Interview of the Minister of Industry and Trade of Russia D. Manturov
Our December 4 blog, 2013, reported on an upcoming bmpd interview with Denis Manturov, head of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation, inviting readers to ask their questions to the minister. For reasons beyond our control story the interview lasted for almost half a year, but now we can offer D. Manturov's answers to questions.
Recently, the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation (the Ministry of Industry and Trade) presented its proposals on the development of Russian industry to the President of Russia. If I understand correctly, these proposals are laid down in the draft law “On Industrial Policy in the Russian Federation”. Explain how the new law can help the Russian industry, and what's new in this law?
Current economic realities require the creation of a new breakthrough toolkit of industrial policy. One of such tools should be the law “On Industrial Policy”.
At the end of 2013, the Government of Russia unequivocally defined its position on the need to develop a law on industrial policy, incorporating the draft Federal Law “On Industrial Policy in the Russian Federation” into the legislative activities plan of the Government of the Russian Federation for 2014 (Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 30 2013, No. 2590-r). In accordance with this plan, in May the bill was submitted to the Government of the Russian Federation, in June it will go to the State Duma.
For the preparation of this bill, first by Order of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia No. 10.12.2013 No. 1974, and then by the Decision of the Government Commission of the Russian Federation on legislative activities (meeting minutes 11 March 2014 No. 8), a separate Working Group was formed with representatives of the Chambers of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation interested departments, public organizations whose task is, among other things, to harmonize and consolidate the opinions of all parties.
In developing the draft law, the accumulated experience in the development of federal laws on industrial policy in the State Duma of the Russian Federation, in public organizations in the field of industry, as well as the experience of existing regional laws, was taken into account. In parallel with the work on the document, public discussions and hearings were held, expert opinions gathered. Around the 70 regions sent a positive response to the bill, but there were also numerous critical comments. We have included most of the constructive proposals in the draft law in the process of finalizing it. Thus, he was constantly improved, invariably maintaining his conceptual basis.
The use of the tools outlined in the bill will allow you to accomplish the tasks set by government programs and decrees of the President of Russia from 7 in May 2012, that is, to create a competitive, sustainable, structurally balanced industry in Russia. At the same time, the measures stipulated by the draft law fully comply with the requirements of the WTO.
In modern conditions, important functions of the state in industrial policy are to promote the creation and development of industrial infrastructure, infrastructure to support industrial activity subjects, as well as the creation of conditions for the implementation of industrial activity in the Russian Federation, competitive with the conditions of industrial activity in foreign territories.
This is directly enshrined in the bill, making the emphasis not on the preparation of program and conceptual documents of industrial policy, but on identifying features of the use of existing incentive measures (for example, subsidies), or on establishing new measures not envisaged by current legislation.
In developing the concepts used in the draft law, it was taken into account that the main purpose of introducing a concept into the draft law is not only its use in determining measures to stimulate industrial activity in the draft law, but also the further possibility of using tax privileges in administering subsidies and implementing other measures. state support of industrial entities.
The definition of industrial activity in the bill is given through the types of economic activity in the OKVED relating to mining, manufacturing, production and distribution of electricity, gas, water, with the exception of the production of alcoholic beverages and tobacco products. Thus, the general provisions of the draft law apply not only to the manufacturing industry, but also to the extractive industry.
At the same time, the special provisions of the draft law apply only to manufacturing enterprises, while the support and territorial development of enterprises engaged in the extraction of minerals and the production of electricity and gas is carried out in accordance with other legislative and subordinate acts.
Among the innovations of the draft law, I would point out the Industry Development Funds, created by the Russian Federation together with organizations of industrial activity support infrastructure in order to financially support medium-sized businesses in industry, whose main task is to provide loans to industrial entities subject to conditions competitive with conditions for issuing loans (credits) in territories foreign countries.
In addition, tax holidays (exemption from taxes) for up to 2025 of industrial entities implementing investment projects included in the list approved by the Government of the Russian Federation (new integrated industrial production projects (“green field”), the amount not exceeding the amount of tax concessions to regional investment projects (the Far East and Siberia), as well as the establishment of special tax regimes for industrial management companies (industrial parks, specialized organizations of industrial clusters and residents of industrial (industrial) parks and industrial clusters.
An important tool of the law will be special investment contracts concluded between the Russian Federation represented by an authorized body in the field of industrial policy and investors in order to establish incentive exemptions for investors, subject to the adoption of obligations aimed at the development of industrial production in the Russian Federation (for example, the creation or development of industrial production, which has no analogues produced in the Russian Federation walkie-talkie, the establishment or development of industrial production through the introduction of results of intellectual activity related to the priority areas of science, engineering and technology and critical technologies, the introduction of best available technologies in the industrial production, the creation of high-end jobs, the creation of industrial and social infrastructure).
I also want to point out subsidies for the creation of industrial infrastructure or the development of production, as well as the state information system of industry, which is created to collect information on the state of industrial production and to more effectively apply incentives for industrial activity.
