Russia's military capabilities in the Arctic

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With the development of the global economy, the Arctic zone is becoming increasingly important. In this connection, the concern of regional states to the security situation is growing. Russia plans to retain a major role in the Arctic, but to defend its rights to the maritime waters, part of the continental shelf and natural resources during negotiations is becoming increasingly difficult. The country's leadership, declaring the Arctic "zone of peace", at the same time, intends to strengthen the military presence in areas of vital importance both in terms of the economy and national security.


Restoration of the military base on the New Siberian Islands and the commissioning of the Temp airfield (Kotelny Island, Laptev Sea).




Economy or security?

The geopolitical importance of the Arctic is significantly increasing, and this is mainly due to climate change, which opens up prospects for large-scale economic activities in the region. In this regard, it is possible the aggravation of international competition for control over the Arctic resources and access to the region. NATO countries adhere to this line, but a number of non-regional states, such as China, Japan and South Korea, tend to combine the principles of cooperation and confrontation depending on the specific situation [1].

Russian interests in the Arctic are concentrated in several areas. Firstly, this is the economy, because the region provides about 11% of national income, with the ability to significantly increase this indicator in our country's economic system [2]. A significant amount of hydrocarbons and other minerals [3] is mined in the Arctic zone, there is industrial potential, and the use of the Northern Sea Route, the shortest route between European and Far Eastern ports, is considered to be very promising.


Natural resources of the Arctic. Infographics infographics


Secondly, it's security. In the Arctic, there are enterprises of the defense industry, the base of the North fleet and objects of military infrastructure, in addition, the state border of Russia runs over the Arctic Ocean for 20 thousand kilometers. No less important, although less critical for the country's security, are scientific and environmental interests. In 2006, the Concept of Sustainable Development of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation was published, which defined long-term guidelines and principles of state policy in the region [4]. The phased implementation of this document was planned until 2015, and it itself provided for the provision of stable economic growth and the creation of conditions for solving environmental problems. In 2008, President Dmitry Medvedev approved the “Fundamentals of State Policy of the Russian Federation in the Arctic for the Period Until 2020 and the Future Perspective” [5]. This document formulates national interests that emphasize the importance of the Arctic zone as a strategic resource base, as well as the use of the Northern Sea Route as a national unified transport communication. The goal in the field of security was called to ensure a favorable operational regime, including maintaining the necessary combat potential.

Great walk

New initiatives of Russia in the Arctic have been put into practice, primarily in the military field.


At the end of 2012, President Vladimir Putin declared that the Northern Sea Route is more economically viable than the Suez Canal, which makes it extremely important for our country [6]. At the same time, the interests of many states, including non-regional, such as China, Japan, Brazil and India, converge in the Arctic region, and this forces Russia to act decisively to maintain control over a vast maritime zone reaching one million square kilometers. At the same time, the head of the Russian state has repeatedly noted that all disputes in the region should be resolved peacefully, and the Arctic itself should become a “zone of peace”. [7]

In 2013, at the international forum “The Arctic - Territory of Dialogue” in Salekhard, Putin said that Russia intends to increase by several times the network of specially protected natural territories in the Arctic zone, and also to ensure its safety there [8]. More than 80% of Russian gas and over 90% of nickel and cobalt are mined in the north, this territory provides for the formation of 12 – 15% of gross domestic product and about a quarter of Russian exports ”[9].

In this regard, it is not surprising that the new initiatives of Russia in the Arctic were not limited to the installation by Arthur Chilingarov of the titanium flag on the Lomonosov Ridge in 2007, but received practical implementation, primarily in the military field. In August-September, 2013, the hydrographic vessel Horizon and the sea fleet MB-56 of the Northern Fleet, made an expedition to the Franz Josef Land archipelago to study the situation. A special detachment of the submarine forces of the Northern Fleet from Zaozersk, who was responsible for the security of the vessel and the safety of the expedition members [10], participated in the march.

And in October 2013, a group of ten warships under the flagship of the nuclear cruiser “Peter the Great” and accompanied by the nuclear icebreaker “Yamal”, “Vaigach”, “50 years of Victory” and “Taimyr” made the 2000-mile voyage through the Barents Sea, Kara the Laptev Sea and Sea, covered with ice [1]. The compound arrived on the Novosibirsk Islands in the area of ​​the Lena River delta, delivering to the Boiler Island more than 40 units of equipment, large-sized social and living blocks, and more than one thousand tons of materiel, property and fuel and lubricants. The hike plan also included a landing on the northernmost point of Rudolf Island on the Franz Josef Land archipelago.

According to Deputy Defense Minister Arkady Bakhin, “the operation was part of a large mission to develop the Northern Sea Route and develop the Arctic zone” [12]. Viktor Chirkov, commander-in-chief of the Navy, said that “the expedition fulfilled the tasks of collecting information on changes in the navigation and hydrographic situation, proofreading maps and sea lanes, hydrometeorological observations, surveying geodetic points on the archipelago, and exploring the possibilities of navigating non-icebreakers in high latitudes [13].

This operation is unique in many ways: the number of combat units involved, the passage of the compound by a complex route that is virtually unattainable for other countries, the delivery of equipment and cargo to a remote base. It is noteworthy that foreign expert circles refrained from rational criticism and limited themselves to the factual side of the matter. Emotional attacks in the spirit of “restoration of the gunboat diplomacy” only confirm the absence of reasonable arguments from our opponents.

Unsinkable ice carrier

In addition to regular sea voyages in the Arctic region, Russia has begun rebuilding the Temp air base on Kotelny Island. This base will be modernized with the use of new technologies, which will make it possible to use transport aircraft An-26, An-72, An-74, and in the future, Il-76, in all weather conditions. Delivery of cargo to the Temp airdrome today is carried out by mixed aviation a group based at the Tiksi airfield in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu, speaking at the Arctic: Territory of Dialogue forum in Salekhard, said that this “airdrome is important as a support link for the development of transport infrastructure in the Arctic. And, of course, it will serve science as a base for Arctic expeditions and scientific research ”[14].

In high latitudes, all-terrain vehicles, snowmobiles and swamps will be actively used, as well as telemedicine development to assist military personnel. In other words, all objects will be built up for long-term use with the greatest possible comfort.

