Cosmonaut Training Center. Yu.A. Gagarin (photo report)
Now I will write a terrible banal thing: how quickly time flies. More than ten years have passed since the last time I was in Star City. In September, 2003, I took the PADI instructor exam (English Professional Association of Diving Instructors) - professional diving instructors association) and we lived right on the territory for two weeks in a creepy officer hostel. If you stand with your back to the main checkpoint, then to get to the residential town at the first intersection you need to turn left, but this time we turned right. There, behind the gates of another checkpoint, are the corps of the holy saints of our cosmos - the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Yury Gagarin Scientific Research Testing Center for Training Cosmonauts." Or just CPK.
“Who is the cosmonaut? This is an absolutely universal soldier. A person who should be able to do absolutely everything: from repairing a toilet to controlling a spacecraft, from providing medical assistance to conducting scientific experiments. There in orbit, happen that he does not call either the plumber or the doctor. Therefore, regardless of the profession with which he comes to the CPC, everyone can do everything at the exit. True, with entering a detachment, personal life ends: study-training-trips, study-training-trips, and so on indefinitely, no matter if he ever flies into space or not. And this is not the kind of study to which we are accustomed in our universities. They stars for the workout alone can be given "
This is said by Valery Nesmeyanov, a CPK instructor, and also a diving specialist of the Emergencies Ministry, senior instructor-diver of the Russian Navy, Honored Space Technician, fighter pilot MiG-29 and Su-27 with 13-year experience and just MSDT PADI. I will continue to take his direct speech in quotes, because I can hardly say better, and I cannot allow myself to assign such ingenious thoughts.
Given the diversity of training, the entire CPC is divided into several departments. The first is the theoretical module: iron, astronavigation and other applied sciences. The fourth is medical, the fifth is scientific: everything is clear with these.
Sixth is engaged in flight training. The Chkalovsky Aerospace Center is located next to the TsPK, where astronauts are taught to fly on the L-39 light jet aircraft. In addition, the Center’s fleet has Tu-134 and Tu-154, equipped for visual observation and Il-76 MDK, which fly in weightlessness. The aircraft performs the so-called "Kepler parabola": it first flies horizontally at an altitude of six thousand meters. Then with acceleration begins to gain altitude at an angle of 45 degrees. In a curved flight, overloads of up to 2g are applied to all those present on board. This feeling of gravity does not last long - about 15 seconds, while the plane is selected to climb. At an altitude of nine thousand meters, the pilot almost completely removes the thrust of the engines, and the plane continues its flight by inertia. As soon as the force of inertia, which is opposite in direction to the force of force, becomes equal to it in magnitude, then the force of gravity inside the cabin of the aircraft-laboratory becomes zero. Depending on the flight conditions, weightlessness can last 22-28 seconds.
But about the 2-e and 3-e management will now be a separate and traditionally long story. So, the second is the management of space equipment simulators.
Simulator manned spacecraft "Soyuz TMA". The same ship on which they are launched from Baikonur docks to the ISS, and six months later they return to it.
The spacecraft consists of three parts, but only two are presented on this simulator. The third is the instrument-unit compartment and life support systems. It should be at the bottom, where there are steps, but this simulator does not have it, since only habitable compartments are needed for training.
The most interesting is the second compartment, which is also the descent vehicle. It is called "descending" because only he returns to the earth from the whole ship. The instrument-aggregate compartment, which is below, and the domestic compartment, which is above, before entering the dense layers of the atmosphere, are shot and burned to the molecular level, since they do not have thermal protection. By the way, the question of where all these falling off parts of the spacecraft disappear, has tormented me all my life.
Check out the living space for a crew of three.
