White spots, black holes. Legends of the Navy
How died battleship "Novorossiysk"? What happened to the submarine "Kursk"? What is the secret of the disappearance of K-129? How did our submariners break through to the shores of the USA? Where were the tests of the fastest and deepest submarines? Where did the fragments of ballistic missiles disappear from the seabed? At what depth sank "Komsomolets"? Is it true that in the Crimea there is an underground submarine base?
The sea keeps its secrets. But even more sea secrets are hidden in the archives of the special services.
Theodosia experiment
There are still legends about the mysterious "Philadelphia Experiment" - the instantaneous movement in space of the destroyer "Eldridge", which happened on October 28 1943 of the year during secret government experiments on the creation of an "invisible" ship.
But all the horror stories about sailors who have grown together with the deck of the Eldridge, fade against the background of frightening legends associated with the cruiser "Admiral Nakhimov." Soviet ghost ship, forever stuck on the border of the real and otherworldly worlds.
"Admiral Nakhimov" - the only ship of the Soviet fleetwhose documents (logbooks, etc.) were removed from the Central Naval Archive by the USSR State Security Committee. The reasons are unknown.
Together with the documents disappeared most of the photos and negatives. Any materials on the "Nakhimov" immediately seized from the sailors of the Special Department of the Black Sea Fleet.
The disappearance of the documents was preceded by a number of other suspicious events: the new cruiser was expelled from the Navy after just 7 years after it entered service. According to eyewitnesses, before writing off on board the "Nakhimov" was carried out a full range of decontamination work. The wooden flooring of the deck was torn off, the hull was thoroughly “worn out”, and then covered with lead red lead.
... It is alleged that on a dark December night, the 1960 of the year, the cruiser was towed to Sevastopol and put into one of the cordoned off docks at the Sevmorzavod. What I saw shocked everyone: the ship had a broken keel, the skin in the underwater part of the hull had undergone significant deformations. By all indications, the cruiser hull was subjected to a powerful hydrodynamic impact.
After an urgent decontamination of the ship was carried out. In February, 1961 lowered the flag on Nakhimov, and in July of the same year the cruiser was shot as a target during the Black Sea Fleet exercises. However, it was not possible to sink it - what was left of Nakhimov was towed to the bank and cut into metal.
The ship has disappeared, but its mystery still stirs the minds of sailors and historians.
4 December 1960, a seismic push was recorded off the coast of the Crimea with a 3-4 score with an epicenter underwater five miles from Cape Meganom, at a depth of 500 meters.
- Hydrometeorological service of the Black Sea Fleet.
“I am surprised at this fuss with Nakhimov, because everyone has long known that the T-5 nuclear torpedo was blown up under it.
- the opinion of a retired submariner, a note in the newspaper "Meridian-Sevastopol" from 07.04.2010,
Torpedo T-5 / 53-58 - unguided tactical ammunition caliber 533 mm, equipped with SBCh 3 kiloton power (six times weaker than a bomb that fell on Hiroshima). The torpedo was adopted by the Soviet Navy in the 1958 year and was intended for action in a naval battle. Despite the modest power, the underwater explosion was much more destructive than an air explosion of similar power. As a result, the enemy ships were hit (heavy damage in the underwater part of the hull) within 700 radius from the torpedo detonation point.
Is it really a gloomy winter day of the 1960 year when a cyclopean column of water shot up into the sea not far from Theodosia, scattering the ships on the surface to the sides?
Underwater nuclear explosion at Bikini Atoll. 23 power kt
There are also more prosaic explanations of the mystery of the “Theodosian Experiment”.
Premature cancellation of the cruiser "Admiral Nakhimov" - a common event for that time. It was a morally obsolete artillery cruiser, which, objectively, was even inferior to foreign counterparts of the war years. Comrade Khrushchev had a short conversation with such rubbish: scrapping / reserve / conversion to a new test bench weapons. At the same time, the newest missile cruisers and nuclear submarines were laid in the shipyards of the Soviet Union, which were to replace the old cruisers on ocean communications.
The logic of nuclear testing off the coast of Crimea is not entirely clear. Torpedo T-5 passed a successful test on Novaya Zemlya in 1957, the sailors learned everything they wanted to know. Why was it necessary to conduct such a loud provocative operation at the very borders of NATO? On the other hand, it happened in the midst of the Cold War, when nuclear tests were booming every month. It cannot be ruled out that the Soviet military-political leadership needed to conduct a nuclear test in the Black Sea. Oh times, about morals!
One-type cruiser "Mikhail Kutuzov"
The deaf veil of secrecy surrounding “Admiral Nakhimov” is largely related to the period of his service in 1955-58, when, on the cruiser, instead of the nasal battery of the main caliber, the experimental rocket complex KSS “Quiver” was installed with anti-ship cruise missiles KS-1 “Komet” "(Option for ship-based). This fact alone can explain the lack of high-quality photographic materials dedicated to the cruiser "Nakhimov".
In view of the imminent moral obsolescence of the KSS complex, the theme of development did not receive, and already in 1958, the launcher was dismantled from the ship.
Insoluble paradox. Experimental samples of missile weapons were installed on many ships of the USSR Navy — it suffices to recall the Dzerzhinsky cruiser of the same type with the Volkhov-M mounted on the stern M-2 air defense system. But the documents were seized only from the cruiser "Admiral Nakhimov".
Finally, what were the decontamination measures associated with the ship before it was written off?
History does not know the answer. The secret of "Admiral Nakhimov" is still buried in the archives of the special services.