The draft law creates conditions for the territorial development of industry, determining the legal status of industrial parks and industrial clusters, as well as the conditions for applying to the industrial parks and industrial clusters of support measures established by federal law.
How will the adoption of this law affect the actual production?
Most importantly, businesses will get access to cheap long-term loans. That they lack today most of all. Such loans will make it possible to upgrade the production base, and this, in turn, will not only increase the overall production, but also increase labor productivity, because enterprises will have the opportunity to purchase modern equipment and switch to more environmentally friendly and energy-efficient technologies. Due to the growth in production and labor productivity, enterprises will increase profits, increase wages, and be able to attract highly qualified personnel. The whole look of the Russian industry will change.
What has been done to reduce interest rates on loans for industrial enterprises?
As part of the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum (SPIEF), the Ministry of Industry and Trade signed a number of agreements with the heads of regions (these are Leningrad, Kaluga, Kirov, Volgograd and Buryatia regions) and top managers of the largest Russian banks (Bank of Moscow, VTB, Sberbank, Gazprombank, UniCredit Bank, Novikombank and Nomos-Bank).
Trilateral cooperation will contribute to the modernization of existing enterprises and the launch of new high-tech industries. For companies that are interested in the development and modernization of their facilities, we were able to agree on the conditions under which they will have to compensate only about 3% per annum, and the rest will be subsidized by the state. This will help the regions to more actively attract investments and take part in federal budget projects, which is especially important due to the need to ensure full import substitution in the strategic product mix.
Applications for participation in the program have already been filed by 70 enterprises that are applying for state subsidies for loans as part of a competition held by the Ministry of Industry and Trade.
How will Western sanctions affect Russian industry?
No sanctions have been imposed on any branches of the Russian industry. I hope that common sense will prevail, and our foreign partners will refuse unpopular actions that will damage trade relations built over the years.
How can you comment on the rumors about the possible refusal of the Canadian company Magna to participate in a joint project with Avtotor to create a cluster of automotive industries in Kaliningrad?
No official statements on this subject have been reported. But if the information is confirmed, it will just serve as an example of how the political situation affects commercial projects. But this project, in any case, will not suffer, since other suppliers are interested in its implementation.
And what happens to the Canadian Bombardier plans to organize the production of locomotives in Russia?
“Russian Railways” at the moment do not need additional production of locomotives in Russia, the organization of which Bombardier was going to do. This decision has nothing to do with political motives. The volume of production, which today is in Russia, so far fully ensures the investment program of the Russian company.
And what is the fate of the Bombardier project to create, in conjunction with Rostec, a Q400 turboprop aircraft?
There is no policy here, just a commercial rationale. The state corporation once again considered the issue of pricing, since the cost proposed by the Canadian company aviation components is high and may not fit into the initially set parameters of the project. It makes sense to continue it only if the partners agree on mutually beneficial terms.
What is the situation in the shipbuilding industry?
The industry is booming. If to operate with figures, then for 2013 year the volume of industrial output of shipbuilding increased by 6,4%. Last year, civil engineering completed construction and transferred to customers of 79 ships. In addition, the construction of the second nuclear submarine cruiser Borey and the nuclear submarine cruiser Ash was completed.
At what stage is the preparation of the development strategy of the United Shipbuilding Corporation (USC) before 2030?
The USC strategy up to 2030 was developed and approved by the decision of the Board of Directors of 30 in October 2013. As part of the implementation of the strategy, my former deputy Alexei Rakhmanov was appointed the new head of the USC.
Initially, offering Alexey Lvovich as the head of a corporation, the Ministry of Industry and Trade proceeded from his professional qualities as a system leader. For USC, this appointment is a major acquisition. I am proud that the expert from my team will lead this corporation, and I am convinced that with the arrival of such a competent manager in the USC, the operational and production results will noticeably improve as soon as possible.
How will the structure of USC be reorganized as part of the strategy?
When creating the USC, the task of uniting all state assets in shipbuilding was solved. Now we have to restructure the corporation based on the product lifecycle management system.
The strategy determines the prospects for the creation of centers of competence, both military shipbuilding and civil shipbuilding, the development of engineering. The management bodies of the Corporation will be built on a matrix management system. The efforts of the managers of the Corporation will be aimed at reducing the cost and ensuring the sustainability of production.
What is the development model of the North-West Cluster?
The model of development of shipbuilding in the North-West is being worked out on a multivariate basis. The main goal is to preserve and develop the unique research, development and production potential of the shipbuilding industry of the North-West. Here it is planned to develop the production capacity of shipbuilding and the material and technical base of the industry in three shipbuilding zones: St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region, Kaliningrad and the Arkhangelsk Region.
The main production potential of USC and the entire shipbuilding industry in Russia is concentrated in St. Petersburg. The city has such oldest enterprises as the Admiralty Shipyards, the Baltic Shipyard, the Northern Shipyard, the Middle Nevsky Shipbuilding Plant. They historically specialize mainly in manufacturing in the interests of the state defense order (GOZ) and military-technical cooperation (MTC).
