policy independence grows!

I support! technological independence is extremely important, but only 100% hardly feasible.

See who manufactures processors now? These are China and Southeast Asia, and also, in my opinion, Ireland - there is an Intel factory. That is, manufacturers, developers, are in the USA, and production is taken out of the USA. That is, if China, Southeast Asia and Ireland stop supplying processors, the world will stop, at least, before the launch of new plants. In the US, new processors will no longer be developed - only progress will slow down. We cannot start from scratch - we do not have experience in the production of modern processors, although we used to produce them, but competitive processors did it piece by piece. Now there is none of this. Therefore, you need to start with the production of simple devices and accessories, slowly complicating.
And try, together with Western companies to build a factory of processors at home, with something to interest them. This must be done, we must learn from the West and do it ourselves!
We, in the whole world, need to actively develop two industries: microelectronics and machine tool construction.
Having these industries developed, having gigantic scientific potential, we can really be independent in the modern, dependent world.

[atalef]

Quote: andj61

. That is, manufacturers, developers, are in the USA, and production is taken out of the USA. That is, if China, Southeast Asia and Ireland stop supplying processors, the world will stop, at least until the launch of new plants

Will not stop . one of the largest Intel factories, as well as a development center located in Israel

Quote: andj61

And try, together with Western companies to build a factory of processors at home, with something to interest them.

You can only be interested in money

[Avic]

And have established!

[muginov2015]

the jingoistic patriots zadolbali. People asked real questions and immediately zamusunuyut, inadequate brainwashed.

[dzvero]

depending on what. mass production is meaningless. it is necessary to produce specialized microcircuits for critical areas as well as the production of components on new materials - for example. Arsenide Galium. The last emnip you have is established.

[i80186]

GaAs is not a new material, SiC is a new material. As for the technologies for the production of crystals, you can easily buy them. This is not the problem, the problem is in people, we do not have specialists. Look, I remember a year in 2008 bought a 90 nm line at Mikron, so they stupidly mastered it for three years. Often, the simplest production culture is lacking. So it goes. In general, no one bothers to buy the necessary process technology, equipment, there is no one to work on it. In our universities, more and more lawyers and economists are being trained.

[saag]

Quote: i80186

So it goes. In general, no one bothers to purchase the necessary process technology

But who will sell it and the equipment to it, is there an extra 5 billion?

[zvereok]

If you have not learned how to grow your vegetables, although in the Kuban, click seeds, and from the husk, sunflower will sprout. What kind of electronics are we talking about?

[atalef]

Quote: Basarev

Why will we again buy parts for electronic products? Is it really impossible to produce your own?

sure . tomorrow already.

[Pro100Igor]

We will crush the buck and very soon.

[calocha]

... Reserve Ukrainian wa fierce!

[Ascetic]

Quote: Pro100

We will crush the buck and very soon.

1 RUBLE = $ 56 COURSE OF THE MICEX FOR 2015!

[alexandr-budarin1]

You need to pay for your goods in your own currency, and that's all, and let the mattress covers stick over the toilets with their "papers" !! Plus, the link of all currencies to their resources. A rich country is a reliable and resource-rich currency.

[Sanglier]

Handsomely!!! How to assess the "wealth" of a country and its currency? Could you tell? And if "wealth" decreases, then how ...

[muginov2015]

It has long been estimated. We only have proven reserves of $ 30000 per capita, more than anywhere else.

[Boris55]

Quote: aleksandr-budarin1

... Plus, the binding of all currencies to their resources ...

We have been talking about energy ruble for a long time (there is plenty of information on the Internet). It’s not possible to speculate on it - Electric power spent on the production of the same product is the same in the USA, in Russia, in Africa ...

A sharp rejection of the dollar is not acceptable - this is fraught with big problems in the economy of all countries.

[Petrovich1952]

A sharp rejection of the dollar is not acceptable - it is fraught with big problems in the economy of all countries. Before the collapse of the UNION, how many candy wrappers cost and tell me how it is provided? But it’s worth nothing and it was elevated to us by him to the rank of His Majesty. It was written on the ruble and on a candy wrapper it is not and why the ruble is now not the coat of arms of RUSSIA. Another question.