The modernization of the runway at the double-based Rogachevo airfield (Amderma-2), which is located on the Goose Land, has been completed. It is likely that several squadrons of MiG-31 interceptor fighters will be deployed here. These interceptors will be part of the missile defense system and will protect the borders of Russia from an air attack from the north, as well as cover the nuclear test site located on Novaya Zemlya (“700 Object”). [15]

It is possible that in the coming years, the military department will also restore the world's northernmost ice airfield on Graham-Bell Island in the Franz Josef Land Archipelago [16]. During Soviet times, it was an airfield for strategic bombers; the distance to the North Pole is 896 kilometers. At the end of the 1980s, exercises were held there related to the basing of the MiG-31, which could intercept US aircraft long before its possible approach to the central regions of the Russian Federation.

Russia still relies on the Air Force as an important element of showcasing power. In 2007, for the first time after the collapse of the USSR, Russian strategic bombers Tu-95MS took off from Engels base to the Arctic zone. It is noteworthy that at the end of the 1980s, the number of such flights per year sometimes exceeded 500, but today the resumption of the Russian air presence caused a surge of emotions in Norway, Canada, the UK and the USA. But many military experts still assured the governments of their countries that Russia was not going to “attack from above” on anyone, but was using aviation as a political tool to designate its interests [17].

The Russian leadership intends to continue the course taken in 2008 for a permanent naval presence in the Arctic.


Strategic aviation of the Russian Federation today has X-NUMX turboprop Tu-63MS and 95 supersonic Tu-18 bomber; 160 medium-range bombers Tu-80М22 are also suitable for operations in the Arctic. In various degrees of operational readiness, there are air force bases in Anadyr, Monchegorsk, Olenya, Tiksi and Vorkuta. Meanwhile, these bases face such serious problems as an aging aircraft fleet, an insufficient number of refueling aircraft and the difficulty of delivering a large amount of logistics equipment to the Arctic zone.

Large ships for high latitudes

The Russian leadership, apparently, intends to continue the course taken in 2008 for a permanent naval presence in the Arctic. It is not excluded that three more ships can join the nuclear-powered cruiser Peter the Great within ten years - the Admiral Lazarev, the Admiral Nakhimov and the Admiral Ushakov. The Northern Fleet also has the only Russian aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov, while some experts associate the possibility of establishing air superiority in the region with deck aircraft.

Undoubtedly, Russia faces difficulties in maintaining control over the sea in the Arctic zone. The fleet lacks modern frigate-class surface ships. And although the commissioning of eight frigates of the type “Admiral Gorshkov” and six ships of the type “Admiral Grigorovich” is envisaged, this is not enough to reach the Soviet level of presence in high latitudes.

Do not forget that one of the most important elements of the strategy of deterrence is the nuclear potential of the Northern Fleet. In Soviet times, submariners learned to use the features of the Arctic waters for covert movement due to acoustic noise and ice masses, as well as to conduct rocket launches, breaking ice at the last moment, which also reduces the vulnerability of the boat [18]. Similar trainings are held today.


According to experts, in the case of the permanent presence of US Navy nuclear submarines in the Arctic and the deployment of sea-based missile defense elements, there may be opportunities to intercept our ballistic missiles, making it possible to deliver a “disarming strike” [19].

In this regard, the modernization of the Russian underwater nuclear potential plays a big role. From 2007, boats of the 667BDRM project are equipped with new Sinev missiles, which can carry up to ten warheads and launch from under the ice, with the result that submarines will be able to remain on duty until 2030. In January, 2013 of the year the new nuclear submarine “Yury Dolgoruky” with the Bulava missiles entered the Navy. In total, eight such ships for the Northern and Pacific fleets are planned to be built before the 2020 of the year.

For the needs of the Northern Fleet, the Arctic Center for Material and Technical Support was established in 2012, which supplies ships, engineering units and vehicles, as well as maintenance facilities, technical supply bases, fuel depots and other units in the Murmansk and Arkhangelsk regions. The personnel of the center counts at least 15 thousand people. It is about three thousand troops and more than 12 thousand representatives of civilian personnel and paramilitary security. In their daily activities, they use more than 150 support vessels of the Northern Fleet and around 1200 units of automotive and special equipment [20].

Special tasks

In view of the difficult conditions, a large-scale increase in military presence is unproductive, more effective is the strengthening of control measures over air, water, and land spaces, as well as the deployment of units to solve special tasks.


Most of the Russian armed forces in the Arctic zone are two brigades of motorized riflemen and a brigade of marines deployed in the Murmansk region. At the same time, the “Fundamentals of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the Arctic for the period up to 2020 and further perspective” envisage strengthening the coast guard and border control services, as well as organizing technical control over the straits, estuaries, and estuaries throughout the Northern Sea Route. However, in view of the difficult conditions, a massive buildup of military presence is unproductive, more effective is the strengthening of control measures over the air, water, and land spaces, as well as the deployment of units to solve special tasks.

Interestingly, in October 2013, special forces units of the RF Armed Forces carried out a number of operations on the Kola Peninsula. According to Col. Oleg Kochetkov, “special attention was paid to the conduct of hostilities in the Arctic, including in mountainous areas” [21]. The servicemen practiced survival skills in extreme conditions, camouflage and sniper war. Probably, in the coming years, two brigades will be deployed in the Arctic zone to solve the tasks of protecting military facilities and infrastructure of the Northern Sea Route [22]. In particular, in Pechenga, by the 2016, it is planned to deploy the 200-th separate motorized rifle brigade, whose servicemen are trained in a special "northern" program. This brigade will be equipped with military equipment and equipment for operations in the Arctic [23].

It is also planned to organize a permanent patrol by the coast guard forces of the space from Murmansk to Wrangel Island off the northern coast of Chukotka. At the same time, special attention will be paid to combating non-military threats - drug trafficking, poaching, illegal migration, and procedures for crossing the state border in the northern areas will be improved.

In addition, Russia will continue to fulfill its obligations under the “Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of Preparedness and Response to Sea Pollution with Oil in the Arctic”, as well as the “Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of Aviation and Maritime Search and Rescue.” To this end, the situation will be monitored regularly, including from the sea and the air.

Another difficult issue is training for work in the Arctic zone. The core of the Russian military presence in the Arctic - the Northern Fleet, will continue the campaigns of combat ships with the development of a complex of combat training activities in difficult climatic conditions and research activities in poorly known areas [24]. One of the priorities of the Russian Air Force is to increase its presence in the Arctic zone of our country, which also means training crews for operations in difficult conditions [25].