How will USC assets develop in the south of Russia?
In southern Russia, the Astrakhan shipyard should become the main base for the repair of the Caspian flotilla. Work is also underway to create the first shipbuilding special economic zone in the Russian Federation on the basis of the Lotos shipyard. It will allow attracting key suppliers of marine equipment and materials, as well as diversification of the main production within the framework of a public-private partnership.
What is the strategy for building ice class ships?
The development of oil and gas fields on the Russian Arctic shelf and the intensification of shipping in the waters of the Northern Sea Route are among the priorities of the state policy in the field of the development of maritime activities up to 2030. The creation of ships and marine technical means for operation in difficult ice conditions is the most relevant direction for domestic civil shipbuilding. There is a large potential portfolio of orders for Arctic navigation vessels and shelf technology - more than 600 units up to 2030 year. At Russian enterprises, it is planned to produce drilling and mining platforms, a wide range of shelf equipment, specialized ice-class vessels for the development of the Arctic, high-tech and specialized vessels.
The Arctic Engineering Center is being formed on the basis of the Krylov Center. Its task is to ensure, on the basis of the localization of advanced technologies, the possibility of implementing turnkey orders and entering the global market in the niche of Arctic shipbuilding.
If we are talking about engineering, then let's move from shipbuilding to aviation. At what stage is the creation of an aviation research center?
Work is actively underway. The draft law on the establishment of the National Research Center (SIC) “Institute named after N.E. Zhukovsky ”supported by the Government, passed the first reading in the State Duma. Its main goal is to consolidate the research, technological and personnel potential of key research centers. Structures similar to the National Research Center established in Russia operate in many industrialized countries: NASA in the USA, ONERA in France, DLR in Germany, CAE in China.
It is worth noting here that this is not about creating a new institute, but about uniting several existing and long-established state aviation research institutes under a single organizational principle, including TsAGI, CIAM, GosNIIAS, SibNIA and GKNIPAS. All these institutions, and especially their employees, are not moving anywhere, no cuts are planned. For the same reason, no additional costs are expected.
Obvious significant role of the state in the development of aviation industry. And can, in principle, the Russian aviation industry survive without state order?
Now, the Russian aviation industry cannot do without state assistance, and the consolidated state order will play a key role. The mechanism is created, ready for use. The main customers are the Ministry of Defense, the Federal Security Service, the Interior Ministry, the Emergencies Ministry, the Federal Customs Service.
I want to add that all the states where there is an aviation industry constantly help its development. In the United States and Europe, where the giants Boeing and Airbus work, this support is carried out through the placement of orders for research and development and flexible financing schemes for transactions, Brazil is actively using the tool of export crediting, in Canada - mechanisms for attracting cheap financing. Such support is especially noticeable when launching new types of aircraft on the market. Similar measures are taking and developing our country. During the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum, meetings were held with representatives of Boeing and Airbus. The companies confirmed their intention to continue working with Russian partners. They will implement both current projects and those planned for the future.
Let me remind you that the Russian corporation VSMPO-AVISMA, which is a part of Rostec, provides 60% of the Airbus needs for titanium and 40% of the requirements for this metal of Boeing. A number of joint projects are being implemented. In addition, NPO Saturn, part of Rostec, manufactures components and repairs to the world's most popular aircraft engine, CFM-56, which is used to equip Boeing 737 and Airbus 320 aircraft. I do not think that the cooperation that has lined up for many years will suffer because of the political situation.
Do you plan to encourage aircraft manufacturers to sell products without government assistance?
Aircraft leasing is already being stimulated in Russia by subsidizing part of the interest rates on loans so that they are competitive with the rates on loans attracted by foreign competitors-lessors. In addition, there is a development of a mechanism for guaranteeing the residual value of aircraft, the introduction of which will make it possible to develop operational leasing of domestic aircraft, and to make leasing and rental rates for airlines more fair. In addition, measures are being developed to support primary sales, as well as return budget financing in accordance with WTO rules.
Will the Russian aviation industry ever be able to achieve profitability without state participation?
Contrary to popular belief, the products of the Russian aviation industry are mainly profitable. First of all, it concerns military aircraft and helicopters. It should be understood that the financial results of companies and corporations are influenced by the large volume of investments associated with the development of promising aircraft equipment, which will help keep and expand the presence of Russian aircraft manufacturers in a number of market segments. This is one of the reasons why sales of civil aircraft require government support.
In this regard, it is interesting, what is the future of the Tu-204CM aircraft program, especially now, after the only serious interest in these aircraft was Red Wings?
To sell a Tu-204CM aircraft, commercial customers require subsidies for both part of the cost of acquiring the aircraft and the transportation itself, and we are considering various options for such support. At the same time, there is a demand from government customers for Tu-204 / 214 family aircraft, which, according to our estimates, will make it possible to manufacture and sell 7 or more aircraft of this type. The exact quantity will be determined as part of the consolidated state order being formed.
