Federal Security Server

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The Federal Security Service (FSB) wants to maximize control over information on the Internet. Intelligence agencies agreed on a draft order of the Ministry of Communications, according to which by July 1 2014 all Internet service providers are obliged to install equipment for recording and storing Internet traffic for at least 12 hours on their networks, and special services will have direct access to these records. For example, phone numbers, IP addresses, account names and e-mail addresses of social network users will be under control. Telecommunications operators claim that some provisions of the draft order contradict the Constitution, since they imply the collection and storage of data until a court decision.

At the disposal of "Kommersant" was a letter "VimpelCom" sent to the Ministry of Communications, in which the operator makes a number of comments to the draft order of the Ministry of operational-investigative activities on the Internet. In particular, according to a letter signed by the Director for Analytical Support of Interaction with VimpelCom State Authorities Alexey Rokotyan, a number of provisions of the order “violate the rights guaranteed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation (Art. 23, 24, 45)”. These articles guarantee the right to privacy, states that everyone has the right to confidentiality of correspondence, telephone conversations, postal, telegraph and other communications, and the restriction of this right is allowed only on the basis of a court decision. In this case, the collection, storage, use and dissemination of information about the private life of a person without his consent are not allowed.

In addition, according to VimpelCom, the draft order also "contradicts Article 8 of the federal law" On Operational Investigation Activities "." The fact is that the law "On operational investigative activities" does not establish the obligation of operators to purchase and operate special technical means for the purposes of operational investigative activities that are not related to remedies.

We are talking about the draft order of the Ministry of Communications and Mass Media, which had been previously agreed with the FSB, - two sources in the telecommunications market told Kommersant about this document and Rostelecom’s manager confirmed. Now the document must be registered with the Ministry of Justice and is expected to come into force before the end of the year.

The draft order, prepared in the spring, obliges the Internet provider to connect its network to special equipment, which will be managed by special services. All Internet traffic will pass through this equipment, and special services will be technically able to record all incoming data packets and store them for at least 12 hours. The document also details what information about Internet users will be transmitted by the provider to the special services. This, in particular, the phone number, IP-address, user account name, email address in the services mail.ru, yandex.ru, rambler.ru, gmail.com, yahoo.com and others; The unique identification number of the ICQ Internet chat user, the international mobile equipment identifier (IMEI), the identifiers of the called and calling Internet telephony subscribers. The draft order also states that providers must send information to the special services about the location of subscriber terminals of users of Internet telephony services (Google Talk, Skype, etc.).

The managing partner of the Bartolius Law Office, Julius Tai, believes that the order violates not only the Constitution, but also the laws of a lower level. In particular, the Criminal Code, the Criminal Procedure Code, the law “On the protection of personal data.” The existing legal and technical possibilities of access to personal data, information of Internet users to law enforcement agencies is enough. Unlimited expansion of these opportunities and neglect will lead to a violation of the rights of both ordinary citizens and special subjects, ”Mr. Tai said.

In addition, she notes in her letter to VimpelCom, it is unclear who will finance the purchase of recording devices and the construction of communication channels with the FSB "with expensive equipment and high-speed interfaces bandwidth 1 Gbit / s and above." By law, operational search activities are carried out at the expense of the forces and means of law enforcement, and not at the expense of telecom operators. If the state does not determine the sources of financing, the operators will not be able to fulfill the requirements of the order until July 1 2014, warns VimpelCom.

According to a Kommersant source in one of the ministries, operators traditionally paid for the installation and operation of SORM equipment (a system of operational investigative measures), although according to the law, the government must pay for SORM. According to preliminary estimates by VimpelCom, the annual investment will be $ 100 million; MTS estimates are more modest - about 300 million rubles. a year, a ministry official told Kommersant. In his opinion, for small operators, new investments in SORM can be overwhelming. For example, in the United States, the state reimburses technology companies for expenses related to wiretapping (see the certificate).

“Now the order is being coordinated with the FSB. Of course, before that it was developed jointly with the FSB and informally agreed. The Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Economics is the next stage, the order will be sent to them after the approval of this document by the FSB. Questions on financing addressed to the Ministry of Finance, while premature ", - say the press service of the Ministry of Communications. The press services of the Ministry of Finance and the Federal Security Service did not answer the questions of Kommersant.

