Tupolev was able to build airplanes, and Stalin - Tupolev
Rudeness - the lot and the way of self-assertion of nonentities. For 25 years of freedom to reprove our past, they invented Stalin the nickname Sralin - and this exhausted all his creative reserves.But anyone who bears the name of homo sapiens is not formal, Stalin is struck by the immensity of his nature and the gift of the greatest seer. All our weapon victories - from Molotov cocktails to Katyushas and fighters - were selected by him personally and turned out to be the most effective. It’s now, in hindsight, it’s easy to say that against the best tank The 2nd World T-34 huge five-tower "Tukhachevsky tank" - bullshit. But in the late 1930s, the choice between the front door, which caused pride for the country with its colossus and nonsense with just one gun, was terribly difficult. After all, something can be fixed later, when hundreds of factories are already tuned to one and not the other, it is impossible: the price of any mistake was death. And Stalin didn’t allow such a thing - unlike his current detractors, who had never hit the target!
In addition to the armory, he had the greatest instincts in the field of science and art. Tupolev, Korolev, Kapitsa, Kurchatov, Shostakovich, Bulgakov and dozens of other world-famous names are all his creatures. His work “Marxism and Questions of Linguistics” is still one of the best in its field; it is taught by philological students, although Stalin was never a philologist. But refuting the vulgar class theory of Academician Marr, dozez, according to his custom, to the bottom of the subject and made fundamental linguistic generalizations.
But perhaps the most long-term contribution of Stalin to our defense is the missile carrier Tu-95, which still threatens our opponents. The prehistory of the construction of this wonderful plane is as follows. When large-scale work on the creation of an atomic bomb began in 1945 in the USSR, Stalin immediately attended to the issue of its delivery. There are no bombs yet, she will appear with us only in 49, but his far-sighted eyes are already looking for what a plane should be to her.
After weighing and weighing everything, he calls Tupolev and sets him the task: to copy the American B-29, which was produced from 1943, and in 45, dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. At our disposal there were three such aircraft, with them, and it was necessary to blind their own. Tupolev, already recognized as the leader of the aircraft industry, who most could not bear to walk in a strange tail, was against it. A pier in the USSR is not adapted to American standards of production, and it is easier to build your original aircraft, which has already been designed. But Stalin is adamant: "So, it is necessary to create such production ..."
The replica plane, named Tu-4, went into the series as early as 47, and in the end Tupolev was forced to admit that Stalin was right. A huge work on modernization in two years led the aircraft industry of the post-war country to the most advanced world frontiers. But as it soon became clear, Stalin looked even further, and he needed the copying project only as a start to other, inconceivable then heights - which, by the way, today seem to be still inconceivable.
The Tu-4 had a range of 5,5 thousand km and, with the arms race started by the USA and the anti-Soviet NATO block they created in the 49, they could not fully protect us from their nuclear threat. And in 51, Stalin proposes that Tupolev create his own, unparalleled bomber ship with a flight range of 15 thousand km and a bomb load of 20 tons. For all his designer courage, Tupolev was stunned at first: this is unthinkable, this has not happened anywhere else! But Stalin pierces him with his muscular gaze: “Think, Comrade Tupolev. You are a good designer, the best in the USSR! And all that is needed for such an aircraft, the Soviet industry will provide you. "
And after two months, the plans of the super-airplane fall on Stalin's table - and then the incomprehensible mind of today's mind is going to follow. Already in 1952, the first Tu-95, an unprecedented, fundamentally new car with a revolutionary turboprop at that time, soars into the sky. Just to compare: our today's Superjet, in which there is nothing new, 6 was built for years, as many others were tested - and the world was amazed at the darkness of the money that was ditching it. And the Tu-95 was put into operation only 4 years after the bookmark - and already nearly 60 serves for years, it can deliver the largest nuclear charge to any part of the world, its lifespan is recognized as unlimited.
In 50, this “gift of Stalin to America” caused a shock in the States, where it was simultaneously built, in a completely different way, approximately equal to the jet bomber B-52. But then we were the most affected country in the recent war, and the USA was the most successful and prosperous country in it. And suddenly this grimy, burnt-down Russia almost gives such a breakthrough! Hatred of it to Stalin is shaking the States so far - and will apparently shake while this long-range bomber flies, killing all hope of our capture.
But almost even more shook America Khrushchev arrives there in 59-m on the civilian analogue of this tank Tu-114. For the giant plane, marveling at the crowds, there was not even an equal ladder - and our leader could look at this dumbfounded American for several extra minutes ...
I can also imagine what our pilots experienced in 52, who were flying yesterday to the plywood “La” and “corncobers”, at the sight of the deafening Tu-95, which is still taking aback right now. Surely it was a feeling of a real, huge miracle, participation in which even 30 years after Stalin's death forced the best sons of the nation to work wonders in military science, music, science. Today's power has killed this miracle-working in the root - the lifeless memory of which this non-wear aircraft remained.
