Is the creation of the SEC "N.E. Zhukovsky Institute" a progress, or the last nail in the coffin of the Russian aircraft industry?
Awarding CIAM Order of Lenin. 1945 year.
Points of view...
From transcript Government meetings 5 December 2013.
The main issue on the agenda is the creation of the national research center “Institute named after NE Zhukovsky”.
Dmitry Medvedev: Good afternoon, colleagues! A few words on current affairs of the important things we did. I would like to inform you that I have signed a government decree concerning the state regulation of prices for products supplied under the state defense order. We have returned to this issue several times, the President of the meeting was recently. This document should really be central to the established system of regulating prices for products on state defense order, it should now be used at all stages - the formation, placement and execution of the state defense order.
The main thing is that not only state customers and state defense contractor will take part in pricing, as it was before. Already at the stage of forming a defense order, the Ministry of Industry and Trade, Roskosmos, and the relevant positions of Rosatom, the Federal Tariff Service, which will consider defense proposals for product prices, filter them and give an opinion on the authenticity of prices offered by government customers should be connected .
I hope that such an order of state regulation of prices for products will create conditions for improving the efficiency of planning, timely placement and execution of state defense orders, while respecting the balance of interests between the customer and the supplier. Due to the preliminary determination of product prices during the formation of the state defense order, I hope there will be no grounds for the so-called price wars, which, not a secret, periodically arose between government customers and suppliers when placing orders. At the same time, we have reduced the terms for concluding government contracts that ensure the timeliness of the fulfillment of the tasks of the state defense order, which, as a result, I hope, will increase the efficiency of using budget funds allocated for these purposes. In general, the system, I hope, is optimized, so it is necessary to ensure the implementation of this resolution. This will be done by the Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of Industry and Trade, Roskosmos, and the Federal Tariff Service, and, as I said, Rosatom, but the coordination should be led by the Government and Dmitry Olegovich (Rogozin).
Now to the agenda of the Government meeting. The first question is about aviation industry. How important this is to strengthen the competitiveness of the industry, I will not particularly speak, and so everything is clear. Today we are considering a package of bills that relate to the creation of the research center "Nikolai Zhukovsky Institute." We are talking about the consolidation of domestic industry science, the development of an experimental and proving ground. We also discussed relevant proposals at various meetings, including at the MAKS air show held last August.
At the first stage, it is proposed to adopt a new federal law on the national research center “Zhukovsky Institute”, to make changes to a number of statutory documents - laws on unitary enterprises, autonomous institutions. Subsequently, the center will include leading specialized research institutes as autonomous institutions.
The founder of the new center is the Government. He will also need to approve the charter, form a supervisory board, and also approve the candidacy of the general director. As before, the state will be the customer of research works on aviation topics. Funding takes place within our large state program “Development of the aviation industry for the period up to 2025 of the year”. At the same time, the center will also be able to participate on the basis of a public-private partnership, commercialize the results of its intellectual activity. I expect that this will allow our aviation science to concentrate efforts on priorities and, of course, will ultimately ensure Russia's worthy positions both in combat and in civil aviation and, most importantly, contribute to the updating of the fleet through modern and reliable domestic aviation. technology.
We start the discussion of issues on the agenda. The draft federal law on the research center "Zhukovsky Institute" and the introduction of amendments to a number of special laws - Denis Valentinovich Manturov.
Report of the Minister of Industry and Trade Denis Manturov at a Government meeting
D. Mantur: Dear Dmitry Anatolyevich! Dear Colleagues! The creation of an aviation research center is an essential element of the implementation of the state program “Development of the aviation industry for the period up to 2025 of the year”, which is aimed at creating a modern high-tech industry, of which the scientific component is an integral part. Now we have several autonomous structures, each of which specializes in a separate field of research. Such fragmentation does not allow maximizing the existing scientific potential, since, first, the approaches to the design process itself have changed. In Soviet times, the principles of a symmetrical response were adopted for the decision to create a model of aviation technology. The technical project was formulated at the very first stage, and scientific research to achieve the specified parameters was carried out, regardless of costs, at almost any cost. Now the most effective is the system, where the base is the best of the developed technologies, as well as the results of promising research, confirmed experimentally. Only after this, the decision to create a new sample and further development work is made, which minimizes unreasonable research costs. To do this, you need to have both laboratory and test facilities.
Secondly, any aviation project is a related technological complex. For example, the emergence of composite materials has opened up new opportunities for changing all the structural elements of aircraft, so manufacturing companies need a partner in the scientific community who has a wide range of competencies for designing innovative equipment.
And finally, the third. The scale and, accordingly, the capital intensity of the scientific part of civil and military aviation projects have grown significantly, and only those structures that have great financial resources can implement them. Taking into account all these requirements, the main idea for creating a national center has become the system integration of competences in a single structure. Scientifically, we will connect the research, technological and personnel potential of key research centers specializing in aerodynamics, strength, engine-building, testing.
