Military orders and medals of the Soviet Union. Medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War"
Already in the first days and weeks of the Great Patriotic War, in the rear of the advancing fascist troops, in the territory they temporarily occupied, the real people's struggle with the invaders unfolded. Sovnarkom USSR attached great importance to such a struggle, and already 29 June 1941, the directive saw the light, which prescribed the organization of the partisan movement in areas of the USSR occupied by German troops. During the Great Patriotic War, more than 6,2, thousands of different partisan detachments and underground groups, in which more than a million people fought against the invaders, operated in the rear of Hitler's troops.
The contribution of the partisans to the victory in the Great Patriotic War is enormous. To fight the partisan detachments, the Germans had to divert units from the front, sometimes up to 10% of their regular troops, not counting police units. During the Great Patriotic War, the partisans destroyed, wounded and captured more than 1 million enemy soldiers, they sent more 20 thousand enemy echelons, destroyed 58 armored trains, undermined 12 thousand bridges, knocked out more than 9 thousands of kilometers of communication lines, derailing life invaders.
For quite a long time, the guerrillas did not have their own rewards, however, understanding their contribution to the defeat of the German fascist troops, the USSR Supreme Council decided to establish a medal to "Partisan of the Patriotic War." The decree establishing this medal was signed on 2 February 1943 of the year. The medal had two degrees of difference: the first and second, and was intended to award the Soviet partisans, who distinguished themselves in the armed struggle deployed in the rear of the Nazi troops.
Medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War", I degree
It is worth noting that the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" became the first medal in the Soviet Union, which had two degrees at once. In total there were two such medals. In 1974, the medal “For distinction in military service” appeared in the USSR. The author of the figure of the partisan medal was the artist N. I. Moskalev, who, when creating the award, used a drawing from an unrealized project - the planned medal “25 years of the Soviet Army”.
The I degree was presented to the medal “Partisan of the Patriotic War” by partisans, as well as the organizers of the partisan movement and the commanding composition of the detachments for special services, which were shown in organizing the partisan movement, for heroism, courage and outstanding success in the struggle for the independence of our Motherland Nazi troops. For the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War", the second degree was presented for personal combat difference in fulfilling missions and command orders, for actively assisting in partisan struggle against the Nazi invaders.
Medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" was a regular circle with a diameter of 32 mm. On the obverse of the award there was a profile bust image of I. V. Stalin and V. I. Lenin, turned to the left. On the circumference of the medal on the tape, having a width of 4 mm, was the inscription "To the Partisan of the Patriotic War" (all letters are capitalized). At the beginning and at the end of this inscription were two small stars. In the lower part of the award there was a convex five-pointed star, in the center of which were the hammer and sickle and the letters "USSR" on both sides, the letters were located on the folds of the ribbon, which runs along the medal circumference. The inscription “FOR OUR SOVIET MOTHERLAND” (all capital letters) was written on the back side of the award, the inscription was made in three lines, above the inscription in the upper part of the medal there was an image of a sickle and hammer. All images and inscriptions on the award were convex.
Medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" I degree was made of silver 925 samples. The weight of silver in the medal I degree was 20,792 g, the total weight of the award was 22,49 ± 1,42. The medal to the “Partisan of the Patriotic War” II degree was completely similar to the first, but was made from brass. With the help of a ring and an ear, the medal was connected to a standard pentagonal pad, which was covered with a light green moire silk ribbon, having a width of 24 mm. There was a longitudinal stripe in the middle of the ribbon, the width of the strip was the same for the first and second degree awards and was equal to 2 mm, the difference was in the color of the strip. I degree - red, II degree - blue.
The medal number 1 in June 1943 was awarded to the Soviet partisan E.I. Osipenko, the commander of a group of demolition miners. In the fall of 1941, he took over as chief of staff of the formed partisan detachment, which operated in the Kaluga Region near the city of Sukhinichi. Before the war, Osipenko served as chief of police in the city. Osipenko was presented to the Partisan of the Patriotic War medal of the XNUMXst degree for the fact that in the area of the Myshbor railway station, after a detonator detonated an improvised mine, it detonated a charge by simply striking the detonator with a pole from the railway sign. As a result of this, it was possible to derail the German echelon with tanksthat went to the front (a steam locomotive and 3 freight platforms). At the same time, the partisan himself was seriously injured by the explosion and lost his sight.