The Russian Arctic is under close foreign attention - aviation, ships and submarines of NATO countries, as well as representatives of various scientific organizations and NGOs are actively studying the Arctic space. As our presence in the region strengthens, such activity will only grow.


At the same time, the solution of the whole complex of tasks requires the improvement of human resources in the field of maritime activities in the Arctic. Training is required for work on the shelf and in the World Ocean, as well as scientific personnel and teachers for higher education, specialists in underwater technologies, LNG technologies and a number of other areas. Today, Murmansk State Technical University, the Russian State University of Oil and Gas named after I. M. Gubkin and the Vocational Technical School FSUE “Arcticmorneftegazrazvedka” [26] are engaged in training. An interesting project was the creation of the University of the Arctic in 2001, which united 136 educational and scientific institutions in Russia, Canada, Denmark, USA, Norway, Iceland, Finland and Sweden. Scientific and educational cooperation in the field of training civilian specialists may become another key to international integration in the region and serve the cause of the efficient use of its resources.

***


It is no secret that the Russian Arctic is under close foreign attention - aviation, ships and submarines of NATO countries, as well as representatives of various scientific organizations and NGOs are actively studying the Arctic space. As our presence in the region strengthens, such activity will only grow; therefore, Russian capabilities for preventing disputes and eliminating possible threats should be strengthened throughout the Northern Sea Route.


Russian-Norwegian naval exercises "Pomor-2012"


It should be noted that the Russian programs to modernize the armed forces and increase the military presence in the Arctic zone are not directed against any of the states in the region, although our foreign partners have similar concerns.

Thus, the Norwegian politician Torvald Stoltenberg speaks about the need to strengthen military cooperation between Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Iceland [27]. It is proposed to create a military group to intervene in crisis situations and conduct regular patrols of Iceland’s airspace. T. Stoltenberg considers it necessary to form a joint naval rapid reaction force, an icebreaking fleet, amphibious units, civil defense forces, cyber subunits and a satellite constellation by 2020.

The number of military exercises in the Arctic zone with the participation of foreign countries is also growing, while the activity of the United States, Canada and Denmark even exceeds the level of activity during the Cold War [28]. The Arctic states are rapidly modernizing their own armed forces, including taking into account possible solutions to problems in the region. The situation is complicated by the absence of effective international security regimes in the Arctic, as well as the increasingly active behavior of extraregional states that will support those players who will offer them the best conditions for participating in Arctic projects. Therefore, Russia will have to assume the leading role in the formation and systematization of the entire “Arctic subsystem of international relations”, using its authority, potential and competitive advantages.

It is worth quoting successful examples of cooperation in the military field. For example, in the 2011 and 2013 years, the Pomor joint naval exercises were held (the first was held in the 1994 year). During the maneuvers, special attention was paid to combating marine terrorism and measures of a search and rescue nature. Russia could extend this experience of cooperation to all interested participants, making the Arctic really a “territory of cooperation”.
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  1. AVV
    +5
    23 January 2014 12: 08
    If you want peace, get ready for war !!! It's good that you have begun to rebuild airfields, but you need to increase lanes to land strategists and Ruslans !!! Bulky goods are faster to transfer to Ruslans, and materials and equipment can be quickly replenished with these unique aircraft! !!
    1. +14
      23 January 2014 19: 04
      Do you understand construction or did you write for a rating?)
      1. -6
        23 January 2014 23: 15
        Yes, I wrote it right. I thought strategically. The question of IMPLEMENTATION is that the Olympics vacuum cleaner will end, the money back for investors will return. There is already something to build. And there will be cuts again, I think not at the same percentage, not everyone will be able to work in such conditions. Go to the north for a year, you’ll understand everything.
        1. +10
          23 January 2014 23: 45
          He served there for 6 years. I will say what I said repeatedly: there was no need to destroy the bases and garrisons that functioned perfectly in Soviet times until the dashing 90s. Now there are ruins that will be restored at an exorbitant cost. And we need to restore or we will be naked in front of a flock of thirsty to seize the tidbit. fool
          1. cros
            -3
            24 January 2014 00: 59
            And what about R.F. can counter in the Barents Sea, Komsomolets, Kursk,
            Svalbard, in the Bering Sea, in the Pacific Ocean, in the Atlantic Ocean near Senegal.
            They invested 214 billion rubles into the Sochi Olympics, then the World Cup. For whom will the costs be such a return for the taxpayer TO strengthen the defenses of RUSSIA? Kros
          2. 0
            24 January 2014 01: 57
            Quote: Lelek
            He served there for 6 years. I will say what I said repeatedly: there was no need to destroy the bases and garrisons that functioned perfectly in Soviet times until the dashing 90s. Now there are ruins that will be restored at an exorbitant cost. And we need to restore or we will be naked in front of a flock of thirsty to seize the tidbit

            You, I suspect, met the dashing 90s at a young age! Slegonets would not hurt to conduct an educational program, the board of "Gorby" and "Spruce-blue nose". True, Primakov spoils the layout a little, but not much ... (and in vain, in the future, this dude put the current president ... Of course, with all the problems of the Russian state, with its mistakes, with ... And the question is - and What would you do if you were the President of today? Alas, the situation with Kennedy is not excluded.
          3. 0
            24 January 2014 05: 58
            Yes, it’s worth fighting for such riches, and it’s worth building more than a dozen ships for them.
    2. -1
      23 January 2014 23: 09
      Do you know how much you need to spend on what you offer?
      1. commbatant
        0
        2 February 2014 19: 27
        Quote: lonely
        Do you know how much you need to spend on what you offer?


        probably knows
    3. 0
      24 January 2014 20: 48
      How much remains to be done ...
  2. +13
    23 January 2014 18: 52
    Clash of interests in the Arctic is inevitable.
    The presence of atomic icebreakers in Russia is good.

    I am not a moroman, but there is a question for specialists:
    If the remaining hulls of the 941 project are expensive and not efficiently modernized in the SSBNs and it was not possible to use them as gas carriers, then why cannot multifunctional transport ships be made of them? It will be cheaper than building new nuclear submarines of such a displacement.

    Such a boat breaks the ice in a place "unexpected" for an adversary and ...
    - landed military equipment with marines;
    or
    - Delivers SHGs, weapons, ammunition, products and equipment to a specific strategic point.
    or
    - fuyva cloud of other unexpected surprises from under the water.

