Did Russians start returning to Chechnya?

9 2011 June 4

This discovery was made during the trip to the republic by the head of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation, Sergei Stepashin.

The Russians began to return to Chechnya. However, so far we are talking about a few thousands: these immigrants are a drop in the ocean compared with the hundreds of thousands who fled from this republic in due time. The head of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation, Sergei Stepashin, whose office conducted a regular check in Chechnya, found out during his expedition trip to the republic.

Together with Stepashin, Alexander Gamov, a correspondent of Komsomolskaya Pravda, traveled to the republic, whose story about what was left “behind the scenes” of the official reports on Stepashin’s visit, was published today.

Kadyrov: "I am Russian-speaking people personally agitate to come back"

“We looked at the Naursky region, where Russian, Russian-speaking people traditionally lived, people are returning from Stavropol region, from other regions,” Stepashin said, leaving the helicopter, which flew around this area of Chechnya. - Women came to us. And, you know, there is no such doom, anger ... Ramzan Kadyrov is appreciated there.
Kadyrov, who at this moment fitted the car to the helicopter in order to personally carry on him the head of the Accounts Chamber in Grozny, specifies:
- Or pretend to appreciate. Maybe pretend as well?
- Why should they lie to me? - said Stepashin. - Why should I? Although there are problems with housing.
“Of the 53, the 000 population in the area is already 2500 Russian,” Kadyrov says with a fair amount of pride. - But, to be honest, they are returning less than we would like. But we are working. This is my sub-region: I myself often go there, and the Russian-speaking, when I am in other Russian regions, I personally agitate to come back.
At this moment the voice from the radio is heard: “The Terrible is speaking! Construction materials were brought to the village of Novoterskoye, Naursky District, where restoration work is continuing. A cleanup was organized. The removal of construction debris has begun, the streets are being cleaned from weeds and shrubs. The road workers started to pave the main street ”.
- Stir there, - says Stepashin with satisfaction. And he goes along with Kadyrov (who himself drives a car) on a trip through the Chechen capital.
- Where are we going? - surprised Stepashin. - Something I do not recognize the Terrible.
- It used to be the sixth district. "Gadyushnik" was called by the people. And always at all times there lived ... Well, sucks - you know? The militants were hiding ...
Stepashin: - I remember barracks, barracks ... Militants.
Kadyrov: - Yes ... We demolished them, completely built up new houses here, and a half to two times, if anyone wants to buy, housing prices have risen. And who is in dire need, we give apartments for free.
Kadyrov slows down near the park area in the center of Grozny. Stepashin out of the car.
Kadyrov: - The arch is beautiful, we are changing the sidewalk - this old one already. It should be more beautiful, newer ... And we'll also put up a bridge - there will be fountains there!
Stepashin: - Hmm ...
Kadyrov: - There is no such bridge in Russia yet. And there will be waterfalls too. And ice cream. And so that the place was where to go to the toilet.
Stepashin (suspiciously): - Is this all about budget money?
Kadyrov: - Nope! (Enthusiastically.) We will build a concert hall with good acoustics - as in England, Italy. And at home, as in Dubai are. Stoning stone. Turks are working. To - local flavor. As happens - in the Arabic style.
Get in the car again. Kadyrov, as if by chance, transports Stepashin past a hill drowning in greenery and flowers with gigantic gilded letters: “Thank you, Ramzan, for the Terrible!”.
