Unity of patriotism and cosmopolitanism
Recently, the problem of patriotism, genuine and sincere love for their country and their people is increasingly becoming the subject of heated debate in the pages of print and electronic media, has been repeatedly discussed in the studio of numerous television programs and talk shows.
Particularly acute questions of patriotism are on the agenda in connection with the current Ukrainian crisis and the tough position that Russia has taken in relation to the anti-Russian and Russophobic policies of the Kiev authorities, as well as a completely inadequate reaction to the actions of Moscow from the countries of the so-called democratic West, resorted to completely incomprehensible, legally and morally unreasonable sanctions, including against high-ranking government officials (officials). In such a situation, the question of whether Russian citizens should continue to favor the idea of universal values and the formation of a society of patriots of the world or restrict the concept of “patriotism” only to their own country is becoming increasingly acute.
In this regard, it seems necessary and expedient to more thoroughly study the very essence of such phenomena as patriotism and cosmopolitanism, which will eventually allow more competently and effectively to conduct state-oriented domestic and foreign policy, as well as to engage in the patriotic education of Russian youth.
WHAT IS PATRIOTISM
Patriotism is love for the motherland and for its people, the desire to serve their interests, as well as faith in the fatherland and in its future. For this, a real patriot lives with him and for him. Fatherland he honors as a sacred object of love. A patriot loves fatherland with conscious love, not blind feeling.
At the same time, patriotism includes feelings, emotions, life position, image and lifestyle, as well as the practice of serving the Fatherland. It should be emphasized that patriotism is not something ephemeral and intangible - it fully justifies itself in practice in business participation in the formulation and implementation of military policy.
The content of patriotic consciousness and patriotic actions of peoples depends on the structure of states, their domestic and foreign policies, on the nature and goals of wars, on relations with other nations and states. Patriotism of peoples, states occupies an important place in all spheres of their life and is a permanent means of military policy in peacetime and wartime. The carriers of patriotic consciousness, patriotic actions are the authorities at all levels, peoples and national armed forces.
As for Russia, the practical expression of patriotism is the moral and psychological readiness of the population to repel a possible external aggression. Military service is an honorable duty and a patriotic duty of citizens of the Russian Federation, and a patriot warrior is a reliable defender of Russia with high human, political, moral, military, professional and moral qualities.
At the same time, genuine patriots of Russia condemn such negative and directly damaging phenomena as false patriotism and hurray-patriotism. And even more so true patriotism can in no way be combined with nationalism, xenophobia and so-called selfish patriotism.
The carriers of hurray-patriotism are always looking for the causes of their own mistakes and failures on the side (a vivid example of this is the actions of the current Kiev authorities, who do not notice mistakes, and all the "misfortunes of Ukraine" are usually attributed to "the hand of Moscow"). Ura-patriotism soothes, relaxes, leads to the fact that the state incorrectly determines its place and role in the world community, and ultimately can lead to self-isolation and a negative attitude towards other peoples. The patriots of Russia are proud of their fatherland and their people, but they understand that pride cannot encourage isolation and isolation. It should be emphasized that false patriotic sentiments among different social groups can have a negative impact on political leadership.
Patriotism as a universal value was formed in the framework of nations, states and turned into a kind of closed unity. This went on for centuries, but it could not go on forever. Patriotism as a worldview and practical actions of peoples, however, does not fully ensure the military security of the state in the context of globalization and new challenges and threats. It seems that today is the time for the formation of a patriotic consciousness at the global level.
Distribution weapons mass destruction, the real possibility of nuclear wars, as well as the already existing and possible armed conflicts and wars of all types and scale, as well as intensified international terrorism pose a real and very high threat to the military security of the entire world community, pose a threat to the very survival of mankind as such.
Moreover, new challenges and military and non-military threats that have arisen lately, cause patriotic anxiety to all mankind, the answer to which should be the global patriotic movement for its survival.
The threat to the survival of mankind requires that Russians go beyond patriotism beyond the national level. From the point of view of the idea of patriotism, the task of protecting Russia from external aggressions, it seems, should already be viewed through the prism of the survival of all humanity as a whole. Simply put, the patriotism of Russians should be consistent with the goals of humanity.
Patriotism presupposes a clear position on the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and possible nuclear wars. Patriotism demands that the citizens of Russia make a feasible contribution to the survival of the world community. Only patriots of Russia or patriots of other states alone cannot withstand all challenges and threats that have a global scale. Only a united world community can resist them. That is why it can be argued that today is the time to form a society of patriots of the world community.
