Jacob Tryapitsyn: In Memory of a Slandered Red Partisan (Part of 2)
And he led a speech against his commander (read "betrayal"), the former head of the Sakhalin police Andreev.
About him, too, is to say more. Fortunately, Fufygin managed to gather some information. So, get acquainted:
On the eve of the occupation of the fortress and the city by the Japanese, the guns of the fortress were put into disrepair by hiding gun locks in a safe place. When in October 1918, the city was captured by the Japanese, continued to engage in fishing, maintained an illegal connection with the Bolshevik underground.
After the capture (and perhaps more correctly - “liberation”?) Of the fortress Chnyrrakh by partisans in February 1920, under his leadership, the guns were put on alert and took part in the shelling of the city, which forced the Japanese to enter into negotiations with the partisans and, eventually, to let in them to the city.
And immediately clarify something. Even after graduating from the officers' school, Andreev received the rank of mediator-ensign. There was such a rank in the pre-revolutionary Russian army from 1907 to 1917. The designation is a wide strip in the middle of a shoulder strap with an asterisk in the upper third. This order, unlike the ensign itself, was not an officer (it can be very conditionally compared with the rank of ensign in the modern Russian army)! Those. After serving in the army 10-12 for years and being accepted into a military school, he could not finish it with an officer's rank. What, you see, is not the best way to characterize his mental abilities.
By the way, a curious detail, Fufigin found a photograph of Andreev 1916. So, on it is Andreev in the shoulder straps of ensign, but not the ensign-ensign! For the title below. The question arises: why? Indeed, it follows from what has been said that he received the rank of ensign ensign in 1914. Anyway...
Further, Fufygin writes, they say, Andreev "understood the destructiveness of the behavior of the Lower Amur dictator." That's why he led the conspiracy to overthrow him.
For some reason, after getting acquainted with all the events described above, it only occurred to me that Andreev’s motives were far from noble. I propose to compare the facts we have.
On the one hand, the young (23 of the year), the successful and undoubtedly gifted commander Yakov Tryapitsyn. For a year in war, the Cross of St. George (albeit one) and the officer’s rank. From a small detachment formed a real army, without serious losses took the city. He managed to keep him, and when it was required to save people, he left in time. Glitter, and more!
On the other - not the first freshness (36 years) non-commissioned Ivan Ivan Andreev. I could not become an officer, despite all attempts. In Civic served, of course, an important service, retaining the serf artillery, as they say, hiding it from the enemy. But can his act go at least to some comparison with what Tryapitsyn had done for Soviet power by that time ?!
In general, I have a suspicion that the ORIENT ANALY was the real reason for making Andreev go against his commander!
It must be said that the plot was not forged overnight. Andreev chose the most opportune moment when people were exhausted by a long retreat, which, as is well known, demoralizes any, even the most efficient army. In addition, there was always a shortage of food.
Moreover, such an excuse as Tryapitsyn's “anarchism” and the “anti-Soviet activity” of his fighting girlfriend (part-time chief of staff) maximalist somaker Nina Lebedeva-Kiyashko (Tryapitsyn's “anarchism” a bit more later) was used. Andreev, as we remember, “stood on the platform of the Bolsheviks” and, with the right approach, could not only destroy the “young and early” commander, but also get into his own hands the army he had already formed (which will happen, as we shall see later). Blaming the commander for “counter-revolutionary”, the conspirator somehow managed to overcome the fact that in the entourage of the “anarchist” Tryapitsyn there was a real Bolshevik (and not “standing on the platform”) Fedor Zhelezin (he was also beaten).
Well, if the commander from Andreev did not work out, then he would not have to occupy the skills of an intriguer. At the time of his arrest, Tryapitsyn did not even understand what had happened. He thought that he was dealing with ordinary discontent of exhausted fighters, which had happened before, and with which he successfully coped.
The arrest was to produce a special group of seven people. They arrived on the steamer of the Commander "Amgunets", showed him a packet with wax seals, and while he was examining it, they went to Tryapitsyn's cabin. Knocked, Jacob quietly opened the door.
And he saw the revolvers aimed at him. A statement was made that he was arrested. Tryapitsyn accepted the message with a grin: “This is not my first time. Who raised a riot? Quite a joke! ”Realizing that resistance was useless, he calmly surrendered his Mauser.