Kadyrov: - And over there we will have high-rise buildings - 18, 30 and 45 floors.
Stepashin: - Skyscrapers, so ...
Kadyrov: - Yes, we build a lot. Rosneft let us down only. Gathered in one place here, too, to recover. Not given a penny! And so our builders are almost everywhere ...
Stepashin: - What about oil refining? With a plant? Remember we talked about this more than once?
Kadyrov (sighs heavily): - Well, they supposedly work, but very slowly. At this rate, we’ll be rebuilding the 20 years.
... Stepashin: - Soon the state program for the development of the North Caucasus will be adopted. Up to 2013, over 200 billion rubles. will be allocated only from the federal budget. Plus investment: there, in my opinion, more 170 billion rubles. it is assumed ... But now it won't be like this: they took money from the state treasury or from an investor and gave it to the region for some unknown reason. Only for specific and necessary objects. And under control.
Kadyrov: - We are waiting for the program. Ready to perform and surpass! (It slows down near a beautiful building with columns and stucco.) This is the Lermontov State Russian Drama Theater. From scratch we build. In October will open.
Stepashin: - Grozny now simply does not recognize. He is better than before the war. I flew a helicopter now - I saw it from above.
City tour continues. Kadyrov is proud to say that in 4, almost 2500 facilities worth billions of rubles were built and restored in the republic. This is in the economy and in the social sphere.
- And what about social programs? - interested in Stepashin.
“More 230 houses,” Kadyrov reports, “almost 900 000 square meters. meters of housing, close to a million. This is only for the federal target program. More 55 hospitals and clinics, 95 schools ... No, already more.
Stepashin: - If you calculate, you master more funds than you receive from the state budget. What is it like? At the expense of investors?
Kadyrov: - It’s customary to judge so, Sergey Vadimovich, that for Chechnya, to restore the republic, they allocate big money - under 100 billion rubles. already given. And they also say: Chechnya is a black hole where money goes. They do not go anywhere in vain! Especially since this is a miser for us! And when we really build - all the governments from the regions send officials here to us - to look.
Stepashin: - C'mon ... But those high-rises are, as I understand, not built with budget money?
Kadyrov: - Only extrabudgetary funds go to the whole “Grozny-City-1”.
Stepashin: - And how do you find investors?
Kadyrov: - They are ... We are looking for, attract. And all in all, we are already more than 2,8 billion rubles. extrabudgetary funds mastered.
Stepashin: - You finish these tricks when you start an object, and then ask for money for construction in Moscow.
Kadyrov (embarrassed): - And we never do ...
The publication’s correspondent asks Kadyrov an “unpleasant” question: “If Chechnya becomes strong and rich, will it leave Russia?”.
Kadyrov, not embarrassed in the least, parries: “And we are already stronger and richer. But do not leave the same. Strange ... That Chechnya will go away afterwards, says anyone, and they say anywhere, but not here. When the devils ruled here, these international terrorists, we lived for 12 years without a law, without power. And people understood how bad and hard it is. And a lot of tragedies. My father died so it was different. I have lost many of my relatives, classmates, friends of my loved ones ... And not only me. And when we got the right life, how can we betray all this, forget it? And we are trying now and we will try not to be denied us never to be part of Russia. Only in this way can we improve our lives. And we will protect only the interests of Russia here, at home: to fight the terrorists, to build both housing and factories, so that people live well and work, and raise children, so that they rejoice. ”