GLOBAL IDEOLOGY
The problem of patriotism today can no longer be considered outside global problems. Global problems cannot be solved by themselves. Therefore, the Russians should make a feasible contribution to their decision. However, as well as citizens, patriots of other countries.
Globalization is a feature of the modern world, natural, objectivehistorical the process, the tendency of social development, aimed at the formation of a holistic world and the civilizational development of society. Globalization testifies to the universalization of ties and relationships in various spheres of society. It covers politics; economic relations; the movement of goods and labor, culture, as well as all forms of public consciousness, world-wide information communications and population movements. The global process involves peoples of all continents, of all local civilizations. Globalization is developing both at the micro and the macro level.
On the other hand, it is necessary to emphasize the fact that globalization is both a constructive process and a destructive one.
The positive component of globalization brings nations and states closer together, brings local civilizations closer together, ensures the use of the experience of other states in all spheres of life, draws all states into world politics, unifies the global economy and destroys the humanitarian and economic borders of states. Moreover, international laws are gradually becoming a priority in relation to national laws.
In turn, the negative component of globalization divides the world community; isolates those who are not involved in integration processes; creates conditions for the destruction of the culture of peoples and states, and also increases the gap between the rich and the poor. At the same time, the low standard of living of the population pushes many states to the side of world processes, making them unattractive for investment and other attention from more developed and successful countries and transnational groups.
It is unlikely that anyone can doubt the assertion that the 21st century is a century of both expanding contacts and a century of new problems. The reason for this is the all-round convergence of countries, the growing interdependence of states and regions.
Globalization blurs the boundaries between Russia and the world community. Numerous local and regional problems directly or indirectly affect the interests of the entire global community. Russia, like other states, transfers part of its functions, part of its sovereignty to national structures. Therefore, a patriot of Russia can not tear the fate of the state from the fate of the world community.
Mankind should today mark conceptual milestones, comprehend the needs of times and eras; evaluate the present through the prism of the past and the future; identify trends in the development of universal ideas, as well as determine the role and place of all states.
Scientific and technological achievements of states, including Russia, are becoming the achievements of the world community. Through culture, Russians are introduced to world civilization. New means of communication blur the boundaries, information becomes universal. Russia is more and more “introduced” into world history.
New challenges and threats call the patriots of Russia to serve the whole of humanity, and the patriotic consciousness of Russians should be included in the overall development of civilization.
Patriots of Russia should be aware of their belonging not only to the family, nation, country and religion, but also to all of humanity. Must have the ability to answer for the fate of all people.
Russia is obliged to tell the whole world about itself. She has something to give the world community. Its achievements patriots should make the public domain.
Russian patriotism involves an assessment of the international situation, an active response to international events, processes related to the problems of war and peace; participation in the peacekeeping movement; supporting the activities of the UN and various peace agreements, as well as condemning the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and the conduct of the so-called aggressive wars.
Participation in peacekeeping operations under the auspices of the UN allows Russia to defend universal human values throughout the world.
New challenges and threats, globalization require more space coverage from patriotism. The formation of the noosphere becomes the most important task of mankind. Patriotism from the social sphere is expanding to the all-encompassing harmony, its relationship with the biosphere.
Against globalization, the narrowness of some representatives of the national patriotism of Russians in time and space is especially visible. Absolutization of only national patriotism can lead Russia to isolation, isolation from the fate of the peoples of the world community. The interests of humanity require expanding the range of Russian patriotism in the consciousness, behavior and actions of people, as well as raise the consciousness of the people to a global level. Russian patriotism should serve not only Russia, but also the world community. The new millennium requires organic interaction, the relationship of Russian patriotism with global patriotism.
Currently, in some countries there are opponents of global patriotism, global problems are beyond their competence, and they are not responsible for them. The views of the opponents of globalization lead them to isolation, to conflicts and wars, create conditions for the development of international terrorism. Selfish patriotism does not allow us to address the pressing problems of all mankind.
ESSENCE OF COSMOPOLITISM
Cosmopolitanism as an ideology and practical actions, behavior originated in the ancient period.
Cosmopolitanism is, firstly, the expansion of the idea of the Fatherland to the whole world; secondly, at the basis of cosmopolitanism lies the unity of the human race, and thirdly, the solidarity of the interests of individual peoples and countries as parts of one whole humanity.
The goal of cosmopolitanism: to ensure the survival of decent humanity; eliminate wars, militarism as a way of life of mankind and move to a peaceful way of life; learn to manage scientific and technological progress, weaken and eliminate the destructive component of progress; change the role of people in world history in the “people – government” system, as well as make a major contribution to the formation of a single humanity with its cultural, ethnic and religious diversity. Cosmopolitanism proceeds from the fact that man exists for himself and his descendants, honors the memory of ancestors and uses their historical experience.
