"And the samurai flew to the ground - under the pressure of steel and fire"
Zhukov - our Suvorov.
I. V. Stalin
One of the undeclared wars in which the Soviet Union fought was the battles on Khalkhin Gol (May 11 - September 16 1939). It was in this war that Marshal Zhukov’s star rose, and he became a hero of the Mongolian Republic. The fighting took place in Mongolia near the border with the puppet state of Manchukuu (created by the Japanese Empire) in the Khalkhin-Gol river area.
Tank attack of the red army. Khalkhin Gol, August 1939.
The beginning of conflict
From January 1939, on the border of Mongolia, the Japanese organized provocations, fired on the border guards of the Mongolian People's Republic (MPR), attacked their outfits.
On the night of May 8, a Japanese detachment tried to capture an island on the Halkin-Gol River, the Mongol border guards repulsed the attack. On May 11, a detachment of Japanese cavalry wedged 15 km deep into the territory of the MPR and attacked the border outpost, after the reinforcements approached, the Mongols pushed the enemy to the border. 14th Japanese squad supported aviation, attacked the 7th border post of Mongolia, the Japanese occupied the height of Dungur-Obo, the 15th to the occupied altitude, the Japanese transferred 2 companies and 8 units of armored vehicles.
The Soviet Union was associated with the MNR "Protocol of Mutual Assistance", our army responded immediately: in the morning of 17 on May, units of 57 of the special infantry corps N.V. Feklenko were sent to the conflict area, 22 of the Soviet units threw the enemy to the border. 22-28 in May in the area of conflict the parties concentrated their forces: from the USSR and the Mongolian People's Republic there were about 1000 people, the Japanese concentrated more than 1600 people. On May 28, the Japanese attacked in order to encircle the Soviet-Mongol forces and cut them off from the crossing to the west bank of the river. Our forces retreated, the plan of encirclement was thwarted. 29-th our forces counterattacked and restored the situation.
Moscow said it would protect the borders of Mongolia "as if they were their own", and the transfer of armored and air units began. So, on 1 May there was an 84 aircraft, on 23 May - 147, on 17 June - 267 aircraft.
Japanese infantry shipped across the river. Khalkhin Gol.
Air war
In June, there were no land fights, but there was a fierce battle for air superiority. The first aircraft, the machine of the type P-5, the USSR lost 22 in May. The very first clashes of the USSR Air Force with the Japanese caused concern in Moscow: on May 10, the 27 squadron of the 1 IAP (Fighter Aviation Regiment) was defeated; the battle and boarded for the same reason, of the four remaining pilots - two died. One was injured.
The 28 of May was almost completely destroyed by the 4 I squadron of the 22 IAP: from 10 pilots - 5 died or were missing, three were injured. At the beginning of June, pilots who had experience in battles in Spain and China began arriving as instructors and organizers. It may be noted that the pilots who had no experience of fighting, quickly adopted their experience, which indicates their overall good preparation. A group of pilots and technicians from 48 people headed by the deputy head of the Red Army Air Force Ya.V. Smushkevich, besides him 16 pilots had the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, they were divided into parts and began to train the personnel.
Japanese fighter Ki 27.
I-153 commander of the third squadron 56 IAP Major Cherkasov. Reconstruction of Vladimir Zagorodnev.
The Japanese Air Force had a 274 aircraft at the beginning of the war in Manchuria and Korea, that is, they did not have numerical superiority. In June, the Japanese in the area of the conflict had 77 fighters, 24 twin-engined bomber, 28 single-engined aircraft (reconnaissance, light bomber).
Another reason for the major losses of the Soviet Air Force (the USSR lost 207 during the entire war, and Japan lost the 162-164 of the aircraft) was the massive use of biplane fighters. So, already 22 June in a battle with the Japanese 13 was lost from the 49 fighters who participated And-15 (27%) and only one of the 13-i And-16. The commander of 4 Squadron 22 IAP pilot Yevgeny Stepanov (passed the "school" of Spain) with difficulty came out of battle and put the X-NNUMX with the broken engine control. Biplanes performed well in Spain and in the year 15 became the most massive Soviet fighter, although alarming information had already been received from China. There, our pilots encountered high-speed Japanese monoplanes.