    Aren't such atomic underwater "transports" needed in the Arctic ???
    1. +6
      23 January 2014 19: 10
      Quote: Aleks tv
      Aren't such atomic underwater "transports" needed in the Arctic ???

      Not moreman, and, moreover, not special. But from an engineering point of view, remaking 941 into a transporter is very difficult. The design did not initially anticipate this. It's not just a barrel (the outer case is one thing, the durable cases are another). Rugged enclosures there are 4 or 5. You just can't fit them for a landing. Instead of making ICBMs, making an airborne squad is a new, robust corps, and even not very large. About the decrease in strength characteristics is unnecessary to mention. Structurally, this is unlikely (but rather impossible) to crank.
      It's easier to build a new boat. Only such "landing" boats are navryatli expedient and effective. Easier to use surface ships and aircraft.
      It's a pity these boats, they won't even be converted into CD carriers. But this is just possible, but recognized as "inexpedient". And there are also many different points of view ...
    2. -7
      23 January 2014 19: 48
      it looks like another talker-gas ... bearer ... the icebreakers are already years old, boom hoping the program for the construction of icebreakers will be executed, no matter what ...
    3. +12
      23 January 2014 19: 49
      Quote: Aleks tv
      If the remaining hulls of the 941 project are expensive and not efficiently modernized in the SSBNs and it was not possible to use them as gas carriers, then why cannot multifunctional transport ships be made of them?

      The first project for the creation of submarine transport vessels was received by the Malachite. In 1989, Rosneft turned to Malachite with a proposal to create an underwater transport vessel. The designers of Malachite responded to the proposal of a potential customer and designed a whole family of submarines. However, the project was not implemented due to lack of funding.
      In the same 90-s there was a project involving the conversion of part of the nuclear-powered ships of the 941-th project into nuclear transport submarines. They should have been designed to transport goods from Europe to America under the ice of the Arctic. The project was developed by TsKBMT Rubin.
      TsKBMT "Rubin" has developed a project for the conversion of canned or decommissioned into the reserve TRPKSN project 941 in submarine transport vessels. Thus, the ship could, according to the developers, freely pass under the ice at great depths with a large consignment of cargo, which was very interesting to customers (in particular, Norilsk Nickel). In the 2001 year, the project was ready, but was not implemented due to lack of funding and disposal of the 3 TRPKSN of the 941 project: TK-202, TK-12 and TK-13.
      In the 90's XX century, at the request of the Ministry of Communications of the Russian Federation Central Design Bureau “Rubin”, research work was carried out to test the possibility of creating an underwater cable vessel capable of laying and repairing communication lines under the pack ice of the Arctic, as well as to develop appropriate technologies.
      As a result of studies of various variants of such a vessel, it was proposed to use submarine missile submarine cruisers of the 941, 667BDR and 949A projects withdrawn from the Russian Navy as a basis for its creation. This approach made it possible to rationally use the available equipment of these ships and count on cost recovery.
      For the specialists of TsKB MT Rubin, the development of variants of an underwater cable vessel was a new, extremely interesting and unusual work. Specialists of the Central Design Bureau MT Rubin, who took part in these works, showed their best engineering qualities and technical erudition. As a result, the existing cable management technology used on surface cable vessels has been adapted to underwater cable management. According to the results of the work, the specialists of the Central Design Bureau of MT Rubin obtained several copyright certificates.
      1. +3
        23 January 2014 20: 07
        Quote: Aleksys2
        According to the results of the work, the specialists of the Central Design Bureau of MT Rubin obtained several copyright certificates.

        Thanks for the info, namesake.
        I didn't know about "cables".
        what
        1. +1
          24 January 2014 01: 21
          I saw these du-rs at the pier ... In the pictures, their true SIZE is impossible to imagine.
          I saw them in the sea. An unforgettable experience when a can pops up 20-20 meters from the side.
          Alteration and future use projects were, yes. A lot has been written and thought up about this, but it is rarely found that they say it is cheaper to build one new one than reconstruct two existing ones.
          1. Housing. In fact, this is not one boat, but two with duplicated mechanisms and enclosed in one "light" hull. And, according to the ideas of the designers, if something happens in one part, then at least the team goes to another and has the opportunity to escape / return. If you use it as a transport, then in an emergency, the boat simply will no longer be able to stay, if not afloat, then underwater. It will be forced to surface (probability) will immediately lose its main advantage - stealth, and will most likely be destroyed along with the transferred equipment and troops on board. The economic losses are double, if not triple.
          2. Reactor. Much time has passed. Science and technology have stepped forward in terms of power per unit of displacement, maintenance and "spare parts".
          It's like repairing an old but beloved Moskvich for a certain amount, instead of adding a little bit to buy a new Kalina, which will become obsolete in 5-10 years; or start already making a new project, albeit twice as expensive, but whose resource will already be 30-40 years, like those of these "Sharks".
          Therefore, I would rather turn one into a museum, and sell the other by installments to hucksters (if the state does not know how to extract gesheft). But with the condition - to create from it a pleasure submarine airliner and ride sailors on it and not only ...

          Threat. Something rarely appeared recently submariners. I looked, there are accounts and the last visits a very long time ...

          For comparison, 941 projects on the left, 971 on the right -

          1


          Brush -

          2
      2. +2
        23 January 2014 20: 17
        one as a museum, others really for landing operations are possible, thanks for the info)
      3. +3
        23 January 2014 20: 39
        Aleksys2
        In 1989, Rosneft turned to Malachite with a proposal to create an underwater transport vessel.

        It seems that Rosneft was created in 1993, and in 1989 there was definitely the USSR Ministry of Oil and Gas Industry. Is this a veiled advertisement? laughing
        1. 0
          23 January 2014 21: 06
          Quote: zart_arn
          Is this a veiled ad?

          No (although I prefer refueling at Rosneft gas stations). About 1989 - this is from Wiki.

