The USSR in the 1939-1940 years he made enemies for himself?
After the First World War, as a result of the collapse of the Russian Empire, the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, a number of new states were formed.
Stalin, unlike Lenin and other leaders of the Leninist Guard, was not attracted by the illusions of the world revolution and the international solidarity of the working people. And he led foreign and domestic policy as a caring owner, with the advent of the opportunity began to collect lost lands.
This led to the charge that the aggressive policy of the USSR in 1939-1940 years led to a sharp deterioration in relations with neighboring states. Such border countries as Romania, Finland, moved to the camp of Germany. The influence of Berlin on Bulgaria and Hungary increased.
Did the USSR create its own enemies?
But, for example: we did not quarrel with France, and after the invasion of the Third Reich into the USSR, thousands of volunteers were found on French territory for war with the Union. After long hesitations, Hitler allowed the creation of a foreign legion, but many volunteers were refused. Of the volunteers of the "Nordic race" (Norwegians, Danes, Belgians, Dutch) created part of the SS - in the 1940 year regiments "Westland" and "Norland", in 1941 year they were included in the division "Viking". After the start of the invasion of the USSR, separate legions were created from the Norwegians, Danes, Dutch, Flemish, and Walloons. The Netherlands Division and the Langemark Brigade (from the Flemish) and Wallonia were created in 1943, and these brigades were deployed in the division in 1944. In 1944, there were four divisions of the "Nordic" volunteers "-" Viking "," Nordland "," Wallonia, Langemark. " The USSR did not quarrel with these countries.
Croatia and Slovenia were puppet states, so their participation in the war against the USSR is not surprising. Spain was an ally of Hitler, Franco was actually put "on the throne" Italy and Germany, military experts from the USSR fought against him. Therefore, it is surprising that Spain sent only one division.
Italy joined the Anti-Comintern Treaty in early November 1936. Hungary is a member of the Anti-Comintern Pact since February 24 of 1939 and participated in the dismemberment of Czechoslovakia together with Germany and Poland.
Finland was hostile to us long before the 1939 year, immediately after gaining independence, Helsinki launched a war (the first Soviet-Finnish war from March 1918 to October 1920) in order to capture a number of adjacent territories. The war ended on October 14 1920 with the signing of the Tartu Peace Treaty. According to it, Soviet Russia lost a number of areas: in the Arctic depart all Pechenga municipality (Pechenga), the western part of the peninsula Fishermen from the lip Wajda to the Gulf Motovsky and most of the peninsula average, all of the islands to the west of the limit line in the Barents Sea (islands Kyi and Aynovskie Islands) also retreated to Finland. But the Finns did not calm down, they began a new invasion, the second Soviet-Finnish war began, which lasted from 6 November 1921 of the year to 21 of March 1922 of the year. Borders remained unchanged. After that, Helsinki did not give up hope to expand its territory at the expense of the USSR, the plan of the so-called “Great Finland”. Therefore, the alliance with Berlin was quite natural. And no one forced the Finns to put on the swastika, they did it on their own.
Romania was also initially hostile to the USSR, taking advantage of the collapse of the Russian Empire and the marching Civil War, Bucharest captured Russian Bessarabia. In March, the Polish-Romanian agreement on mutual assistance, which had an anti-Russian orientation, was signed in 1921, it was renewed in March, 1926, and renewed in 1931 and 1936. Before the outbreak of World War II, the Romanian elite hesitated, but not between the USSR and the Third Reich, but between England and France and Germany. In the end, they chose Berlin, he promised to reward Romania generously with Soviet lands. Relationship with Berlin began to improve. In March 1939, an agreement on economic cooperation was signed. For German companies, preferential regimes were created, Germany began to develop oil production and refining, and received the right to build highways and railways. Reich promised Romania military goods on 200-250 million marks.
Bulgaria and Hungary themselves had territorial claims against Romania and, taking advantage of the Soviet ultimatum, themselves demanded territorial concessions. August 19-21 The Bulgarian-Romanian negotiations took place on August 1940, on September 7, Bulgaria gave Southern Dobrudja with a population of 380 thousand to Bulgaria. 30 August 1940 Romania ceded northern and northeastern Transylvania to Hungary with a population of 2,4 million.
In the end, what we see? We had no allies, we did not drop anyone into the enemy camp. All these states would take part in the war on the side of Berlin. Without occupying the Baltics, Western Belorussia, Western Ukraine, we would have ceded it to the enemy. These areas would be occupied by Berlin.
Sources of:
Diplomatic dictionary in three volumes. M., 1984.
Müller-Hillebrand B. Land Army of Germany 1933-1945 M., 2002.