22-28 June was fierce air battles, 27-th in the morning the Japanese Air Force managed to strike a sudden blow at the Soviet airfields, they lost 5 aircraft, we 19. During these days, the Japanese Air Force lost approximately 90 aircraft, we 38.
The main and most modern monoplane of the Soviet Air Force in these battles was the I-16 monoplane, in many ways it was he who helped turn the tide in favor of the Red Army Air Force.
Strategic planning for the aviation industry and the air force was also successful: the Soviet military doctrine assumed readiness to wage two wars at the same time — in the west and east. And for this, a material base was created, the Soviet aviation industry not only created two groups of aviation, but could also make up for losses in a timely manner. This allowed the Air Force in 1938 to support our troops during the conflict in Hassan and at the same time in the Western strategic direction to keep 2000 aircraft ready to support Czechoslovakia. In 1939, in the East, the air forces fought on Halkin-Gol and simultaneously supported the operation to annex Western Belarus and Western Ukraine.
The USSR created a quantitative advantage on the front with Japan; in the first half of August, new replenishment arrived - around 200 aircraft. By mid-August, together with the Mongolian X-NUMX, the Soviet Air Force had up to 5 combat aircraft, twice as many as the Japanese. Of these, the 558 aircraft is the SB bombers, who became the main striking force of the Air Force during the breakthrough of the Japanese front line during the August 181 offensive. Japan, due to a weak industrial base and the simultaneous war in China (which absorbed most of the forces of the Air Force) was unable to increase its forces. Only at the end of the conflict, in September, were they able to transfer 20 obsolete biplane fighters, bringing their strength to 60 aircraft. In addition, the Japanese did not have a significant number of trained pilots, their losses were irreparable.
In the first half of September, 7 air battles took place, the largest 15 of September 1939 of the year (one day before the armistice) - 120 of Japanese aircraft against 207 Soviet.
The air battles on Halkin-Gol are unique in that significant forces of the parties collided in a small space. They showed the importance of the good condition of the materiel, the need for rapid replenishment of pilots and equipment.
Halkin-Gol, summer 1939. Preparation of the I-15 fighter for combat mission.
Halkin-Gol. Red star against the rising sun. And 16 vs Nakajima Ki.27.
Timofey Kutsevalov (1904-1975), Hero of the Soviet Union.
Land fighting
Zhukov was sent to Khalkin-Gol as an inspector, there is an opinion that Budyonny contributed to sending him, the old marshal respected Zhukov as a tough and demanding division commander. 30 May Zhukov sent a critical report to Moscow in which he said that the Commissar was “poorly organized and not sufficiently focused”. At the beginning of June N.V. Feklenko was recalled to Moscow, and Zhukov was appointed in his place, the commander of his headquarters was M. A. Bogdanov. It was an example of the Stalinist personnel principle: if you criticize, show yourself that you can, Zhukov got a chance to stand out.
Soon the new headquarters proposed a plan: active defense on the Khalkhin Gol bridgehead and the preparation of a counterattack on the Japanese group. The god of war gave Zhukov time to prepare, the whole of June was aerial battles, on land there were no major clashes.
The Japanese also did not sit idly by the end of the month and prepared their operation, its purpose was to surround and destroy the forces of the Red Army on the east bank of the river, force the river and break through the Soviet front. On July 2, the Japanese attacked, forced the river and seized the Bayan-Tsagan mountain in 40 km from the border, the situation was difficult. The Japanese forces, while developing success, hastily strengthened the bridgehead. Zhukov, acting at his own peril and risk, to save the situation, was forced to ask for a mobile reserve — the 11 th tank brigade of Comrade M. P. Yakovlev with the Mongolian armored division, without the support of the infantry regiment. The team completed the task, the Japanese were defeated, though at the cost of losing more than half of the armored vehicles, but the situation was saved. Other units came up, the Japanese began to retreat to stop them, the Japanese command blew up the only pontoon bridge, but in the morning of 5, it was already an escape. The Japanese lost only thousands of people killed, almost all the armored vehicles and artillery.