[Boris55]

Valentin Katasonov: The Golden Bretton Woods hoax.
At the Bretton Woods conference in 1944, it was established that the dollar is becoming equal to gold and is accepted around the world as a reserve currency. Later, at the Jamaican conference in 1973, the United States abandoned the gold content of the dollar. But arranged global oil sales only for dollars, securing demand for their currency.

[kolyhalovs]

I generally consider energy ruble a mistake. It is impossible to attach money to kWh. If one kWh costs 1 ruble, then how much is a kilogram of wheat? If you calculate the costs in kWh (rubles) for wheat production, then you will get a completely unprofitable agricultural sector. And how much is labor? Half an hour waving a sledgehammer - is it more or less than one lesson spent at school? And creative activity - how is it measured in kWh? As a result, no binding is obtained. In addition, kWh cannot cost 1 ruble, because there is still transportation of this kWh to the consumer. At a power plant, it also cannot cost the same, because the conditions of production, raw materials are everywhere different. In short, this is a mistake.

[Boris55]

Quote: kolyhalovs

I generally consider energy ruble a mistake.

Watch the video from 2006 from the 16 minute:

[kolyhalovs]

I honestly looked from 16 to 23 minutes. A competent person speaks. But not a word about energy ruble. He is talking about an energy invariant. This is a no brainer. Now the dollar is holding so steeply because it is traded in oil (energy). I personally consider energy resources as minerals or agricultural products, finally, but not electricity in any way. Electricity is not a basic resource! And on the Internet, I often stumble upon the word energy ruble, which means that you need to make 1 kWh equal to 1 ruble and everything will line up by itself and there will be no inflation or something else will come up. This is mistake. I thought so, and I think so.

[rainufa]

It is interesting to me that the bank will change the ticket of an electric ruble for energy? Batteries or batteries?

[Dragon-y]

Let them make payments for purchases on AliExpress without conversion into dollars - it will be even more profitable ...

[Good_Taxist]

Rouen or YUBL !? It is urgent to determine !!!

[air wolf]

It would be nice to, but our aligarchs keep the loot unfortunately not in rubles and yuan ...

[siberalt]

Calculation of national currencies is certainly good. Mostly for China. Unlike Russia, they have a national state bank, and not a branch of the Amer Fed, as in Russia. Therefore, the strongest response to sanctions may be to amend our Constitution. Both in relation to the credit and financial system, and in relation to the priority of Russian legislation over Anglo-Saxon with the exit from the jurisdiction of the ECHR. We have the SCO, BRIGS, EAEU. And on this basis to create already political alliances with their attributes, as an alternative to the obsolete privatized UN offspring of pi * ndostan.

[kartalovkolya]

What about the ruble-yuan? Yes, our rulers had long had to understand the profitability of this, our and Chinese entrepreneurs have long understood this and trade without currencies - intermediaries, the ruble and the yuan have long been involved in cross-border trade, and what has become worse? In China, we are very willing to accept our rubles, so go ahead!

[Murz-on]

It's high time to switch to this type of payment! I pay with China only in Yuan, when I come to the bank to transfer money, I confuse the bank employees - they cannot immediately determine what course they have! They start to run, call, search, then give birth.

[AleXL-77]

Here is our answer!

[vodolaz]

The Americans were very tense, because sanctions began to give the exact opposite result.

[saag]

Before the European Union there was a currency for non-cash payments - ECU, why reinvent the wheel?

[doxtop]

Quote: mirag2

not be a renminbi currency of world significance, regional

The Chinese do not strive for this. It is very unprofitable for them if the yuan comes from free circulation all over the world. In this case, a "regression" effect may arise in their economic sector. Therefore, China will agree to the status of the yuan as a regional currency, but certainly not the world currency!

[Name]

Greetings to all! In light of recent discontent from EC one of the congressmen said that the United States, by its sanctions, instead of pushing RUSSIA into isolation, is itself ONE.