Are there criteria for investment projects on small aviation?
In order to determine the parameters of investment projects, we must first determine what we will invest in. For these purposes, in 2013, the Ministry of Industry and Trade held a competition for the implementation of research work (R & D) on the topic “Comprehensive research in the field of creating promising regional and local air transport systems”. The main executor for this work was SibNIA - one of the leading institutions that works in cooperation with other leading research institutes in the industry. As a result of the R & D, a set of technical and technological requirements for promising small aircraft will be determined, as well as the main parameters of a business project for the creation of such aircraft and their launch into production. As soon as they are ready, the results will be transferred to potential manufacturers.
The “Complex research in the field of creating promising regional and local air transport systems” mentioned by me just includes the creation of a new aircraft of 9 / 19 seats. It is about the development of a truly new family of Russian small aircraft. In addition, Rostec State Corporation is now also developing production competence for aircraft of the same dimension.
What are the prospects for composite materials in industry?
In the next 10 years, the share of composites in the production of components in the aircraft industry will increase from 15% to 30%. The most striking example at the moment is considered to be the Boeing 787 Dreamliner: the proportion of ultralight composite materials used in its case reaches 50%. This reduces fuel consumption by about 20% compared to using aluminum materials. The use of composite materials, for example, in the projected Airbus A350 will be even higher - around 53%.
Have you already adopted any specific programs for the introduction of composite materials in the aviation industry of Russia?
For aircraft SSJ100 using composites, all steering surfaces are made, practically all of the keel and stabilizer (metal only caisson), the wing-fuselage fairing, the flap hinge assembly, flaps, radio nose fairing, landing gear flaps. At the same time, studies have shown that, as applied to this machine, because of its dimension, the composite wing will not give advantages.
But for the MS-21 aircraft under construction in Irkutsk, a wing made of composite materials is a central innovation. For the first time in the world in the class of narrow-body aircraft, a composite wing caisson is used - the main power structure. At the same time, all serial composite elements of the MC-21 design, including the caisson, are already produced in Russia. For this, Russian and foreign materials will be used on a parity basis. Thanks to the new wings, the MC-21 fuel efficiency will increase by 6 – 8%. In general, at MS-21, the proportion of composite materials is up to 40% of the total volume of materials. Replacing aluminum alloys with composites makes it possible to reduce the mass of the structure by 10-20% and increase their service life.
How will transport and civil aviation develop?
A contract has already been signed with the Ministry of Defense for the supply of aircraft for transport aviation. The Ministry of Industry and Trade sees the future development of this segment. So, IL-76МД-90А can be supplied to foreign markets, it can be performed in civilian modification to the requests of partners.
As for civil aviation, Tu-2020 and An-204 aircraft will remain in the product line of the United Aircraft Building Corporation (UAC) until 148, the main products will be Superjet (its production should reach 60 machines per year) and MC-21 (plans to achieve the release of 72 aircraft per year).
At 2022-2025, we are planning to launch new projects, among which are the wide-body long-haul aircraft (SHFDMS), which is currently being discussed with Chinese partners. 20 May 2014, in the presence of representatives of Russia and China, a memorandum on this project was signed. The document states that the parties will proceed to the next stage of work, and this summer they will prepare a feasibility study of the project for the governments of both countries.
At what stage is the engine development strategy?
All key engine enterprises are concentrated in the United Engine Corporation (UEC). The Ministry of Industry and Trade, together with colleagues from Rostec Corporation and its member JDC, is completing work on the development strategy of this sub-sector up to 2025. The program includes debt restructuring, financial rehabilitation of the UEC, development of the product line, sales of non-core assets, as well as optimization of production capacity.
What happens to the Russian automotive industry?
In Russia, created a large-scale automotive industry. In 2013, the market for new cars exceeded 2,5 trillion rubles. At the same time, it has the potential to grow both thanks to the growth in the population's automobilization (now 1000 has just 270 cars per person) and due to the renewal of an aging fleet. The average age of passenger cars is 12 years, buses - 15 years, trucks - 19 years. There is no doubt that in the coming 5-10 years, the Russian market will remain among the most promising in the world.
What else is needed for the development of the Russian car industry?
It is necessary to increase the volume of auto components produced in Russia, raw materials and materials. Committed obligations under the industrial assembly agreement must be fulfilled ahead of time. To date, the average level of localization of automotive production of foreign models in Russia is about 45%, and the localization of automotive components does not exceed 20%.
What measures support the automotive industry is planned to use?
The state will continue to promote the growth of demand for cars produced in our country. However, now the focus should be on supporting the commercial vehicle segment. We will use government procurement mechanisms, incentive tools of an environmental nature, and other measures, if necessary.
The support promised to bus and truck manufacturers will be provided. We are talking about compensation to the subjects of the Russian Federation for the costs of acquiring these types of transport, primarily on gas-engine fuel. We also count on an additional amount of state funds for the purchase of freight transport by law enforcement agencies. In addition, the procurement by departments and subjects of the Russian Federation of imported equipment at state expense will be limited.