The existing requirements of SORM, adopted in 2008, already instruct telecom operators to transfer phone numbers and location of mobile subscribers to special services, but the operator is not obliged to record this data, the Kommersant source at a large Internet company says. The draft of the new order is an update of the requirements from 2008, taking into account the "modern realities", said Alexander Rylik, director of security for the combined Afisha Rambler-SUP company. “According to the requirements of SORM, we do not record or store anything. We transfer our traffic to the FSB node. The SORM equipment that is installed here is simply an interface with the FSB hardware. All processing is done at the FSB node,” explains Rylyk. In his opinion, from the point of view of user rights, there is no “nothing new” in the draft order: the telecom operator will send no more data to the FSB than it sends now. Answering the question of “Kommersant” whether the draft order deals with the e-mail perusal, Alexander Rylik replied: “Let's just say that this is an automation of the law“ On operational investigative activities. ”Telecom operators fulfill the requirements of the law. Responsibility for possible abuses lies with the authorities who get the information. "

Meanwhile, the government recently submitted a bill to the State Duma proposing to endow the FSB with operational and investigative powers in the field of information security. The draft and explanatory note states that threats to national interests in this area are increasing, Interfax reported. In particular, the intensification of interstate information confrontation is noted, cases of the spread of malicious software used as information weapons. In addition, the possibility of using information telecommunication technologies for terrorist acts is not excluded.

The press services of MTS, Rostelecom, refrained from commenting on the article; in Yandex, Google and Mail.ru Group did not answer the questions of Kommersant.
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39 comments
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  1. +3
    21 October 2013 10: 52
    If you believe Snowden, then in the West it has been practiced for a long time .. Ours just got stirred. Info war is already raging with might and main in information networks.
    1. +6
      21 October 2013 11: 28
      Quote: MIKHAN
      Info war is already raging with might and main in information networks.

      and where does the info war come about? ... if we are talking about a system of total espionage for our own citizens ...
      and moreover, not through the adoption of a federal law (which still needs to be "pushed through" and which will cause a certain resonant wave), but quietly, through an intradepartmental document ...
      I am not against the "storage" of information with providers, I am against free access to this information by any third parties, including the Russian special services, without an appropriate court decision ...
      and the implementation of this "project" will mean that in our country not only laws are not written for everyone, but the Constitution is a fiction ...
      although what am I talking about? ... we have his majesty "guarantor" ... feel
      1. +2
        21 October 2013 11: 39
        laughing We can say that they didn’t control it before, the situation is rather like this, before the FSB searched for it and stored it, now all this is put on the shoulders of the providers and, if necessary, they will take it ready.
      2. +3
        21 October 2013 12: 59
        Finally! Got what to do!
        It is necessary to follow, with the help of the Internet and communication, there is the current WORLD crime.
        As an example, I can say that there was a case, from one account they illegally started stealing from several points located around the world!
        There is a type of fraud when you are called by dummies and introduced by a bank employee and asked to complete the transaction.
        The employee girl saw a man in a branch standing at a cash machine and performing operations while talking to someone.
        When asked with whom he was talking, he began to be rude and say that he was talking to an operator from her bank and she was stopping him. I had to get through with him, but the phone was taken away and when asked who was on the phone, they hung up. Money saved.
        And another businessman from Kazan leaked 21 lam.
        My mom called the same type and started rubbing her rubbish that she needed to transfer money. She was aware of these Coves and revealed his cards. The result is a mate and life-threatening demands not to call this phone.
        In cases where you need info right now - the court and the bureaucracy - the failure of the operation.
        1. pahom54
          +4
          21 October 2013 15: 14
          The FSB infa is not needed to track who has what and how much has stolen someone’s account ... I myself am not a supporter of the fact that information about me is merged into the KGB archives, oh. that is, the FSB, but, given the level of crime and terrorism, such information will greatly facilitate, if not the prevention of various attacks, it will complicate their conduct and preparation. And the FSB will receive precisely the operational information, so the courts have nothing to do with it.
          And again, “human rights activists” are howling against these actions, most likely, because their actions will also be registered.
          And it’s violet to me, although it’s unpleasant that they specifically monitor me, but if it is necessary for solving specific and reasonable tasks. - let it be ... Although in vain I think that it will be someone who will follow me, at x ... this FSB needs me. Well, keep track of what the mood sometimes went to a porn site, well, let them giggle ...
          1. +1
            21 October 2013 15: 47
            Look deeper. Where did the terrorists come from?
            Organized crime groups are not inferior to terror in fatality
          2. No_more
            0
            21 October 2013 19: 27
            There is such a paradox: if you need to eliminate a threat, then you need someone who will eliminate it, but if it eliminates it, then it will not be needed. Therefore, the existence of the one who needs to eliminate it depends on the existence of the threat.