The basic values of cosmopolitanism can be characterized as follows: man is the main value on Earth, the measure of all phenomena, processes, events; virtues are non-violence, philanthropy, mutual aid, mercy, generosity, brotherhood of people, hard work, dignified life, responsibility, care for descendants, memory of ancestors; the need to achieve harmony between man and nature; respect in the state for all social groups, representatives of different cultures, nationalities and religions; peace-loving relations between peoples, states, world religions and religious denominations; the harmony between peace-loving policy and ensuring military security; reasonable device states; peaceful space exploration; rendering assistance to the peoples of other states in protecting the population from natural and man-made disasters, as well as the human-saving system of the military security of states and the world community as a whole.
The ideas of cosmopolitanism are widely developed in Russia. So, the carriers of cosmopolitan values were the writers Alexander Pushkin, Leo Tolstoy, Fyodor Dostoevsky and Nikolai Gogol; philosophers Nikolai Berdyaev, Nikolai Danilevsky and Vladimir Solovyov; scientists Mikhail Lomonosov, Dmitri Mendeleev, Vladimir Vernadsky, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky and Alexander Chizhevsky, as well as historians Nikolai Karamzin, Nikolai Kostomarov and Vasily Klyuchevsky.
Alexander Pushkin, in particular, was able to determine the place of Russia in the world, to see its role in Europe and in the world. He pushed the boundaries of the Russian language. The centenary of Pushkin was celebrated in the 35 countries of Europe, Asia, Africa and America. He looked at the outside world through the eyes of the national poet of Russia, penetrated into the culture of other nations, but remained a Russian poet. He wrote to Chaadaev: I would not like to change my fatherland or have a different story; Russia is a country of "global responsiveness", serves the world's interests.
Mikhail Lomonosov was a patriot of Russia and at the same time belonged to all mankind. He had no hatred for foreigners. He admired the genius of Leonard Euler, respected Christian von Wolf and Georg Richmann. Lomonosov reincarnated into the culture of other nations, while remaining a true patriot of Russia, and had the ability to contain the genius of other nations.
The Russian writer Fyodor Dostoevsky defined such features of the Russians as “world responsiveness, all-human”. The purpose of the Russian person is enormous - voluntary service to humanity. Russians have a highly developed instinct for humanity. Dostoevsky always emphasized that Russian literature is woven into the outside world. The heroes of his books seek to embrace the past, present and future of Russia with a single eye.
The outstanding commander of Russia, the Generalissimo Alexander Suvorov, shortly before his death, said: “As a slave I die for the fatherland and as a cosmopolitan, for the Light.”
Cosmopolitan ideology reflects the past, present and future. It is rationally saturated and emotionally attractive, accessible to intellectuals, professionals and the masses. The ideology of cosmopolitanism is a secular ideology, but all world religions are cosmopolitan to some extent.
Cosmopolitan ideology regulates all spheres of life, is a guide to action, gives recommendations on what measures should be taken to achieve the desired result, to solve certain problems. It forms moral prescriptions and focuses on fair actions.
People in their lives, activities, in their behavior based on the ideas of cosmopolitanism. They participate in just wars (while respecting the norms of international humanitarian law), in the anti-war movement, in the struggle for a nuclear-free world, fighting international terrorism, conquering space, protecting and saving nature, doing charity, participating in the elimination of natural and man-made disasters, and also make efforts to write an objective, true history of states and world history.
Of course, some cosmopolitan ideas are utopian. Their implementation will require a long time and the greatest spiritual efforts of many generations. However, bold utopias in the future may turn out to be quite real. Cosmopolitan ideology is certainly ahead of its time. At the same time, cosmopolitanism does not share the views of anti-utopians, who do not believe that the unity of humanity can be achieved, while preserving cultural, ethnic and religious diversity.
INTERACTION AND INTERACTION
Russian patriotism and cosmopolitan values do not contradict each other, as it may seem at first glance, but, on the contrary, complement and develop each other. Cosmopolitan values improve the actions of patriots, give a more in-depth look at life. Cosmopolitanism allows patriots to evaluate global processes, phenomena, events.
At the same time, the patriots of Russia already use the values of cosmopolitanism in their activities: they show humanity towards other peoples; show respect in their state for all social groups, representatives of other nationalities and religions; master space for peaceful purposes; assist other peoples in natural and man-made disasters; take care of descendants, and also preserve the memory of ancestors. Patriotism as a love of country absorbs love as the universal value of cosmopolitanism.