Yakovlev, Mikhail Pavlovich (November 18, 1903 of the Year - July 12, 1939 of the Year), Hero of the Soviet Union posthumously.
Broken Soviet armored car BA-10.
On the east bank, the Soviet forces retreated to the river, reducing their bridgehead, but were not defeated. In order to finally eliminate the threat of the Mongolian People's Republic, it was necessary to smash the Japanese on the eastern shore, restore the border. Zhukov began planning an offensive operation. The Japanese also planned an offensive operation, but taking into account the sad experience, already without forcing the river. We decided to limit the destruction of the Soviet bridgehead.
Additional forces were being tightened: the 82 Rifle Division, the 37 Tank Brigade, in the Trans-Baikal Military District carried out a partial mobilization and two new divisions were formed. A consolidated battalion of border guards was deployed from the Zabaykalsky district to strengthen the border of the Mongolian People's Republic; they detained dozens of Japanese intelligence officers. The 57 corps was reorganized into the 1 Army (front-line) group.
The number of Soviet forces increased to 57 thousands of fighters, the army group had 542 guns and mortars, around 500 tanks, 385 armored vehicles and 515 combat aircraft. The Japanese, in the specially created 6 Army, had more than 75 thousand people, 500 guns, 182 tank.
July 8-11 were fighting on the east bank of the river, the Soviet positions were retained. The 13-22 of July was calm, the Soviet side strengthened the bridgehead, the 24 th motorized rifle regiment of I.I. Fedyuninsky and the 5 th machine-gun brigade were transferred to it. 23-24 July, the Japanese attacked, but we could not knock out our forces from the bridgehead.
M.A. Bogdanov.
Komkor Zhukov and Marshal Choibalsan.
Defeat the enemy
Soviet training was held in the strictest secrecy, all movements took place only at night, radio talks were being held on the preparation of defense and plans for the autumn-winter campaign, at night the sound installations broadcast sounds of tank and aircraft movement, so that the Japanese would get used to the night movement, and other activities were carried out to introduce the enemy misleading.
As a result, the attack launched by 20 in August was unexpected for the Japanese army; the Japanese themselves planned to hit 24 in August. It was a classic flank operation of mechanized and tank units, in order to encircle and defeat the enemy in the area between the Khalkin-Gol river and the state border of the Mongolian People's Republic. This experience the Red Army, under the command of Zhukov, carried out before the famous strikes of the Wehrmacht in Poland, France, in the USSR. Three groups struck a blow: the Southern group dealt the main blow (Colonel M.I. Potapova), the Northern group delivered an auxiliary blow (Colonel I.P. Alekseenko), the Central group fettered the enemy by combat (the brigade commander D.Ye. Petrov).
Artillery preparation and air strikes began at 6.15, and ground forces attacked the 9 hours. The fiercest battles were fought in the Central direction, here the enemy had powerful fortifications. 21-22-th Zhukov brought into reserve a battle - 9-th motor-armored brigade, 23-th in the Central direction had to enter the last reserve-212-th airborne brigade and two companies of frontier guards. The Air Force was actively helping, only for 24-25 in August the bombers made 218 combat missions. The Japanese command was unable to determine the direction of the main attack and provide timely assistance to their flanks. By 26 August, the encirclement was completed and significant forces of the 6 of the Japanese army fell into the “cauldron”.
The Japanese soldiers showed their best, fought to the last, did not surrender to captivity, attempts to unblock surrounded forces were repulsed. By 31 August, the territory of the Mongolian People's Republic was cleared from the Japanese.