Minister of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation D.V. Manturov gives an interview to the director of the AST Center R. Pukhov (c) Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation
Recently, the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation (the Ministry of Industry and Trade) presented its proposals on the development of Russian industry to the President of Russia. If I understand correctly, these proposals are laid down in the draft law “On Industrial Policy in the Russian Federation”. Explain how the new law can help the Russian industry, and what's new in this law?
Current economic realities require the creation of a new breakthrough toolkit of industrial policy. One of such tools should be the law “On Industrial Policy”.
At the end of 2013, the Government of Russia unequivocally defined its position on the need to develop a law on industrial policy, incorporating the draft Federal Law “On Industrial Policy in the Russian Federation” into the legislative activities plan of the Government of the Russian Federation for 2014 (Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 30 2013, No. 2590-r). In accordance with this plan, in May the bill was submitted to the Government of the Russian Federation, in June it will go to the State Duma.
For the preparation of this bill, first by Order of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia No. 10.12.2013 No. 1974, and then by the Decision of the Government Commission of the Russian Federation on legislative activities (meeting minutes 11 March 2014 No. 8), a separate Working Group was formed with representatives of the Chambers of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation interested departments, public organizations whose task is, among other things, to harmonize and consolidate the opinions of all parties.
In developing the draft law, the accumulated experience in the development of federal laws on industrial policy in the State Duma of the Russian Federation, in public organizations in the field of industry, as well as the experience of existing regional laws, was taken into account. In parallel with the work on the document, public discussions and hearings were held, expert opinions gathered. Around the 70 regions sent a positive response to the bill, but there were also numerous critical comments. We have included most of the constructive proposals in the draft law in the process of finalizing it. Thus, he was constantly improved, invariably maintaining his conceptual basis.
The use of the tools outlined in the bill will allow you to accomplish the tasks set by government programs and decrees of the President of Russia from 7 in May 2012, that is, to create a competitive, sustainable, structurally balanced industry in Russia. At the same time, the measures stipulated by the draft law fully comply with the requirements of the WTO.
In modern conditions, important functions of the state in industrial policy are to promote the creation and development of industrial infrastructure, infrastructure to support industrial activity subjects, as well as the creation of conditions for the implementation of industrial activity in the Russian Federation, competitive with the conditions of industrial activity in foreign territories.
This is directly enshrined in the bill, making the emphasis not on the preparation of program and conceptual documents of industrial policy, but on identifying features of the use of existing incentive measures (for example, subsidies), or on establishing new measures not envisaged by current legislation.
In developing the concepts used in the draft law, it was taken into account that the main purpose of introducing a concept into the draft law is not only its use in determining measures to stimulate industrial activity in the draft law, but also the further possibility of using tax privileges in administering subsidies and implementing other measures. state support of industrial entities.
The definition of industrial activity in the bill is given through the types of economic activity in the OKVED relating to mining, manufacturing, production and distribution of electricity, gas, water, with the exception of the production of alcoholic beverages and tobacco products. Thus, the general provisions of the draft law apply not only to the manufacturing industry, but also to the extractive industry.
At the same time, the special provisions of the draft law apply only to manufacturing enterprises, while the support and territorial development of enterprises engaged in the extraction of minerals and the production of electricity and gas is carried out in accordance with other legislative and subordinate acts.
Among the innovations of the draft law, I would point out the Industry Development Funds, created by the Russian Federation together with organizations of industrial activity support infrastructure in order to financially support medium-sized businesses in industry, whose main task is to provide loans to industrial entities subject to conditions competitive with conditions for issuing loans (credits) in territories foreign countries.
In addition, tax holidays (exemption from taxes) for up to 2025 of industrial entities implementing investment projects included in the list approved by the Government of the Russian Federation (new integrated industrial production projects (“green field”), the amount not exceeding the amount of tax concessions to regional investment projects (the Far East and Siberia), as well as the establishment of special tax regimes for industrial management companies (industrial parks, specialized organizations of industrial clusters and residents of industrial (industrial) parks and industrial clusters.
An important tool of the law will be special investment contracts concluded between the Russian Federation represented by an authorized body in the field of industrial policy and investors in order to establish incentive exemptions for investors, subject to the adoption of obligations aimed at the development of industrial production in the Russian Federation (for example, the creation or development of industrial production, which has no analogues produced in the Russian Federation walkie-talkie, the establishment or development of industrial production through the introduction of results of intellectual activity related to the priority areas of science, engineering and technology and critical technologies, the introduction of best available technologies in the industrial production, the creation of high-end jobs, the creation of industrial and social infrastructure).
I also want to point out subsidies for the creation of industrial infrastructure or the development of production, as well as the state information system of industry, which is created to collect information on the state of industrial production and to more effectively apply incentives for industrial activity.
The draft law creates conditions for the territorial development of industry, determining the legal status of industrial parks and industrial clusters, as well as the conditions for applying to the industrial parks and industrial clusters of support measures established by federal law.