Here's a conversation between the head of Chechnya and the chairman of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation, "corresponded" correspondent "KP". And, admittedly, Ramzan Kadyrov has something to boast about in front of a high Moscow guest and a journalist. Chechnya has really changed beyond recognition in comparison with the times when there was a real war here. First of all, of course, changed outwardly. But also internally: even the Russians began to return here.

But still…

The journal “Issues of Nationalism” recently published the report “Caucasus-2011: Russian View”, which, inter alia, says: “As already mentioned, Caucasian societies with their peculiar social structure in conditions of the collapse of the centralized state and the chaos that followed position (in modern Russia). Their “negative” properties unexpectedly turned out to be in demand, moreover, they became the key to success.

With the actual collapse of the infrastructure, general theft and the lack of effective control by the federal center, it is only natural that Caucasian officials, introducing their archaic social relations to the state apparatus, are building a system of total corruption and outright trade in posts. The high level of corrupt bureaucracy in the Caucasian republics is dictated by several factors. Firstly, a high level of corruption in the country's ruling elite — if senior officials steal with impunity and in front of everyone with billions, the same will inevitably be done by officials of lower rank. Secondly, the Caucasian peoples do not have their own state tradition, their modern national-territorial formations are the product of the Soviet national policy. From here follow the ethnocracy inherent in the North Caucasian republics, authoritarianism, weak control of public relations by federal law.

The problem has been recognized even at the highest state level. Russian President Dmitry Medvedev in May 2010 said in an interview: “Corruption is a crime in all regions, but in the Caucasus, bribery threatens the national security of the country, promotes terrorism and separatism, and it’s difficult to catch corrupt: they are helped to escape responsibility cronyism and bail of heads of republics. Federal funds often do not reach people. We know where they go. It is known where they are being stolen. ”

At the same time, the policy of the federal center remains unchanged: endless concessions and the continuation of payment of Caucasian tribute.

The reasons for this are well known. Caucasian groups are building their relations with the federal center on the principles of hidden blackmail - intimidation by the threat of radical Islam and / or nationalist separatism, coupled with the endless demands of subsidies. But they provide the ruling party with the necessary interest in the elections. This fits perfectly into the highland mentality: the Caucasian ruling groups view the Duma and presidential elections as acts of demonstrating loyalty to the Kremlin. In choosing the means for such a demonstration, they do not shun anything: in the course are massive and brazen falsifications. "Gonya percent" for Putin, Medvedev and "United Russia", the Caucasian bureaucracy in this way proves its usefulness to the Kremlin.

As a result, in such key socio-economic indicators as gross regional product per capita, labor productivity and average wages, budget security, the level of development of the real sector of the economy and involvement in foreign economic activity, the North Caucasus Federal District lags noticeably behind other federal districts . And in terms of security for living and visiting non-natives, the NCFD can be compared with countries such as Afghanistan or Pakistan. ”

The special status of Chechnya

“In fact,” the authors of the report continue, “we can only speak of some truly special status within the Russian state regarding Kadyrov’s Chechnya. The rest of the Caucasian republics have no comparable privileges, with the exception of the subsidy regime and the network of quasi-diplomatic "representations" in the Russian regions.

The special status of Chechnya is the ugly, but at the same time, legitimate product of modern state policy in the Caucasus, a vivid demonstration of the real ability of the Russian authorities to “solve” the problems of ethno-chauvinism and separatism.

Without having the political will to secure a military victory in the Second Chechen War with appropriate political steps (that is, not in words, but in fact return Chechnya to the political and legal field of the country, objectively investigate the genocide of the Russian population in this republic during the years of government Dudayev and Maskhadov, etc.), the Kremlin chose a deliberately flawed tactic: to support one Chechen teyp as opposed to the rest, hoping to keep the whole republic in obedience in this way. In fact, the Russian top officials concluded a tacit agreement with the Kadyrov family: the cessation of hostilities and the pacification of Chechnya in exchange for giving their teipu full freedom of action within the republic with the provision of regular and gratuitous financial assistance on an especially large scale.

The privileges granted to Chechnya are perceived by many representatives of this nation as an act of capitulation of the Russian leaders, in fact, they issued a blank check for impunity, which is often true. The constant emphasis on the special place and role of Chechnya in the system of the Russian state, the openly defiant behavior of its president R. Kadyrov - all this provokes Chechens to display aggression outside the republic.

The idea of their uniqueness is openly preached to the Chechens, they see themselves as actual victors in the recent war. Therefore, in relation to the Russians, a well-known principle acts on their part - “woe to the vanquished”.

We subsidize the North Caucasus

“Over the past 10 years, the federal budget has invested 800 billion rubles in the development of the North Caucasus, and if in the 2000 year it was about 15 billion rubles, now in the form of subsidies and other interbudgetary transfers to the regional budgets about 180 billion rubles are received. annually, ”the authors of the report cite the head of the Russian government from his speech at the interregional conference of the United Russia party on the theme“ Strategy for the socio-economic development of the North Caucasus. Program for 2010-2012 years. “The growth is 12 times,” said the head of the Russian government. “As you can see, the funds and efforts that we invest in the North Caucasus are really great.”