"All these beautiful spaceships with spacious galleries are fantastic. Moreover, I am sure that this will not happen in the future because it is impossible to provide such a large amount of airspace. When designing habitable vehicles, they proceed from physiological tolerance by a trained man in a closed space for a period of time Increasing the living space even by 1 cc will cause the geometric growth of all the rest of the iron. And to get off the ground - this is generally the most difficult - an incredible energy, and this is the main limitation. I think that when in the future space ships start to build directly at the orbital station so that this monstrous mass is not removed from the ground, they are unlikely to be large because oxygen is oxygen. - do not train, and 21% take out yes put "
For clarity: a photo from the official website of the CPC http://www.gctc.ru. The picture shows the crew consisting of G.Т. Dobrovolskogo, V.I. Patsaeva and V.N. Volkov. 6 June 1970. They opened a new milestone in stories manned space flight, on the Soyuz-11 spacecraft, set off on an expedition to the first long-term orbital station, Salyut. Already 30 June, returning to the ground, the crew died due to the depressurization of the ship.
Once again: three adults in this volume should sleep, eat, go to the toilet and exist in general.
"In the event of a contingency, they have to spend two weeks in this Faberge egg. And we and the women fly. True, mostly imported. We have only one girl in the detachment - Elena Serova and for the first time she will fly into space in September."
This will be the first flight of a Russian female astronaut in more than 15 years. Photo press service CPK.
Two years ago another girl was taken to the squad - Anna Kikina. Just a week ago, she perfectly passed all exams, but, unfortunately, she did not take her astronauts. Psychologists hacked to death.
“Psychological service in the CPC has a decisive word, because flights into space are solid psychology. Moreover, psychology is completely different than on earth, when people have been in one small barrel for months. In the history of our cosmonautics there was a case when the crew was lowered to the ground. Officially, such a mild wording “increased emotionality in the crew” sounded, but in fact they almost hit each other in orbit. They had to be lowered, imagine what kind of money it was, plus disruption of the program, etc. etc. In a word, our psychologists are everything. They accompany all the training and write-write-write. But they do not show anything to anyone, only then they give out a verdict. ”The picture is also from the official site of the CPC.
Kazbek chair. In this sit (or rather lie) astronauts inside the descent vehicle.
“At the moment, everything connected with the concept of manned space flight is an“ inconvenient ”concept. Uncomfortable, inconvenient, uncomfortable. Endure, endure, endure. Not iron for man, but man for iron. A sort of biotransformer that should get used to this iron. This is probably the heroism of this profession. ”
Aluminum frame, inside - a special cradle manufactured by NPO "Star".
"AT the news usually they say "the astronauts made a soft landing." So, there is no soft landing, this is a stamp. In fact, this is a very serious blow to the ground - about like dropping a person flat on the floor from a meter height with his back. To avoid injury, the lodgment is molded to the figure of the astronaut and completely repeats the outlines of his body in the spacesuit. To do this, he sits in a special bath and is poured with plaster. There are a few more measures: for example, a squib, which is cocked before landing in order to absorb the impact, so we did not have any special injuries on landing. So - bruises, abrasions. The main thing is to clench your teeth so that your tongue does not bite off on impact ”.
Specifically, this chair - commander. You can distinguish it by the presence of manual control joysticks.
“The spacecraft has three landing modes. In the automatic descent vehicle, the dense layers of the atmosphere pass along a relatively flat path. There is a small overload. If automatic fails, manual mode is used, it is more abrupt. But as practice has shown, it is almost impossible to switch to manual control - due to overloads there is too little time left. Therefore, immediately after the automatic breakdown occurs in the ballistic mode. This is when the descent vehicle falls like a stone. It is not controlled by anything, and at this point the overload reaches 25 units. Multiply your weight by 25 to represent. In fact, even breathing is impossible, and they have to continue to work, to monitor the devices. Ballistic descents are not so rare. There was a period when they went one by one. In general, what happened in the 2007-2008 year cannot even be described. ”
In the chair I am. Really terribly uncomfortable.
UVNK-64 - universal swiveling reclining chair. Used for vestibular workouts with 1964 as much as 2000 a year. The inscription on the piece of paper says that A. Leonov, G. Shonin, G. Grechko, V. Kubasov and many others practiced on it.