Sea chameleons
Already for the second day, the aggressive American aircraft carrier is proceeding in the same direction and accurately repeats all the maneuvers of the Soviet trawler.
- TASS message.
“Knights” from the Special Department were engaged not only in the seizure of shipping documents and the perusal of mail. Some of the operatives had to face the “probable enemy”.
For example, in the Caspian Sea, the 17-th separate brigade of border guard ships (17-th OBrPSKR) included two radio reconnaissance ships operatively subordinate to the Second Main Directorate of the KGB of the USSR. The ships were used to gather intelligence in Iran.
Similarly, small anti-submarine ships of the 4-th OBrPSKR from Liepāja (Latvia) were used, periodically taking on the 8-th KGB radio reconnaissance group of its own onboard in the Baltic straits, imitating being in the sentinel positions of the IPC from Baltiysk and Varnemunde, busy antisubmarine patrol.
Often, intelligence posts were equipped right on the ships of the civil fleet. By order "from above," the captain set off the cabin and provided food for "comrades in civilian clothes" who locked themselves in their quarters along with reconnaissance equipment and studied something intensely during the entire voyage.
Soviet whaler stalking "whale"
Gru went even further. In the interests of military intelligence, a number of trawlers, whalers and sea tugs * were secretly converted. The equipment was placed in such a way that the intelligence officer did not have external differences from civil vessels of similar design.
* I ask you not to confuse these ships with the "official" naval reconnaissance ships of the CER (naval communications vessels, which also carried out constant tracking of the fleets of western states).
Converted in this way the ships went out into the ocean, if possible following the usual routes of the merchant fleet. And only when only a few miles remained before the “target”, the “trawler” abruptly changed course and unceremoniously occupied the place in the warrant of the US Navy carrier group. Thus, he could accompany the Yankee ships for several days, and then transfer the watch to another “trawler” or “communications vessel”.
The circuit worked like a clock.
The Yankees could in no way prevent the "trawlers" from approaching their squadrons. In this case, international maritime law was entirely on our side - the action took place in neutral waters, and the “trawler” could be where he liked. Breaking away from him on the 30-node course is useless - in a few hours a new GRU whaler will emerge right on the course. The Yankees knew that only in vain they "killed" the resource of their engines.
It was strictly forbidden to use weapons against the little scout. The most that the Americans could do was simulate the attack by stunning the crew of the "trawler" with a roar aviation motors. After some time, this game tired everyone, and the Yankees ceased to pay attention to the "pelvis" going in the wake of the aircraft carrier.
And in vain! In the event of an escalation of the international situation and the beginning of hostilities, the “trawler” managed to transmit the current coordinates of the AUG, its composition and the scheme for constructing a warrant for warships of the Soviet Navy.
Admiral Gorshkov hyperboloids
... One of the winter days of the year 1980, night, pier number 12 in the North Bay of Sevastopol. Around - four-meter concrete fence and wire under current. Searchlight guard. Something strange is happening.
At the pier is a cargo ship "Dixon". But why all these unprecedented security measures were taken? What secret cargo can be hidden in the holds of an ordinary timber truck?
Normal? Not! 400 compressed air cylinders, three jet engines from Tu-154 aircraft, 35-megawatted power generators and high-capacity refrigeration units are installed in the belly of the “peaceful Soviet transport”. But the main secret is hidden in the superstructure - a strange device with a copper mirror polished to a shine on a beryllium lining, through the capillaries of which it is pumped over 400 liters of alcohol per minute. Cooling system! Next door are computer units (Soviet microchips are the largest microcircuits in the world!) - the supercomputer monitors the state of the mirror surface with an accuracy of one micron. In case of detection of distortions, 48 compensating “cams” are activated, immediately setting the required curvature of the surface.
The crew of the strange ship - employees of the Navy and six KGB officers.
The expiration of the non-disclosure subscription expired in the 1992 year, and now we can speak about it safely. In 1980, the USSR conducted tests of a combat laser mounted on a mobile offshore platform. The project received the code "Aydar".
The installation was mounted on board a civilian timber truck converted into an experimental stand on 05961 Ave. In order not to disturb our western "friends" once again, the former ship of the ship kept its former name - "Dickson".
The first shooting was carried out in the summer of 1980, at the target located on the coast. Unlike science fiction films, no one saw the laser beam and colorful explosions - only the sensor mounted on the target recorded a sharp jump in temperature. The laser efficiency was only 5%. Increased humidity at the surface of the sea leveled all the advantages of laser weapons.
The duration of the shot was 0,9 seconds, preparation for the shot took a day.
Like the US SOI program (Star Wars), the Soviet project Aydar turned out to be a beautiful, but completely useless toy. It will take years to improve the designs of laser systems and energy sources that can accumulate and instantly give an impulse of tremendous power.
Wrecking ship 90 (OS-90), it is also the laser battle platform Foros
Nevertheless, work on the project "Aydar" created a huge reserve in the field of laser technology and the creation of combat "hyperboloids." In 1984, a similar installation, Aquilon, was mounted aboard the amphibious assault ship KFOR-20 (Foros project).
Due to the extremely high costs and the lack of any real returns, the work on the subject of Soviet naval combat lasers was curtailed in 1985.
These are the "white spots" covered pages of the domestic fleet. Do we ever know the whole truth? Future will tell!
Based on:
http://forums.airbase.ru
http://flot.sevastopol.info
http://masterok.livejournal.com
http://meridian.in.ua
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