Combining the research and development base is actually the final stage of integration of the aviation industry, since all manufacturing sectors are already consolidated in structures such as UAC, Russian Helicopters and UEC.
I want to note that we considered different models of the development of aviation science, including integration into existing institutions with manufacturing companies, but in the end we came to the conclusion that science should be independent. This nullifies the risk that it will shut down on servicing the current needs of production, since its main task is to generate a leading scientific and technical reserve. In addition, the center is called upon to be an independent expert who will monitor global technological trends and will be able to advise companies in the aviation industry on innovative development programs.
We must accept and understand what kind of technological base we have and how far it allows us to move forward. This decision confirms the experience of other countries - leaders of the global aviation industry, in particular, the USA, Germany, France and even China, where there are similar independent state structures. You managed to meet with the leadership of most of them, Dmitry Anatolyevich, as part of an event held at MAKS. The independence of the national center will not be an obstacle to cooperation with the design offices of the combined companies. The capabilities of the Zhukovsky SIC will enable it to become a powerful design center that can also provide engineering services as part of the creation of innovative equipment samples.
In addition to the scientific component, we consolidate the financial base. Research costs are constantly increasing. In order to optimize them, in particular, our European colleagues are already implementing projects that are funded by several countries, for example, a project to create a cryogenic pipe. SIC Zhukovsky will be able to participate in international research alliances, the results of which are received by all its participants. One of the tasks of the center will also be to optimize costs by eliminating useless or duplicate research. Budget financing of research through the national center will be carried out in accordance with international practices.
I would especially like to note that the creation of the center will not entail additional costs from the federal budget. Initially, incoming organizations will be financed under state programs and federal-specific programs, and then at the expense of subsidies for the implementation of the state task, as well as revenues from the provision of services through public-private partnerships and the implementation of intellectual property rights.
Creating a center in addition to solving the tasks that I have outlined gives a number of other advantages. First of all, it will allow to achieve high coordination and controllability in the aviation science sector, provide a concentration of resources for the creation of a scientific and technical reserve in breakthrough critical technologies. The center will pursue a unified policy in the development of the scientific infrastructure and personnel potential of the industry. He will also have to implement a long-term planning system. To this end, a plan for the development of aviation science and technology will be developed on the basis of state orders. The end result of its implementation will be an increase in the number of developments already implemented in production.
A few words about the technical side of the issue. At first, when establishing the federal state budgetary institution “National Research Center”, four unitary enterprises and one state-owned enterprise will be merged. Also, changes were made to the federal laws that you mentioned, the submitted draft laws were coordinated with the Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of Economic Development, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Education and Science. The comments of the Institute of Legislation under the Government, the State Legal and Expert Administration under the President were taken into account, the approval of the Military Industrial Commission was also received.
In conclusion, I would like to say that this measure will provide an opportunity to subsequently use this experience and, accordingly, to extend it to other industries. Somewhere we already have experience - in Stankin, in machine-tool construction, you were there this year, in shipbuilding it is the Krylov State Research Center - and in other industries. The proposed changes to the regulatory framework provide such an opportunity.
Please support the bill. Thank.
Dmitry Medvedev: Thank you, Denis Valentinovich.
Now let the experts express themselves. Please Sergey Georgievich Nedoroslev.
S. Nedoroslev (Member of the Expert Council under the Government of the Russian Federation, Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Kaskol Company): Dear Dmitry Anatolyevich! Dear Colleagues! One of the key innovations of the transformation council reviewed by experts of the Government of the Russian Federation is the shift of the vector of state financial support to the aviation industry from direct subsidizing of producers to the formation of a scientific and technical reserve in a single center. At the same time, the scientific and technical reserve created at this research center, research and development center at the expense of budget funds will be available to all companies, and not only in the aviation industry, which we consider very important. This not only corresponds to the obligations of the Russian Federation in the WTO, but also contributes to a more efficient expenditure of public funds. I also note that some of the proposals submitted during expert consultations, such as the formation of a supervisory board of a research center, control over its activities and the use of scientific and technical results in the interests of developing other sectors of the economy, were taken into account by the authors of the draft law. The proposals submitted by the Ministry of Industry are generally supported by the expert community. At the same time, the expert community has formed proposals for further development after the adoption of these laws. Considering the issues on intellectual rights, including those created at the expense of the budget of the Russian Federation, which were discussed last week by experts at an open meeting of the expert council regarding the creation of an intellectual property agency under the leadership of First Deputy Prime Minister Igor Shuvalov, it is necessary to discuss practical mechanisms the involvement of the research and development results of the Zhukovsky Research Center into economic circulation, as well as practical anizmy active technology transfer in other sectors of the economy. How exactly will this happen?