“The danger of space flight has not gone anywhere. At first it was the unknown, then the testing of new technology, and now we have completely different troubles. Constant failures occur that the rockets fall - and so everyone heard. The frequent accidents of our launch vehicles are what we constantly talked about in the nineties-zero. Guys, you have to take care of the working class! At present, the highly skilled working class in the space industry is completely lost. There are no people who can turn a nut the way it should be turned in relation to the standards of space. All the accidents of recent years have been unfinished, missed, they were put in the wrong place, where it was necessary to supply other things, too. ”
“Piloted astronautics is gloss. The cameras are being filmed, everyone is smiling, everything is beautiful. But there everything is the same, sheer failure. And that some serious things are not happening - it is solely the merit of our astronauts, who are fighting for life and death. Until morning I can only tell stories of the last three years. Hollywood is resting before the courage of our guys. "
A total of 4 simulator ship "Soyuz-TMA". Each for training a specific task. But in the pictures - the simulator of exactly that ship, which at the beginning of 70-x was supposed to fly to the moon. The lunar program for the Soviet Union had no practical purpose. No work on the satellite's surface was out of the question at that time, it is only a matter of prestige. And once the Americans were ahead of us, it lost all meaning and was curtailed.
Alexey Arkhipovich Leonov is still swearing, since it was he who was supposed to fly. And he could fly, and everything was ready. I personally was the first who went to the moon suit. Right here, in the lab, the lunar surface and 1 / 6 gravity were simulated. When I went to it, I immediately realized that the Americans were really there. [The fact is that in a certain period of time there were strong doubts that Armstrong did indeed walk on the Moon, and newsreel footage was a skillful editing]. It is absolutely impossible to walk in it directly, and if they had not been there, they would never have been able to figure it out. Americans pierced that they love a beautiful picture. Therefore, many photographs and shootings were made in the studio - then there were no such technical means to get such a beautiful picture from space. But the newsreel of the first flight to the moon is real. ”
The third management - all types of extreme training. All means everyone. I'll try to at least list them.
Special parachute training. The prefix "special" implies that there are not just "building some formations", but solving problems in free fall. He jumped, lay down on the stream, removed the problem book from his hand (you can't touch him before the jump), read the assignment, decided, through the microphone built into the helmet, spoke the answer, stabilized, opened.
Department of survival in all climates and geographic locations. I repeat, everyone is everyone. Everyone knows that Leonov was the first man to go into outer space, but not everyone knows that the landing of his crew was an emergency one. All systems refused, they fell in Siberia, and it was winter. Found them only after a day, and evacuated after two. After that, it became clear that crews must be able to survive EVERYWHERE - from the Arctic Circle to the center of the Sahara. Therefore, no roulette, as in the school exam, where you can get a "happy" ticket. EVERY crew passes survival in EVERY climate zone. They are thrown into spacesuits, and with them only that would fly from space. After that, the test team goes to 2,5 days, and observes through binoculars. The only reason for removing the crew from a workout is the temperature below 55 degrees and the wind strength is more than 21 m / s. If the street is only minus 50 and blows at a speed of 15 m / s - and this, for a moment, a gale wind - “let's chaps, survive.” Just one tiny example: water supply - 6 l per person.
“The rest is what you get. This is the price of the flight. ”
Finally, the department of extreme training is a unique, the only unit in the world - a centrifuge. I will sign once again in my ignorance: until recently, I thought it looked like that.
This souvenir stands near one of the monitors. But in reality the centrifuge is here:
More precisely, it is not the whole centrifuge, but only its rotating part. Under the ground is still a whole "aircraft carrier", which ensures its operation. It is unique in that it is the only one in the world that allows you to drastically change the direction of movement and, accordingly, the vector of overloads. Because of this, the Formula 1 racer Mika Hakkinen came here recently. He was programmed track in Monaco. The fact is that the pilots F1 during the race at the time of cornering the same thing happens. They say the Finn was satisfied. In principle, everyone can test themselves in the absence of medical contraindications. Issue price - 45 thousand rubles for 3 minutes.
In addition to the space chair, the seat of the fighter pilots is also because they are being examined here. MiG-29 and Su-27 are the first fighters whose overload limits are not on the gland, but on the person. True, comparing the overload of pilots and astronauts is incorrect. They are different. Pilots have a main head-pelvis vector, and astronauts have chest-back, as they fall down. The second is carried more easily, on the other hand the astronauts fall longer.