The insurgents did not dare to kill the commander, so they organized a court. As Fufygin writes:
The next day, by order of the commander of the troops Andreev (!!!), it was decided to supplement the composition of the people's court with representatives from all citizens, namely: one delegate from every 25 (twenty-five) people, both from fellow partisans and from all other civilians ...
In total, 103 was elected as a member of the people's court - hence the mention in all sources of the "103's court".
Famously, is not it? And how significant is Andreev’s desire to “dissolve” his responsibility. So that, with a “clear conscience,” I say, it’s not me, but the people who decided.
The sentence of this "court" and the execution of Tryapitsyn in all colors are described in Smolyak, we read:
The convoy platoon commander, Peter Prikhodko, abruptly commands: “A convoy, step aside!” Opposite the prisoners, with a raised weapon, the platoon of the former gunners prepared for firing.
Everyone froze. The silence of the night was broken by a piercing cry: “Long live the world revolution! Long live the Soviet power! .. "
The command “Platoon, pli!” Interrupts the cry of Fyodor Zhelezina. The convicts fell into the pit, all but Tryapitsyna. He only staggered after the volley, but then straightened again. For a moment everyone was numb. He bends down and picks up the lifeless body of Nina Lebedeva. “Shoot!” - no longer commands, but Prikhodko shouts. Indiscriminate shooting began in Tryapitsyna, but he continues to stand with Lebedeva’s body in her hands. Prikhodko runs up to him and empties the gun at close range. Tryapitsyn slowly falls into the pit, not letting Lebedev out of his hands. Even dead, he did not want to let her go on his own. And she for this loyalty gave him a few moments of life, taking on the bullets of former comrades in arms.
And indeed a rare loyalty! And to this we add that the wife and chief of staff of Tryapitsyna, Nina Lebedeva, was four months pregnant on the day of the shooting!
A little about the "anarchism" Tryapitsyna and his fighting girlfriend
Since some so obstinately accuse Tryapitsyn of “indiscipline”, stubbornly calling him “anarchist,” we will devote a couple of words to this.
For example, Fufygin writes about it like this:
But in the book Smolyak there is one curious passage from the memories of the former Far Eastern partisan:
In other words, Tryapitsyn’s tendency toward “anarchism” was approximately at the same level as “standing on the platform of the Bolsheviks” by Andreev. Everything is only at the level of personal preferences, not party affiliation. This is probably why Tryapitsyna is also called an “anarchist individualist”.
Nina Lebedeva and Jacob Tryapitsyn
Another thing - his fighting girlfriend Nina Lebedeva. She really was an “experienced experience”. Smolyak gives the following brief information on it:
- Born (presumably) in 1895 year in the Penza province, where she spent her childhood and studied at the gymnasium. From a young age she linked her fate with the party of social revolutionaries. For participation in the attempt on the Penza governor in 1914, she was sentenced to penal servitude with deprivation of all rights and sent to Siberia. In Akatuya, the famous Nerchinsk penal servitude, the link was served along with Maria Spiridonova, the leader of the left-wing Socialist-Revolutionary Party, and Fani Kaplan, who attempted to kill V. Lenin in August 1918.
After the February Revolution, Lebedev was one of the organizers of the Chita union of maximalists, secretary of the city council of workers' deputies.
From Semenov's gangs, she fled to Blagoveshchensk, then to Khabarovsk, where she was secretary of an underground organization, and maintained contact with the partisans.
Well, so what from that ?! Did her party affiliation prevent her from honestly fighting for the cause of Soviet power? And once again we recall that in the Far East after 1920, the Civil War had already turned into a war with foreign invaders-Japanese, when party affiliation was completely irrelevant.
In general, I want to emphasize once again that the accusations of Tryapitsyna and his girlfriend of "counter-revolutionary" are purely contrived.
If anything in this sense could be blamed for Tryapitsyna, it is because he did not support the idea of creating a buffer state of the Far Eastern Republic.
Conspirator's fate
I mean it was not planned by me to describe the further fate of Andreev, who treacherously removed his commander from the road, because the article is not about him, but about Tryapitsyn. But, reading the book Smolyak, the letter of one participant of those distant events rushed into the eyes of another, here it is:
“I received your letter and was surprised: do you really not know that Andreev was a Japanese envoy?