            It is necessary to achieve a situation where it simply will not be necessary to expect danger from each, to struggle with the causes, and not with special cases. But it is longer and more expensive to deal with special cases separately, which means that it will be so, because it is beneficial to those who do this.
        2. Beech
          -1
          21 October 2013 17: 02
          "A female employee saw a man standing at a banker in a branch and performing transactions while talking to someone." The girl is a direct hero of the invisible front ... and in which bank was it?
      3. +1
        21 October 2013 16: 36
        Quote: military
        Quote: MIKHAN
        Info war is already raging with might and main in information networks.

        and where does the info war come about? ... if we are talking about a system of total espionage for our own citizens ...
        and moreover, not through the adoption of a federal law (which still needs to be "pushed through" and which will cause a certain resonant wave), but quietly, through an intradepartmental document ...
        I am not against the "storage" of information with providers, I am against free access to this information by any third parties, including the Russian special services, without an appropriate court decision ...
        and the implementation of this "project" will mean that in our country not only laws are not written for everyone, but the Constitution is a fiction ...
        although what am I talking about? ... we have his majesty "guarantor" ... feel

        In the end, it will not bring any positive result for security, as there is a sufficient number of effective cryptograms so that all the FSB for five years will sweat over the decryption of one text. But to portray vigorous activity and expand the staff of pieces to three hundred ordinary assholes and a couple of generals above them, who will filter terabytes of empty information around the clock and write reports, Yes! This technique will work.
        1. +2
          21 October 2013 19: 48
          Yes, do not worry about the expansion of the special services! Everything has long been organized. And not they, but programmers with such qualifications that ordinary citizens seem to them brainless assholes. Believe me, in the field of mathematics, statistics, cryptography and in some other sciences, these are geniuses. Others do not take there!
      4. +1
        21 October 2013 19: 37
        You are against listening to you! What stupid people you are! You post information via the Internet or phone. In fact, you yourself are putting the info on public display in near-Earth space. Your keyboard, screen, system unit or phone so stuff the space of your info so that only a lazy person does not want to intercept this information or read and write it. What the special services do. You radiate, and they just accept this info. You yourself make them learn something about yourself! Well, when will Russian people become wiser?
    2. +1
      21 October 2013 13: 21
      Quote: MIKHAN
      If you believe Snowden, then in the West it has been practiced for a long time .. Ours just got stirred. Info war is already raging with might and main in information networks.


      Well now with us. It seems that you need to start a new cryptosoft for mail, as in the old days, all texts were encrypted to drive at least 128 bytes.

      Here is another interesting to me. For example, my neighbor is fucking the daughter of our local FSB chief. The main one naturally guesses, but so far he doesn’t know who his daughter is ... of that. Now, after the adoption of the law, if he suddenly finds out how to be? and if for example I accidentally ... his wife ?? Here's what to do now? Now you can’t go to Sartir without supervision ??
      1. +2
        21 October 2013 15: 59
        Quote: Geisenberg
        ? Here's what to do now? Now you can’t go to Sartir without supervision ??


        Never mind. They will assign you a loyalty index on an appropriate scale in the database, and your husband will know without the Internet.
        1. +1
          21 October 2013 20: 13
          Quote: Ascetic
          Quote: Geisenberg
          ? Here's what to do now? Now you can’t go to Sartir without supervision ??


          Never mind. They will assign you a loyalty index on an appropriate scale in the database, and your husband will know without the Internet.


          Or maybe I love her and want “that one” every day, but I don’t want to marry her, that one ... let him be married to him.

          And just do not give me any loyalty index is unnecessary ...
          1. 0
            22 October 2013 17: 40
            Quote: Geisenberg
            ... my neighbor is fucking the daughter of our local FSB chief. The main one naturally guesses, but so far he doesn’t know who his daughter is ... of that.