During the start-landing overload reach 4-5 units within about 5 minutes. In principle, this is not much - a normally trained person tolerates it calmly. But it is in normal mode, and there are still non-standard ones. Above wrote that during a ballistic descent overload reach 25G. Pilots lead the seven.
In general, the maximum value of overloads, which can provide a design - 30.
A little more numbers. Weight only rotating parts - 315 tons. Cabin - 15 tons.
“Speed of rotation - 270 km / h. That is, this mace with a 15-ton tip is worn here as a fan. Can you imagine what balancing is needed? Hundreds of tons of iron work like a Swiss watch. I am still surprised myself. ”
The simulator was created at the end of 70-x. The Soviet Union then had the technology of building nuclear submarines, there were spaceships, and there was no technology for creating such a thing. Therefore, according to the technical specifications of the USSR, it was built in Sweden. Now the Swedes have nothing to do with service, but they still call in with friendly visits, because they are so proud of such a thing in their resume.
It is the largest and most powerful centrifuge in the world. Thanks to the turning mechanism of the cabin, it can even imitate short-term weightlessness. The starting power of the electric motor is 27 MEGAWATT. For comparison, the most powerful train is the 3 megawatt. I personally can hardly understand what it is, but the cable to it is separate. Otherwise, at the start, each time they would cut down the whole neighborhood. Where exactly he comes from, it seems to be kept secret, but everyone assumes that it is directly from Shatura.
“You ask why such an expensive vehicle? Is it possible to use something cheaper for training? As a fighter pilot I will say: it is impossible. One can only learn how to transfer overloads - transfer overloads. Somehow in another way to train the body can not. Moreover, the task is not only to transfer them, but also to carry out the operator activity at this moment — control the aircraft, the spacecraft, etc. The body should turn into an automatic box that doesn’t think how to breathe, how to survive at all, but focuses solely on solving the problem. ”
And finally, one more direction of extreme training is diving activity as a basis for preparing for a spacewalk. It takes place in the Hydrolab, about which there will be a separate post, if you want. Because it's ... it's space!
An ordinary such a wonderful cosmos, which everyone can visit and for a very moderate ... by space standards ... payment. For now envy ...
“Who is the cosmonaut? This is an absolutely universal soldier. A person who should be able to do absolutely everything: from repairing a toilet to controlling a spacecraft, from providing medical assistance to conducting scientific experiments. There in orbit, happen that he does not call either the plumber or the doctor. Therefore, regardless of the profession with which he comes to the CPC, everyone can do everything at the exit. True, with entering a detachment, personal life ends: study-training-trips, study-training-trips, and so on indefinitely, no matter if he ever flies into space or not. And this is not the kind of study to which we are accustomed in our universities. They stars for the workout alone can be given "
This is said by Valery Nesmeyanov, a CPK instructor, and also a diving specialist of the Emergencies Ministry, senior instructor-diver of the Russian Navy, Honored Space Technician, fighter pilot MiG-29 and Su-27 with 13-year experience and just MSDT PADI. I will continue to take his direct speech in quotes, because I can hardly say better, and I cannot allow myself to assign such ingenious thoughts.
Given the diversity of training, the entire CPC is divided into several departments. The first is the theoretical module: iron, astronavigation and other applied sciences. The fourth is medical, the fifth is scientific: everything is clear with these.
Sixth is engaged in flight training. The Chkalovsky Aerospace Center is located next to the TsPK, where astronauts are taught to fly on the L-39 light jet aircraft. In addition, the Center’s fleet has Tu-134 and Tu-154, equipped for visual observation and Il-76 MDK, which fly in weightlessness. The aircraft performs the so-called "Kepler parabola": it first flies horizontally at an altitude of six thousand meters. Then with acceleration begins to gain altitude at an angle of 45 degrees. In a curved flight, overloads of up to 2g are applied to all those present on board. This feeling of gravity does not last long - about 15 seconds, while the plane is selected to climb. At an altitude of nine thousand meters, the pilot almost completely removes the thrust of the engines, and the plane continues its flight by inertia. As soon as the force of inertia, which is opposite in direction to the force of force, becomes equal to it in magnitude, then the force of gravity inside the cabin of the aircraft-laboratory becomes zero. Depending on the flight conditions, weightlessness can last 22-28 seconds.