          The 717 project submarine is a large assault submarine-mine loader. Work on its creation was started in 1967 in the Volna Central Design Bureau under the direction of N. A. Kiselev, who had already participated in the design of transport boats 664 and 748. The technical project was ready in 1971 and provided for a three-hull structure, in the central building all the main systems, the crew and the personnel of the landing were located, and in the side - the equipment. The boat had two reactors with TZA, working on two screws in the annular channels. The length of the boat reached 190 m, and the surface displacement - 18000 t, could dive on 300 m and reach speeds of up to 18 knots. The boat could carry 252 mines in mine tubes, carry out rescue operations using underwater vehicles, carried 6 torpedo tubes and 2 30-mm artillery mounts for self-defense, was equipped with GAS Rubin. The unusual design of the boat required serious study using models, technical documentation was prepared taking into account production at the Northern Machine-Building Enterprise, however, the load on its construction of combat boats made it impossible to build a transport boat and all work on the project was minimized.
          1. 0
            23 January 2014 22: 00
            For the first time, submarine transport vessels appeared in WWII in the Reich and were intended for the transportation of highly deficient strategic cargoes. What and where is not known for certain.
            And the wiki about Rosneft is what they say http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%EE%F1%ED%E5%F4%F2%FC
      4. +1
        23 January 2014 23: 21
        As a signalman, I really see. Underwater cable layer.
    4. +1
      23 January 2014 20: 47
      Quote: Aleks tv
      Clash of interests in the Arctic is inevitable.

      A clash of interests is already going on, and in order to prevent a military clash, we must prepare for war, which is being done. For attacking a country with a weak army and navy is great for a potential adversary.
    5. Net
      Net
      +2
      23 January 2014 22: 00
      I could be wrong, but in the world only 15% of the coast is suitable for such an assault. The fact that it looks so beautiful during exercises when the BDK opens the gate leaves and armored personnel carriers rush to the shore with the marines is not very applicable. Perhaps that is why the USSR developed hovercraft.
    6. +1
      24 January 2014 06: 04
      Such a boat breaks the ice in a place "unexpected" for an adversary and ...
      - landed military equipment with marines; wassat das east fiction ... laughing
  3. Salamander
    +8
    23 January 2014 18: 57
    Well done! Keep it up! Arctic to Russia! This is a "gold mine" - both in the economy and in the military sphere. And the US would VERY like to get its hands on the Arctic. You just need a reason ...
  4. +9
    23 January 2014 19: 09
    I do not consider myself to be supporters of Putin, but if he acts like in the Arctic, I admit that I am not a good person. If only this was done in the interests of the people and the country, and not close grabbers.
    1. +1
      23 January 2014 21: 19
      Quote: invisible
      If only this was done in the interests of the people and the country, and not close grabbers.


      Sometimes a coincidence of interests is good for business ...
  5. +3
    23 January 2014 19: 13
    smiled quote .. "It is also planned to organize constant patrols by the coast guard of the space from Murmansk to Wrangel Island off the northern coast of Chukotka. At the same time, special attention will be paid to combating non-military threats - drug trafficking, poaching, illegal migration, procedures for passing the state border will be improved in the northern areas. " my friend served in the Special Arctic Border Detachment immediately after the collapse of the Union in Amderma (then fighters were also based there). according to him, in the entire history of the detachment of attempts to violate the border, it was from the power of steam (I'm not talking about air) and in one case it was greenpeace ... I don't think that even now Pakistanis, Albanians and other Mexicans will rush to illegally migrate in this way to Dudinka .. .) we will assume that we have not guessed anything ..)
    1. +6
      23 January 2014 19: 49
      Quote: max73
      smiled quote .. "It is also planned to organize constant patrols by the coast guard of the space from Murmansk to Wrangel Island off the northern coast of Chukotka. At the same time, special attention will be paid to combating non-military threats - drug trafficking, poaching, illegal migration, procedures for passing the state border will be improved in the northern areas. "

      She smiled at me too, but on the other hand - what is not an excuse to patrol there, control there? AND? Or it was necessary to write in plain text: "In order to avoid the presence of foreign forces and other welds wishing to profit from the Arctic shelves, the Russian government decided to launch reinforced patrols. It was necessary? smile
      1. -3
        23 January 2014 20: 01
        Well, I prescribed: we will assume that we haven’t guessed anything ..)
      2. +1
        23 January 2014 21: 24
        Quote: Alexej
        She smiled at me too, but on the other hand - what is not an excuse to patrol there, control there? AND? Or it was necessary to write in plain text: "In order to avoid the presence of foreign forces,

        Right! The Americans agreed to such a nonsense phrase as "humanitarian bombing" when they destroyed Libya, just not to call a spade a spade ...
      3. 0
        23 January 2014 23: 33
        Well, we can agree with this, but because of the lack of real forces we can beat the show off. It’s normal to a certain limit. And then, as always, the quantity will go into quality .. This is the point of no return ..
    2. Volkhov
      +2
      23 January 2014 19: 50
      Until the 60s, weather stations on the NSR were armed - machine guns, a warehouse in the rear with weapons and food, sometimes even 75 mm guns. The boat once surfaced, crushed the frequency of the transmitter, 2 hours repaired, sent a box of cognac on a rubber boat and sailed away.
      Only 1 enthusiast wanted to shoot a cannon, but the team did not support him - there was no desire to divide the submarines into three. Then the planes, specialists (brandy poured into a canister, supposedly broken bottles), but the train left.
      In general, protection of the North is possible only by the entire population, there are simply few border guards there, but guns with machine guns under Khrushchev were taken away from the people.
      1. 0
        23 January 2014 22: 36
        Who told you such a fairy tale? Especially about the cannon? Maybe this could be at military weather stations, there weren’t civilian ones. Shotguns, carbines were, but the rest ....
        1. Volkhov
          0
          24 January 2014 02: 24
          Not a fairy tale - weather stations armed at the end of the war against German boats and until the 60s weapons remained. Even the wars were local with settlers from Vlasov - from the PPSh to the hunt.
  6. +1
    23 January 2014 19: 13
    More recently, priority in terms of equipping with new weapons, increasing combat training, etc. considered the Southern District, i.e. the southern direction. At the moment, western, eastern, northern directions have been added at the same time. That is, the buildup of forces and assets around the perimeter. Future strategic concept, or current operational environment?
    1. Volkhov
      0
      23 January 2014 19: 51
      So the Russian Federation started the war and was surrounded, and it used to be, only now, in its entirety.
    2. commbatant
      0
      2 February 2014 19: 43
      Quote: GalinaNP
      More recently, priority in terms of equipping with new weapons, increasing combat training, etc. considered the Southern District, i.e. the southern direction. At the moment, western, eastern, northern directions have been added at the same time. That is, the buildup of forces and assets around the perimeter. Future strategic concept, or current operational environment?