[ksandr45]

and now, and even more so, it is necessary to make an image of the enemy from the West in order to soften the dissatisfied mood in the country and suppress separatist sentiments

I don’t understand what kind of separatist sentiment is being said? Hto is it here we are going to separate? whom to separate to the Antarctic?

[Monster_Fat]

Smart financiers in our country and all over the world have long been dissatisfied with this picture, when one country has built a complete dependence of the whole world on its currency and, moreover, has built it this way and uses this system to put pressure on those who displease it, for one reason or another. for other reasons. By the way, Switzerland, which was once a world financial center, has long been "gritting its teeth" about this state of affairs and wants to regain "financial independence". The Swiss have long been proposing a system when settlements are carried out between countries in the currency that is convenient for these countries, and if someone needs to convert the national currency into some other, then they can do it in Swiss banks.

[Sergei 57]

Even in the 90s he did not use the dollar, and nothing, he did not starve.

[Er55]

I would like to think that our government protects us and gives us freedom of personal space, but alas, here http://yourssname.blogspot.com I was convinced of the opposite, here you can find data on any person in Russia. I decided to find myself and in just a few seconds I got a page on which there was an exhaustive profile about me. It’s good that you can hide the profile, as everyone can see it.

[Loner_53]

But this is a good plop on the face of the dollar

[domiemon]

Of course, the USA will not be quickly ousted from Olympus, but the transition to mutual settlements in national currencies between the PRC and the Russian Federation will definitely contribute to the growth of trade between our countries, and in the future between the PRC and the CU. If, in time, India, Brazil and, say, Iran join this process, this will seriously undermine the point of view that there is no alternative to the dollar. The United States will be forced to live more and more within its means. It will not pull any global expansion. Remember the once powerful colonial empires: Britain, France, Spain, Portugal. Now they are just regional players (and in the case of Spain, they are not particularly large). The same will be with the USA. There it will be superimposed on the process of a natural decrease in the white population and, accordingly, the degradation of scientific and industrial potential. In 20-30 years, the current picture of the world will significantly change in an evolutionary way. Sic transit gloria mundi!

[el.krokodil]

Quote: mirag2

What would the yuan (ruble, etc.) - become the world's reserve currency, virtually all countries should accept it as such, and if the rapprochement between China and Russia is straining the EU (the United States, it has already strained) -do not be the yuan as a currency of world significance, regional- yes, but it’s hardly worth counting on anything more.

and here it is .. before they lived without a dollar? they lived ... they won’t leave at all, but they will be very much squeezed ... until the United States falls apart

[Monster_Fat]

The problem of the ruble and the yuan is in their so-called "liquidity". The fact is that banks keep their assets in that currency and those resources that are most liquid, that is, they are in demand on the international market, on the one hand, and on the other, they can be quickly sold, or bought, or exchanged. Unfortunately, the yuan, and even more so the ruble, do not have such liquidity, for many reasons. Even in spite of the "support" of powerful economies. And why? Yes, because it is paper in any way and in the event of any conflict it will turn into "paper" that no one will fucking need. What has a real price and what can be traded for even under the blockade and sanctions are precious metals and rare raw materials - rare earth metals, etc. However, under "normal" conditions, these precious and rare earth metals have lower liquidity than the currency and etc. their advantages increase only in conditions of wars, crises, etc. The entire world economy is "inflated" that is, it is backed up only by paper wrappers and virtual money, which have a price until everyone has agreed to accept and exchange them. However, God forbid, war or some other serious crisis garbage, and kapets, all "inflated" money will not be needed by anyone and "good old" gold will take over.

[La-5]

You look at statistics on gold reserves in countries, recently that Russia, that China are increasing their gold volumes. There are no fools in the Central Bank, too, and they ceaselessly understand that the dollar is just paper.

[La-5]

Two years ago, I told all my friends - exchange dollars for yuyan.

[umka_]

Let's wait ... the dolar does not have long to live.

