The mystery of Sarajevo shots

The 15 (28) of July was a motorcade of several open cars moving along the crowded streets of the Bosnian city of Sarajevo. From the quay, Appleplet’s motorcade turned into Franz Josef’s street, General Oscar Potiorek began to scold the driver that he had gone the wrong way. The driver tried to turn around, but in a narrow space filled with people, it turned out to be difficult. At this time a pale young man came out of the crowd, raised a revolver and fired twice, because of the tension and fear shaking hands, hit the woman, the man hugged her, closing, the third shot rang out. He defeated the heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Franz Ferdinand, and his wife Sophia died. The crowd twisted the young man - it was Gavrilo Princip, he tried to poison himself, but he vomited.

On this day, the Archduke was already attempted - Nedelko Chabrinovich threw a grenade into the motorcade, but missed, killing the driver of the third car with a blast (the target was the second) and injured its passengers, the policeman and people in the crowd.

And this event led to a global catastrophe - the World War, which resulted in the collapse of four empires: the Austro-Hungarian, German, Russian, Ottoman. It is clear that the killing of the heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire with his wife could not lead to such consequences, in the Russian Empire in 1881, the emperor was killed - and nothing, no global, even regional war. Just certain forces needed a war, it was prepared for a long time and started. There were two Moroccan crises, two Balkan wars, Austria-Hungary several times already announced mobilization, but always with the help of Russia's deterrent role, crises were settled by peace, through negotiations.

Map of the last route of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand

At that time, they wanted wars, they simply longed for many elites, in fact, only Russia did not need war - we didn’t have territorial claims and disputes, we didn’t need foreign colonies, we had plenty of land. All economic disputes could be resolved peacefully, peaceful development promised more benefits than war. That is why it was strenuously drawn into the confrontation with Germany: England, where the Russian Empire was called “the country of the whip, pogroms and executed revolutionaries,” went to the division of spheres of influence in Persia and Tibet, and began top-level visits. Bankers of France did not stint loans.

In Germany, they fanned the “Pan-German” hysteria, created plans for “Great Germany,” which would include most of Europe, the Russian Baltic states, Poland, Ukraine, the Crimea, the Caucasus, and theories of the “superiority of the German race”. The chief of the German General Staff Moltke wrote: "The European war will break out sooner or later, and it will be a war between the Teutons and the Slavs." German ideologue Rohrbach: “The Russian colossal state with 170 millions of people should be divided in the interests of European security”. German generals and commoners became more and more fascinated by the idea of ​​a “world wide” German empire, although the German industrialists and bankers (who were tied to the financial international, or were part of it) financed the propaganda campaign, for which any war is super-profits. They also sponsored numerous militarist organizations, such as the Marine League, the Union of Defense, the Military Union, the Pan-German Union, the German Colonial Partnership, and so on. They spun the arms race, it was so dispersed that by the 1914 year Germany was driven into a “financial dead end” - it was necessary either to fight or a severe financial crisis ensued. An interesting fact is that Max Warburg, the largest German financier, became one of the leaders of the German intelligence services. His brother, Paul Warburg, was the vice-president of the 1913 created in the year, on the eve of the war of the Federal Reserve System (USA).

The German military was confident of victory, even in 1905, the Schlieffen plan was developed, which took into account the difference in the timing of mobilization in Russia and Germany. According to him, while Russia is mobilizing, the German armed forces concentrated all their power against France and smashed it before the British could help, and Russia would complete the mobilization. Then, together with the Austro-Hungarian armies in Berlin, they thought to quickly bring Russia to their knees. The start of the war - the summer of 1914 of the year - sounded at the meeting of the German emperor with the commanders of 8 of December of 1912 of the year. The German military programs, initially scheduled for completion in the 1916 year, were revised, with completion by the spring of the 1914 year. In May, at a meeting in Carlsbad, 1914, Moltke told his Austrian colleague von Gettsendorf: "Any delay slows down the chances of success."

They planned to make some kind of provocation, the Balkans were most suitable for this - the “powder magazine” of Europe. After a series of wars and conflicts in the Balkan Peninsula, almost all parties were unhappy with the situation - the Turks, Serbs, Bulgarians, Romanians, Greeks, Austrians. The interests of literally all the great powers were intertwined here: Germany, Russia, Austria-Hungary, England, France. There existed a mass of nationalist organizations, practically all special services operated, one after another secret organizations appeared.

Thus, the organization “Black Hand” was created by Colonel Dragutin Dmitrievich, nicknamed “Apis”, the head of the Serbian counterintelligence. Its branch in Bosnia occupied Austria-Hungary was the organization Mlada Bosna, to which the killer of the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne belonged. “Apis” was a Serbian patriot, an enemy of “Pan-Germanism” and ... a Freemason, like the other founder of the organization, Serbian Minister L. Chupa, who had connections with Freemasons of Belgium and France. The organization's activities were carried out under patriotic and Pan-Slavic slogans, the idea of ​​“Great Serbia” was promoted within the borders of the 13-14 centuries. But this goal could only be achieved through war, with the involvement of Russian forces, when, after the defeat of Austria-Hungary, it would be possible to build "Great Serbia". Their views were not shared by the king and the prime minister of Serbia, and the Russian ambassador Gartwig, military attaché Artamonov, made remarks. But the organization had a great influence in the yard, among the officers.

Dragutin Dimitrievich (Apis)

Yes, and the victim was not chosen by chance - Franz Ferdinand was opposed to the war with the Russian Empire. His death unleashed the hands of the “military”. In addition, he was a supporter of the provision in the empire of equal rights to the Slavic peoples, with the Austrians and Hungarians, which could lead to a decrease in separatist tendencies.