4 and 8 September. Japanese forces attempted to occupy the Mongolian border territories, but were repulsed, suffering heavy losses (around 500 only killed).
15 September 1939 signed an agreement between the Soviet Union, Mongolia and Japan on the cessation of hostilities in the Khalkhin-Gol river area, which entered into force on 16 September. The conflict was finally settled in May 1942, a final agreement was reached on resolving the problem: it was a compromise, largely in favor of Japan, the settlement of borders on the basis of old maps. The USSR was in a difficult position and it was diplomatically wrong to insist on its own. True, the agreement existed only until the 1945 year, then the MPR returned the plots assigned to the 1942 year.
Results:
- The demonstration of the military power of the USSR on Hassan and Khalkin-Gol showed Tokyo all the danger of war with the Red Army and became the main reason for the choice of the Japanese elite as the main direction of expansion - the South. And this, on the threshold of the German attack on the USSR, was of tremendous military and strategic importance; we received a relatively safe rear in the East.
- Halkin-Gol was the beginning of Zhukov’s magnificent career, before one of the numerous commanders became the commander of one of the most important military districts of the country, Kiev, and the head of the General Staff.
Mititaro Komatsubara, led the military operation of the Imperial Army of Japan on the river Khalkhin-Gol, in the fall of 1940, committed suicide.
Zaisan Memorial, Ulan Bator.
Sources of:
Documents and materials on the eve of World War II 1937-1939. In 2's volumes. M., 1981.
Isaev A. Myths and truth about Marshal Zhukov M., 2010.
Zhukov G. K. Memoirs and reflections. The 2 TM., 2002.
Kondratyev V. Battle over the steppe. Aviation in the Soviet-Japanese armed conflict on the Khalkhin-Gol river. - M., 2008.
Shishov A.V. Russia and Japan. History military conflicts. M., 2001.
http://victory.rusarchives.ru/index.php?p=32&sec_id=59
I. V. Stalin
One of the undeclared wars in which the Soviet Union fought was the battles on Khalkhin Gol (May 11 - September 16 1939). It was in this war that Marshal Zhukov’s star rose, and he became a hero of the Mongolian Republic. The fighting took place in Mongolia near the border with the puppet state of Manchukuu (created by the Japanese Empire) in the Khalkhin-Gol river area.
Tank attack of the red army. Khalkhin Gol, August 1939.
The beginning of conflict
From January 1939, on the border of Mongolia, the Japanese organized provocations, fired on the border guards of the Mongolian People's Republic (MPR), attacked their outfits.
On the night of May 8, a Japanese detachment tried to capture an island on the Halkin-Gol River, the Mongol border guards repulsed the attack. On May 11, a detachment of Japanese cavalry wedged 15 km deep into the territory of the MPR and attacked the border outpost, after the reinforcements approached, the Mongols pushed the enemy to the border. 14th Japanese squad supported aviation, attacked the 7th border post of Mongolia, the Japanese occupied the height of Dungur-Obo, the 15th to the occupied altitude, the Japanese transferred 2 companies and 8 units of armored vehicles.
The Soviet Union was associated with the MNR "Protocol of Mutual Assistance", our army responded immediately: in the morning of 17 on May, units of 57 of the special infantry corps N.V. Feklenko were sent to the conflict area, 22 of the Soviet units threw the enemy to the border. 22-28 in May in the area of conflict the parties concentrated their forces: from the USSR and the Mongolian People's Republic there were about 1000 people, the Japanese concentrated more than 1600 people. On May 28, the Japanese attacked in order to encircle the Soviet-Mongol forces and cut them off from the crossing to the west bank of the river. Our forces retreated, the plan of encirclement was thwarted. 29-th our forces counterattacked and restored the situation.