[screw cutter]

“We are traditionally weak in electronics. In military electronics, even more so (what do you think we flew into space so often in the 80s and 90s? Equipment was covered on satellites and tracking stations).
There are already factories near Tver, Moscow and Novosibirsk. Now engineers and scientists are working out ..... "
Yeah, you tell Zhorez Alferov what kind of backward electronics we had. Electronics we had no worse and not in vain after the collapse of the alliance of our engineers and programmers, Western corporations were buying up in batches, Silicon Valley is 80% filled with immigrants from the USSR. Technology and an organizational approach, when it was necessary to support highly intellectual production in friendly union republics, for example: the Armenian plant for the production of microcircuits, and so the products of this enterprise, because of the characteristic emblem and 90% of the marriage, were called "smoke from the grave" .And so for information, at the hadron collider there is a 40 Gpixel photo installation made in Russia.

[Kostya pedestrian]

Well, right!
I look, this dollar is blackened. Negroed him! The rap depreciated the dollar; when everyone whips rap, and into millionaires. Just voodoo.

Instead of paying a man a favor, which is not like the "now killed two helicopters of the marines" who smacked (?) The valuable witness / suspect Bin Laden 25 lemons, but the one who shows the customers. Subcontractors are what - kamikaze! And the customers are rich and well-fed, and there is something to take!

Koreche, springs! Lowered douches (in Belarusian, blakit means blue, but not in the sense of "Blue berets". What else can you call those who were "lowered" in the center of Boston, and they pay contracts for them? Instead of helping to close the Japs again for a couple another days.

Don't believe me? Watch "NTV Multlichnosti" 15.04.2012/9/2001. And then, using the rights that do not respect the rights of civilian private citizens, but for some reason do not affect the real customers of the murders of civilians caused by the massacre on September 380, 6. So, ask at XNUMX Docklands Melbourne Siemens Level XNUMX, who has a duck quack phone there? Maybe they paid for the Boston bombing.

In the meantime, the dollar, in fact, is becoming a gimmick? How is it in the Godless Lane? Will the war write everything off? And Anoin, have they taken into account?

[Kostya pedestrian]

This is how ena is written if the keyboard is not switched: tyf
And here is what the Internet gives out:

"TYF Adventure Blue Mile raises £ 300 for WWF"

[Kostya pedestrian]

Why is it a little minus, huh? Write it down in the White Guards.

And honestly, if my "chatter" does not meet the high standards of the Great and mighty Russian language. So here our language will help me: "to live with wolves, you need to know everything about them."

So we do not have the free Royal State of Victoria, but some kind of zone. Judging by which streets skyscrapers broke in New York, and what reports about UFOs, the yellow press in the late 80s loaded consciousness, it could be assumed that zone 51.

But in fact, there is a simple criminality, such as our Butyrka, where the authorities of the criminal world kept the gathering, under the guise of garbage.

How can I get along with those who, for example, paid for a metro explosion in Minsk?

I am of such springs, if I don’t tackle it under the keys, the authority of Zhukov from the brigade will drive me. And to go to the Latvian, in the same place the Dutch alone - lost souls without a shadow !?

If Muscovites are happy to pay tribute to the omitted, then your hut is your right.

I am Belarusian. Our right is the Law! Drive these freaks from the Window and from thieves to where their place is. Let the drug dealers fulfill the plan.

So take the Minsk subway explosion, then see the "sights" around Oldie's Highpoint in Melbourne. Then study the card at 3306 N Main St
High Point, NC, NC 27265 USA, and you will understand whose main is Kampf (Ora). By the way, I'm not going to throw my two stars, because the barrel of our tank will break through any white Audi. Although niggas have Mazda ... tactical retreat.


They heard the legend that the Circe turned the Army into pigs. So there is a picture where she heals a knee. So niggas must have decided that they are the smartest. Za-ali Detroit and Chicago with Los Angeles, and thought that now, with the support of Jap, for them the whole world is open!

So in the T-34 as well as the IS-2 - This is the Legend. And the IS-3 is both the rate of fire and maneuverability. All that Naydenov’s tankers dreamed of. It is only right for the Garden to be set. As the lieutenant Rzhevsky said, fighting against Napoleon ...?

- And now the Habsburg! I said Habsburg! Garzons in Tsars mark?

And we, let's take the nerves off!