How will the adoption of this law affect the actual production?
Most importantly, businesses will get access to cheap long-term loans. That they lack today most of all. Such loans will make it possible to upgrade the production base, and this, in turn, will not only increase the overall production, but also increase labor productivity, because enterprises will have the opportunity to purchase modern equipment and switch to more environmentally friendly and energy-efficient technologies. Due to the growth in production and labor productivity, enterprises will increase profits, increase wages, and be able to attract highly qualified personnel. The whole look of the Russian industry will change.
What has been done to reduce interest rates on loans for industrial enterprises?
As part of the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum (SPIEF), the Ministry of Industry and Trade signed a number of agreements with the heads of regions (these are Leningrad, Kaluga, Kirov, Volgograd and Buryatia regions) and top managers of the largest Russian banks (Bank of Moscow, VTB, Sberbank, Gazprombank, UniCredit Bank, Novikombank and Nomos-Bank).
Trilateral cooperation will contribute to the modernization of existing enterprises and the launch of new high-tech industries. For companies that are interested in the development and modernization of their facilities, we were able to agree on the conditions under which they will have to compensate only about 3% per annum, and the rest will be subsidized by the state. This will help the regions to more actively attract investments and take part in federal budget projects, which is especially important due to the need to ensure full import substitution in the strategic product mix.
Applications for participation in the program have already been filed by 70 enterprises that are applying for state subsidies for loans as part of a competition held by the Ministry of Industry and Trade.
How will Western sanctions affect Russian industry?
No sanctions have been imposed on any branches of the Russian industry. I hope that common sense will prevail, and our foreign partners will refuse unpopular actions that will damage trade relations built over the years.
How can you comment on the rumors about the possible refusal of the Canadian company Magna to participate in a joint project with Avtotor to create a cluster of automotive industries in Kaliningrad?
No official statements on this subject have been reported. But if the information is confirmed, it will just serve as an example of how the political situation affects commercial projects. But this project, in any case, will not suffer, since other suppliers are interested in its implementation.
And what happens to the Canadian Bombardier plans to organize the production of locomotives in Russia?
“Russian Railways” at the moment do not need additional production of locomotives in Russia, the organization of which Bombardier was going to do. This decision has nothing to do with political motives. The volume of production, which today is in Russia, so far fully ensures the investment program of the Russian company.
And what is the fate of the Bombardier project to create, in conjunction with Rostec, a Q400 turboprop aircraft?
There is no policy here, just a commercial rationale. The state corporation once again considered the issue of pricing, since the cost proposed by the Canadian company aviation components is high and may not fit into the initially set parameters of the project. It makes sense to continue it only if the partners agree on mutually beneficial terms.
What is the situation in the shipbuilding industry?
The industry is booming. If to operate with figures, then for 2013 year the volume of industrial output of shipbuilding increased by 6,4%. Last year, civil engineering completed construction and transferred to customers of 79 ships. In addition, the construction of the second nuclear submarine cruiser Borey and the nuclear submarine cruiser Ash was completed.
At what stage is the preparation of the development strategy of the United Shipbuilding Corporation (USC) before 2030?
The USC strategy up to 2030 was developed and approved by the decision of the Board of Directors of 30 in October 2013. As part of the implementation of the strategy, my former deputy Alexei Rakhmanov was appointed the new head of the USC.
Initially, offering Alexey Lvovich as the head of a corporation, the Ministry of Industry and Trade proceeded from his professional qualities as a system leader. For USC, this appointment is a major acquisition. I am proud that the expert from my team will lead this corporation, and I am convinced that with the arrival of such a competent manager in the USC, the operational and production results will noticeably improve as soon as possible.
How will the structure of USC be reorganized as part of the strategy?
When creating the USC, the task of uniting all state assets in shipbuilding was solved. Now we have to restructure the corporation based on the product lifecycle management system.
The strategy determines the prospects for the creation of centers of competence, both military shipbuilding and civil shipbuilding, the development of engineering. The management bodies of the Corporation will be built on a matrix management system. The efforts of the managers of the Corporation will be aimed at reducing the cost and ensuring the sustainability of production.
What is the development model of the North-West Cluster?
The model of development of shipbuilding in the North-West is being worked out on a multivariate basis. The main goal is to preserve and develop the unique research, development and production potential of the shipbuilding industry of the North-West. Here it is planned to develop the production capacity of shipbuilding and the material and technical base of the industry in three shipbuilding zones: St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region, Kaliningrad and the Arkhangelsk Region.
The main production potential of USC and the entire shipbuilding industry in Russia is concentrated in St. Petersburg. The city has such oldest enterprises as the Admiralty Shipyards, the Baltic Shipyard, the Northern Shipyard, the Middle Nevsky Shipbuilding Plant. They historically specialize mainly in manufacturing in the interests of the state defense order (GOZ) and military-technical cooperation (MTC).