Moscow said it would protect the borders of Mongolia "as if they were their own", and the transfer of armored and air units began. So, on 1 May there was an 84 aircraft, on 23 May - 147, on 17 June - 267 aircraft.
Japanese infantry shipped across the river. Khalkhin Gol.
Air war
In June, there were no land fights, but there was a fierce battle for air superiority. The first aircraft, the machine of the type P-5, the USSR lost 22 in May. The very first clashes of the USSR Air Force with the Japanese caused concern in Moscow: on May 10, the 27 squadron of the 1 IAP (Fighter Aviation Regiment) was defeated; the battle and boarded for the same reason, of the four remaining pilots - two died. One was injured.
The 28 of May was almost completely destroyed by the 4 I squadron of the 22 IAP: from 10 pilots - 5 died or were missing, three were injured. At the beginning of June, pilots who had experience in battles in Spain and China began arriving as instructors and organizers. It may be noted that the pilots who had no experience of fighting, quickly adopted their experience, which indicates their overall good preparation. A group of pilots and technicians from 48 people headed by the deputy head of the Red Army Air Force Ya.V. Smushkevich, besides him 16 pilots had the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, they were divided into parts and began to train the personnel.
Japanese fighter Ki 27.
I-153 commander of the third squadron 56 IAP Major Cherkasov. Reconstruction of Vladimir Zagorodnev.
The Japanese Air Force had a 274 aircraft at the beginning of the war in Manchuria and Korea, that is, they did not have numerical superiority. In June, the Japanese in the area of the conflict had 77 fighters, 24 twin-engined bomber, 28 single-engined aircraft (reconnaissance, light bomber).
Another reason for the major losses of the Soviet Air Force (the USSR lost 207 during the entire war, and Japan lost the 162-164 of the aircraft) was the massive use of biplane fighters. So, already 22 June in a battle with the Japanese 13 was lost from the 49 fighters who participated And-15 (27%) and only one of the 13-i And-16. The commander of 4 Squadron 22 IAP pilot Yevgeny Stepanov (passed the "school" of Spain) with difficulty came out of battle and put the X-NNUMX with the broken engine control. Biplanes performed well in Spain and in the year 15 became the most massive Soviet fighter, although alarming information had already been received from China. There, our pilots encountered high-speed Japanese monoplanes.
22-28 June was fierce air battles, 27-th in the morning the Japanese Air Force managed to strike a sudden blow at the Soviet airfields, they lost 5 aircraft, we 19. During these days, the Japanese Air Force lost approximately 90 aircraft, we 38.
The main and most modern monoplane of the Soviet Air Force in these battles was the I-16 monoplane, in many ways it was he who helped turn the tide in favor of the Red Army Air Force.
Strategic planning for the aviation industry and the air force was also successful: the Soviet military doctrine assumed readiness to wage two wars at the same time — in the west and east. And for this, a material base was created, the Soviet aviation industry not only created two groups of aviation, but could also make up for losses in a timely manner. This allowed the Air Force in 1938 to support our troops during the conflict in Hassan and at the same time in the Western strategic direction to keep 2000 aircraft ready to support Czechoslovakia. In 1939, in the East, the air forces fought on Halkin-Gol and simultaneously supported the operation to annex Western Belarus and Western Ukraine.
The USSR created a quantitative advantage on the front with Japan; in the first half of August, new replenishment arrived - around 200 aircraft. By mid-August, together with the Mongolian X-NUMX, the Soviet Air Force had up to 5 combat aircraft, twice as many as the Japanese. Of these, the 558 aircraft is the SB bombers, who became the main striking force of the Air Force during the breakthrough of the Japanese front line during the August 181 offensive. Japan, due to a weak industrial base and the simultaneous war in China (which absorbed most of the forces of the Air Force) was unable to increase its forces. Only at the end of the conflict, in September, were they able to transfer 20 obsolete biplane fighters, bringing their strength to 60 aircraft. In addition, the Japanese did not have a significant number of trained pilots, their losses were irreparable.