... The great Tupolev was an extremely selfish, arrogant, self-contained person, which was his plus and minus. Such a character allowed him to break stereotypes and create brilliant cars: the world's first supersonic passenger Tu-144, the super-reliable Tu-134, the most popular Tu-154 in the USSR. And, of course, the most masterpiece - the Tu-95, which has not yet reached the ceiling for a screw machine for speed, reliability and economy. They stopped building it in 1992 — I suppose, not without pressure from the West that prevailed under Yeltsin. But this model, which was worked out and cheap in production, could be improved as we went, and we could still produce them now - just like in the USA, Boeing retirees are released. His cruise speed is like that of a Superjet, his payload is greater - if not even passenger, then the ideal cargo plane!
But this same stubborn Tupolev turned at the end of 50-x and a whole series of disasters of the world's first jet passenger Tu-104 - when he fell into a corkscrew from a height of 10 thousands of meters. Tupolev was asked to work on the construction, but he replied: “I’m never wrong, these are bad pilots.” The heroic pilot Harold Kuznetsov put the point in the fatal dispute: hitting a corkscrew and dictating the details of the fall before hitting the ground, proved that the rudder was insufficiently to blame. Only then did Tupolev admit his mistake and made a revision, after which the disasters stopped.
Working with such a hairy genius is not sugar, but Stalin was able to squeeze out of it for the benefit of the Motherland everything possible and impossible. For daring antics and embezzling public funds for his free ideas, Tupolev sat down in 37, but he got all the cards in his hands to construct in a "sharashka." And, a rare flint, not only did not put out its creative ardor during that landing, which it never offended, but also multiplied. After his release in 41, between two geniuses, organic skirmishes did not go out, but Stalin’s flint was always able to put into place Tupolev. And Tupolev, yielding to the one who saw beyond his artificial horizon, selflessly executed the Stalinist order, working on 25 hours a day - which was much more severe than any jail.
So all the Stalin descendants worked, having told Pasternak's words about their terrible, great and exciting years under Stalin: “On the blind chance of fate, I was fortunate enough to speak out completely, and what is the best in us — the artist — was not erased in my case and not trampled. "
Their harsh, but incredibly spiritualized life was close to real immortality, having happiness, already in the words of Mayakovsky, "dying, to embody in steamboats, in lines and in other long deeds".
Stalin owned the gift of the gift so to tune like Tupolev aces, that they were happy to break ground and do the most of what they could. But at the same time I left one incomprehensible, for me in any case, a riddle. How did he, with all his providence, fail to foresee the terrible cockroach battle of his companions after his death, which in the end wiped out everything he had erected? Why not attend to as reliable and unkillable as this Tu-95, the successor, who would not let him ruin his grand daring? Would you, like a merchant who devoured his securities with honey, carry everything to his grave with him? Do you imagine yourself immortal? Or, even more unlikely, relied on the saving communist chance? All this somehow does not fit in the head and does not fit in with his profile.
For all non-core assets, so to speak, he achieved complete success, recognized by even his most fiercest opponents like Churchill or Truman. Not being a techie, Tupolev set up to build the world's best airplanes; not being a musician, he brought out the music genius of Shostakovich. With the same brutal flair, he guessed future classics and Nobel laureates in Kapitsa, Sholokhov, Pasternak, Bulgakov, creating all the conditions for creativity for them ... And only in his direct cadre business he became so steadfast at the end of his life!
And I have only one guess about this. That this wagon as Leonardo da Vinci, not only a theorist, but also the strongest practitioner, grasped one terrible truth in his final: that there are simply no other equal to him. But the whole country has already managed to rely on his all-seeing eye, which, as can be seen from the archives, has corrected minor blunders on seeding turnips in Uzbekistan - and a huge nuclear project. And he, having taken upon himself such that he could not afford anyone else, simply waved his drained hand at the impossibility of repeating himself. Seeing this personnel deadlock, he did not even fight with him.
But in the end, we all became unwitting hostages of his exceptional nature. He, almost God for his contemporaries, and for others and more than God, with his success instilled in the whole nation a holy, infinite trust in the leader. And when further leaders were just not so absolute, this in-depth vaccine and killed us. All our protests of the last decades are a cry, appealing to the conscience of those simple men, fairly unscrupulous, who have taken the place of the genetically incorporated deity in us.
It is impossible to forget this genetics, as the first win at the races or roulette, leading then to the complete emptying of the pocket. To rise to his greatness, as to Christ, there is no power. And it remains only to insanely curse him or lift him up in hearts devoid of his own potency - which, incidentally, without this potency, is the same thing.
But even with all this, he, great and misunderstood, and now with this materially remaining plane from his fairy-tale era, as a kind of highly soaring shadow, protects us.
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