Gm d gm
Irkutsk tract to the east
Gm Fm G7 Cm
And once along this path
Cm gm eb
ZIS car, loaded with gasoline
Cm d gm
I decided to bypass the "one hundred and thirtieth".

And "one hundred and thirtieth" was loaded with a shell,
The girl-driver drove the car.
Do not press the gas, do not burn gas in vain
Stronger in "one hundred and thirtieth" motor.

And so they rushed to the bend,
Without daring to give way to each other.
And along the edges - cliffs and swamps,
And the arrow is already on the "sotochka".

[project sity]

It’s fun to read)) The ruble is slowly getting on the pedestal and crowding out the dollar ($). It's time to bury or put it on toilet paper!

[zvereok]

Like Yuan, not the Ruble.

[LCA]

Likbez on the foundations of the economy.

In public economic science, in addition to the absence of managerially significant concepts characterizing production and consumption in their natural form (spectra of demographically determined and degradation-parasitic needs), there are also a number of managerially significant concepts characterizing the credit and financial system itself and its relationship with product exchange as such.

Actually, this circumstance makes economic theories metrologically untenable and, as a consequence, unsuitable for solving economic problems of the macro level with “ordered”, promised and guaranteed results in advance.

The initial concept that ensures the metrological consistency of economic theories for the owners is the concept of: an invariant of the price list.

The invariant of the price list was originally characterized by the fact that in the exchange trading system, when products are exchanged for each other according to the two-way scheme “T1 - D - T2”, one product is allocated among the goods of the monetary group, which:

-firstly, - a full-fledged participant in the natural exchange of exchange products due to the fact that it has some other types of utility besides the fact that it constantly performs the function of an intermediary product in the two-way scheme “T1 - D - T2”;

-secondly, in its quantity the prices of all other products on the market are universally expressed in all exchange-product exchange transactions (as a result of this circumstance, the unit price of the invariant product itself, expressed in the quantity of the invariant, is always one, which gives the name “price list invariant” ";

in other words, an invariant for an invariant is always exchanged in the proportion 1: 1).

In the era of barter trading in ancient times, as the laws of the Babylonian king Hammurabi testify, society, recognizing the equal rights of payments in grain and gold, thereby recognized them as two invariants of the price list.

Later, in the crowd-“elitist” society, the ruling “elite”, on the basis of its degradation-parasitic needs, refused the grain the right to be an invariant of the price list, and civilization lived for a long time under the golden invariant.

[LCA]

After the previous invariant of the price list (gold) and means of payment (numbers on credit and bank paper and non-cash - on accounts expressing nominal solvency) were divided and ceased to be the same money, public economic theories lost their metrological viability, and as a result disappeared the possibility of an unambiguous comparison of the financial indicators of production and consumer systems with the spectra of production and consumption in their natural expression.

Without the ability to unambiguously compare indicators of different dates and different regions, neither analysis, nor forecasting, nor modeling, nor planning, nor economic management at the macro and micro levels is possible. As a result of this, all economic science is concerned only with one thing - how to sell oneself, and its calculations and recommendations, if not directly harmful, are useless and not interesting to anyone except the economic party.

However, the price list invariant, being a measure of the prices of all other goods, in the general case is not a base that determines the levels of all other prices (as gold wants to do now), including exchange rates (their relative prices) of different states.

Therefore, today, all proposals to revive the gold standard stem from a deep misunderstanding of the conditionality of the distribution possibilities of products by their production.
The "corpse galvanization" of the gold standard and even the resumption of gold circulation are useless for the growth of economic welfare.

The price list base is a small group of goods, each of which has the following property:

a significant rise in prices for a short time causes a significant increase in the cost of production of the vast majority of other goods.

Accordingly, in order to ensure comparability of economic calculations, economic analyzes and forecasts, planning socio-economic development over long time intervals, one should choose the price list invariant belonging to its base throughout the entire period under consideration.

The energy base of the price list has invariably existed throughout the history of civilization, although it varies in the composition of its energy carriers and the specific gravity of each of them in the production activity of society.