Yes, I personally myself and many Sakhalin people know and saw Andreev. Yes, it was he who shot Tryapitsyna and after that with honor was brought by the Japanese to Aleksandrovsk (Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinsky) and lived in the outhouse with millionaire Petrovsky under the protection of Japanese bayonets. Andreev was revered by the Japanese as well as their national heroes. Was in 1925, taken away by the Japanese. His further fate is unknown to me. ”
You understand that such words could not leave me indifferent. Became what is called "dig" further. And excavated ...
Looking ahead, his fate is very instructive. In the sense that for everything in this world, sooner or later, you have to pay.
By order No. 40 of 22.08.1920, the commander of the troops, Andreev I.T. declared himself subordinate to the command of all armed forces DVR20. Soon the partisan army was disbanded and joined the 19 Siberian Rifle Regiment, which was redeployed to the city of Svobodny (they did not give long orders to Andreev).
Freed from his post, Ivan Tikhonovich Andreev went to the city of Blagoveshchensk, where the government was (FER), to report on the Kerbin events.
Irina Vasilievna - the wife of Andreeva I. T., in her autobiography, written in February 1946 in Shanghai, when applying for her restoration in the citizenship of the RSFSR, wrote that “by order from Blagoveshchensk, the husband was appointed head of the artillery depots in Novo-Alekseevsk ( Free). Soon he was transferred to the village of Mariinsk, because in Novo-Alekseevsk, he was twice assassinated as revenge for the arrest of Tryapitsyn. ”
After the execution of Tryapitsyn and his associates, several attempts were made on Andreev, and his life was constantly in danger.
As the eldest son of Andreev recalls, Aleksey Ivanovich:
It is known that Andreev insisted on leaving for Khabarovsk, where he hoped to find his family, his request was supported in the Amur regional committee, and in the summer of 1922, he was assigned to the village of Mariinskoe-on-Amur as the chairman of the executive committee and the military commander of the so-called demarcation line with the Japanese, held in the village of Mariinsky.
Irina Smyshlyaeva then told her children that her grandfather took the initiative and moved her to Sakhalin with children in order to save her family from the attempts of Tryapitsyn's comrades in arms, and there were good reasons for that.
Thus, having found a family, Ivan Tikhonovich was on the territory of Sakhalin Island occupied by Japanese troops, and for a long time.
After arriving in Sakhalin, the family lived for a short time with the relatives of the grandfather in the city of Aleksandrovsk, and then moved to the village of Rykovskoye, lived there in the apartment of a peasant, and then moved to the People’s House.
On Sakhalin, Andreev lived almost three years before the Japanese evacuated in January 1925. 9 January 1924, the fourth son, Valentine, was born into the Andreevs family. Andreev thought it impossible to return to Russia (see, too many in the Far East respected Tryapitsyn), and therefore became an emigrant - the family moved to China, where for a long time she lived in a Russian colony in Shanghai. Life in China was difficult and joyless, unable to endure life in a foreign land, Andreev ended his life journey in 1933.
Remaining in a foreign land, Irina Vasilyevna dreamed of returning home with her children, which she had to leave during the tragic years of the Civil War, and such an opportunity was presented after the end of World War II.
Irina Vasilyevna and her children Alexei, Valentin and Mikhail, who, after filing their applications for restoring RSFSR citizenship to the USSR General Consulate in Japan, returned to 1947 at the call of their hearts in the Soviet Union, they had a tragic fate.
The joy of returning to their homeland was overshadowed by the fact that they were not allowed to live on the Amur River, next to their relatives, but were sent to work in the city of Sverdlovsk for a steam engine repair plant.
A few years later, Alexey and Valentine were convicted on 25 years as “American spies” (now it is difficult to say whether it is deserved or not). Ironically, in prison, they were located near the places where they would like to live, returning to their homeland after a long separation. The death of Stalin and the subsequent amnesty gave them the opportunity to return from the Siberian camps, to the city of Rostov-on-Don, to their expecting mother.
As is often the case, the children responded in full to the father’s actions ...
- Vladimir Glybin
- Jacob Tryapitsyn: In Memory of a Slandered Red Partisan (Part of 1)
Jacob Tryapitsyn: In Memory of a Slandered Red Partisan (Part of 2)
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