            Quote: Geisenberg
            Or maybe I love her and want “that one” every day, but I don’t want to marry her, that one ... let him be married to him.

            and that’s what’s characteristic ... what every morning I see my "neighbor" in the mirror when I shave ... wink
      2. +2
        21 October 2013 16: 18
        Quote: Geisenberg
        and if for example I accidentally ... his wife ??

        - Mom, I’m your Galya ... that ...
        - Chu-yu ... so get married!
        - Yes, no ... I’ve moved her ... with a tractor ... laughing
      3. +1
        21 October 2013 16: 41
        Quote: Geisenberg
        Now, after the adoption of the law, if he suddenly finds out how to be? and if for example I accidentally ... his wife ?? Here's what to do now? Now you can’t go to Sartir without supervision ??

        And why are you his wife on the Internet ... that?
        But what if you try it live?
        Moreover, the husband will now catch enemies on the Internet around the clock, and he will have absolutely no time left for his wife
      4. No_more
        0
        21 October 2013 19: 32
        Yes, it won’t help, now the technique is such that top-end video cards that are logically sharpened for parallel computing, like nuts click on encryption.
        But actually based on random numbers, encryption is not allowed. That is not such standards. Those. our choice is symmetric encryption, and preferably also denied, so that no one would guess that something is encrypted.
      5. -1
        21 October 2013 19: 51
        If you have secrets from the state, do not use the Internet, phone. But cryptosoft is developed by the special services themselves, just users are suckers, they think that they can hide something. And if you began to encrypt yourself, then for sure the tracking will begin for you.
        1. No_more
          0
          22 October 2013 16: 54
          Here the fact is that it is very expensive and is done for our money. And then juggling with formulas begins when calculating pensions in order to save on vital budget items. This rightly causes discontent.
    3. -1
      21 October 2013 19: 26
      And do you believe that? Our special services have been listening and recording us for a long time. It’s just that it’s against the law without court authorization. And if you file a lawsuit against the suspect, it’s immediately an open secret, i.e. everyone and the suspect will know about it.
      1. No_more
        0
        21 October 2013 19: 35
        And they don’t listen to us, I as a person working in a telecom can say this, because there is simply no technical possibility for this. The equipment will not pull such a load, even 10% of such a load.
        And for surveillance, it seems the sanction of the prosecutor seems enough.
  2. Hon
    +3
    21 October 2013 10: 54
    So can this equipment be purchased from the FSB budget?
    1. 0
      21 October 2013 13: 25
      Quote: Hon
      So can this equipment be purchased from the FSB budget?


      Maybe just the FSB to sell to someone? And even then they already climb without soap.
      1. Yarosvet
        +2
        21 October 2013 13: 31
        Quote: Geisenberg
        Maybe just the FSB to sell to someone?

        Yes, along the way for a long time ....
  3. +4
    21 October 2013 10: 55
    Snowden was reforging! I threw the prog to the faces, now those in the USA want it ....
    1. 0
      21 October 2013 13: 28
      Quote: Nayhas
      Snowden was reforging! I threw the prog to the faces, now those in the USA want it ....


      It’s just that in the USA they have grown up to ours, they screamed that they had cleanliness there, while they themselves were quietly looking through calls and mail, on a global scale. Ours now have decided to go to the official level so that they can legally inspect anyone without asking, otherwise God forbid anyone who remembers the constitution.
  4. Sewer
    +1
    21 October 2013 10: 57
    For the title of the article ++++++, well done author! hi
  5. +2
    21 October 2013 11: 07
    Cyber ​​war is in full swing. Why should Russia lag behind in it? If someone has something to hide, this is their problem. To give the enemies of Russia the opportunity to freely use the capabilities of the Internet and our fifth column in it is utter stupidity. If you want legitimacy, let's hold a popular referendum, not like voting. I am sure that the majority of the population will support the FSB project. And those who hide behind Nick on the Internet unrealized desires and various phobias will scream. Waiting for cons from a hamster Internet legion.
    1. Hon
      +3
      21 October 2013 11: 13
      Quote: Victor
      Cyber ​​war is in full swing. Why should Russia lag behind in it? If someone has something to hide, this is their problem. To give the enemies of Russia the opportunity to freely use the capabilities of the Internet and our fifth column in it is utter stupidity. If you want legitimacy, let's hold a popular referendum, not like voting. I am sure that the majority of the population will support the FSB project. And those who hide behind Nick on the Internet unrealized desires and various phobias will scream. Waiting for cons from a hamster Internet legion.