The first mass award of this medal took place on November 18 1943 of the year. Members of the partisan movement in the Kalinin region became the knights of the medal “Partisan of the Patriotic War”. The award of the I degree was awarded to 34 partisans, another 36 people received the II degree medal. It should be noted that the re-awarding of these medals was an exceptional case. For example, two medals to the “Partisan of the Patriotic War” I degree were held by Bar'yash Grigory Ilyich, who during the war years commanded a special detachment of a large Poles'k partisan unit. Also, two of the medals were awarded to the partisans of Sergien Viktor Pavlovich, who also had other military awards - the Order of the Red Star and the medal "For Courage".
Father Fyodor Puzanov, awarded with the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" II degree
Also two partisan medals (I and II degrees, respectively) was marked by Letyagin Kondraty Alimpievich. Kondraty Letyagin was born in 1905 year and participated in the Great Patriotic War with 1941 year. I managed to visit the German captivity, from which I fled and joined the current partisan detachment, fought with the partisans, was wounded. After the war, he worked in the village, was the chairman of the village council, brigadier, head of the farm, died in 1971 year.
This medal was also marked by hundreds of young intelligence officers, messengers and demolition men who helped the partisans and underground fighters. For example, 10-year-old boy Kolya Golub from the village of Koralin in the Brest region. Already on the very first night of the occupation, this teenager removed a red flag from the roof of the local village council, which the Nazis shot. A year later, the boy, together with his parents, went to the partisans in the forest and handed the saved flag to the commissioner of the partisan detachment. In the 1943 year, together with his father, Kolya Golub participated in the undermining of the German echelon, which was moving towards Kursk, where the Nazis concentrated their forces for the operation “Citadel”.
Among the recipients were also priests, for example, partisans Father Fedor Puzanov, who was presented to the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" II degree. According to one of the legends, he managed to assemble in the villages of Borodochi and Zapol 500 thousand rubles, which were transferred to Leningrad for the construction of a tank column. True or not, it is difficult to say today, but it is certain that Father Fyodor Puzanov saved Soviet citizens from sending 300 to Germany, and also actively helped local partisans, supplying them with everything they needed and carrying out reconnaissance missions. In total, during the years of the Great Patriotic War, the I degree of the Medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" was awarded 56883, the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" II degree - 70992 award.
Information sources:
http://ordenrf.ru/su/medali-su/medal-partizanu-otechestvennoy-voyny.php
http://milday.ru/ussr/ussr-uniform-award/521-medal-partizanu-otechestvennoy-voyny-1-y-i-2-y-stepeni.html
http://medalww.ru/nagrady-sssr/medali-sssr/medal-partizanu-otechestvennoj-vojny
http://www.rusorden.ru/?nr=su&nt=mw5
The contribution of the partisans to the victory in the Great Patriotic War is enormous. To fight the partisan detachments, the Germans had to divert units from the front, sometimes up to 10% of their regular troops, not counting police units. During the Great Patriotic War, the partisans destroyed, wounded and captured more than 1 million enemy soldiers, they sent more 20 thousand enemy echelons, destroyed 58 armored trains, undermined 12 thousand bridges, knocked out more than 9 thousands of kilometers of communication lines, derailing life invaders.
For quite a long time, the guerrillas did not have their own rewards, however, understanding their contribution to the defeat of the German fascist troops, the USSR Supreme Council decided to establish a medal to "Partisan of the Patriotic War." The decree establishing this medal was signed on 2 February 1943 of the year. The medal had two degrees of difference: the first and second, and was intended to award the Soviet partisans, who distinguished themselves in the armed struggle deployed in the rear of the Nazi troops.
Medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War", I degree
It is worth noting that the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" became the first medal in the Soviet Union, which had two degrees at once. In total there were two such medals. In 1974, the medal “For distinction in military service” appeared in the USSR. The author of the figure of the partisan medal was the artist N. I. Moskalev, who, when creating the award, used a drawing from an unrealized project - the planned medal “25 years of the Soviet Army”.
The I degree was presented to the medal “Partisan of the Patriotic War” by partisans, as well as the organizers of the partisan movement and the commanding composition of the detachments for special services, which were shown in organizing the partisan movement, for heroism, courage and outstanding success in the struggle for the independence of our Motherland Nazi troops. For the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War", the second degree was presented for personal combat difference in fulfilling missions and command orders, for actively assisting in partisan struggle against the Nazi invaders.
Medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" was a regular circle with a diameter of 32 mm. On the obverse of the award there was a profile bust image of I. V. Stalin and V. I. Lenin, turned to the left. On the circumference of the medal on the tape, having a width of 4 mm, was the inscription "To the Partisan of the Patriotic War" (all letters are capitalized). At the beginning and at the end of this inscription were two small stars. In the lower part of the award there was a convex five-pointed star, in the center of which were the hammer and sickle and the letters "USSR" on both sides, the letters were located on the folds of the ribbon, which runs along the medal circumference. The inscription “FOR OUR SOVIET MOTHERLAND” (all capital letters) was written on the back side of the award, the inscription was made in three lines, above the inscription in the upper part of the medal there was an image of a sickle and hammer. All images and inscriptions on the award were convex.
Medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" I degree was made of silver 925 samples. The weight of silver in the medal I degree was 20,792 g, the total weight of the award was 22,49 ± 1,42. The medal to the “Partisan of the Patriotic War” II degree was completely similar to the first, but was made from brass. With the help of a ring and an ear, the medal was connected to a standard pentagonal pad, which was covered with a light green moire silk ribbon, having a width of 24 mm. There was a longitudinal stripe in the middle of the ribbon, the width of the strip was the same for the first and second degree awards and was equal to 2 mm, the difference was in the color of the strip. I degree - red, II degree - blue.
The medal number 1 in June 1943 was awarded to the Soviet partisan E.I. Osipenko, the commander of a group of demolition miners. In the fall of 1941, he took over as chief of staff of the formed partisan detachment, which operated in the Kaluga Region near the city of Sukhinichi. Before the war, Osipenko served as chief of police in the city. Osipenko was presented to the Partisan of the Patriotic War medal of the XNUMXst degree for the fact that in the area of the Myshbor railway station, after a detonator detonated an improvised mine, it detonated a charge by simply striking the detonator with a pole from the railway sign. As a result of this, it was possible to derail the German echelon with tanksthat went to the front (a steam locomotive and 3 freight platforms). At the same time, the partisan himself was seriously injured by the explosion and lost his sight.
The first mass award of this medal took place on November 18 1943 of the year. Members of the partisan movement in the Kalinin region became the knights of the medal “Partisan of the Patriotic War”. The award of the I degree was awarded to 34 partisans, another 36 people received the II degree medal. It should be noted that the re-awarding of these medals was an exceptional case. For example, two medals to the “Partisan of the Patriotic War” I degree were held by Bar'yash Grigory Ilyich, who during the war years commanded a special detachment of a large Poles'k partisan unit. Also, two of the medals were awarded to the partisans of Sergien Viktor Pavlovich, who also had other military awards - the Order of the Red Star and the medal "For Courage".
Father Fyodor Puzanov, awarded with the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" II degree
Also two partisan medals (I and II degrees, respectively) was marked by Letyagin Kondraty Alimpievich. Kondraty Letyagin was born in 1905 year and participated in the Great Patriotic War with 1941 year. I managed to visit the German captivity, from which I fled and joined the current partisan detachment, fought with the partisans, was wounded. After the war, he worked in the village, was the chairman of the village council, brigadier, head of the farm, died in 1971 year.
This medal was also marked by hundreds of young intelligence officers, messengers and demolition men who helped the partisans and underground fighters. For example, 10-year-old boy Kolya Golub from the village of Koralin in the Brest region. Already on the very first night of the occupation, this teenager removed a red flag from the roof of the local village council, which the Nazis shot. A year later, the boy, together with his parents, went to the partisans in the forest and handed the saved flag to the commissioner of the partisan detachment. In the 1943 year, together with his father, Kolya Golub participated in the undermining of the German echelon, which was moving towards Kursk, where the Nazis concentrated their forces for the operation “Citadel”.
Among the recipients were also priests, for example, partisans Father Fedor Puzanov, who was presented to the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" II degree. According to one of the legends, he managed to assemble in the villages of Borodochi and Zapol 500 thousand rubles, which were transferred to Leningrad for the construction of a tank column. True or not, it is difficult to say today, but it is certain that Father Fyodor Puzanov saved Soviet citizens from sending 300 to Germany, and also actively helped local partisans, supplying them with everything they needed and carrying out reconnaissance missions. In total, during the years of the Great Patriotic War, the I degree of the Medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" was awarded 56883, the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" II degree - 70992 award.
Information sources:
http://ordenrf.ru/su/medali-su/medal-partizanu-otechestvennoy-voyny.php
http://milday.ru/ussr/ussr-uniform-award/521-medal-partizanu-otechestvennoy-voyny-1-y-i-2-y-stepeni.html
http://medalww.ru/nagrady-sssr/medali-sssr/medal-partizanu-otechestvennoj-vojny
http://www.rusorden.ru/?nr=su&nt=mw5
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