And the whole history of the current global civilization can be divided into two eras:

- until the middle of the XIX century - the era of production mainly on the basis of the predominance of biogenic energy, the source of which is plant photosynthesis (as a result of which the productivity of natural flora and crop production underlies welfare);
- from the beginning of the twentieth century - the era of production mainly on the basis of the predominance of technogenic energy.

Since the second half of the twentieth century, the best invariant of the price lists of the domestic market of scientific and technical developed countries and the price list of the global market has been kilowatt-hours of electricity consumption, since:
- the vast majority of business entities are consumers of electricity;
tariffs for electricity are included in the energy base of the price list.

[MSA]

The dollar went backwards.

[LCA]

The “Gold Standard” is a system for exchanging paper and non-cash money (numbers on accounts) for gold at the fixed rate “numbers = amount of gold”.

Intersectoral product exchange is determined by the production culture (technologies, technological discipline, standards) and the NUMBER of ENERGY (biogenic and technogenic) involved in production processes. If technological progress is neglected, then the basis of all pricing in society is its energy potential.

This leads to the concept of the energy standard of security of means of payment: that is, “numbers in the accounting system = share of the power of power plants”.

However, the design of the energy standard de jure leads to a clear understanding (based on the equations of the interindustry balance) that usurious lending is undeniably an encroachment of a handful of money-lenders who, from generation to generation, produce nothing but the poverty that surrounds them, over the entire energy potential of society; and as a result, implicit usurious slavery becomes apparent.

Dual moral standards of the Bible: at the level of consciousness for the crowd (working "cattle") - the commandment of Moses - do not steal; at the subconscious level for a crowd of “God-chosen” Jews through the doctrine of “Deuteronomy - Isaiah” - steal everything, but gently and culturally through the legalized loan interest; and for the inter-regional "elite", but already at the level of consciousness, do what you want, all the others are working to satisfy your whims and needs.

The best invariant of our days and the foreseeable future is precisely a kilowatt-hour of electricity consumption, and not “a ton of standard fuel” (and even more so “gold”) because “a ton of standard fuel” is an abstraction generated in a futile attempt to find a basis for comparing economic results calculations and analysis of economic activity if you do not want to abandon the legacy of public economic science.

The “kilowatt-hour of energy consumption” remains the same regardless of which spectrum of primary energy carriers underlies its production, and how this spectrum changes as a result of scientific and technological progress.

Based on the choice of a constant kilowatt-hour of energy consumption as an invariant of the price list belonging to its energy base, long-term production planning according to a demographically determined spectrum of needs can be carried out in the form of modeling and optimization of distribution options in the continuity of production energy consumption cycles between specialized industries that produce products and services.

[LCA]

About how the global production and consumer system functions since the second half of the twentieth century.

By default, two energy supply standards correspond to each of the currency units participating in world trade:
- in relation to the global level of energy consumption and
- in relation to the actual state level of energy consumption.

The state - the issuer of the monetary unit acting as global money, in order to maintain the stability of the functioning of the global economy of mankind is obliged:

- bear a global level of responsibility and take care of the well-being not only of their own oligarchy, but also of the common people in all regions of the world;
-ono is obliged to maintain the energy standard of security of its monetary unit in relation to the global level of energy consumption.

This leads to the question of how the United States, as the issuer of the dollar, which assumed the role of global money after the end of the second world war of the twentieth century, meets these qualities?

The answer will be simple: they will not answer in the least.

Nowadays, the basis of world energy, which determines production in all regions, is oil and gas, mostly supplied by oil exporting countries (OPEC); and global money is the US dollar. This means that the United States, in order for the world economy to develop steadily for a long time, is obliged to maintain the energy standard of its dollar security in relation primarily to the level of oil production by OPEC countries.

However, they have repeatedly stated that they print "dollars faster than the Arabs produce oil." The reason for this is that with the functioning of the dollar as global money, the United States can maintain a higher consumer status for its common people by robbing the outside world rather than maintaining an energy standard on a global scale.

This allows us to smooth out interclass contradictions in the United States and creates the illusion of general well-being, which naturally does not cause a desire to reorganize our own social organization in the direction of ensuring truly free personal development.