“Indeed, big ones,” the report continues. - In the Caucasus, there is not a single Federation subject that would receive less than half of its budget from the center (in official documents, subsidies are referred to as non-repayable receipts). Even in Adygea, which is an enclave within the Krasnodar Territory and significantly removed from the explosive regions of the Caucasus, the share of gratuitous revenues in recent years has ranged from 50 to 60% of the budget. In Kabardino-Balkaria, this figure ranged from 65 to 73%, in Karachay-Cherkessia - from 63 to 72%, in Ingushetia - from 82 to 90%, in Dagestan - from 75 to 80%, in North Ossetia - from 63 %, in Chechnya - from 70 to 87% of the republican treasury.

In monetary terms, the amount of gratuitous receipts in Chechnya reached 23 billion rubles. in year. Of course, this republic suffered the most from military conflicts in the 1990-ies. But the subject of the Federation, in which several million barrels of oil are produced annually (this was at a price of more than $ 100 per barrel), for this reason alone cannot receive 90% of the budget in the form of offerings, and demand more.

Recall that as of the first half of 2010, the state subsidy to Chechnya alone was 95%. In other words, every citizen of Chechnya lives on 100 rubles, and earns 5 rubles. The remaining 95 rub. He takes away from the Russian regions.

A federal target program for Ingushetia has been launched since 2010. The amount of funding required for the implementation of the program “Social and economic development of the Republic of Ingushetia for 2010-2016 years” will amount to 32,2 billion rubles, including at the expense of the federal budget - 29 billion rubles. and at the expense of the budget of Ingushetia - 3,2 billion rubles.

The federal budget for 2011 year, the article "The distribution of subsidies for the alignment (!) Of the budget security of the regions." The word “alignment” is used here, it seems, cum grano salis: we see that some regions are much more “equal” than others. According to this article, Dagestan (population - 2 711 000 people) will receive 31 billion rubles., Ingushetia (532 000 people) - 7 billion, Chechnya (1 267 000 people) - 13,2 billion. The neighboring Krasnodar Territory (XNNXX people) - 5 billion. - 124 billion, Stavropol Territory (000 8 2 people) - 711 billion

The article "The distribution of subsidies to support measures to ensure a balanced budget." Chechnya "to provide support" will receive 20 billion rubles., Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories - 350 million rubles. The total budget of Chechnya is 56,8 billion rubles, including gratuitously from the federal budget - 52 billion. The budget of the Stavropol Territory is 52,5 billion, and from the federal budget - less than 10 billion. In 2008, Chechen budget expenditures were 30,8 billion rubles. , and in the 2010 year - almost twice as many.

Recently, the Russian government pays great attention to the problems of Caucasian youth. As a solution to these problems, it is proposed to strengthen the admission of immigrants from the North Caucasus to educational institutions in other regions. Thus, 19 May 2010 at a meeting of the Council for the Development of Civil Society and Human Rights, which was chaired by President Dmitry Medvedev, Chairman of the Russian Congress of the Peoples of the Caucasus Aslanbek Paskachev raised the question of the “need for a mass referral of (Caucasian) young people to study in universities, technical schools, vocational schools Russian regions.

However, the low level of education in the North Caucasian republics often does not allow Caucasian youth to enter Russian universities on a general basis. To circumvent this obstacle, a targeted admission system was developed, within which budget places in universities are allocated for applicants from the North Caucasus. Caucasian youth can enter these places, bypassing the entrance exams, which all others pass. It is assumed that these places are intended for talented young people, but it’s not just a problem for them to pass exams on an equal basis with everyone. Therefore, the target method in reality is intended for those who are nominated to preferential places by officials of the Caucasian republics, who form the appropriate lists based on their own preferences.