In the first half of September, 7 air battles took place, the largest 15 of September 1939 of the year (one day before the armistice) - 120 of Japanese aircraft against 207 Soviet.
The air battles on Halkin-Gol are unique in that significant forces of the parties collided in a small space. They showed the importance of the good condition of the materiel, the need for rapid replenishment of pilots and equipment.
Halkin-Gol, summer 1939. Preparation of the I-15 fighter for combat mission.
Halkin-Gol. Red star against the rising sun. And 16 vs Nakajima Ki.27.
Timofey Kutsevalov (1904-1975), Hero of the Soviet Union.
Land fighting
Zhukov was sent to Khalkin-Gol as an inspector, there is an opinion that Budyonny contributed to sending him, the old marshal respected Zhukov as a tough and demanding division commander. 30 May Zhukov sent a critical report to Moscow in which he said that the Commissar was “poorly organized and not sufficiently focused”. At the beginning of June N.V. Feklenko was recalled to Moscow, and Zhukov was appointed in his place, the commander of his headquarters was M. A. Bogdanov. It was an example of the Stalinist personnel principle: if you criticize, show yourself that you can, Zhukov got a chance to stand out.
Soon the new headquarters proposed a plan: active defense on the Khalkhin Gol bridgehead and the preparation of a counterattack on the Japanese group. The god of war gave Zhukov time to prepare, the whole of June was aerial battles, on land there were no major clashes.
The Japanese also did not sit idly by the end of the month and prepared their operation, its purpose was to surround and destroy the forces of the Red Army on the east bank of the river, force the river and break through the Soviet front. On July 2, the Japanese attacked, forced the river and seized the Bayan-Tsagan mountain in 40 km from the border, the situation was difficult. The Japanese forces, while developing success, hastily strengthened the bridgehead. Zhukov, acting at his own peril and risk, to save the situation, was forced to ask for a mobile reserve — the 11 th tank brigade of Comrade M. P. Yakovlev with the Mongolian armored division, without the support of the infantry regiment. The team completed the task, the Japanese were defeated, though at the cost of losing more than half of the armored vehicles, but the situation was saved. Other units came up, the Japanese began to retreat to stop them, the Japanese command blew up the only pontoon bridge, but in the morning of 5, it was already an escape. The Japanese lost only thousands of people killed, almost all the armored vehicles and artillery.
Yakovlev, Mikhail Pavlovich (November 18, 1903 of the Year - July 12, 1939 of the Year), Hero of the Soviet Union posthumously.
Broken Soviet armored car BA-10.
On the east bank, the Soviet forces retreated to the river, reducing their bridgehead, but were not defeated. In order to finally eliminate the threat of the Mongolian People's Republic, it was necessary to smash the Japanese on the eastern shore, restore the border. Zhukov began planning an offensive operation. The Japanese also planned an offensive operation, but taking into account the sad experience, already without forcing the river. We decided to limit the destruction of the Soviet bridgehead.
Additional forces were being tightened: the 82 Rifle Division, the 37 Tank Brigade, in the Trans-Baikal Military District carried out a partial mobilization and two new divisions were formed. A consolidated battalion of border guards was deployed from the Zabaykalsky district to strengthen the border of the Mongolian People's Republic; they detained dozens of Japanese intelligence officers. The 57 corps was reorganized into the 1 Army (front-line) group.
The number of Soviet forces increased to 57 thousands of fighters, the army group had 542 guns and mortars, around 500 tanks, 385 armored vehicles and 515 combat aircraft. The Japanese, in the specially created 6 Army, had more than 75 thousand people, 500 guns, 182 tank.
July 8-11 were fighting on the east bank of the river, the Soviet positions were retained. The 13-22 of July was calm, the Soviet side strengthened the bridgehead, the 24 th motorized rifle regiment of I.I. Fedyuninsky and the 5 th machine-gun brigade were transferred to it. 23-24 July, the Japanese attacked, but we could not knock out our forces from the bridgehead.