How will USC assets develop in the south of Russia?
In southern Russia, the Astrakhan shipyard should become the main base for the repair of the Caspian flotilla. Work is also underway to create the first shipbuilding special economic zone in the Russian Federation on the basis of the Lotos shipyard. It will allow attracting key suppliers of marine equipment and materials, as well as diversification of the main production within the framework of a public-private partnership.
What is the strategy for building ice class ships?
The development of oil and gas fields on the Russian Arctic shelf and the intensification of shipping in the waters of the Northern Sea Route are among the priorities of the state policy in the field of the development of maritime activities up to 2030. The creation of ships and marine technical means for operation in difficult ice conditions is the most relevant direction for domestic civil shipbuilding. There is a large potential portfolio of orders for Arctic navigation vessels and shelf technology - more than 600 units up to 2030 year. At Russian enterprises, it is planned to produce drilling and mining platforms, a wide range of shelf equipment, specialized ice-class vessels for the development of the Arctic, high-tech and specialized vessels.
The Arctic Engineering Center is being formed on the basis of the Krylov Center. Its task is to ensure, on the basis of the localization of advanced technologies, the possibility of implementing turnkey orders and entering the global market in the niche of Arctic shipbuilding.
If we are talking about engineering, then let's move from shipbuilding to aviation. At what stage is the creation of an aviation research center?
Work is actively underway. The draft law on the establishment of the National Research Center (SIC) “Institute named after N.E. Zhukovsky ”supported by the Government, passed the first reading in the State Duma. Its main goal is to consolidate the research, technological and personnel potential of key research centers. Structures similar to the National Research Center established in Russia operate in many industrialized countries: NASA in the USA, ONERA in France, DLR in Germany, CAE in China.
It is worth noting here that this is not about creating a new institute, but about uniting several existing and long-established state aviation research institutes under a single organizational principle, including TsAGI, CIAM, GosNIIAS, SibNIA and GKNIPAS. All these institutions, and especially their employees, are not moving anywhere, no cuts are planned. For the same reason, no additional costs are expected.
Obvious significant role of the state in the development of aviation industry. And can, in principle, the Russian aviation industry survive without state order?
Now, the Russian aviation industry cannot do without state assistance, and the consolidated state order will play a key role. The mechanism is created, ready for use. The main customers are the Ministry of Defense, the Federal Security Service, the Interior Ministry, the Emergencies Ministry, the Federal Customs Service.
I want to add that all the states where there is an aviation industry constantly help its development. In the United States and Europe, where the giants Boeing and Airbus work, this support is carried out through the placement of orders for research and development and flexible financing schemes for transactions, Brazil is actively using the tool of export crediting, in Canada - mechanisms for attracting cheap financing. Such support is especially noticeable when launching new types of aircraft on the market. Similar measures are taking and developing our country. During the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum, meetings were held with representatives of Boeing and Airbus. The companies confirmed their intention to continue working with Russian partners. They will implement both current projects and those planned for the future.
Let me remind you that the Russian corporation VSMPO-AVISMA, which is a part of Rostec, provides 60% of the Airbus needs for titanium and 40% of the requirements for this metal of Boeing. A number of joint projects are being implemented. In addition, NPO Saturn, part of Rostec, manufactures components and repairs to the world's most popular aircraft engine, CFM-56, which is used to equip Boeing 737 and Airbus 320 aircraft. I do not think that the cooperation that has lined up for many years will suffer because of the political situation.
Do you plan to encourage aircraft manufacturers to sell products without government assistance?
Aircraft leasing is already being stimulated in Russia by subsidizing part of the interest rates on loans so that they are competitive with the rates on loans attracted by foreign competitors-lessors. In addition, there is a development of a mechanism for guaranteeing the residual value of aircraft, the introduction of which will make it possible to develop operational leasing of domestic aircraft, and to make leasing and rental rates for airlines more fair. In addition, measures are being developed to support primary sales, as well as return budget financing in accordance with WTO rules.
Will the Russian aviation industry ever be able to achieve profitability without state participation?
Contrary to popular belief, the products of the Russian aviation industry are mainly profitable. First of all, it concerns military aircraft and helicopters. It should be understood that the financial results of companies and corporations are influenced by the large volume of investments associated with the development of promising aircraft equipment, which will help keep and expand the presence of Russian aircraft manufacturers in a number of market segments. This is one of the reasons why sales of civil aircraft require government support.
In this regard, it is interesting, what is the future of the Tu-204CM aircraft program, especially now, after the only serious interest in these aircraft was Red Wings?
To sell a Tu-204CM aircraft, commercial customers require subsidies for both part of the cost of acquiring the aircraft and the transportation itself, and we are considering various options for such support. At the same time, there is a demand from government customers for Tu-204 / 214 family aircraft, which, according to our estimates, will make it possible to manufacture and sell 7 or more aircraft of this type. The exact quantity will be determined as part of the consolidated state order being formed.
Are there criteria for investment projects on small aviation?