Russian patriots are involved in political, economic, cultural, and religious integration processes that also use cosmopolitan values. Among patriots there are many who are concerned about the fate of humanity, sincerely respond to disasters, bad weather in other countries and rejoice for scientific discoveries in other states. At the same time, many Russian patriots think about themselves as part of the world community.
With the approval of the patriots, global global structures are gradually being introduced into the economy of the Russian Federation. Russian and earlier Soviet patriotic scientists are honorary members of the academies of science and universities in Europe, Asia and America. Their names are called cities, streets and squares. Outstanding Soviet and Russian commanders and soldiers were erected monuments, busts. Many thousands of patriotic soldiers were buried in other countries that they defended (although lately in some countries the fraternal burial of Soviet soldiers began to be vandalized and desecrated by the radicals and enemies of Russia).
Patriots of Russia take an active part in international organizations of the United Nations, UNESCO, IAEA and others, they actively respond to events and processes occurring on all continents (approve, rejoice, condemn, empathize), evaluate them from the standpoint of cosmopolitanism. They think not only on the scale of Russia, but also on the scale of the world community.
The appeal of cosmopolitans to the fate of other nations, to world problems aggravates the feeling of Russian patriots, helps them realize the place of Russia in the world community. This, however, does not mean that due to the use of cosmopolitanism’s values, the patriots of Russia will become less devoted to their country.
The humanity of the patriots of Russia is determined through their attitude to the suffering of the citizens of other states, to the suffering of other nations.
All mankind is threatened by international terrorism. To repel this threat, it is no longer enough that citizens of states are patriots of only their peoples. To combat international terrorism, we need patriots who organically combine the features of the defenders of their states and supporters of the world community. These requirements are fully consistent with the patriots of Russia.
Patriots of Russia also participate in the writing of a single world history that unites all nations, and they are proud of Russia and its contribution to world history.
MILITARY CULTURE
The interrelation of patriotism and cosmopolitanism embraces military culture. Moreover, the world military culture needs the achievements of the military culture of Russia, which makes it possible to raise the world military culture to a higher level. At the same time, Russian military personnel, who a priori should be patriots of their country, are actively participating in the operations of international armed (peacekeeping) forces within the framework of solving the tasks of the United Nations. Together with cosmopolitans, they are fighting international terrorism. Russian patriots are training officers of other countries who conduct just wars.
Patriots of various states, including Russia, borrow from each other achievements in the development of weapons and military equipment, methods and methods of warfare, military construction, as well as training and education of soldiers. Military science is one, supranational, universal. And the patriots of Russia, of course, make a significant contribution to it. The works of military scientists and theorists are translated into many languages of the world.
The following fact should be especially emphasized: cosmopolitans believe that peace-loving states can and should lead not only just wars, but also domestic wars, designed to stop the aggression of an external opponent. And real, true patriots are actively involved in domestic wars.
It is noteworthy that patriotism and cosmopolitanism are largely united. They originated in the ancient period. Moreover, at the basis of the origin and development of cosmopolitanism lay such phenomena, processes and events as the formation and death of local civilizations and empires; scientific and technical progress; the formation of philosophies; the formation of world religions; mass migration of huge masses of people; slavery and colonization; genocide and inquisition; national liberation movement; numerous wars and revolutions, as well as various social, natural and man-made disasters.
The unity of patriotism and cosmopolitanism has a universal character in its cultural, ethnic and religious diversity. The patriotic consciousness and values of the cosmopolitanism of the peoples of the anti-Hitler coalition played a huge role in the defeat of Nazism and fascism. In the victorious man, the feelings and views of the patriot and the values of cosmopolitanism were simultaneously manifested.
To ensure the survival of humanity from global military and non-military threats is impossible without the unity of the patriots of all states and the universal values of cosmopolitanism. The unity of patriotism and cosmopolitanism is manifested in the harmony of the peace-loving policy of the states and their military security.
At the same time, the achievement of unity of patriotism and cosmopolitanism is possible, despite the fact that the goals, phenomena and processes of cosmopolitanism are wider, larger in space and in time. At the same time, cosmopolitans never sever fundamental ties with the national fatherland. Russians who have not learned to love their fatherland are not capable of loving all of humanity.
Finally, mankind today is increasingly threatened by natural and man-made disasters that can occur on the territory of individual or group of states, as well as cover a whole region and even the entire planet. In this case, cosmopolitans proceed from the fact that it is necessary to unite the efforts of different states, the world community as a whole, in order to combat global catastrophes. It seems that international cooperation in combating catastrophes can become an important direction in world politics in the foreseeable future and will allow us to rally humankind more closely.
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