The Armed Forces of Moldova at the present stage
Geographical position of Moldova.
Moldova is located in the extreme south-west East European Plain, in the second time zoneand occupies most of the interfluve Dniester и Prutand also a narrow strip of the left bank of the Dniester in its middle and lower reaches. Not having access to the sea, the country is geographically to Black Sea region, while Moldova has access to The Danube (the length of the coastline is 600 m).
In the north, east and south, Moldova is bordered by Ukraine, in the west - with Romania... The area of the country is 33,7 thousand km². The territory of Moldova stretches 350 km from north to south, and 150 km from west to east. Extreme points of the country: in the north - a village Naslavcha (48 ° 29 'N), in the south - a village Giurgiulesti (45 ° 28 'N), in the west - a village Curve (26 ° 30 'E), in the east - a village Palanca (30 ° 05 'in. E.).
Population
According to estimates, on January 1 2008 years The population of the Republic of Moldova was 3572,7 thousand. (without I.e. and municipality Bender). In 2007, on average 3576,90 thousand people lived in Moldova [10]
The population of the Republic of Moldova, according to the 2004 census, was 3395,6 thousand people (the census data do not take into account the population of the territories administered by the unrecognized Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic). Of these, 3158,0 thousand, or 93,3% of the population, are Orthodox. The population density is 111,4 people. per km².
The population of the Republic of Moldova is multinational and multicultural. The bulk of the population, or 75,8%, (according to the 2004 census) - Moldovans. Also live: Ukrainians - 8,4%, русские - 5,9%, gagauz - 4,4%, Romanians - 2,2%, Armenians - 0,8%, the Jews - 0,7%. National representation of Moldovans in the armed forces - 85%.
Moldovan Armed Forces after the collapse of the USSR
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On September 4, 1990, the Supreme Soviet of the Moldavian SSR adopted. Decree on the suspension of the USSR Law of October 12, 1967 "On General Military Duty" on the territory of the MSSR. The first stage in the formation of the National Army of Moldova as an independent state was the decree of the President of Moldova No. 193 of September 3, 1991 "On the formation of the Armed Forces". According to the 1994 Constitution of Moldova and the National Security Concept, the country's military security is ensured by its armed forces.
As of July 1992, the total strength of the Moldovan armed forces is estimated at 25,000-35,000, including police officers, reservists and volunteers. After the collapse of the USSR, Moldova got 32 (according to other sources, 34) MiG-29 fighters from the 86th Fighter Regiment of the Black Sea fleet USSR (airfield of Marculesti) which, after the collapse of the USSR, came under the jurisdiction of Moldova.
23.06.1992 - The 1 aircraft was allegedly shot down during the Transnistrian conflict.
1992 g. - 1 aircraft Moldova ceded to Romania. The documents do not include the price of the aircraft. According to the chairman of the special parliamentary commission, Yuri Stoikov, the former high-ranking Moldovan military admitted that the plane was ceded "on account of the debts of Moldova to Romania for the assistance rendered during the 1992 military conflict."
1994 y. - 4 aircraft sold to the Republic of Yemen.
1997 g. - 21 aircraft (of which only six are suitable for flight) is sold to the United States. 17 January 2005, the former Minister of Defense Valeriu Pasat was sentenced to 10 years in prison for selling aircraft to the United States. He was charged that as a result of this transaction, the state lost more than 50 million dollars.
At the beginning of 1994 of the year, the Moldovan army (only parts of the Ministry of Defense) consisted of 9800 people in the composition of the 3 rf, 1 artillery brigade and 1 reconnaissance battalion. In service there were, among other things, 18 122-mm and 53 152-mm towed artillery systems, 9 "Non", 17 "Fagot", 19 "Competitions", 27 9P149 "Shturm-S", one SPG-9, 45 MT guns -12, 30 ZU-23-2 and 12 S-60. The air force of Moldova in 1994 consisted of 1300 people in 1 iap, 1 helicopter squadron and 1 air defense missile brigade. It was armed with 31 MiG-29 fighters, 8 Mi-8s, 5 military transport aircraft, including one An-72, and 25 S-125 air defense systems and 65 S-200 missiles. In 1998, more than 1,145 million people were considered fit for military service.