      understand the current political moment and instability in the world is growing ...
  7. +11
    23 January 2014 19: 26
    Once, in the good times, I served in the 64th IAP in Omsk, there was a beautiful regiment, beautiful Mig 31 aircraft and a beautiful airfield with a runway of 3000x80. So, one of the tasks when transferring the regiment to the highest levels of the BG was the redeployment of the 1st squadron to the Alykel airfield, Norilsk, as the northernmost city is known. There, by the way, the transport squadron An-12 and An-26 still stood. Every exercise was perfectly fulfilled by the task; the IA guidance points were not only in Alykel itself, but also to the north, about.Vise, about.Karaul. At such lines, the mattresses had no chance to launch TFR, the bombers simply did not reach the line of launch. And then in 1998, some sort of uk and a decided that all these are unnecessary toys and around some friends, and this regiment was gone, and the airfield in oblivion. It is necessary to restore the fact that the spotted t vari and the drunk destroyed it.
    1. 0
      23 January 2014 23: 46
      Well, they won’t accept in any way. THERE WAS A DEFENSE MINISTER,
    2. cros
      0
      24 January 2014 01: 11
      At the expense of the spotted creature and drunk, it’s not bad said.
      cross.
  8. +1
    23 January 2014 19: 36
    on Nansen in the last photo near the flying hangar-beer tent or ticket office?
    1. 0
      23 January 2014 19: 47
      Quote: Panikovsky
      beer tent or ticket office?

      Field BBQ. laughing
    2. +2
      23 January 2014 20: 25
      Sharpen beer tent, drinks lovenbrau branch)))) lol
      1. +1
        23 January 2014 21: 28
        Quote: Samaritan
        Tochnik beer tent, lovenbrow branch

        And what? Nice beer ...
        1. +2
          23 January 2014 23: 11
          And the ship is good for the Norwegians. And much more modern.
          1. +1
            24 January 2014 06: 11
            Well, so our TFR is how old ...
          2. commbatant
            0
            2 February 2014 19: 58
            Quote: lonely
            And the ship is good for the Norwegians. And much more modern.


            they didn’t have perestroika and shock therapy in the economy, that’s more modern, is it not clear what?
            compare then in 2020, the difference on the contrary will be
  9. Arh
    -2
    23 January 2014 19: 44
    Need to build a base in the Arctic! ! !
    1. commbatant
      0
      2 February 2014 20: 10
      Quote: Arh
      Need to build a base in the Arctic! ! !



      it is necessary to build naval base and PMTO along the coast and lease them to the Navy of Belarus, as if not one enemy barge will sail, instead of the Arctic brigades to form many battalions "South" and "Vostok", then there will be a glorious hunt in the former Soviet Arctic, Canada in a week abandon the Lomonosov ridge ...
  10. mad
    +2
    23 January 2014 19: 46
    Quote: Salamander
    Well done! Keep it up! Arctic to Russia! This is a "gold mine" - both in the economy and in the military sphere. And the US would VERY like to get its hands on the Arctic. You just need a reason ...

    Raking is not difficult, the main thing is to keep it. Too many predators grind their teeth on this territory ... even Siberia (!!!) has been declared a universal storeroom of all mankind. If it weren’t for nuclear weapons, we would have long ago pulled the pantry (
    1. +1
      23 January 2014 21: 34
      Quote: mad
      over there even Siberia (!!!) was declared a universal storeroom of all mankind.

      And we will declare Texas and Alaska common property ...
      1. 0
        23 January 2014 22: 50
        Quote: Nick
        And we will declare Texas and Alaska common property ...

        No no! Texas is common, and Alaska is ours, Russian. So fair.
        1. +1
          24 January 2014 06: 16
          Texas, by the way, is still at war with the United States, the peace treaty has not been signed to this day, it seems ... but as a test site it is quite suitable! And Alaska is so ours, you just need to find an agreement and terminate it! here is a job for lawyers, you don’t want to defend any "pusek", it would be better to start doing business ... wassat
    2. 0
      24 January 2014 09: 26
      These "common people" plundered and depleted all their natural resources, as well as colonies in Africa and Asia, and now they have invented a myth about a "common human storeroom". Something is not recalled of a case when this pack would declare at least something "common human property" on your territory (perhaps LGBT)! And it's time for you "good gentlemen" to hack to death: yes, there is a lot in Russia, but not about your honor. A very correct decision to strengthen the Russian Arctic and timely. (and I will remind you that The Americans have reserved their oil reserves for the future and are clearly not going to declare them "universal." It must be remembered that this public understands only strength and nothing more: while Russia was "on its knees", what they did to Yugoslavia, Iraq, Libya, but when we got to our feet a little and what about Syria? Keep it up! Let's strengthen the northern borders of Russia!
  11. 0
    23 January 2014 19: 58
    Well, we don’t get used to freezing snot, unlike everyone else, there are a lot of reserves there, although they are all over the north from the polar Urals to Chukotka, it’s just expensive to develop the North.
    1. 0
      23 January 2014 21: 43