But about the 2-e and 3-e management will now be a separate and traditionally long story. So, the second is the management of space equipment simulators.
Simulator manned spacecraft "Soyuz TMA". The same ship on which they are launched from Baikonur docks to the ISS, and six months later they return to it.
The spacecraft consists of three parts, but only two are presented on this simulator. The third is the instrument-unit compartment and life support systems. It should be at the bottom, where there are steps, but this simulator does not have it, since only habitable compartments are needed for training.
The most interesting is the second compartment, which is also the descent vehicle. It is called "descending" because only he returns to the earth from the whole ship. The instrument-aggregate compartment, which is below, and the domestic compartment, which is above, before entering the dense layers of the atmosphere, are shot and burned to the molecular level, since they do not have thermal protection. By the way, the question of where all these falling off parts of the spacecraft disappear, has tormented me all my life.
Check out the living space for a crew of three.
"All these beautiful spaceships with spacious galleries are fantastic. Moreover, I am sure that this will not happen in the future because it is impossible to provide such a large amount of airspace. When designing habitable vehicles, they proceed from physiological tolerance by a trained man in a closed space for a period of time Increasing the living space even by 1 cc will cause the geometric growth of all the rest of the iron. And to get off the ground - this is generally the most difficult - an incredible energy, and this is the main limitation. I think that when in the future space ships start to build directly at the orbital station so that this monstrous mass is not removed from the ground, they are unlikely to be large because oxygen is oxygen. - do not train, and 21% take out yes put "
For clarity: a photo from the official website of the CPC http://www.gctc.ru. The picture shows the crew consisting of G.Т. Dobrovolskogo, V.I. Patsaeva and V.N. Volkov. 6 June 1970. They opened a new milestone in stories manned space flight, on the Soyuz-11 spacecraft, set off on an expedition to the first long-term orbital station, Salyut. Already 30 June, returning to the ground, the crew died due to the depressurization of the ship.
Once again: three adults in this volume should sleep, eat, go to the toilet and exist in general.
"In the event of a contingency, they have to spend two weeks in this Faberge egg. And we and the women fly. True, mostly imported. We have only one girl in the detachment - Elena Serova and for the first time she will fly into space in September."
This will be the first flight of a Russian female astronaut in more than 15 years. Photo press service CPK.
Two years ago another girl was taken to the squad - Anna Kikina. Just a week ago, she perfectly passed all exams, but, unfortunately, she did not take her astronauts. Psychologists hacked to death.
“Psychological service in the CPC has a decisive word, because flights into space are solid psychology. Moreover, psychology is completely different than on earth, when people have been in one small barrel for months. In the history of our cosmonautics there was a case when the crew was lowered to the ground. Officially, such a mild wording “increased emotionality in the crew” sounded, but in fact they almost hit each other in orbit. They had to be lowered, imagine what kind of money it was, plus disruption of the program, etc. etc. In a word, our psychologists are everything. They accompany all the training and write-write-write. But they do not show anything to anyone, only then they give out a verdict. ”The picture is also from the official site of the CPC.
Kazbek chair. In this sit (or rather lie) astronauts inside the descent vehicle.
“At the moment, everything connected with the concept of manned space flight is an“ inconvenient ”concept. Uncomfortable, inconvenient, uncomfortable. Endure, endure, endure. Not iron for man, but man for iron. A sort of biotransformer that should get used to this iron. This is probably the heroism of this profession. ”
Aluminum frame, inside - a special cradle manufactured by NPO "Star".