However, with such violations of the energy standard for the security of the dollar in relation to the global level of energy consumption, it is even more violated in relation to the state level of primary energy production.

[LCA]

The question is, what can cause the collapse of a state currency unit that has long existed steadily as global money?

Answer:
Dollar emissions, outstripping global energy production, translate into lower purchasing power of dollar savings, including outside the United States.

If a state monetary unit appears that lags behind the current global money for a long time in the loss of purchasing power, then it is doomed to become global money over time ... if the state does not interfere with its issuer, as Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Gorbachev and all succeeding each prevented such a transformation of the ruble a friend of the Yeltsin team.

In the case of the US dollar, as at the regional level of consideration, the situation is aggravated by the fact that the global dollar turnover is accompanied by interest-bearing lending, which is also ahead of the rate of issue of the dollar, since private banks forming a global usurious corporation, united by common “rules of the game”, in this way provide their superiority over all other potential buyers of anything and everything; those. maintain their ability to pay a monopolistically high price for everything.

That is, the prospects for the dollar are not joyful. And today, everyone can feel the pressure of a global financial-usurious stranglehold, reinforced by the violation of energy standards of national and "world" currencies, on their own neck.

The dollar - as global money - could be saved even now:

-the refusal of the United States to lend at interest rates both globally and within the United States;
- maintaining the energy standard of the dollar security at the current level with the subsequent increase in its purchasing power.

But the US oligarchs and the “average American” are not ready for such moral and ethical measures, for which they will be punished by the global economy and global politics that are outside their power: the process has begun.

[Monster_Fat]

"Many letters" at zero result. All these "energy", "product" and other "standards" as a rule cannot act as a UNIVERSAL "payment" standard due to their "dimensions", the inconvenience of long-term storage, the need for processing and consumption, etc., that is, they cannot be "cumulative", which yavl. the main property of the payment standard. All these "standards" should be tied to a universal "payment" standard anyway. Attempts to find such a payment standard and "untwist" it take place all the time — the notorious "bitcoin" is not an example. However, everyone is well aware of the "pyramid" and "ghostly" nature of such payment units tied to economies. Gold is actually the only universal payment standard due to many factors, both cultural, historical and economic. Gold has unique properties - it is not enough, it is expensive, it is compact, it is stored almost forever, it can be transported and moved to any place, between countries, without fear of canceling its value when any country ceases to exist, etc. Gold remains payment unit regardless of the existence of money or electronic payment systems. Yes, like any payment unit, "equivalent", "standard" gold is subject to fluctuations in the rate of its value, but unlike other "equivalents" of value, it continues to retain its value regardless of borders, political systems, etc. Gold can be taken out, melted down and hidden its origin — which cannot be done with any other payment unit. It is curious how a couple of years ago the French conducted a small experiment - they wanted to check whether gold retains its high exchange properties, as a payment unit among wild tribes - this is to the fact that suddenly humanity is degrading and will return to the primitive system. The French offered gold crafts and jewelry in exchange to one newly discovered primitive tribe in the Amazon. The exchange went very well. In addition, a year later, apparently appreciating the quality of gold jewelry, the natives themselves, when they met, asked for gold in exchange for their goods.

[sub307]

Come on, "break the spears", let's see how "the idea works" in practice.

[waggish]

Russians see that wooden does not become breakfast for the yuan at all, the Han people perfectly remember who robbed the palace of the emperors in the late 19th century !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 111

[Zheka Krasnoyarsk]

The first thing to do is to nationalize the Centro Bank, for today it does not control the government (Nikolai Starikov "Nationalization of the ruble is the way to freedom in RUSSIA."), And then it will be easier.

[CheByrashka]

Quote: Boris55

Quote: mirag2

... Roughly speaking, if we sell gas to Turkey for lira, we can only buy goods for lira in Turkey ...

And if we sell gas to them for RMB, and we will buy for the rescue not in Europe but in China?
The rules of "one-sided game" written by the Anglo-Saxons do not last forever.

And if the Europeans have the urge to buy in Russia and China, then please be kind enough to pay in rubles or RMB. And leave dollars for those countries where the currency is not backed by gold reserves.