      How do you tell geologists to believe or politicians? Some say that oil (in Western Siberia) will last for 20 years, while others for 200 years. All this reasoning is not easy, so the Arctic shelf is needed, because of this, all the cheese is boron. We ourselves live in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and we understand that "the further into the forest, the thicker the guerrillas", therefore, as resources are depleted here, everything moves further north. Of course, there will be many problems, but there is nowhere to go ...
  12. +1
    23 January 2014 20: 40
    It is necessary to interest Russians in something very much so that they populate the north, so that they "live there and reproduce." First of all, we need to create jobs, it cannot be that there is nothing to do in the North.
  13. 0
    23 January 2014 20: 54
    All is well, there are a lot of plans, but what about the staff? Over the past 10 years, our education has slipped to
    skirting boards thanks to the efforts of Fursenko. In the West, education is carried out according to the Soviet system, i.e. the main emphasis is on basic subjects: mathematics, physics, chemistry and other fundamental ones. Moreover, they have two schools, for
    retarded exam, for advanced exams. We took the first system and already rolled back to the position of retarded
    countries / 30th place in the world /. Having abandoned the Soviet system of education, we produce ignoramus!
    So, we can only dream about any achievements, and even more so, the development of the North, if we do not come to our senses!
  14. 0
    23 January 2014 21: 02
    You can put a minus, but explain to me why you need so many icebreakers?
    1. -1
      23 January 2014 21: 30
      This is elementary Watson, at the North Pole, ice !!! Ordinary ships will not pass there.
    2. 0
      23 January 2014 21: 58
      Break the ice and lay the channel for the passage of cargo ships! And there will never be many icebreakers in the Arctic. Everyone will find a job!
  15. Arh
    0
    23 January 2014 21: 09
    hey hell backing tracks unreasonable))) tongue wassat bully
  16. 0
    23 January 2014 21: 11
    Returning to the Arctic is imperative. This is required by the military-strategic and economic interests of Russia. First thing you need to restore RSA (Task Force in the Arctic). At the first stage, before the size and structure of the times of the Soviet Union. So far, the first steps are being taken to revive the operational group. It is necessary to continue this extremely important matter.
  17. 0
    23 January 2014 21: 21
    About five years ago I wrote a comment that the closure of the military airfields of Alykel and Amderma is wrong! Now everyone wants to recover. It is gratifying of course, but after all there were abandoned towns with all the infrastructure, and whether it will be possible to restore it is a big question. All the same, our former leaders were wise, and looked into our future, they did not build palaces for themselves.
    1. 0
      23 January 2014 22: 39
      In Amderm, they slowly began to rebuild. Now there is a public institution. The restoration of Amderma Airport is included in the state program for the development of the NSR.
  18. 0
    23 January 2014 21: 23
    The Arctic is our future and the future of our children, everything else is a liberal booth.
  19. -1
    23 January 2014 21: 33
    Quote: Good
    This is elementary Watson, at the North Pole, ice !!! Ordinary ships will not pass there.

    Yes, the ordinary will not work, which is why they are icebreakers, but why are there so many of them?
    1. 0
      23 January 2014 22: 01
      In ... got it.
      1. 0
        23 January 2014 22: 56
        Well, actually what I was talking about, dear, I am not against icebreakers per se, even for, but explain to me why such a quantitative need is justified. If it’s clear that there are about so many aircraft needed, there are so many destroyers, and in these cases the number is justified, then in the case of icebreakers I don’t see this, therefore I ask
        1. 0
          24 January 2014 01: 44
          Quote: ars_pro
          what justifies such a quantitative need.

          Example. And what is the reason for such an amount of driving and motorcycle rickshaws in the cities of Vietnam? Where can I use the bus.
          And you can go and walk.
          It is written after all that FOR WIRING COMMERCIAL VESSELS. And in order to minimize risks of losing cargo under unexpectedly changed conditions of navigation.
          The Kitays were equipped with a caravan to Europe, but until they are sure that the cargo will reach the place of unloading, not a single vessel has departed from the pier.
          Easier. For the state to earn money on this, and not give it to someone else.
  20. -1
    23 January 2014 22: 01
    What a strange set of useless, unsystematic, unnecessary information about our theoretical and virtual presence in the region. The feeling that the person writing is either not quite sure what he is writing, i.e. is not an expert in the matter, or writes all this, because it should be so ...
  21. UVB
    0
    23 January 2014 22: 08
    It is possible that three more ships, the Admiral Lazarev, Admiral Nakhimov, and Admiral Ushakov, can join the Peter the Great nuclear-powered cruiser within ten years.
    It would be great, but, alas, this is unlikely to come true, it is unlikely that even the three Orlans will be back in the ranks. Only a couple is real.
  22. +1
    23 January 2014 23: 32
    In Soviet times, this region was reliably protected. The fact that everything is back to square one is good news.
  23. 120352
    +2
    23 January 2014 23: 51
    I was directly and directly related to the Arctic in the period from 1974 to 2007, i.e. 33 years. Before the appearance of Gaidar's economy, the Arctic was reliably covered from all sides by our armed forces. With the beginning of "reforms" = devastation and destruction of our Arctic, the Air Force left Anadyr. Unfortunately. in Pevek and Cape Schmidt there was nothing serious in this respect. In b. Providence and along the coast (300 kilometers in each direction) there was a powerful garrison left over from the war times, when Rokossovsky's army was transferred to these regions, consisting of missilemen, anti-aircraft gunners, tankers, signalmen, radar, air force and part of the Pacific Fleet. Now there is none of this! This is the result of the activities of the schizophrenic Gaidar and the drunkard Yeltsin. If the Americans want, today they can easily, without resistance from our side, cross the Bering Strait by any force and begin to move westward to the Urals. They will not meet serious obstacles. The problem is more than urgent! The Arctic needs to be provided with the Armed Forces as soon as possible, if we are not late yet. Otherwise, we will lose all of Russia, not to mention the Northern Sea Route.
    1. +6
      24 January 2014 06: 11
      It is necessary to protect not only the Arctic, but also the rest of the territory from the Kuril Islands to Kaliningrad !!!
  24. 0
    24 January 2014 05: 54
    Interestingly, what about Antarctica that is silent? There are also many sweets there. No matter how they intercepted her .......
    1. 0
      24 January 2014 07: 24
      more difficult with Antarctica - there are more applicants + some other factors unknown to mere mortals
  25. 0
    24 January 2014 06: 03
    Quote: bot.su
    Quote: Nick
    And we will declare Texas and Alaska common property ...

    No no! Texas is common, and Alaska is ours, Russian. So fair.