"AT the news usually they say "the astronauts made a soft landing." So, there is no soft landing, this is a stamp. In fact, this is a very serious blow to the ground - about like dropping a person flat on the floor from a meter height with his back. To avoid injury, the lodgment is molded to the figure of the astronaut and completely repeats the outlines of his body in the spacesuit. To do this, he sits in a special bath and is poured with plaster. There are a few more measures: for example, a squib, which is cocked before landing in order to absorb the impact, so we did not have any special injuries on landing. So - bruises, abrasions. The main thing is to clench your teeth so that your tongue does not bite off on impact ”.
Specifically, this chair - commander. You can distinguish it by the presence of manual control joysticks.
“The spacecraft has three landing modes. In the automatic descent vehicle, the dense layers of the atmosphere pass along a relatively flat path. There is a small overload. If automatic fails, manual mode is used, it is more abrupt. But as practice has shown, it is almost impossible to switch to manual control - due to overloads there is too little time left. Therefore, immediately after the automatic breakdown occurs in the ballistic mode. This is when the descent vehicle falls like a stone. It is not controlled by anything, and at this point the overload reaches 25 units. Multiply your weight by 25 to represent. In fact, even breathing is impossible, and they have to continue to work, to monitor the devices. Ballistic descents are not so rare. There was a period when they went one by one. In general, what happened in the 2007-2008 year cannot even be described. ”
In the chair I am. Really terribly uncomfortable.
UVNK-64 - universal swiveling reclining chair. Used for vestibular workouts with 1964 as much as 2000 a year. The inscription on the piece of paper says that A. Leonov, G. Shonin, G. Grechko, V. Kubasov and many others practiced on it.
“The danger of space flight has not gone anywhere. At first it was the unknown, then the testing of new technology, and now we have completely different troubles. Constant failures occur that the rockets fall - and so everyone heard. The frequent accidents of our launch vehicles are what we constantly talked about in the nineties-zero. Guys, you have to take care of the working class! At present, the highly skilled working class in the space industry is completely lost. There are no people who can turn a nut the way it should be turned in relation to the standards of space. All the accidents of recent years have been unfinished, missed, they were put in the wrong place, where it was necessary to supply other things, too. ”
“Piloted astronautics is gloss. The cameras are being filmed, everyone is smiling, everything is beautiful. But there everything is the same, sheer failure. And that some serious things are not happening - it is solely the merit of our astronauts, who are fighting for life and death. Until morning I can only tell stories of the last three years. Hollywood is resting before the courage of our guys. "
A total of 4 simulator ship "Soyuz-TMA". Each for training a specific task. But in the pictures - the simulator of exactly that ship, which at the beginning of 70-x was supposed to fly to the moon. The lunar program for the Soviet Union had no practical purpose. No work on the satellite's surface was out of the question at that time, it is only a matter of prestige. And once the Americans were ahead of us, it lost all meaning and was curtailed.
Alexey Arkhipovich Leonov is still swearing, since it was he who was supposed to fly. And he could fly, and everything was ready. I personally was the first who went to the moon suit. Right here, in the lab, the lunar surface and 1 / 6 gravity were simulated. When I went to it, I immediately realized that the Americans were really there. [The fact is that in a certain period of time there were strong doubts that Armstrong did indeed walk on the Moon, and newsreel footage was a skillful editing]. It is absolutely impossible to walk in it directly, and if they had not been there, they would never have been able to figure it out. Americans pierced that they love a beautiful picture. Therefore, many photographs and shootings were made in the studio - then there were no such technical means to get such a beautiful picture from space. But the newsreel of the first flight to the moon is real. ”
The third management - all types of extreme training. All means everyone. I'll try to at least list them.
Special parachute training. The prefix "special" implies that there are not just "building some formations", but solving problems in free fall. He jumped, lay down on the stream, removed the problem book from his hand (you can't touch him before the jump), read the assignment, decided, through the microphone built into the helmet, spoke the answer, stabilized, opened.