In order to give the Austrian and German side more "trumps" in the accusation of Serbia, a group of conspirators are brought to Serbia, to Belgrade, they are trained in shooting at the royal park dash, they are handed over by Serbian-made revolvers and bombs from the state arsenal, not secretly - openly. That is, create evidence for the prosecution of Serbia. On July 2, the young men were ferried across the border, a coup took place in Serbia on 15, and King Peter was forced to renounce his son Alexander, who was young, inexperienced, and more influenced.

Serbian Prime Minister Pasic and the Russian Ambassador Gartwig had their agents and learned about the impending assassination. They both hurried to warn the Austrian side, but the Austrian side ignored the warnings, did not cancel the visit to Sarajevo, did not heighten security measures.

Nikola Pasic

When the German emperor, Wilhelm II, received a message about the murder, he wrote telegrams in the margins: "now or never" and ordered Moltke to prepare a strike against France. Immediately the world press, as if on cue, began to escalate military hysteria. Although, in theory, how many political murders were committed in the world? In the Russian Empire, minister after minister was assassinated, Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich, Stolypin, etc. were killed.

For some reason, the poison of the conspirators was not working, although the Nazis in the Third Reich did not complain, were poisoned one by one, they were all captured alive, they split it. 23 July Vienna gives Serbia an ultimatum and gives all 48 hours to answer (so that they don’t have time?), Pasic and Alexander could not accept him, he violated sovereignty, it was clear to Pasic that the Austrian investigators in the Serbian territory would find the perpetrators and the situation would be even more complicated. King Alexander asks for protection from Russia, Nicholas II proposes measures of settlement. Serbian Prime Minister, showing the wonders of diplomatic flexibility, accepts all points of the ultimatum, except for one thing - instead of allowing the Austrians to investigate the territory of Serbia to transfer the question to the Hague International Court of Justice, promising to accept his decision.

Vienna had enough of this “disagreement” and 26, it broke off relations with Serbia, on July 28 declared war, the shelling of Belgrade began. All the diplomatic attempts of Petersburg to stop the conflict were ignored. Russia decides to exert military pressure - partial mobilization of the Kiev, Odessa, Kazan, Moscow districts, 31 and full mobilization has been announced. The Russian Foreign Ministry said that if hostilities stopped and a conference was convened, mobilization would immediately stop.

Germany used this step as a pretext for war, declaring a threat from Russia - 1 of August declared war on it. And although the German press and the Kaiser declared the threat to Russia of their ally Austria-Hungary and, logically, the army had to be sent to the borders of Russia in order to force it to make concessions - the German armies moved west. That is, the world did not want, wanted war. On August 1, the German army occupied Luxembourg, neutral Belgium, Germany 3 declared war on France.

The incipient war could have been stopped by England’s firm position; it has already stopped more than one conflict. But London showed "indecision", the Germans did not petition, did not promise support to Russia and France. There were debates in the cabinet and parliament, and consultations with the United States. As a result, the appearance was created for Berlin that, by habit, England would remain out of conflict. Therefore, for Germany, the entry of England into the war - 5 of August, on the side of France and Russia - came as a surprise, but it was too late to stop, the flywheel of the war was launched.

The murder in Sarajevo was not profitable for Serbia, Russia, who suffered huge sacrifices. Austria-Hungary and Germany did not receive any benefits either, their scenario was inscribed in a more global scenario, the “financial international” scenario. Paris also lost more than it received, was exsanguinated, although it was in the camp of winners. The United States won the most, moving out of the second tier to world powers, becoming a world creditor. Or rather, the owners of the United States, financial magnates, who had offices in New York, London, Washington, Paris, Berlin, Switzerland.

The leaders of “Black Hand” on the fictitious accusation - allegedly planned to open the front to the Austrians, whom they hated throughout their conscious lives - were arrested and shot at the beginning of 1917 of the year. The conspirators from Mlado Bosna were tried, adults were shot, and minors were imprisoned. In 1917, the young terrorists Princip, Gabrilovich, and Grabeche were kept in solitary cells of the Austrian fortress Terezienstadt and all with synchronism in a few weeks "themselves" died. The head of “Young Bosnia”, Vladimir Gacinovich, disappeared in 1914, he lived in Paris, then in Switzerland, in August he died, most likely he was poisoned. In the autumn of 1918, the archives of the Sarajevo process disappeared. In the 1919 year, when the Austrian authorities decided to return the Belgrade archives seized after the occupation of Serbia to Serbia, the boat carrying the documents went missing on the Danube with the crew. So, all ends in the water, even literally ...

After the war, an active introduction of the version began, allegedly following the murder in Sarajevo by Russia, its military attache in Serbia, Colonel General Staff V.A. Artamonov. But the secret documents of the archives of the imperial military and diplomatic departments, published under Soviet rule, completely deny this version. Artamonov was a decisive opponent of the plans of the conspirators. The historian M. N. Pokrovsky wrote about this version in Europe, it was reflected by the novelist V. Pikul in the novel I Have Honor.

This is a typical course of Western intelligence services - the "version of the cover" of the true state of affairs, the benefit of direct witnesses and documents destroyed.

Gavrilo Princip.

Sources of:
Joel D. Sources of the First World War. Rostov-n-D., 1998.
Orlov V. G. Double agent: notes of the Russian counterintelligence officer. M., 1998.
Utkin A.I. The First World War. M., 2001.
Shabarov V. Ye. For the faith, the king and the Fatherland! M., 2003.

If it’s hard for you to imagine your life without pies and birthday cakes, if you like to please your loved ones with home-made muffins, then you should definitely have a variety in your kitchen metal bakeware. A wide range of forms is available in the online store indero.ru.