It is important to ensure equal access of all companies, both private and state-owned, large and small, to intellectual property, which will be created at the expense of budget funds in this center, taking into account the current legislation. It is important to create convenient tools for organizing access to all accumulated information and transparent principles of its use. According to experts, this will open up great opportunities for the involvement in the subsequent production process and the commercialization of the developments of the research center to a wide range of companies, including small and medium-sized businesses.
Experts also, studying the issue of creating a SIC, noted that the cost of R & D and R & D in all ministries amounts to hundreds of billions of rubles; there is work that is now overlapping and duplicating. It is necessary to revise the produced and current works, it is also necessary to put all accumulated intellectual property on the account, on the balance sheet and engage in economic circulation, ensure equal access on an open basis.
We believe that these important documents should be adopted, but also subsequent documents that will follow - this is the work plan of the institute, as well as public control over it. It is necessary to ensure the openness of the procedure for reorganization and the involvement of the expert community to develop indicators of the effectiveness of the national research center being established. In general, experts support the proposed draft laws. Thanks for attention.
Dmitry Medvedev: Thank. Please colleagues, who would like to add something, any questions to ask? You are welcome.
V. Fortov: Dear Dmitry Anatolyevich! Dear Colleagues! I want to say that this decision to establish the center is more than timely, and the Academy of Sciences, of course, supports this good cause. And the point is not only that in this way it will be possible to avoid duplication, to avoid unnecessary costs when distributing to other organizations. Today, aviation faces tasks that can not be solved without the consolidation of efforts by specialists of various specialties. I will name only one of them - it is hypersonic aerodynamics, hypersonic movement. Today, devices are being made, and some of them have already been tested successfully, which fly at a speed somewhere ... the Mach number is the ratio of the speed of the body to the speed of sound at the level of 4 – 5, that is, in 4 – 5 times this speed is greater than the speed of sound . This means that in one second such a device flies over 2 – 3 km, and its speed is equal to the muzzle velocity of a cannon projectile or higher. And it gives very big advantages, but also puts tremendous tasks on complexity. For example, if the device moves at a speed somewhere 1,5 – 2 km / s, the material temperature at the edge and at the air intake becomes about 1,5 thousand degrees, in other words, it glows like a hot metal. But this material must withstand monstrous loads, it must be light, and this is a multitask, one of them.
The second problem is that in order to move at such speeds, you have to have the power of the propulsion system in 30 more. This means that you have to make completely new engines. And the problem here is that the engine of a finite size is designed so that when a stream flies at high speed, the fuel does not have time to burn, you cannot take the heat content from the fuel and transfer it to the entropy of the stream. This is also a problem that cannot be solved just like that; some cosmetic tricks fail, therefore today these works are, of course, scientific.
We are working very closely with TsAGI (Central Aero-Hydrodynamic Institute named after Professor N.Ye. Zhukovsky), this is a tradition of the Academy because, say, Keldysh (M.V. Keldysh) left TsAGI, for example, he later became our president (President of the Russian Academy of Sciences 1961-1975's). We have a program of work. We offer very, as it seems to us, effective things. This is a plasma modification of combustion processes, this is steering control (because at such speeds wing mechanization becomes very heavy, very large efforts, but if you make a plasma discharge, it gives you the ability to control the aircraft) and much, much more. Therefore, I think this is a very good and long-awaited case. Thank.
Dmitry Medvedev: Vladimir, thank you very much. We must take into account, of course. Please, colleagues, what else will be the considerations for creating a center? No more? Offer to support. Let's support this really important decision for the development of our aviation. Accepted.
AEX.RU
26 February 2013 of the year. Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev visited CIAM in the Moscow Region.
RIA News. Photo - Dmitry Astakhov
Video debates on RBC channel
between the head of the Theoretical Gas Dynamics, Numerical Methods and Mathematical Experiment Department of the Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motors - Alexander Kraiko and the Director General of TsAGI - the Central Hydrodynamic Institute - Boris Aleshin.
Help (from Wiki):
Alexander Nikolaevich Krajko (genus. 21.08.1934, Moscow) - Soviet and Russian scientist, a specialist in the field of gas dynamics and aerodynamics of high speeds.
Childhood and youth were spent in Moscow on Pyatnitskaya street. Father died on the fronts of World War II in 1942.
In 1953, he entered the Aero-Mechanical Faculty of MIPT, which he graduated from in 1959 year. Pupil G. G. Cherny
From 1959 year - in CIAM named after PI Baranov, engineer, art. engineer ved. engineer, 1969 — 1973 - Art. Researcher, 1973 — 1975 — beg. sector, with 1975 - beg. Department of Theoretical Gas Dynamics, Numerical Methods and Mathematical Experiment). Currently, the head of the department of "Theoretical gas dynamics, numerical methods and mathematical experiment."
Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (1968). Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (1973).
Since 1968, he has been teaching at the Department of Gas Dynamics, Combustion and Heat Exchange at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (since the year 1978 is a professor).
Member of the Russian National Committee on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (with 1983), full member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences.
Member of the editorial board of the journal Izvestiya RAS "Fluid and Gas Mechanics".
Research interests: theoretical gas dynamics and aeroacoustics, numerical methods of gas dynamics and aeroacoustics, the construction of optimal aerodynamic forms. Author of more than 200 articles in mechanics and applied mathematics.
In 1989, he was elected people's deputy of the USSR from the Baumansky territorial constituency No. 3 of Moscow (March 26 received 64% of votes, and his rival Adamov 25,5%). In June, 1989 of the year became part of the Interregional Deputy Group, but after A. Sakharov’s call for a strike in December, 1989 of the year came out of it. Member of the Committee of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on science.
Married, has three daughters.
Aleshin Boris Sergeevich (born 3 in March 1955, Moscow) is a Russian statesman and scientist, an expert in the field of creating large information systems, modern on-board computers and software.
He graduated from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT) with a degree in Automatic Control Systems in 1978, and a postgraduate course at MIPT in 1982.
Doctor of Technical Sciences, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences with 22.05.2003. Author of more than 100 scientific papers.
At work at the State Research Institute of Aviation Systems (GosNIIAS) since 1978. He took part in the creation of mathematical methods for modeling onboard computing systems for MiG-29 and Su-27 aircraft. Later he switched to administrative work at the same institute.
1978 — 1979 is an engineer at the Research Institute for Automatic Systems, Moscow.
1979 — 1982 is a graduate student at MIPT.
1982 — 1990 is a job at the Research Institute of Automatic Systems from a leading engineer to the head of a subdivision of a scientific research institute.
1990 — 1998 - work from the head of the department to the commercial director of the State Research Institute of Aviation Systems.
1998 — 2000 - work at the FSUE “State Research Institute of Aviation Systems”.
Deputy Minister of Industry of the Russian Federation.
2001 — 2003 - Chairman of the State Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization and Metrology.
Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation.
12 March 2004 - appointed head of the Federal Agency for Industry, subordinate to the Ministry of Industry and Energy of the Russian Federation.
22 December 2005 - elected as a member of the Board of Directors of AVTOVAZ OJSC.
From September 2007 to August 2009 - President-General Director of JSC AVTOVAZ.
From December 1, 2009 took over as General Director of the Central Aero-Hydrodynamic Institute (TsAGI) named after Zhukovsky. (Order No. 168 / Sr on the entry of Boris Aleshin into the position of Director General of TsAGI was signed on November 25 2009).
Member of the Board of Directors of CJSC AKB Novikombank.
President of the Union of Russian handball players
Boris Alyoshin was the first to announce the possibility of selling a blocking stake in AVTOVAZ to a strategic investor, participated in negotiations on a partnership with the Canadian company Magna, and offered to raise funds from the investment fund to finance the plant. With his participation in February 2008, the 25% shares of OAO AVTOVAZ were sold to Renault-Nissan Corporation.
Father - S. D. Aleshin - worked as Deputy Minister of Trade of the USSR.
He is married and has a son.
Comments on Aviaport.ru website
Yes, of course, "innovators" from TsAGI and "retrogrades" from Tsiam.
Yes, not the government is raising a barrel ... who needs such an industry?
...
And from many important organizations there remained basically a noble name and an impressive facade of the administrative building. Everything goes according to the promise to us by German Gref. Remember?
And pay attention to what Kraiko said about job cuts in one of the most innovative areas of the industry: aircraft manufacturing.
And they did not hear what industry they are going to develop in Moscow? Recently announced: IT, biotechnology and medicine. And not a word about engineering of any kind. We arrived.
How it turns out today: “When I hear the word“ innovation, ”the hand itself reaches for the pistol” ... For some reason, for some reason, it was not synonymous with updating, but with the destruction of the existing one. From the declared in the "Internationale" only the first half remained: "to the ground". And no "and then." And who was "nothing" that "everything" and became, so nothing and stay!
PS: It would seem that quite recently they repulsed the last attack of "effective managers" on attempts to merge (read "plum") the scientific institutions of the aviation industry, see the details in Vadim SOKOLOVSKY’s article "Ivanov and Aleshin - new avikillers?", “Arguments of the Week”, No. 41 (282) from October 20 2011.
But no, not even two years have passed since, having regrouped and having carried out "effective management decisions," the merger fans, finally, sort of made the appropriate decisions ...
However, one should not forget that time, the main judge, will put everything in its place and judge who was right and who was not by the year of 2025. Not long left. If only to forget with someone to ask ...
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