      I absolutely do not like this project, although I have nothing to hide and the FSBs need me as the fifth leg of a dog. But it's still unpleasant. In the Mitinsk market, FSB databases are freely sold. Who will guarantee that for a certain amount, our "incorruptible" FSB officers will not follow businessmen in favor of competitors?
      1. +2
        21 October 2013 11: 21
        Quote: Hon
        will our "incorruptible" FSB officers not follow businessmen in favor of competitors?

        And what, for many years, hasn’t this been done by the same Ministry of Internal Affairs and other structures?
        1. Hon
          +2
          21 October 2013 11: 26
          Quote: Victor
          And what, for many years, hasn’t this been done by the same Ministry of Internal Affairs and other structures?

          They do, but their technical capabilities are limited. Therefore, if you follow certain rules of caution, you can protect yourself from such actions. When installing such equipment, all information transmitted via the Internet becomes not just vulnerable, it becomes completely open.
        2. 0
          21 October 2013 11: 26
          Quote: Victor
          And what, for many years, hasn’t this been done by the same Ministry of Internal Affairs and other structures?

          Previously, everything was manual, and a large staff is needed, because the volumes, even within the framework of one company, are large, there is a lot of outright garbage. And that program will work, everything will be much faster ...
      2. +1
        21 October 2013 11: 23
        Quote: Hon
        Who will guarantee that for a certain amount, our "incorruptible" FSB officers will not follow businessmen in favor of competitors?

        So what access to insider! This is the bonanza!
    2. +3
      21 October 2013 11: 44
      It may be true about cyber war, but the apparent and unceremonious proposed violation of the Constitution provokes a protest. I have no illusions about our power and the prospect of getting another way of abuse is also not pleasing. Too much now depends on IT and it will be too easy to mislead or mistakenly deliver a bunch of problems to a specific person.
      The argument about "enemies of Russia" is not serious. But what to call civil servants who are working out deliberate violation of the Constitution and other laws of the "lower level"? Who is more dangerous koooruptsioner on the control of such a system or Internet hamsters satisfying their "unrealized desires and various phobias @ in the internet?
      1. 0
        21 October 2013 19: 30
        Quote: Blinov_I
        The argument about "enemies of Russia" is not serious. But what to call civil servants who are working out deliberate violation of the Constitution and other laws of the "lower level"? Who is more dangerous koooruptsioner on the control of such a system or Internet hamsters satisfying their "unrealized desires and various phobias @ in the internet?

        If there were only Internet hamsters on the Internet, then there would be nothing to bathe about. But unfortunately, the Internet has long become a battlefield and much more dangerous than ordinary local conflicts. it’s through the Internet that scumbags are recruited into gangs, it’s through the Internet that children are molested, it is through the Internet that anyone can learn how to make and detonate bombs, synthesize chemical warfare agents, it is through the Internet that any city in the world can be made unviable by stopping all life-supporting processes. The Internet can now plunge certain regions into chaos. This is our reality today. Cyber ​​war is already in full swing. Let's surrender the country without a fight for the sake of our own pride. The Russian constitution also guarantees the right of citizens to life, but has the Internet directly or indirectly taken away many lives in our country? The question is very controversial. As for the hamsters, a single hacked hamster hamper can do much more harm to people than the entire FSB combined.
  6. +1
    21 October 2013 11: 26
    Corruption wants to expand its business. The constitution does not seem to be guaranteed by anyone.
    Let's see if the punishment for this type of crime is spelled out in the Criminal Code.
    1. +1
      21 October 2013 11: 54
      Quote: Andriuha077
      Corruption wants...