Department of survival in all climates and geographic locations. I repeat, everyone is everyone. Everyone knows that Leonov was the first man to go into outer space, but not everyone knows that the landing of his crew was an emergency one. All systems refused, they fell in Siberia, and it was winter. Found them only after a day, and evacuated after two. After that, it became clear that crews must be able to survive EVERYWHERE - from the Arctic Circle to the center of the Sahara. Therefore, no roulette, as in the school exam, where you can get a "happy" ticket. EVERY crew passes survival in EVERY climate zone. They are thrown into spacesuits, and with them only that would fly from space. After that, the test team goes to 2,5 days, and observes through binoculars. The only reason for removing the crew from a workout is the temperature below 55 degrees and the wind strength is more than 21 m / s. If the street is only minus 50 and blows at a speed of 15 m / s - and this, for a moment, a gale wind - “let's chaps, survive.” Just one tiny example: water supply - 6 l per person.
“The rest is what you get. This is the price of the flight. ”
Finally, the department of extreme training is a unique, the only unit in the world - a centrifuge. I will sign once again in my ignorance: until recently, I thought it looked like that.
This souvenir stands near one of the monitors. But in reality the centrifuge is here:
More precisely, it is not the whole centrifuge, but only its rotating part. Under the ground is still a whole "aircraft carrier", which ensures its operation. It is unique in that it is the only one in the world that allows you to drastically change the direction of movement and, accordingly, the vector of overloads. Because of this, the Formula 1 racer Mika Hakkinen came here recently. He was programmed track in Monaco. The fact is that the pilots F1 during the race at the time of cornering the same thing happens. They say the Finn was satisfied. In principle, everyone can test themselves in the absence of medical contraindications. Issue price - 45 thousand rubles for 3 minutes.
In addition to the space chair, the seat of the fighter pilots is also because they are being examined here. MiG-29 and Su-27 are the first fighters whose overload limits are not on the gland, but on the person. True, comparing the overload of pilots and astronauts is incorrect. They are different. Pilots have a main head-pelvis vector, and astronauts have chest-back, as they fall down. The second is carried more easily, on the other hand the astronauts fall longer.
During the start-landing overload reach 4-5 units within about 5 minutes. In principle, this is not much - a normally trained person tolerates it calmly. But it is in normal mode, and there are still non-standard ones. Above wrote that during a ballistic descent overload reach 25G. Pilots lead the seven.
In general, the maximum value of overloads, which can provide a design - 30.
A little more numbers. Weight only rotating parts - 315 tons. Cabin - 15 tons.
“Speed of rotation - 270 km / h. That is, this mace with a 15-ton tip is worn here as a fan. Can you imagine what balancing is needed? Hundreds of tons of iron work like a Swiss watch. I am still surprised myself. ”
The simulator was created at the end of 70-x. The Soviet Union then had the technology of building nuclear submarines, there were spaceships, and there was no technology for creating such a thing. Therefore, according to the technical specifications of the USSR, it was built in Sweden. Now the Swedes have nothing to do with service, but they still call in with friendly visits, because they are so proud of such a thing in their resume.
It is the largest and most powerful centrifuge in the world. Thanks to the turning mechanism of the cabin, it can even imitate short-term weightlessness. The starting power of the electric motor is 27 MEGAWATT. For comparison, the most powerful train is the 3 megawatt. I personally can hardly understand what it is, but the cable to it is separate. Otherwise, at the start, each time they would cut down the whole neighborhood. Where exactly he comes from, it seems to be kept secret, but everyone assumes that it is directly from Shatura.
“You ask why such an expensive vehicle? Is it possible to use something cheaper for training? As a fighter pilot I will say: it is impossible. One can only learn how to transfer overloads - transfer overloads. Somehow in another way to train the body can not. Moreover, the task is not only to transfer them, but also to carry out the operator activity at this moment — control the aircraft, the spacecraft, etc. The body should turn into an automatic box that doesn’t think how to breathe, how to survive at all, but focuses solely on solving the problem. ”
And finally, one more direction of extreme training is diving activity as a basis for preparing for a spacewalk. It takes place in the Hydrolab, about which there will be a separate post, if you want. Because it's ... it's space!
An ordinary such a wonderful cosmos, which everyone can visit and for a very moderate ... by space standards ... payment. For now envy ...
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