On 2007. strength The National Army of the Republic of Moldova is estimated at 6,5 thousand military personnel and 2 thousand civilian personnel. It consists of ground forces and air force / air defense. The combat strength includes:
- 1-I motorized infantry brigade (Balti): by wartime states 1500 people, in peacetime 785 people;
- 2-nd Stefan cel Mare (Chisinau) motorized infantry brigade: in wartime 1600 people, in peacetime 915 people;
- 3-I Dacia (Cahul) motorized infantry brigade: in wartime 1500 people, in peacetime 612 people;
- The Prut artillery brigade (Ungheni) for wartime states 1000 people, in peacetime 381 people;
- regiment of communication (Chisinau);
- special purpose battalion "Fulger" (Chisinau);
- engineering battalion (Negreshty);
- battalion of logistics (Balti);
- battalion of protection and maintenance of the Ministry of Defense (Chisinau);
The armed forces consist (estimate 2007g.):
- BMD-1 and machines based on them - more than 50;
- BTR-60 (BTR-60PB, etc.) - about 200;
- BTR-80 -11;
- BTR-D-11;
- MT-LB - more than 50;
- 2С9 "Nona-S" - 9;
- 152-mm howitzer guns D-20 - about 40;
- 152-mm gun 2A36 "Hyacinth-B" - 21;
- 122-mm howitzer M-30 - 18;
- MLRS 9P140 "Hurricane" -11;
- 120 mm mortars M-120 - 60;
- 82-mm mortars of different types -79;
- 100-mm anti-tank guns MT-12 "Rapier" - 45;
- self-propelled PU 9P149 ATGM "Sturm-S" -27;
- self-propelled PU 9P148 ATKM “Konkurs” -19;
- PU FAcot -71;
- LNG-9 "Spear" - about 140;
- ZU-23-2 - 32;
- 57-mm anti-aircraft guns C-60 - 12;
- MANPADS "Strela2", "Strela-3" - approximately 120.
The number of personnel of the Air Force and Air Defense Forces of the National Army of the Republic of Moldova is 1,05 thousand people (2007). The combat strength includes:
- aviation base Decebal (Marculesti): approx. 450 people, 5 Mi-8 and 6 unused MiG-29 fighters. As of 2007, 6 MiG-29 fighters remained at the airfield in Marculesti. Everything is in working condition.
- separate mixed aviation squadron (Chisinau): approx man 200, 5-2 Ahn, 3-24 An and An-26, 3 An-72, 5 PZL-104 «Wilga-35» 1, and Yak-18T, 3 Mi- 8, 4 Mi-2;
- Government Aviation: passenger planes Tu-134 and Yak-42;
-Zenrie Cantemir zenith rocket brigade (covers Chisinau): 470 man, 12 PU ZRK C-200, 18 PU ZRK C-75, 16 PU ZRK C-125.
Position on 2010 year
According to IISS The Military Balance for 2010, the Land Forces of the Republic of Moldova had the following equipment at their disposal:
A type |
Winemaking |
appointment |
Quantity |
Notes |
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Infantry fighting vehicles |
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44 |
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9 |
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55 |
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Armored personnel carriers |
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11 |
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91 |
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Multiple launch rocket systems |
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11 |
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Artillery systems |
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120-mm |
9 |
self-propelled |
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152 mm |
31 |
towed |
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152 mm |
21 |
towed |
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122-mm |
17 |
towed |
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120-mm |
7 |
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mortar |
82-mm |
52 |
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Anti-tank weapons |
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71 |
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19 |
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27 |
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138 |
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anti-tank gun |
36 |
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Anti-aircraft weapon |
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anti-aircraft installation caliber 23 mm |
26 |
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57 caliber anti-aircraft gun mm |
26 |
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The air defense troops are practically drained of blood - the air defense systems were written off by 80% due to the technical condition and service life, as well as because of the low training of missile officers, the quality of training at the Military Academy of Moldova and the Military Academies of Romania.
The same condition is observed and aviation. The absence of aircraft, the dismissal of officers with flight and flight experience had led to the catastrophic position of the unit. The flight training center at the Chisinau airfield does not provide enough flight and combat practice for cadets on sports airplanes.
At the moment, the staffing of the armed forces of Moldova fluctuates around 15 thousand people. Of these, the National Army - 6 thousand people, border troops excluding NIB staff - 3 people, the corps of carabinieri 500 thousand people. Department of Civil Protection and Emergencies - 5 people. The Armed Forces also include a military-trained reserve of the National Army, border troops, carabinieri corps and all paramilitary formations of the Department of Civil Protection and Emergencies.
The mobilization resources from the reserve, numbering about 300 thousand people, cannot be considered combat-ready and prepared for mobilization, due to its scattering across European countries and a low moral and psychological state.
After the visit of the NATO Secretary General to Chisinau in January 1999, it was decided to reduce the size of the army from 10 thousand to 6,5 thousand people.
In the future, it is NATO that will initiate various variants of "military reforms" in Moldova. The leadership of the National Defense and Defense Ministry of Moldova, who thoughtlessly adopted these reform models, in fact reduced the country's defense capability and brought the army to the brink of collapse by 2011. Such actions indicate a gross violation of the country's national interests and defense capabilities, which implies criminal liability.