In order to determine the parameters of investment projects, we must first determine what we will invest in. For these purposes, in 2013, the Ministry of Industry and Trade held a competition for the implementation of research work (R & D) on the topic “Comprehensive research in the field of creating promising regional and local air transport systems”. The main executor for this work was SibNIA - one of the leading institutions that works in cooperation with other leading research institutes in the industry. As a result of the R & D, a set of technical and technological requirements for promising small aircraft will be determined, as well as the main parameters of a business project for the creation of such aircraft and their launch into production. As soon as they are ready, the results will be transferred to potential manufacturers.
The “Complex research in the field of creating promising regional and local air transport systems” mentioned by me just includes the creation of a new aircraft of 9 / 19 seats. It is about the development of a truly new family of Russian small aircraft. In addition, Rostec State Corporation is now also developing production competence for aircraft of the same dimension.
What are the prospects for composite materials in industry?
In the next 10 years, the share of composites in the production of components in the aircraft industry will increase from 15% to 30%. The most striking example at the moment is considered to be the Boeing 787 Dreamliner: the proportion of ultralight composite materials used in its case reaches 50%. This reduces fuel consumption by about 20% compared to using aluminum materials. The use of composite materials, for example, in the projected Airbus A350 will be even higher - around 53%.
Have you already adopted any specific programs for the introduction of composite materials in the aviation industry of Russia?
For aircraft SSJ100 using composites, all steering surfaces are made, practically all of the keel and stabilizer (metal only caisson), the wing-fuselage fairing, the flap hinge assembly, flaps, radio nose fairing, landing gear flaps. At the same time, studies have shown that, as applied to this machine, because of its dimension, the composite wing will not give advantages.
But for the MS-21 aircraft under construction in Irkutsk, a wing made of composite materials is a central innovation. For the first time in the world in the class of narrow-body aircraft, a composite wing caisson is used - the main power structure. At the same time, all serial composite elements of the MC-21 design, including the caisson, are already produced in Russia. For this, Russian and foreign materials will be used on a parity basis. Thanks to the new wings, the MC-21 fuel efficiency will increase by 6 – 8%. In general, at MS-21, the proportion of composite materials is up to 40% of the total volume of materials. Replacing aluminum alloys with composites makes it possible to reduce the mass of the structure by 10-20% and increase their service life.
How will transport and civil aviation develop?
A contract has already been signed with the Ministry of Defense for the supply of aircraft for transport aviation. The Ministry of Industry and Trade sees the future development of this segment. So, IL-76МД-90А can be supplied to foreign markets, it can be performed in civilian modification to the requests of partners.
As for civil aviation, Tu-2020 and An-204 aircraft will remain in the product line of the United Aircraft Building Corporation (UAC) until 148, the main products will be Superjet (its production should reach 60 machines per year) and MC-21 (plans to achieve the release of 72 aircraft per year).
At 2022-2025, we are planning to launch new projects, among which are the wide-body long-haul aircraft (SHFDMS), which is currently being discussed with Chinese partners. 20 May 2014, in the presence of representatives of Russia and China, a memorandum on this project was signed. The document states that the parties will proceed to the next stage of work, and this summer they will prepare a feasibility study of the project for the governments of both countries.
At what stage is the engine development strategy?
All key engine enterprises are concentrated in the United Engine Corporation (UEC). The Ministry of Industry and Trade, together with colleagues from Rostec Corporation and its member JDC, is completing work on the development strategy of this sub-sector up to 2025. The program includes debt restructuring, financial rehabilitation of the UEC, development of the product line, sales of non-core assets, as well as optimization of production capacity.
What happens to the Russian automotive industry?
In Russia, created a large-scale automotive industry. In 2013, the market for new cars exceeded 2,5 trillion rubles. At the same time, it has the potential to grow both thanks to the growth in the population's automobilization (now 1000 has just 270 cars per person) and due to the renewal of an aging fleet. The average age of passenger cars is 12 years, buses - 15 years, trucks - 19 years. There is no doubt that in the coming 5-10 years, the Russian market will remain among the most promising in the world.
What else is needed for the development of the Russian car industry?
It is necessary to increase the volume of auto components produced in Russia, raw materials and materials. Committed obligations under the industrial assembly agreement must be fulfilled ahead of time. To date, the average level of localization of automotive production of foreign models in Russia is about 45%, and the localization of automotive components does not exceed 20%.
What measures support the automotive industry is planned to use?
The state will continue to promote the growth of demand for cars produced in our country. However, now the focus should be on supporting the commercial vehicle segment. We will use government procurement mechanisms, incentive tools of an environmental nature, and other measures, if necessary.
The support promised to bus and truck manufacturers will be provided. We are talking about compensation to the subjects of the Russian Federation for the costs of acquiring these types of transport, primarily on gas-engine fuel. We also count on an additional amount of state funds for the purchase of freight transport by law enforcement agencies. In addition, the procurement by departments and subjects of the Russian Federation of imported equipment at state expense will be limited.
Information