For example, in 2008, over 70 of Russian universities (including Moscow State University, MGIMO, Gubkin Institute of Oil and Gas) provided graduates of secondary schools in Ingushetia with 470 from targeted training places. In the 2009 year, according to the order of Rosobrazdraviya № 566, Chechnya was allocated 400 target places, and mostly in prestigious specialties, such as law, finance and credit. The Russian leadership consciously encourages this practice. So, 6 July, 2010, in Kislovodsk, Prime Minister Vladimir Putin said that as part of a targeted reception for applicants in the North Caucasus, 1300 places would be additionally allocated, since, according to him, “talented young men and women of the North Caucasus should be able to receive Education and in leading domestic universities throughout Russia. "

In fact, Caucasian “target groups” often demonstrate a low level of knowledge and inability to adapt to the conditions of life outside their republics. “Purposeful”, uniting with other Caucasian students, many of whom enter higher education institutions, using corruption schemes, provoke conflicts both with local residents and with students of other nationalities. This problem is particularly relevant for the regions adjacent to the North Caucasian republics. Therefore, the protest action in Rostov-on-Don in connection with the murder of a Russian student Maxim Sychev by students from Ingushetia sounded demands for the abolition of targeted admission. According to Expert magazine, in 2010, in Rostov-on-Don, 95 000 full-time 7500 students from the Republics of the North Caucasus were from 1200, including XNUMX people studying according to a target quota.

Separate attention should be paid to the results of the USE in the republics of the North Caucasus. Thanks to the increased scores that are provided by the condescension and corruption of local officials patronizing the representatives of their ethnic groups, poorly educated Caucasian young people have the opportunity to enroll in Russian universities, which provokes additional conflicts there. Thus, by the number of 100 points for the Unified State Exam in the Russian language in 2010, Dagestan was in third place in Russia. In total, 100 people received 54 points in Russian (27 000 graduates passed the exam) in Dagestan, while, for example, St. Petersburg received the highest points in Russian 29 people (even though 34 000 students passed the Unified State Exam). Of course, from this we can conclude that in Dagestan, where less than 5% of Russians live, there are almost two times more experts in the Russian language than in the cultural capital of Russia, but this is hard to believe.

30 November 2010, in his message to the Federal Assembly, President Dmitry Medvedev announced the possibility of issuing land for the birth of his third child. Chechens, Ingushs and most of the representatives of other peoples of the North Caucasus live for a long time not in saklyah and not in mud huts, but in good-quality multi-room cottages.

Note also that the leaders among the regional potential buyers of apartments in 2010, only in Moscow, were residents of Chechnya, Dagestan, Karachay-Cherkessia and Ingushetia. They accounted for more than 24% of calls to various real estate databases. The greatest demand among immigrants from these republics are two-bedroom and three-bedroom apartments of economy class and business class, ranging from 7 to 15 million rubles. and ranging from 47 to 110 square. Where did the "poor" residents of the North Caucasian subsidized regions have money for Moscow real estate? Speaking of subsidies and social benefits, let's not forget about the specifics of the social organization of subsidized republics, in other words, the total corruption of local officials. The structure of the distribution of funds, to put it mildly, is opaque. It means that there is a possibility that a substantial part of these funds do not reach those to whom they are intended, but it is being pulled apart, pushed into the corruption pockets.

Summarizing, we can state: the technology "loyalty in exchange for money" is becoming increasingly costly, and these costs are fully covered from the pockets of the Russian population. Grozny avenues glittering with lights are being built due to the decline and degradation of cities in Central Russia, the state of which utilities are already approaching a critical one. At the same time, the loyalty of the North Caucasian clans is becoming more and more ephemeral, in fact, the subsidies and concessions levied by them have acquired the character of the tribute levied by the conquerors from the conquered territory, ”the report says.