Personnel and officers
A hackneyed expression - cadres decide everything. Consider the real and not the ceremonial state of affairs in this area. The training of officers for the National Army is carried out on a massive scale in the Military College of the Ministry of Defense “Alexandru cel Bun” (now the Military Academy). Many military personnel of Moldova are trained in military educational institutions abroad, primarily in NATO countries, this is Romania, Turkey, France, Great Britain, Germany, the United States and so on. More than 250 people were trained in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus. However, due to the short-sightedness of some Moldovan politicians, at different times military personnel were purged for political reasons. Until 2000, the emphasis was on the dismissal from the ranks of the Armed Forces of Soviet officers as carriers of the Soviet military mentality, which did not fit with NATO's personnel policy. After 2000, there was a wave of dismissal of officers with Western education, against the backdrop of V. Voronin's Romanophobic sentiments. In both cases, it hit hard on the moral and psychological state of the officers. From 1992 to 2010, the army practiced the assignment of officer ranks to former warrant officers, on the basis of clan and kinship. This additionally hit the prestige of the officer rank, since the natives of this military class did not have sufficient military knowledge and military culture. From 1995 to 2009 young lieutenants, graduates of various educational institutions are massively dismissed from military service (up to 80%), seeing no prospects for either material or career growth. Practice has shown that graduates of Romanian educational institutions do not have the professional skills to start a career. Since 2004 the institute of political police is introduced in the army to persecute dissident officers. With the change of the ruling class in 2009, the institute of political police represented by the Information and Analysis Directorate (Military Intelligence of the Ministry of Defense) changed the vector of action and continues to purge the morale of the officers. The Military Prosecutor's Office of Moldova also played an important role in weakening the moral and psychological state of the army. On the basis of minor offenses, many military and competent officers were repressed on trumped-up cases, while the high-profile crimes of the Ministry of Defense leadership remain covered up to the present (example of Minister V. Marinuta - who allowed the Romanian special services to the letter communication channels of the Ministry of Defense). The military reform of 2009-2010 carried out by the Alliance had a disastrous effect on the material situation and benefits of contract servicemen. The absence of a coherent, scientifically grounded personnel policy determines the low moral and psychological state of the officer cadres.
Contacts with NATO.
The first consultations of the Republic of Moldova with the North Atlantic Alliance took place after the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on December 20, 1991 and after 1992, they have a clearly anti-Russian accent against the background of the Transnistrian conflict.
On January 6, 1994, at the highest level of the North Atlantic Alliance, the American initiative "Partnership for Peace" was considered, and the President of the Republic of Moldova expressed his personal interest in this. On March 6, 1994, in Brussels, the President of the Republic of Moldova and the NATO Secretary General signed a Partnership for Peace agreement. In order to coordinate more effective NATO activities, on December 16, 1997, a NATO mission in the Republic of Moldova was created.
In 1999, a project was completed to create an information network between the Academy of Sciences and NATO with financial support from the "Information Network of Polytechnic Communities". The Polytechnic University of Moldova received financial support from the Alliance. In June, with the support of NATO, the RENAM Association was established with educational and informational purposes. Thus, scientific researchers from Moldova not only received scholarships in Italy, Canada and other countries, but any scientific discoveries became controlled by the United States. The visit of President V. Voronin to NATO headquarters on June 28, 2001 was another step towards signing a new Memorandum with NATO in the field of technical support and logistics cooperation.
Conclusion. The military conflict of 1992, hastily prepared by foreign advisers and thoughtlessly implemented in practice by Moldovan politicians, continues to influence the mass consciousness of the population of the Republic of Moldova, determining the regression of the military institute of Moldova. The constant military reforms proposed by NATO have brought the military to the brink of disintegration, low combat readiness and limited functionality. The top leadership of the Ministry of Defense has lost feedback from the military units. The units practically do not realize the importance of the leadership of the General Staff and the Ministry of Defense. The lack of a well-thought-out personnel policy of the Ministry of Defense over the years led to unacceptable abuses in the education of officers. The current leadership of the Ministry of Defense, busy with political defiles, has lost a sense of reality in relation to the junior officers and contract servicemen in general. The importance of social and psychological attitudes, as the basis for the cohesion of the military organism, is ignored. Thoughtless and forced adoption of foreign doctrines, without taking into account national psychological characteristics, led society as a whole to doubts about the need for armed forces. At this stage, the Moldovan Armed Forces are unable to fulfill the limited tasks of protecting national interests and how the European military force can be ignored. (Except for ordinary, insignificant and small operations in the UN or NATO). Technologically and qualitatively, the armament of the NA does not provide the rate of transience of modern combat. The moral and psychological state of the NA personnel, carabinieri, police, is low and cannot serve as a basis for conducting hostilities for more than 1 day. Mobilization resources are practically not mobilized due to political apathy. Moldova is in fact at the final stage of joining NATO. The next predictable step of Chisinau will be a political statement that Moldova cannot ensure national security and democratic gains, as a result of which Chisinau asks NATO to provide the necessary defense for Moldova. In the future, it is the weak Armed Forces of Moldova that will be the main destabilizing factor in the region. It was the political class of Moldova, corrupted by the West, 1992-2011 that brought the country's defense capability to the stage of inadequacy to national threats. It is the political class of Moldova 1992-2011 that is the destabilizing factor in the region. The emergence of a third, stable political force In Moldova, scientifically-doctrinal, it is just a matter of 2-3 years. Those who are already offering themselves in Moldova as the third political force is a mimicry that does not deserve attention. Troubled times of Moldova will continue until 2014. Any void that has arisen tends to be filled ... ... ...
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