    Let’s do it without hatred. ;) In the United States, many children from almost 4 years old learn to handle firearms. Shooting competitions were shown on TV - 9-year-old children are on a par with adults.
    1. 0
      24 January 2014 11: 51
      Let them prove that with their little patriots patriots can defend democracy. From tanks and MLRS.
  26. 0
    24 January 2014 06: 21
    Yes, who is against it? We are waiting ... even though we live in ANAPA
  27. 0
    24 January 2014 07: 22
    hmm ... how is the Arktika icebreaker doing with us? Something has not been heard about him for a long time
  28. 0
    24 January 2014 15: 39
    The use of nuclear submarines for the transport of commercial cargo such as oil or ore is impractical. According to ITAR-TASS, this was stated by Andrey Dyachkov, general director of the Rubin Central Design Bureau for Marine Engineering.
    Earlier, the Central Design Bureau considered the possibility of using nuclear missile carriers of the Typhoon type (Project 941 Akula), the largest nuclear submarines in the world, to transport ore under the ice of the Arctic. In particular, the Norilsk Nickel company was involved in the project.
    The idea of ​​transporting goods on submarines arose due to the fact that now most of the Typhoons are removed from combat duty. In total, six submarines of the Akula type were built in Russia. One of them (Dmitry Donskoy) is used to test the Bulava missile. Two more submarines were scrapped, one - scrapping began in 2008. The remaining two were put into reserve in the mid-2000s due to lack of ammunition. According to the design of the Central Design Bureau and Norilsk Nickel, civilian cargo was to be located in the missile compartments.
    Read more: http://www.arms-expo.ru/049057054050124050048050056053.html
  29. 0
    24 January 2014 15: 48
    REFERENCE: In the history of the Navy, the only case of the use of nuclear submarines for delivery to the Arctic regions is recorded. Following an agreement signed in October 1994 between the St. Petersburg Central Design Bureau for Mechanical Engineering "Rubin", the shipbuilding company "Sevmash" and a joint-stock company organized under the patronage of the command of the Northern Fleet, loaded with products and with industrial goods, the Victor-III-class multipurpose nuclear submarine (project 671 RTM) delivered the cargo to the port of Kharasavey on the Yamal Peninsula. Financed an unusual campaign of the combat submarine "Gazprom" and several other enterprises of oil producers. This experiment, carried out in August 1995, was considered successful and was taken as the basis for the further development of the project to create an underwater transport system.
    Having financed the pilot "Victor III" cruise in 1995, "Gazprom" and a number of other enterprises of the oil production complex of Russia promised to allocate funds for the modernization of two other nuclear submarines that are idle in reserve. It was assumed that after 6 months after the repair, the submarines will be ready for commercial flights. But a year has passed, and the money has not arrived. Gazprom's management managed to cool down on the idea, saying that the company was not interested in investing in projects that could only bring profit in the future.
  30. +1
    24 January 2014 16: 09
    Russia will not be able to create an Arctic military contingent earlier than in five years. This was announced on January 23 at a round table by the first deputy chairman of the Federation Council Committee on Defense Nikolai Fedoryak. Experts point out that a large army is not needed in the northern latitudes of Russia. “We do not have a single warship that can carry out combat operations in ice conditions. Canada has such ships, Denmark is already launching a second ship, which can itself conduct hostilities in these areas. Therefore, to say that we are increasing the pace, I would not, we are taking adequate measures so that we do not miss what we had, "he explained.
    A new connection in the Arctic will be created not only to deter foreign armies. According to experts, on its basis it will be possible to restore border control and create emergency rescue centers that will help civilian ships stuck in the ice. The decree on the creation of military units in the Arctic in the 2014 year, Vladimir Putin signed in December 2013 year. Later, the Minister of Defense Sergey Shoigu instructed to deal with this General Staff. So far, the ministry plans to restore seven military airfields in the North Pole area.
  31. 0
    24 January 2014 17: 40
    Gentlemen!
    I read the comments and don’t be offended, but the impression is that they started smoking and thumping from last night, and haven’t stopped now. drinks wassat
  32. 0
    25 January 2014 22: 49
    At the end of December, the General Director of the State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom S.V. Kiriyenko signed an order to restore the nuclear lighter carrier-container ship Sevmorput. The unique vessel will start operating again in February 2016.
    The tasks before the nuclear-powered lighter carrier will be commercial ones as well. This is the traditional supply of the Northern delivery and new projects, such as participation in the development of the shelf and the development of the Pavlovsk lead-zinc ore deposit on Novaya Zemlya. A task also arises in the line of the Ministry of Defense - ensuring the deployment of the presence of military groups in the Arctic, restoring the infrastructure of the airfields and ports of the Novosibirsk Islands, Franz Joseph Land and other areas of the Far North. Currently, repair work is underway related to the restoration of the vessel. For commissioning of the Northern Sea Route, it is necessary to repair the vessel to the Register class, perform work to extend the life of the nuclear power plant, and purchase and load a set of nuclear fuel. The term for the above work is 1,5 years.
    Let us remind you that the nuclear-powered lighter-carrying container ship "Sevmorput" is the only icebreaker-transport vessel in Russia with a nuclear power plant. It was built at the Kerch shipyard "Zaliv" named after B.E. Butoma in the period from 01.06.82 to 31.12.88. Since the raising of the flag and the start of work, the Sevmorput lighter carrier has covered 302 miles and transported more than 000 million tons of cargo. In total, the vessel can take on board 1,5 lighters with a carrying capacity of 74 tons or 300 twenty-foot containers. In accordance with the order of the State Atomic Energy Corporation "Rosatom" dated 1328, the nuclear installation was to be brought into a final shutdown mode. Now these works are suspended.
    On the Yamal Peninsula a / p "Sabetta" was put into operation, the strip allows to receive all types of passenger and transport aircraft. Construction of the a / p was led by "Gazprom". In Khatanga and Alykel, the stripes are functioning properly, they allow accepting all types up to strategists, so all is not lost.
  33. 0
    25 January 2014 22: 52
    And here's another interesting info:
    Chukotka’s sea hypericum Vasily Tatatai and Stanislav Taen, members of the Volunteer People’s Squad of the FSB Frontier Administration for the ChAO, discovered and removed from the water two beacons of foreign origin. This was reported today by the press service of the Border Administration for the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug.
    Despite the adverse weather conditions, the hunters delivered and handed over to the border guards samples of beacons supposedly used by foreign countries to monitor the situation in the marine area of ​​the Chukchi Sea. For the initiative and active citizenship, the leadership of the Border Guard Administration sent a motion to encourage the seizure of fisheries.
    According to the military department, this is the third find of beacons by sea hunters in the Chukotka region. The first was discovered in early September on the coast in 30 km from the village of Neshkan. A second device for transmitting data via satellite was discovered near the village of Enurmino.
    This year, thanks to the vigilance of the Chukchi combatants of the Border Administration, more than 20 violations of border legislation were recorded. Achieving significant results in this direction is ensured through close cooperation of the Border Management with the Association of Indigenous Peoples of Chukotka and the Union of Sea Hypericum Chukotka.
    Source: Arctic-Info
  34. commbatant
    0
    2 February 2014 20: 31
    good article however
    http://vpk-news.ru/articles/18646

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