      The Federal Security Service (FSB) wants ...

      strange feeling of deja vu ...
  7. 0
    21 October 2013 11: 28
    ...Then we go to you.
  8. +3
    21 October 2013 11: 42
    Now democracy is in action! The siloviki had only to collect feces with urine. And do not care about the constitution and freedom ... And the question is what is the difference between totalitarianism and crap with pluralism?
    1. +2
      21 October 2013 12: 14
      Quote: It is known who
      The siloviki had only to collect feces with urine ...

      yes not a question ... we send cash on delivery ... laughing
  9. bars280
    +4
    21 October 2013 11: 48
    But I do not care, I have nothing to hide !!!! Let them graze. I think others have nothing to worry about !!! I don’t think they crap a lot.
    1. +3
      21 October 2013 12: 46
      I agree with you. And extremists and others ... completely overwhelmed. Now there are so many sites promoting the devil, that has divorced, maybe at least this der..a will decrease on the Internet.
  10. +2
    21 October 2013 12: 10
    According to a Kommersant source in one of the ministries, the operators traditionally paid for the installation and operation of SORM equipment (system of operational-search measures), although according to law for SORM should be paid by the state.

    what can you do ... Russia has always been famous for the "traditions" of special services and the "altruism" of business ... feel
  11. 0
    21 October 2013 12: 17
    And this super-duper-mega server for recording everything, also Russian-made?
  12. Lech from our city
    +2
    21 October 2013 12: 20
    Not surprisingly, the mild reaction of the reaction of the leadership of RUSSIA regarding SNOWDEN led me to think that we had long been under the hood of THIS STRUCTURE hehe including this site on which I like to express my thoughts.
    Therefore, I think this process is logical and consistent (according to the logic of the development of our society)
    At one fine moment (and it will come necessarily), events will develop in RUSSIA as well as in the American intelligence society - this is a purely natural phenomenon related to the development of the STATE AS SUCH.
    1. Beech
      +1
      21 October 2013 17: 14
      Of course ... before no one was peeping or peeping, and most importantly did not complain where to ... damn ... the technology is to blame))))
  13. Yarosvet
    +6
    21 October 2013 13: 41
    The reaction of the Zaputinians to the Old turned out to be predictable: when there were topics about surveillance in the states, the Zaputins voted about fascism in mattresses, when the topic came up about the Russian Federation, there was a lot of excuse for this initiative.

    The Russian Federation is systematically turning the United States into a worsened likeness, and it won’t reach some - they have no time to notice it, they get up off their knees laughing
    1. +2
      21 October 2013 17: 15
      But how could it be otherwise - we have scouts, and they have spies ...
  14. vanaheym
    0
    21 October 2013 16: 11
    only hardcore, only VPN and GnuPG with OTR
  15. Beech
    +4
    21 October 2013 17: 07
    And what kind of secret information does everyone have? Yes, let them listen ... although maybe they will learn something new when I'm out of sorts))))
  16. 0
    21 October 2013 18: 20
    nationalists probably decided to catch laughing
  17. +2
    21 October 2013 20: 05
    I read, read people's comments on this article and concluded - well, there are so many suckers in Russia! The Internet is a free network, it, as it were, does not belong to anyone and everything that you report to the Internet is read by everyone who is not lazy! You yourself put everything about yourself on display to the whole world. And the phones emit signals of such strength that they can be caught and listened to on Jupiter. E-mail is an electronic program that is also easy to read, like a newspaper sitting on the toilet! Cryptography - is developed by special services and they easily decrypt you. Therefore, these spies use the old, old-fashioned methods of hiding information.
  18. +3
    21 October 2013 20: 27
    Eternal blah-blah-blah, confident that they know more than others, "I don't want to be listened to, seen, recorded!" Friends, believe me, with or without a new order, nobody needs you, turn down megalomania, FSB officers will not follow who and where you want this, this and so on, such things as control of the virtual space are needed for specific purposes , and those who are panicky afraid of the FSB-KGB-NKVD-GPU-VChK need to heal their nerves and business! And if it is necessary to take you by the soft tissues, they will do without any permits!

"Right Sector" (banned in Russia), "Ukrainian Insurgent Army" (UPA) (banned in Russia), ISIS (banned in Russia), "Jabhat Fatah al-Sham" formerly "Jabhat al-Nusra" (banned in Russia) , Taliban (banned in Russia), Al-Qaeda (banned in Russia), Anti-Corruption Foundation (banned in Russia), Navalny Headquarters (banned in Russia), Facebook (banned in Russia), Instagram (banned in Russia), Meta (banned in Russia), Misanthropic Division (banned in Russia), Azov (banned in Russia), Muslim Brotherhood (banned in Russia), Aum Shinrikyo (banned in Russia), AUE (banned in Russia), UNA-UNSO (banned in Russia), Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People (banned in Russia), Legion “Freedom of Russia” (armed formation, recognized as terrorist in the Russian Federation and banned)

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