M.A. Bogdanov.
Komkor Zhukov and Marshal Choibalsan.
Defeat the enemy
Soviet training was held in the strictest secrecy, all movements took place only at night, radio talks were being held on the preparation of defense and plans for the autumn-winter campaign, at night the sound installations broadcast sounds of tank and aircraft movement, so that the Japanese would get used to the night movement, and other activities were carried out to introduce the enemy misleading.
As a result, the attack launched by 20 in August was unexpected for the Japanese army; the Japanese themselves planned to hit 24 in August. It was a classic flank operation of mechanized and tank units, in order to encircle and defeat the enemy in the area between the Khalkin-Gol river and the state border of the Mongolian People's Republic. This experience the Red Army, under the command of Zhukov, carried out before the famous strikes of the Wehrmacht in Poland, France, in the USSR. Three groups struck a blow: the Southern group dealt the main blow (Colonel M.I. Potapova), the Northern group delivered an auxiliary blow (Colonel I.P. Alekseenko), the Central group fettered the enemy by combat (the brigade commander D.Ye. Petrov).
Artillery preparation and air strikes began at 6.15, and ground forces attacked the 9 hours. The fiercest battles were fought in the Central direction, here the enemy had powerful fortifications. 21-22-th Zhukov brought into reserve a battle - 9-th motor-armored brigade, 23-th in the Central direction had to enter the last reserve-212-th airborne brigade and two companies of frontier guards. The Air Force was actively helping, only for 24-25 in August the bombers made 218 combat missions. The Japanese command was unable to determine the direction of the main attack and provide timely assistance to their flanks. By 26 August, the encirclement was completed and significant forces of the 6 of the Japanese army fell into the “cauldron”.
The Japanese soldiers showed their best, fought to the last, did not surrender to captivity, attempts to unblock surrounded forces were repulsed. By 31 August, the territory of the Mongolian People's Republic was cleared from the Japanese.
4 and 8 September. Japanese forces attempted to occupy the Mongolian border territories, but were repulsed, suffering heavy losses (around 500 only killed).
15 September 1939 signed an agreement between the Soviet Union, Mongolia and Japan on the cessation of hostilities in the Khalkhin-Gol river area, which entered into force on 16 September. The conflict was finally settled in May 1942, a final agreement was reached on resolving the problem: it was a compromise, largely in favor of Japan, the settlement of borders on the basis of old maps. The USSR was in a difficult position and it was diplomatically wrong to insist on its own. True, the agreement existed only until the 1945 year, then the MPR returned the plots assigned to the 1942 year.
Results:
- The demonstration of the military power of the USSR on Hassan and Khalkin-Gol showed Tokyo all the danger of war with the Red Army and became the main reason for the choice of the Japanese elite as the main direction of expansion - the South. And this, on the threshold of the German attack on the USSR, was of tremendous military and strategic importance; we received a relatively safe rear in the East.
- Halkin-Gol was the beginning of Zhukov’s magnificent career, before one of the numerous commanders became the commander of one of the most important military districts of the country, Kiev, and the head of the General Staff.
Mititaro Komatsubara, led the military operation of the Imperial Army of Japan on the river Khalkhin-Gol, in the fall of 1940, committed suicide.
Zaisan Memorial, Ulan Bator.
Sources of:
Documents and materials on the eve of World War II 1937-1939. In 2's volumes. M., 1981.
Isaev A. Myths and truth about Marshal Zhukov M., 2010.
Zhukov G. K. Memoirs and reflections. The 2 TM., 2002.
Kondratyev V. Battle over the steppe. Aviation in the Soviet-Japanese armed conflict on the Khalkhin-Gol river. - M., 2008.
Shishov A.V. Russia and Japan. History military conflicts. M., 2001.
http://victory.rusarchives.ru/index.php?p=32&sec_id=59
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