Rapoport V.N., Geller Yu. A. Treason to the Motherland. M., 1995.
Stalin, unlike Lenin and other leaders of the Leninist Guard, was not attracted by the illusions of the world revolution and the international solidarity of the working people. And he led foreign and domestic policy as a caring owner, with the advent of the opportunity began to collect lost lands.
This led to the charge that the aggressive policy of the USSR in 1939-1940 years led to a sharp deterioration in relations with neighboring states. Such border countries as Romania, Finland, moved to the camp of Germany. The influence of Berlin on Bulgaria and Hungary increased.
Did the USSR create its own enemies?
But, for example: we did not quarrel with France, and after the invasion of the Third Reich into the USSR, thousands of volunteers were found on French territory for war with the Union. After long hesitations, Hitler allowed the creation of a foreign legion, but many volunteers were refused. Of the volunteers of the "Nordic race" (Norwegians, Danes, Belgians, Dutch) created part of the SS - in the 1940 year regiments "Westland" and "Norland", in 1941 year they were included in the division "Viking". After the start of the invasion of the USSR, separate legions were created from the Norwegians, Danes, Dutch, Flemish, and Walloons. The Netherlands Division and the Langemark Brigade (from the Flemish) and Wallonia were created in 1943, and these brigades were deployed in the division in 1944. In 1944, there were four divisions of the "Nordic" volunteers "-" Viking "," Nordland "," Wallonia, Langemark. " The USSR did not quarrel with these countries.
Croatia and Slovenia were puppet states, so their participation in the war against the USSR is not surprising. Spain was an ally of Hitler, Franco was actually put "on the throne" Italy and Germany, military experts from the USSR fought against him. Therefore, it is surprising that Spain sent only one division.
Italy joined the Anti-Comintern Treaty in early November 1936. Hungary is a member of the Anti-Comintern Pact since February 24 of 1939 and participated in the dismemberment of Czechoslovakia together with Germany and Poland.
Finland was hostile to us long before the 1939 year, immediately after gaining independence, Helsinki launched a war (the first Soviet-Finnish war from March 1918 to October 1920) in order to capture a number of adjacent territories. The war ended on October 14 1920 with the signing of the Tartu Peace Treaty. According to it, Soviet Russia lost a number of areas: in the Arctic depart all Pechenga municipality (Pechenga), the western part of the peninsula Fishermen from the lip Wajda to the Gulf Motovsky and most of the peninsula average, all of the islands to the west of the limit line in the Barents Sea (islands Kyi and Aynovskie Islands) also retreated to Finland. But the Finns did not calm down, they began a new invasion, the second Soviet-Finnish war began, which lasted from 6 November 1921 of the year to 21 of March 1922 of the year. Borders remained unchanged. After that, Helsinki did not give up hope to expand its territory at the expense of the USSR, the plan of the so-called “Great Finland”. Therefore, the alliance with Berlin was quite natural. And no one forced the Finns to put on the swastika, they did it on their own.
Romania was also initially hostile to the USSR, taking advantage of the collapse of the Russian Empire and the marching Civil War, Bucharest captured Russian Bessarabia. In March, the Polish-Romanian agreement on mutual assistance, which had an anti-Russian orientation, was signed in 1921, it was renewed in March, 1926, and renewed in 1931 and 1936. Before the outbreak of World War II, the Romanian elite hesitated, but not between the USSR and the Third Reich, but between England and France and Germany. In the end, they chose Berlin, he promised to reward Romania generously with Soviet lands. Relationship with Berlin began to improve. In March 1939, an agreement on economic cooperation was signed. For German companies, preferential regimes were created, Germany began to develop oil production and refining, and received the right to build highways and railways. Reich promised Romania military goods on 200-250 million marks.
Bulgaria and Hungary themselves had territorial claims against Romania and, taking advantage of the Soviet ultimatum, themselves demanded territorial concessions. August 19-21 The Bulgarian-Romanian negotiations took place on August 1940, on September 7, Bulgaria gave Southern Dobrudja with a population of 380 thousand to Bulgaria. 30 August 1940 Romania ceded northern and northeastern Transylvania to Hungary with a population of 2,4 million.
In the end, what we see? We had no allies, we did not drop anyone into the enemy camp. All these states would take part in the war on the side of Berlin. Without occupying the Baltics, Western Belorussia, Western Ukraine, we would have ceded it to the enemy. These areas would be occupied by Berlin.
Sources of:
Diplomatic dictionary in three volumes. M., 1984.
Müller-Hillebrand B. Land Army of Germany 1933-1945 M., 2002.
Rapoport V.N., Geller Yu. A. Treason to the Motherland. M., 1995.
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